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Background Stroke remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Brazil. Epidemiological data suggest that 10% to 30% of all strokes are due to atherosclerotic carotid artery disease and 8% due to vertebral artery disease. Endovascular treatment of extracranial lesions is an alternative to endarterectomy. We evaluated the results and predictors of adverse events in patients undergoing carotid and vertebral artery stenting. Methods Asymptomatic patients with lesion > 70% or symptomatic patients with lesions > 50% in carotid arteries and symptomatic patients with lesion > 70% in vertebral arteries were included. We evaluated the primary endpoint, defined as the composite incidence of death (procedural or non-procedural), major stroke, minor stroke or myocardial infarction (MI). Results Two hundred and twenty-four interventions with stenting were performed in 199 consecutive patients with a prevalence of males (73.9%), 69.8 ± 9.9 years of age and 37.7% were diabetics. Symptomatic patients represented about two thirds of the cases and the most commonly treated lesions were de novo lesions (96.4%). The left (46%) and right (44.6%) internal carotid arteries were the most commonly approached vessels. Composite primary endpoint was observed in 5% of the patients, procedure-related mortality in 1%, non-procedure related mortality in 1%, minor stroke in 1.5% and MI in 1.5%. Patients with a history of coronary artery disease had a 4-fold probability of presenting the primary endpoint [odds ratio (OR) 4.32, 95% confidence interval (CI 95%) 1.09-17.21); P = 0.038]. Conclusions In our study we obtained a high success rate and had a low rate of adverse events, demonstrating the safety and efficacy of percutaneous stent implantation in the carotid and vertebral arteries.

INTRODUÇÃO: O acidente vascular encefálico (AVE) é a principal causa de morbidade e mortalidade no Brasil. Entre 10% e 30% dos AVEs estão associados à doença carotídea e 8%, à artéria vertebral. O tratamento endovascular das lesões extracranianas é alternativa à endarterectomia. Analisamos os resultados e avaliamos os preditores de eventos adversos em pacientes submetidos a angioplastia carotídea e vertebral com implante de stents. MÉTODOS: Incluídos assintomáticos com lesão > 70% ou sintomáticos com lesão > 50% em artérias carótidas e sintomáticos com lesão > 70% em artérias vertebrais. Avaliamos desfecho primário, definido como a incidência combinada de morte relacionada ou não ao procedimento, AVE maior, AVE menor ou infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). RESULTADOS: Realizadas 224 intervenções com implante de stents em 199 pacientes consecutivos, com predomínio do sexo masculino (73,9%), idade de 69,8 ± 9,9 anos e 37,7% eram diabéticos. Pacientes sintomáticos representaram cerca de dois terços dos casos e as lesões mais tratadas foram as lesões de novo (96,4%). As artérias carótidas internas esquerda (46%) e direita (44,6%) foram os vasos mais abordados. Desfecho combinado primário ocorreu em 5%, mortalidade relacionada ao procedimento em 1%, mortalidade não-relacionada ao procedimento em 1%, AVE menor em 1,5% e IAM em 1,5%. Pacientes com antecedente de doença arterial coronária mostraram chance de apresentar desfecho primário 4 vezes maior [odds ratio (OR) 4,32, intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC 95%) 1,09-17,21; P = 0,038]. CONCLUSÕES: Em nosso estudo obtivemos alto índice de sucesso e baixa ocorrência de eventos adversos, que demonstram a segurança e a eficácia do implante percutâneo de stent em artérias carótidas e vertebrais. BACKGROUND: Stroke remains the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in Brazil. Epidemiological data suggest that 10% to 30% of all strokes are due to atherosclerotic carotid artery disease and 8% due to vertebral artery disease. Endovascular treatment of extracranial lesions is an alternative to endarterectomy. We evaluated the results and predictors of adverse events in patients undergoing carotid and vertebral artery stenting. METHODS: Asymptomatic patients with lesion > 70% or symptomatic patients with lesions > 50% in carotid arteries and symptomatic patients with lesion > 70% in vertebral arteries were included. We evaluated the primary endpoint, defined as the composite incidence of death (procedural or non-procedural), major stroke, minor stroke or myocardial infarction (MI). RESULTS: Two hundred and twenty-four interventions with stenting were performed in 199 consecutive patients with a prevalence of males (73.9%), 69.8 ± 9.9 years of age and 37.7% were diabetics. Symptomatic patients represented about two thirds of the cases and the most commonly treated lesions were de novo lesions (96.4%). The left (46%) and right (44.6%) internal carotid arteries were the most commonly approached vessels. Composite primary endpoint was observed in 5% of the patients, procedure-related mortality in 1%, non-procedure related mortality in 1%, minor stroke in 1.5% and MI in 1.5%. Patients with a history of coronary artery disease had a 4-fold probability of presenting the primary endpoint [odds ratio (OR) 4.32, 95% confidence interval (CI 95%) 1.09-17.21); P = 0.038]. CONCLUSIONS: In our study we obtained a high success rate and had a low rate of adverse events, demonstrating the safety and efficacy of percutaneous stent implantation in the carotid and vertebral arteries.

INTRODUÇÃO: O infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM) permanece com elevados índices de morbidade e mortalidade e representa problema de saúde pública. Analisamos os resultados e os preditores de risco de eventos adversos hospitalares em pacientes submetidos a intervenção coronária percutânea (ICP) eletiva pós-fibrinólise. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 303 pacientes com diagnóstico de IAM submetidos a reperfusão farmacológica e transferidos para um centro terciário para realização de ICP eletiva. RESULTADOS: A população era predominantemente masculina (76,6%), com média de idade de 59,4 + 11,1 anos, 18,1% eram diabéticos e 86,8% estavam em Killip I. Estreptoquinase foi empregada em 91,7%, o tempo médio de realização da ICP eletiva foi de 5,6 + 3,7 dias após a fibrinólise e o fluxo TIMI 3 (74,2%) foi o mais prevalente. Os stents foram implantados em 97,7% dos pacientes e o sucesso angiográfico foi de 95,3%. Mortalidade ocorreu em 3,3% dos pacientes; reinfarto, em 3,6%; revascularização da lesão-alvo, em 1,3%; e sangramentos maiores, em 2%. A análise multivariada apontou sexo feminino, idade > 65 anos, fluxo TIMI 1, presença de trombos no vaso tratado, Killip > I e disfunção grave do ventrículo esquerdo como preditores independentes de eventos adversos hospitalares. CONCLUSÕES: A estratégia de reperfusão farmacológica seguida de transferência para realização de ICP apresenta baixas taxas de eventos adversos hospitalares e é alternativa interessante à ICP primária no cenário nacional. Necessita, no entanto, políticas públicas para aperfeiçoar a logística de manuseio desses pacientes e dispô-la de maneira eficiente a todos os hospitais de baixa e média complexidades nacionais. BACLGROUND: Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has a high morbidity and mortality and represents a public health problem. We analyzed the results and predictors of in-hospital adverse events in patients undergoing elective percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) after fibrinolysis. METHODS: Three hundred and three patients with diagnosis of AMI undergoing pharmacological reperfusion and transferred to a tertiary center for elective PCI were selected. RESULTS: The population included mostly men (76.6%), with mean age of 59.4 + 11.1 years, 18.1% were diabetic and 86.8% were in Killip class I. Streptokinase was used in 91.7%, the mean time to perform elective PCI was 5.6 + 3.7 days after fibrinolysis and TIMI 3 flow was achieved in 74.2% of the patients. Stents were implanted in 97.7% and angiographic success was obtained in 95.3% of the cases. Mortality was observed in 3.3%, reinfarction in 3.6%, target lesion revascularization in 1.3%, and major bleedings in 2% of the patients. Multivariate analysis indicated female gender, age > 65 years, TIMI 1 flow, thrombus in the treated vessel, Killip > I and severe left ventricular dysfunction were independent predictors of in-hospital adverse events. CONCLUSIONS: The pharmacological reperfusion strategy followed by transfer to perform elective PCI had low in-hospital adverse event rates and is an interesting alternative to primary PCI in Brazil. However, public policies are required to improve the logistics to better handle these patients and have them available to all low and medium complexity national hospitals.

Os relatos científicos a respeito da isquemia arterial mesentérica sugerem que essa doença é pouco entendida, muito pouco diagnosticada e raramente tratada, apesar de sua alta letalidade. O prognóstico da isquemia mesentérica dependerá do rápido restabelecimento do fluxo sanguíneo, seja por meio de medidas clínicas, cirúrgicas, endovasculares ou da combinação destas. Neste artigo revisam-se as principais evidências diagnósticas da isquemia mesentérica bem como as opções terapêuticas disponíveis, incluindo a intervenção percutânea como método alternativo à cirurgia, que é associada a significativas taxas de morbidade e mortalidade. Scientific reports on mesenteric arterial ischemia suggest that the disease is not thoroughly understood, is poorly diagnosed and rarely treated, despite its high lethality. The prognosis of mesenteric ischemia depends on a fast restoration of blood flow, which may be achieved by clinical, surgical and endovascular management or by a combination of all them. This article reviews the diagnostic evidence of mesenteric ischemia and the available therapeutic options including percutaneous intervention as an alternative method to surgery, which is associated to significant mortality and morbidity rates.