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Background and Aim: Ascaridia galli, a nematode that frequently infects the digestive tract of chickens, is a significant concern for poultry health. In response, the use of medicinal plant-derived anthelmintics was proposed as a potential solution. This study observed the in vitro effectiveness of a single, graded dose of the ethanol extract of Andrographis paniculata, Phyllanthus niruri L., Curcuma xanthorrhiza Roxb., and Curcuma aeruginosa Roxb. on the movement activity of adult A. galli every hour for 6 h, followed by an analysis of worm cuticle damage in A. galli. Materials and Methods: A randomized block design was used. Adult A. galli were collected from the intestinal lumen of fresh free-range chickens. Each petri dish contained two A. galli for each treatment with three replications. Each plant extract (A. paniculata, P. niruri L., C. xanthorrhiza Roxb., and C. aeruginosa Roxb.) was evaluated with three distinct doses, which were 250 μg/mL, 500 μg/mL, and 1000 μg/mL; 0.9% sodium chloride solution was used as a negative control, and 500 μg/mL Albendazole solution was used as a positive control. The active compound content of A. paniculata, P. niruri L., C. xanthorrhiza Roxb., and C. aeruginosa Roxb. extracts were analyzed using ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The movement activity of A. galli was determined by the percentage score value from the 1st to the 6th h in each treatment group, followed by analysis of damage to the A. galli cuticle layer using a nano-microscope and histopathological images. Results: Analysis of variance demonstrated that at doses of 250 μg/mL and 500 μg/mL, the ethanol extracts of A. paniculata, P. niruri L., C. xanthorrhiza Roxb., and C. aeruginosa Roxb. did not have a significant effect on the effectiveness of A. galli’s motility (>0.005). However, at a dose of 1000 μg/mL, the ethanol extract of A. paniculata, P. niruri L., C. xanthorrhiza Roxb., and C. aeruginosa Roxb. reduced the motility of A. galli. Importantly, the motility of A. galli in the dose of 1000 μg/mL A. paniculata and P. niruri L. extract groups was very weak and significantly different (p < 0.001) compared to the negative control group. The content of the active compound Andrographolide in the ethanol extract of A. paniculata and the active compound 5-Methoxybenzimidazole in the extract of P. niruri L. are strongly suspected to play an important role in damaging and shedding the cuticle layer of A. galli. Conclusion: All herbal extracts have anthelmintic activity at a concentration of 1000 μg/mL. Extracts of A. paniculata, P. niruri L., C. xanthorrhiza Roxb., and C. aeruginosa Roxb. have activities that can damage and dissolve the cuticle layer of A. galli, resulting in the weakening of the motility of A. galli.

Background: Free-range chickens are one of the animal protein needs people often look for. Maintaining free-range chickens with a free cage system predisposes them to infection with gastrointestinal parasites. Objectives: This study aims to determine epithelial cell changes and hypertrophy of digestive tract goblet cells in free-range chicken infected naturally with Raillietina spp. worms. Methods: This study used seven archival slides of small intestine histopathology of free-range chicken infected with cestode worms. Small intestines of free-range chicken samples were taken from two markets: Pluit market in North Jakarta and Kebayoran Lama market in South Jakarta. Results: Histopathological observations on intestinal slides found desquamation of villous epithelium and proliferation of crypt cells caused by cestode worm infection. The highest number of hypertrophied goblet cells was found in slide samples from the Kebayoran Lama market, South Jakarta. However, it did not have a significant different (p>0.05) in cestode infection. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the desquamation of villi and an increase goblet cell hypertrophy occur due to cestode worm infection in the small intestinal mucosa of free-range chicken.

Palm kernel shell is solid waste produced from the processing of crude palm oil (CPO). In this context, phosphoric acid (H3PO4) serves as an essential activator for producing an adsorbent with maximum micropore under operating conditions at a temperature of

Dates (Phoenix dactylifera) are considered as a well-known fruit consumed by many people in various countries. This study aimed to examine potential effects of dates as a hepatoprotective agent in mice. This study was conducted at the Iratco Group’s eLRosa Laboratory Research Facility, Indonesia, starting from June 2022 to July 2022. Mice from ddY strain were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=5 per group) of positive and negative control groups, and treatment groups 1, 2, and 3. The negative control group as the normal baseline did not receive acetaminophen and date extract. In treatment groups, 30 µL/30 gr BW, 60 µL/30 gr BW, and 100 µL/30 gr BW extract was given per oral to Treatment Group 1, Group 2, and Group 3, respectively for 20 days. On day 21, all treatment groups were induced with 300mg/KgBW acetaminophen for 3 days via the intraperitoneal route. Blood tests were performed on day 24 to measure the serum transaminase level as the parameter of liver damage. The lowest level of transaminase serum was found in group 3 with the highest volume of dates extract, which was 100 µL, followed by group 2 (60 µL), and group 1 (30 µL). There was a significant difference between the positive control group and treatment groups with no significant difference was seen between negative and the treatment groups. This study concludes that dates extract has the potential of being a hepatoprotective agent.

Background and Aim: To meet domestic demand for meat, Indonesia imports live cattle from Australia, which have non-bovine viral diarrhea (BVD)-free status. The consequence of importing live cattle from Australia is potentially introducing a novel BVD variant to Indonesia. Therefore, detecting BVD early and determining the agent’s characteristics and clinical symptoms are necessary. This study aimed to detect and characterize clinical symptoms of bovine viral diarrhea (BVD) and highlight the importance of farm management as a risk factor for the spread of BVD. This study aimed to provide information about the effectiveness of preventive measures against BVD in Australian-imported cattle at the Tanjung Priok Seaport Agricultural Quarantine. Bovine viral diarrhea is among the most common diarrheal diseases found in feedlots and is a severe health and economic problem in cattle. Materials and Methods: All cattle in a selected feedlot were examined for clinical symptoms on their first day of arrival. The sampling criteria included age, body weight, body temperature (BT), animal breath (AB), pulse (PL), conjunctivitis (CJ), hyperlacrimation (HL), hypersalivation (HS), DR, fever, limping leg (LL), emaciation, stomatitis (ST), weakness (WK), and coronitis (CR). In addition, 64 blood samples were taken from cattle that exhibited clinical symptoms of BVD. On the 3rd> day of arrival, a blood sample showing positive clinical symptoms was examined using antigen (Ag)-capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The data from these clinical symptoms were analyzed alongside the laboratory results using multidimensional scale analysis, heatmap distribution, and principal component analysis (PCA). Furthermore, the positive serum samples obtained from the Ag-capture ELISA underwent a nested multiplex polymerase chain reaction and molecular detection and genetic characterization of BVDV based on the 5’ untranslated region of the viral genome, followed by sequence and phylogenetic tree analyses. Results: Using PCA, 12 clinical symptom characteristics of BVD were determined from 13 clinical symptoms synergized with five cattle positive for Ag-capture ELISA. The clinical symptoms included internal factors such as physiological conditions of CJ, HL, HS, DR, BT, LL, loss of appetite, ST, WK, CR, AB, and PL. The screening test showed that five samples tested positive for the BVD Ag, while 59 tested negative. Phylogenetic tree analysis using a 360-nucleotide portion of the NS5B gene showed that Sample B23F5R had a distinct path compared to the other two samples in the phylogenetic diagram. The profile of sample B23F5R was closely related to BVDV reference subgenotype 1-a group (NCBI, access no. LC068605), with a homology percentage of 92.36%. Furthermore, this sample was similar to the BVDV reference 1-a, Strain 12, identified in Japan. The other two samples, B13F5R and A13F5R, showed close resemblance to the BVDV reference subgenotype 1-a that had been previously identified in Indonesia (NCBI, access no. MK411755), with homology percentages of 97.81% and 97.75%, respectively. Conclusion: The BVDV-1a strain is the main subtype present in beef cattle imported from Australia to West Java, Indonesia. The characteristics of clinical symptoms associated with BVD infection comprised 12 symptoms synergized with the positive sample in the PCA. The present results can facilitate the development of preventive and control measures for BVD circulation in Indonesia.

Abstract A decrease in liver function can cause some clinical impact on the body. The loss of the body's ability to metabolize toxins makes metabolic remains accumulate in the blood. This study aims to determine the potential of black cumin oil hepatoprotective. This study used 25 ddY mice. Mice were given black cumin oil for 20 days and inducted liver cell damage using paracetamol dose 300mg/KgBB. Results showed the potential of black cumin oil hepatoprotective in the group given 60μL of black cumin oil. These results were obtained from the measurement of SGPT, SGOT values and histopathological observations of the liver organs of mice. These results show that black cumin preparations are able to suppress liver damage due to paracetamol. Keywords: Black cumin; Liver; Paracetamol Abstrak Penurunan fungsi hati dapat menyebabkan beberapa dampak klinis pada tubuh. Kehilangan kemampuan tubuh untuk memetabolisme racun menjadikan sisa-sisa metabolisme menumpuk di dalam darah. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi hepatoprotektif minyak jintan hitam. Penelitian ini menggunakan mencit ddY berjumlah 25 ekor. Mencit diberikan minyak jintan hitam selama 20 hari dan dilakukan induksi kerusakan sel hati menggunakan paracetamol dosis 300mg/KgBB. Hasil penelitian menunjukan adanya potensi hepatoprotektor minyak jintan hitam pada kelompok yang diberikan 60µL minyak jintan hitam. Hasil ini didapatkan dari pengukuran nilai SGPT, SGOT dan pengamatan histopatologi organ hati mencit. Hasil ini menunjukan sediaan jintan hitam mampu menekan kerusakan hati akibat paracetamol. Kata kunci: Hati; Jintan hitam; Paracetamol

Arabica green coffee bean is the most widely produced coffee bean in Indonesia. Studies have shown that arabica green coffee beans are rich in polyphenols and antioxidants, stimulating immune cell proliferation. This study investigated the immunomodulatory activity of arabica green coffee beans (Coffea arabica). Thirty mice (Mus musculus) with an average body weight of 30 g were divided into five groups: negative control, positive control, and groups administered arabica green coffee bean powder extract at doses of 0.03, 0.06, and 0.18 mg/30 g BW. It was orally administered once daily for 14 days. On the 15th day, the mice were intraperitoneally injected with non-pathogenic Staphylococcus aureus. After an hour, mice were necropsied for peritoneal fluid collection. Peritoneal fluid was stained with a peripheral blood smear, and the number of macrophages and lymphocytes was observed under a microscope. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), followed by Tukey’s test. The group administered with 0.18 mg/30 g body weight (BW) dose showed the highest average of macrophage and lymphocytes compared to the negative control group and any other groups. Arabica green coffee bean powder extract was shown to have immunomodulatory activity, with the highest activity observed at a dosage of 0.18 mg/30 g BW.

The purpose of the study was to examine the safety of combination of basil, turmeric and bean sprouts extract solution on the hematological parameters and blood biochemistry profile of rats. The combined ingredients used in the study were obtained from different places. A total of 15 rats were divided into 3 groups based on the treatment dose. Each group consisted of 5 rats. The rats in control group (K) did not given extract combination, while the rats in group KKT 1 % and KKT 5% received combination of basil, turmeric and bean sprouts extract at dose of 1% and 5%, respectively. Effectiveness and safety tests were carried out by evaluating the hematological and blood biochemical profiles of female rats. The data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results showed that the rats given combination of basil, turmeric and bean sprouts extract at a dose of 1% and, dose of 5% did not had significant different compared to control (P0.05), but tend to have positive effects in increasing several blood components that play an important role in maintaining immunity during pregnancy. It can be concluded that the combination of basil, turmeric and bean sprouts at dose of 1% and 5% do not adversely affect hematology profile and blood biochemistry of rats. This indicates that the extract combination does not cause any toxicity effects on the rats.

This study explores the complexity of Jokowi’s political fashion as a visual marker of status, identity, and political power, along with the digital technology advancement. The purpose of this article is to analysed details about Jokowi’s political power through fashion, which is related to five specific moments during the 2019 political campaign until his current leadership. The authors classified two typologies of clothing, including white and black shades of casual clothes and Indonesia’s traditional clothes. Roland Barthes’s semiotics theory and methods helps us to interpret series of symbols on Jokowi’s clothing. This is a qualitative research with document analysis procedure, including electronic material contain text and images (Jokowi’s Instagram archives) related to the main issue. Research shown that clothing wasn’t just an everyday business for Jokowi, but it is also tools that brands his personal identity. Public attention is often stolen when he incorporates local elements in his fashion style. The value of diversity (Kebhinnekaan) in Jokowi’s traditional clothing appearance couldn’t be separated with his identity as a president, as political figure, as Jokowi.

Taoge memiliki berbagai manfaat farmakologis yang berpotensi besar untuk meningkatkan kesehatan. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengeksplorasi keamanan dari konsumsi maserasi taoge melalui pengamatan terhadap profil hematologi dan biokimia darah. Sebanyak 15 ekor tikus betina galur Sprague Dawley berumur 8 minggu, memiliki bobot badan 220-230 g, dan belum pernah bunting dikelompokkan secara acak ke dalam 3 kelompok perlakuan (n=5 tikus), yaitu kelompok kontrol (diberi air mineral); kelompok maserasi taoge 1%; dan kelompok maserasi taoge 5%. Pemberian maserasi dilakukan melalui air minum dan dilaksanakan selama 20 hari. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa secara umum perlakuan maserasi taoge tidak memberikan pengaruh nyata (P>0.05) terhadap profil hematologi dan biokimia darah tikus percobaan. Terdapat peningkatan signifikan (P>0.05) pada kadar hemoglobin pada kelompok maserasi taoge 1% dibandingkan dengan kontrol yang lebih tinggi dari nilai normal. Hal yang serupa juga terjadi pada nilai neutrofil yang lebih tinggi dari nilai normal namun tidak berbeda nyata dengan kontrol (p>0.05). Selain keduanya, semua parameter menunjukkan nilai yang tidak berbeda nyata dibandingkan dengan kelompok kontrol dan berada pada rentang nilai normal.. Hal ini mengindikasikan bahwa pemberian maserasi tauge tidak memberikan efek negatif dan toksik pada dosis 1 dan 5% terhadap profil darah serta fungsi organ hati dan ginjal.

Background and aim: Cis-Diamminedichloroplatinum (II) (Cisplatin) is one of the most synthetic anticancer drug but have several adverse effects and one of them is acute ren failure. Cisplatin can induce nephrotoxicity occur via the toxic generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Black soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) has been reported contain high levels of phenolics and anthocyanins that has antioxidant activity. This study aims to determine the effect of ethanol extract of black soybean (EEBS) against cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity in rats. Experimental procedure: Cisplatin-induced nephrotoxicity rats treated with EEBS and the blood samples taken on days 0, 9, and 18. The effects of EEBS was evaluated by determining Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), Caspase-3 (Casp-3), and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) expression using immunohistochemistry (IHC), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), Uric Acid (UA) content and catalase (CAT) content in the blood plasma with colorimetric assay kit. Results and conclusion: Based on the results, EEBS treatment had successfully reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β and IFN-γ, and improved physiological condition by lowering BUN and UA content while increasing CAT activity. No significant effect was found in Casp-3 expression. EEBS has potential to improve acute renal failure condition through inflammatory suppression and renal function improvement.

Anthropocentrism is one of the perspectives applied in figuring out human relations with the environment. The environmental crisis happening in most areas of the world lately is allegedly the impact of anthropocentrism, which views humans as the center of the universe, and only humans have the right to utilize and make use of nature for their interests and needs. One of the environmental crises which hit the world today is deforestation. The description of deforestation and its various consequences can be looked through not only from the news in mass media or research reports, but also from Indonesian and Malaysian novels. This study aims at examining the issue of deforestation described in Indonesian and Malaysian novels. The method applied is a comparative qualitative descriptive with an ecocritical perspective. As data sources, two Indonesian novels and two Malaysian novels were selected, namely Api Awan Asap (Rampan) and Tanah Tabu (Thayf) as the samples of Indonesian novels; Penunggu Rimba: Tombiruo (Mursid) and Anak Belantara (Abdullah) as the samples of Malaysian novels. From an eco-critical perspective, the results of the study show that in the four novels studied, it appears that there is an issue of deforestation in Indonesia and Malaysia which has resulted in various other environmental problems. The four analyzed novels reveal how local wisdom can prevent and fight deforestation which occurs in the forests of Kalimantan and Papua. Added to this, through the novels, Indonesian and Malaysian writers both present ecocentrism perspectives to fight anthropocentrism which causes deforestation. Some different views are expressed by Indonesian and Malaysian writers in dealing with deforestation.

Background and Aim: Basil is well known as a medicinal plant that contains high essential oils and antioxidant compounds that have the potential to improve ovarian development. Thus, basil may have the potential to improve the growth and development of the uterus and placenta for optimal prenatal growth of offspring. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of Indonesian basil maceration on gonad development of mature female albino rats. Materials and Methods: Fifteen 8-week-old female Sprague-Dawley rats, at the diestrus stage of the estrus cycle, were divided into three different treatment groups: Control group (mineral water), bas-low group (1% of basil maceration), and bas-high group (5% of basil maceration). Basil maceration was dissolved and administered in mineral drinking water, and the treatments were given for 20 days (4 estrus cycles). At the end of the treatment period, serum follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol, and progesterone (Pg) were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The relative weight of the ovary and uterus; diameter and length of uterine cornual; vascularization of uterus; the diameter of uterine glands; the number of primary, secondary, and tertiary de Graaf follicles; the number of corpora luteum; as well as the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the ovary were determined. Results: There was no significant difference (p>0.05) in the serum FSH level of rats treated with basil maceration drinking water doses of 1% and 5% compared to the control group. However, serum estradiol and Pg concentrations in the 1% and 5% basil maceration groups were significantly higher (p

Human Wharton’s jelly‐mesenchymal stem cells (hWJ‐MSC) are an emerging potential source of stem cells derived from the umbilical cord. Previous studies have shown their potential as treatment for traumatic brain injury and Parkinson’s disease. However, no study has yet investigated the effect of hWJ‐MSC injections in countering spatial learning and memory impairment in aging rats. The effect of hWJ‐MSC injection on young rats is also unknown. The objective of this research was to analyze the effect of an hWJ‐MSC injection on spatial learning, memory, density of putative neural progenitor cells (pNPC), and neuronal apoptosis in the dentate gyrus (DG) of young and aging rats. Injection of hWJ‐MSC did not change spatial learning and memory in young rats until two months post‐injection. This might be due to retained pNPC density and neuronal apoptosis in the DG of young rats after injection of hWJ‐MSC. In contrast, injection of hWJ‐MSC promoted both spatial learning and memory in aging rats, a finding that might be attributable to the increased pNPC density and attenuated neuronal apoptosis in DG of aging rats during the two months post‐injection. Our study suggests that a single injection of hWJ‐MSC might be sufficient to promote improvement in long‐term learning and memory in aging rats.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of offline learning assisted by the Serli practicum module on the solar system material on the learning motivation of sixth-grade students of SD Inpres Lolu. The type of this research is quantitative research with experimental research type using a Quasi-experimental method with a Quasi-experimental design. The subjects in this study were students of class VI SD Inpres Lolu totaling 21 people. There were 11 experimental class students and 10 control class students. Data collection was carried out using a research instrument in the form of a questionnaire, and data analysis using prerequisite tests, namely normality test and homogeneity test and hypothesis testing using unpaired test sample t-test which was analyzed using SPSS Statistics version 25. Based on the results of this study showed a significant value of paired sample T-Test 0.000

This research aims to evaluate the safety of ethanolic extract of Acalypha hispida (A. hispida) leaves with acute toxicity test using 15 female rats strain Sprague-Dawley. A single dose of different doses of extract (2, 4, 8, and 16 g/kg body weight) was administrated orally, and the observation was conducted for 14 days. The results revealed that the ethanolic extract of A. hispida leaves was relatively harmless (LD50 16 g/kg BW), did not affect body weight, and did not show clinical signs of toxicity during the observation periods. The parameters of blood serum biochemistry of all extract-treated groups (alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, creatinine, and urea) did not change significantly compared to the control group. The histological observation of the liver showed a significant increase in eosinophilic cytoplasm and basophilic nuclei at all doses. However, the ethanolic extract of A. hispida leaves did not significantly affect glomerulus/Bowman’s capsule ratio, glomerular cell density, and the proportion of normal cell tubule. In conclusion, the ethanolic extract of A. hispida leaves was relatively harmless with LD5016 g/kg BW and seems to be safe in low doses (2 g/kg BW).

Breast cancer (BC) is the number one cause of deaths from cancer in women. Metastasis in BC is caused by immunosurveillance deficiency, including impairment of Natural Killer (NK) cell maturation, low NK activity, and decreasing cytotoxicity. This study was performed to improve activating receptors and cytotoxicity of NK cells using interleukin 15 (IL15) against BC cells. Human recombinant IL15 was used to induce NK cells. To evaluate the potential of IL15 in inducing NK cells, we measured the activating and inhibiting receptors (NKG2D, NKG2A), apoptotic potency of NK cells on BC cells (MCF7) using transwell assay. The IL15 inducer on the NK cell were measured NKG2D, NKG2A gene expression with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR), (GzmB) secretion using ELISA, apoptotic gene expression of MCF7 using qPCR. IL15 increased NKG2D expression 4.01-9.13%, but IL15 could not affect toward NKG2A expression on NK cells. IL15-activated NK cells, inhibited BC cells proliferation, induced apoptotic BC cells 25.89-32.19%, induced apoptotic genes of BC cells bax, p53. IL15 increase NK activating receptor (NKG2D), inhibit BC cells proliferation, induce apoptotic percentage and induce apoptotic gene expression.

Rujak cingur adalah makanan tradisional asli Indonesia yang sangat berpotensi untuk dikembangkan. Waktu yang dibutuhkan untuk pembuatan bumbu satu porsi rujak cingur cukup lama. Oleh karena itu perlu dilakukan suatu upaya yakni dengan membuat bumbu rujak cingur instan. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode RAK (Rancangan Acak Kelompok) dengan 2 faktor, yaitu perlakuan pengovenan bumbu segar dan lama pemanasan bumbu akhir. Data dianalisis dengan ANOVA kemudian dilanjut dengan uji BNT dan DMRT taraf 5% serta uji organoleptik skala hedonik. Perlakuan terbaik didapatkan pada perlakuan pengovenan bumbu segar dan lama pemanasan bumbu akhir 1.5 menit dengan kadar air 25.22%, Aw 0.72, kadar lemak 15.66%, angka peroksida 3.95 meq/kg, kekerasan 3.90 N, kecerahan 20.90, Total Plate Count 2.0x103 CFU/g, nilai rasa 3.61, aroma 3.60, dan warna 3.56.

Background: Renal biopsy is one of the most commonly performed diagnostic procedures in the nephrology unit. Nurses play a very important role in pre-biopsy preparation, assisting during procedure and post-biopsy care. Nursing care provided during or after renal biopsy is of utmost importance in reducing complications. The study aims to perform a clinical audit of nursing practices to find the gaps in existing practices for the procedure of assisting renal biopsy and to develop standard protocol., Materials and Methods: This descriptive observational study was conducted on 19 nurses who were working in the nephrology unit of the tertiary care center. They were enrolled through total enumerative sampling. Sociodemographic profile and clinical profile were collected. The observation checklist was formed based on standard nursing practices, which included three dimensions for the procedure of assisting renal biopsy. Based on the gaps identified, a standard protocol was developed. Nurses were observed during two shifts and each nurse was observed once. Scoring of items was done in each dimension and for acceptable practices, nurses have to score ≥80% in each dimension. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics., Results: The majority of nurses (73.7%) have not undergone any special training in nephrology. None (100%) showed an acceptable level of nursing practices for all the dimensions of assisting renal biopsy procedure. Standard protocol was developed by the researcher following a rigorous process., Conclusion: The clinical audit found that there were gaps in the existing nursing practices for the procedure of assisting renal biopsy and these gaps have been addressed by the development of a standard protocol., Competing Interests: There are no conflicts of interest., (© 2024 Indian Journal of Nephrology | Published by Scientific Scholar.)

Background Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is a skill-oriented training programme required to be practised and updated periodically by every healthcare provider. Methods In an open-label randomized controlled trial, 81 fourth-year BSc Nursing students were randomized to experimental (n=41) and control (n=40) groups using a computer-generated table. The learning resource material was shared through a mobile-app with the experimental group (EG) and the control group (CG) received the internet link for retrieving the learning resource material, 4 days before a 1-day training programme. Baseline knowledge and skills assessment of the students was done before the commencement of the training programme, using a pre-validated self-developed questionnaire based on standardized CPR guidelines of professional bodies. Post-intervention assessment of knowledge, skills, confidence and satisfaction of the students with the training methodology was done at the end of the training programme. The confidence and satisfaction of the students with the training methodology were assessed using a standardized confidence scale and a self-developed satisfaction scale, respectively. Results The baseline knowledge and skills scores of the students were comparable (EG v. CG, knowledge: 16.04 [2.35] v. 15.52 [2.69], p=0.34; skill: 13.41 [5.28] v. 15.02 [4.66], p=0.16). A comparable improvement was seen in post-intervention knowledge and skills scores between the groups (EG v. CG, knowledge 17.78 [1.49] v. 17.70 [1.51], p=0.82; skill 29.85 [2.44] v. 30.08 [2.79], p=0.60). The post-intervention confidence in performing the skills (20.22 [2.76] v. 19.41 [3.63], p=0.331) and satisfaction with the method of dissemination of educational resource material (29.85 [2.4] v. 30.08 [2.79], p=0.73) were also comparable in both the groups. Conclusion Both mobile app-based and internet link-based learning resource material along with hands-on sessions were effective in bringing comparable improvement in knowledge, skills, self-confidence and satisfaction of students in performing the selected skills of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.

Objective: To summarize the available evidence and to quantitatively evaluate the global results of different waterproofing layers in substantiating the UCF repair., Material and Methods: After defining the study protocol, the review was conducted according to the PRISMA guidelines by a team comprising experts in hypospadiology, systematic reviews and meta-analysis, epidemiology, biostatistics and data science. Studies published from 2000 onwards, reporting on the results of UCF closure after hypospadias repair were searched for on PUBMED, Embase and Google Scholar. Study quality was assessed using Joanna Briggs Checklist (JBI) critical appraisal tool. The results with different techniques were compared with the two samples independent proportions test with the help of Microsoft Excel, MedCalc software and an online calculator., Results: Seventy-three studies were shortlisted for the synthesis; the final analysis included 2886 patients (71 studies) with UCF repair failure in 539. A summary of various dimensions involved with the UCF repair has been generated including time gap after last surgery, stent-vs-no stent, supra-pubic catheterization, suture material, suturing technique, associated anomalies, complications, etc. The success rates associated with different techniques were calculated and compared: simple catheterization (100%), simple primary closure (73.2%), dartos (78.8%), double dartos flaps (81%), scrotal flaps (94.6%), tunica vaginalis (94.3%), PATIO repair (93.5%), biomaterials or dermal substitutes (92%), biocompatible adhesives (56.5%) and skin-based flaps (54.5%). Several techniques were identified as solitary publications and discussed., Conclusions: Tunica vaginalis and scrotal flaps offer the best results after UCF closure in the synthesis. However, it is not possible to label any technique as ideal or perfect. Almost all popular waterproofing layers have depicted absolute (100%) success sometimes. There are a vast number of other factors (patient's local anatomy, surgeon's expertise and technical perspectives) which influence the final outcome., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: A systematic review and meta-analysis of the studies evaluating the utility of the Testicular Work-up for Ischemia and Suspected Torsion (TWIST) score in establishing or excluding the diagnosis of testicular torsion (TT) is herewith presented in an attempt to quantify the available evidence., Methods: The study protocol was outlined in advance. The review has been conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA). The PubMed, PUBMED Central, PMC databases & Scopus followed by Google (Scholar & search engine) were systematically interrogated with the keywords TWIST score, testis and testicular torsion. Fourteen sets of data (n = 1940) from 13 studies were included; data from 7 studies (giving a detailed score-wise break-up) (n = 1285) were dis-integrated and re-integrated to tweak the cut-offs for low and high risk., Results: For every 4 patients presenting to the Emergency Department (ED) with acute scrotum, one patient will eventually be diagnosed with TT. The mean TWIST score was higher in patients with testicular torsion (5.13 ± 1.53 vs 1.50 ± 1.40 for those without TT). TWIST score can be used to predict testicular torsion at cut-off of 5 with a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of 0.71 (0.66, 0.75; 95%CI), 0.97 (0.97, 0.98; 95%CI), 90.2%, 91.0%, and 90.9% respectively. While the slider for cut-off was shifted from 4 to 7, there was a rise in specificity and PPV of the test with a corresponding decline in sensitivity, NPV, and accuracy. The sensitivity witnessed a sharp decline from 0.86 (0.81-0.90; 95%CI) @ cut-off 4 to 0.18 (0.14-0.23; 95%CI) @ cut-off 7. The area under the SROC curve for cut-off 5 was more than that for cut-offs 4, 6 & 7. TWIST cut-off of 2 may be used to predict the absence of testicular torsion with a sensitivity, specificity, PPV, NPV, and accuracy of 0.76 (0.74, 0.78; 95%CI), 0.95 (0.93, 0.97; 95%CI), 97.9%, 56.5%, and 80.7%, respectively. While the cut-off is lowered from 3 to 0, there is a corresponding rise in the specificity and PPV, while the sensitivity, NPV, and accuracy are compromised. The sensitivity witnesses a sharp decline from 91 to 35%. The area under the SROC curve for cut-off 2 was more than that for cut-off @ 0, 1 or 3. The sum of sensitivity and specificity of TWIST scoring system to ascertain the diagnosis of TT is more than 1.5 for cut-off values 4 & 5 only. The sum of sensitivity and specificity of TWIST scoring system to confirm the absence of TT is more than 1.5 for cut-off values 3 & 2 only., Conclusion: TWIST is a relatively simple, flexible, and objective tool which may be swiftly administered even by the para-medical personnel in the ED. The overlapping clinical presentation of diseases originating from the same organ may prevent TWIST from absolutely establishing or refuting the diagnosis of TT in all the patients with acute scrotum. The proposed cut-offs are a trade-off between sensitivity and specificity. Yet, the TWIST scoring system is immensely helpful in the clinical decision-making process and saves time-lag associated with investigations in a significant majority of patients., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Background Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) is an evolving disease with newly generated evidence related to the clinical management of Covid-19 patients. We aimed to compare two online learning schedules for disseminating new cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) guidelines in terms of knowledge gain and acceptability among nurses. Methods In a prospective randomized controlled study, 61 nurses trained in comprehensive cardiopulmonary life support (CCLS) were randomized to synchronous (n=31) and asynchronous learning groups (n= 30). The enhanced training module on CPR (ETMCPR) prepared by a team of experts was used to impart training to the nurses. Baseline data and pre-intervention knowledge of participants were collected using a structured demographic sheet and knowledge questionnaire (25 items) in a google form. Nurses in the synchronous group were provided training using ETMCPR through a licensed Zoom platform, while the nurses in the asynchronous group had access to the uploaded ETMCPR module in the e-learning platform. At the end of the intervention, the knowledge of the nurses was assessed along with their acceptability to the online learning schedule. Results Both schedules of online learning were effective in improving the knowledge scores of the nurses (11.93 [3.26] v. 21.15 [1.90], p=0.01 and 11.71 [3.12] v. 20.32 [1.71], p=0.01). The mean acceptability scores of nurses in the asynchronous group were statistically lower than in the synchronous group (38.93 [2.50] v. 42.5 [3.08], p=0.007). Conclusion Both synchronous and asynchronous schedules of online learning were effective in disseminating updated CPR guidelines; however, nurses in the synchronous group were more satisfied with the learning schedule.

Introduction: Providing cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) to a coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patient is challenging for the healthcare providers (HCP). COVID-19 cases have specific CPR requirements, which differ from standard resuscitation efforts., Objective: This paper aims to evaluate whether online learning can be an effective methodology for imparting information on the management of cardiopulmonary arrest in COVID-19 patients due to a novel virus unknown to HCP based on evaluation of knowledge acquisition and satisfaction of the nurses in the new area of medicine and virology., Methodology: In a single-arm, one group before and after design, from a cohort of 160 nurses trained in comprehensive cardiac life support (CCLS) formulated by the Indian Resuscitation Council (IRC), 73 nurses participated in the study. After obtaining informed consent through the email from the nurses, baseline data including demographic profile and knowledge related to CPR in COVID-19 patients were collected. An online intervention spread over 1 week was given using a validated e-learning module. The online intervention was found to be effective (pre- and post-intervention knowledge score 13.65 ± 3.01 vs 19.92 ± 1.94, p = 0.001). The majority of nurses were highly satisfied with the content and the training methodology (37.23 ± 4.70)., Conclusion: A well-structured, online study material can be used in imparting knowledge and demonstrating the basic and essential skills to nurses, required for giving CPR to COVID-19 patients., How to Cite This Article: Joshi P, Das S, Thomas M, Mawar S, Garg R, Shariff A, et al. Dissemination of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training for Nurses Treating Coronavirus Disease-2019 Patients: A Single-arm Pre-experimental Study. Indian J Crit Care Med 2022;26(3):327-330., Competing Interests: Source of support: Nil Conflict of interest: None, (Copyright © 2022; Jaypee Brothers Medical Publishers (P) Ltd.)

Context: Elder abuse is a serious problem that has adverse consequence on health. Still, research on elder abuse is sparse in India., Aims: This study aimed to find the nature, prevalence, and factors such as depression and physical problems associated with elder abuse in an urban North Indian community., Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 222 elders with 97 males, aged 60 years or older residing in an urban community of Delhi. Elders were assessed for abuse by modified Vulnerability to Abuse Screening Scale questionnaire, Geriatric Depression Scale, and self-reported questions on health problems., Results: Mean age of the study population was 66.3 ± 4.2 years. The overall prevalence of any type of elder abuse was 24.3%. Psychological abuse was the most common type (22.9%) followed by financial abuse (5.8%), physical abuse (1.4%), and anti-constitutional abuse (nil). Among the abused, nearly 20% experienced more than one type of abuse. Thirty-seven women (30%) and 17 men (18%) reported elder abuse. Low income (

Background: Peritonitis in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is the leading cause of technique failure. Information on the impact of non-compliance in performing CAPD exchange on peritonitis is limited. We aimed to find the prevalence of non-compliance to the CAPD procedure and its influence on the incidence of peritonitis., Methods: This observational study included 30 adult patients undergoing CAPD. The CAPD exchange procedure was observed at home and assessed as per the structured checklist and categorized into poor, average and good compliance. The compliance was correlated with the episodes of peritonitis in previous 1 year., Results: The patients' mean age was 52 ± 13 years and the mean duration of CAPD was 2.1 ± 0.9 years. Only 16.5% of patients were good performers, while 67% were average performers, and 16.5% were poor performers. The technique skill was similar across all the steps of the procedure. The most common improperly performed steps were: not putting on a face mask in 68%, not flushing the tubing system in 60%, and not washing hands in 24%. Poor adherence to procedure was independent of age, gender, education and duration of dialysis. Ten episodes of peritonitis occurred in 5 patients over 1-year period. Peritonitis occurred in 60% of poor performers, whereas fully compliant patients had no peritonitis. Also 40% of the poorly compliant patients had multiple episodes of peritonitis., Conclusions: Poor compliance in performing the CAPD procedure is a modifiable risk factor for peritonitis. Adherence to recommended aseptic technique is the cornerstone of peritonitis prevention.