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WOS: 000470332600078 PubMed ID: 30980267 RELN gene encodes a large extracellular matrix protein which is critical for neuronal migration, cell positioning and cell-cell interactions. It also controls the synaptic plasticity of neurons for initiation and maintenance of long term potentiation. The aim of this study is to investigate the association of RELN rs7341475 variant with schizophrenia. Genomic DNA isolation was performed from 105 schizophrenic patients and 137 healthy controls to determine RELN rs7341475 genotypes. Genotype and allele frequencies were determined by a polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism method developed in our laboratory. Statistical analysis was performed using (2) test. The frequencies for G allele were 79.5% in cases and 81.0% in controls, for A allele 20.5% in cases and 19.0% in controls in the overall population. The genotype frequencies of the RELN gene rs7341475 variant were GG; 63.8%, GA; 31.4% and AA; 4.8% in cases, GG; 63.5%, GA; 35.0% and AA; 1.5% in controls in the overall population. There was no statistically significant association between the rs7341475 variant of RELN gene and schizophrenia in the overall population ((2)=2.473, p=0.290). In the gender specific analysis, female gender specific association was only found. The RELN rs7341475 variant GG genotype was significantly associated with schizophrenia (p=0.034, OR 2.760, 95% CI 1.058-7.197) and A allele was protective against schizophrenia (p=0.034, OR 0.362, 95% CI 0.139-0.945). All cases and controls were in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (p>0.05). Population size can be increased to improve the statistical power. Moreover, other RELN gene variants which are especially involved in neuronal migration and epigenetic regulation may be analyzed for revealing the complex genetic architecture of schizophrenia. In conclusion, there was only association between the RELN rs7341475 variant and schizophrenia in the female gender in a Turkish population. Kocaeli University [2011/68] This study was supported by Kocaeli University, Project No: 2011/68 to AS.