133 results on '"Mauro Fà"'
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2. Synaptic and memory dysfunction induced by tau oligomers is rescued by up-regulation of the nitric oxide cascade
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Erica Acquarone, Elentina K. Argyrousi, Manon van den Berg, Walter Gulisano, Mauro Fà, Agnieszka Staniszewski, Elisa Calcagno, Elisa Zuccarello, Luciano D’Adamio, Shi-Xian Deng, Daniela Puzzo, Ottavio Arancio, and Jole Fiorito
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Tau oligomers ,Nitric oxide ,Soluble guanylyl cyclase ,PDE5 ,Protein kinase G ,CREB ,Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system ,RC346-429 ,Geriatrics ,RC952-954.6 - Abstract
Abstract Background Soluble aggregates of oligomeric forms of tau protein (oTau) have been associated with impairment of synaptic plasticity and memory in Alzheimer’s disease. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying the synaptic and memory dysfunction induced by elevation of oTau are still unknown. Methods This work used a combination of biochemical, electrophysiological and behavioral techniques. Biochemical methods included analysis of phosphorylation of the cAMP-responsive element binding (CREB) protein, a transcriptional factor involved in memory, histone acetylation, and expression immediate early genes c-Fos and Arc. Electrophysiological methods included assessment of long-term potentiation (LTP), a type of synaptic plasticity thought to underlie memory formation. Behavioral studies investigated both short-term spatial memory and associative memory. These phenomena were examined following oTau elevation. Results Levels of phospho-CREB, histone 3 acetylation at lysine 27, and immediate early genes c-Fos and Arc, were found to be reduced after oTau elevation during memory formation. These findings led us to explore whether up-regulation of various components of the nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathway impinging onto CREB is capable of rescuing oTau-induced impairment of plasticity, memory, and CREB phosphorylation. The increase of NO levels protected against oTau-induced impairment of LTP through activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase. Similarly, the elevation of cGMP levels and stimulation of the cGMP-dependent protein kinases (PKG) re-established normal LTP after exposure to oTau. Pharmacological inhibition of cGMP degradation through inhibition of phosphodiesterase 5 (PDE5), rescued oTau-induced LTP reduction. These findings could be extrapolated to memory because PKG activation and PDE5 inhibition rescued oTau-induced memory impairment. Finally, PDE5 inhibition re-established normal elevation of CREB phosphorylation and cGMP levels after memory induction in the presence of oTau. Conclusions Up-regulation of CREB activation through agents acting on the NO cascade might be beneficial against tau-induced synaptic and memory dysfunctions.
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- 2019
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3. Dynamin 1 is required for memory formation.
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Mauro Fà, Agnieszka Staniszewski, Faisal Saeed, Yitshak I Francis, and Ottavio Arancio
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Dynamin 1-3 isoforms are known to be involved in endocytotic processes occurring during synaptic transmission. No data has directly linked dynamins yet with normal animal behavior. Here we show that dynamin pharmacologic inhibition markedly impairs hippocampal-dependent associative memory. Memory loss was associated with changes in synaptic function occurring during repetitive stimulation that is thought to be linked with memory induction. Synaptic fatigue was accentuated by dynamin inhibition. Moreover, dynamin inhibition markedly reduced long-term potentiation, post-tetanic potentiation, and neurotransmitter released during repetitive stimulation. Most importantly, the effect of dynamin inhibition onto memory and synaptic plasticity was due to a specific involvement of the dynamin 1 isoform, as demonstrated through a genetic approach with siRNA against this isoform to temporally block it. Taken together, these findings identify dynamin 1 as a key protein for modulation of memory and release evoked by repetitive activity.
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- 2014
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4. La libertad como precondición del desarrollo económico
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Mauro Fazzini
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gremios ,artesanos ,protoindustria ,regulacion productiva ,History (General) ,D1-2009 - Abstract
En el presente artículo nos proponemos realizar un extenso recorrido historiográfico con vistas a dar cuenta de la visión tradicional relativa al desempeño económico de las corporaciones de artesanos, desde Adam Smith hasta la teoría de la protoindustrialización. Buscaremos dar cuenta de la evolución de la tesis según la cual estas instituciones suponen un obstáculo para el desarrollo económico, en oposición al espacio rural donde la libertad, entendida como ausencia de regulación, resulta condición suficiente para el florecimiento de la actividad comercial e industrial que conduce a procesos acumulativos.
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- 2024
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5. Psoriatic Arthritis Acceptable Symptoms State: Does Sex Make a Difference?
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Silvia Scriffignano, Fabio Massimo Perrotta, Mauro Fatica, Paola Conigliaro, Maria Sole Chimenti, and Ennio Lubrano
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Psoriatic arthritis ,Patient Acceptable Symptoms State (PASS) ,Clinical outcomes ,Sex differences ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 - Abstract
Abstract Introduction The Patient Acceptable Symptoms State (PASS) is a validated instrument that is used to assess whether a patient with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) accepts her/his disease status by asking them a simple question: “Think about all the ways your PsA has affected you during the last 48 h. If you were to remain in the next few months as you were during the last 48 h, would this be acceptable to you?” The aim of the present study was to explore any PASS differences in patients with PsA based on sex by looking at the corresponding thresholds of Disease Activity for Psoriatic Arthritis (DAPSA), Psoriatic Arthritis Impact of the Disease-12 (PsAID-12) and the Health Assessment Questionnaire—Disability Index (HAQ-DI) in female and male patients. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that included two PsA cohorts. To identify the DAPSA, PsAID and HAQ-DI thresholds that differentiated patients who reported “yes” in response to the PASS question from those who reported “no,” we used the receiver operating characteristic curves both for the female and male sexes. Moreover, Cohen’s kappa test was used to determine the agreement of a PASS “yes” with DAPSA ≤ 14, PsAID ≤ 4 and HAQ-DI ≤ 0.5. Results Three-hundred ten patients were considered for the study. The DAPSA, PsAID-12 and HAQ-DI thresholds that differentiated PASS “yes” patients from PASS “no” patients were 11.7, 1.85 and 0.625 in male patients and 13.3, 3.85 and 0.750 in female patients, respectively. A PASS “yes” and DAPSA ≤ 14 showed moderate agreement in males (kappa = 0.56) and good agreement in females (kappa = 0.80); the agreement between a PASS “yes” and PsAID ≤ 4 and between a PASS “yes” and HAQ-DI ≤ 0.5 was higher in female patients (moderate). Conclusion Female patients accept their disease at higher DAPSA, PsAID and HAQ-DI values than male patients do. The clinical meaning of this could be that a female patient generally has a greater global disease acceptance inclination. Therefore, this study further supports the concept that sex differences are present in patients with PsA.
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- 2024
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6. Gobernar el trabajo: la elite de la corporación pelaire y la industria textil de Murcia (1370-1500)
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Mauro Fazzini
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industria textil ,murcia ,pelaires ,verlagssystem ,autoridad ,gremios ,protoindustria ,regulación industrial ,Medieval history ,D111-203 - Abstract
El presente trabajo pretende examinar el fatigoso proceso de construcción de la capacidad de mando de los señores del paño pertenecientes a la corporación pelaire en la industria textil de Murcia, entre 1370 y 1500. Partimos de la existencia de condiciones técnicas que permiten la emergencia de acumuladores capitalistas que operan a modo de Verlegers al controlar las materias primas y entregarlas para su elaboración a cambio de un salario. La pañería presenta un proceso productivo fragmentado, integrado por múltiples eslabones, que requiere de agentes que le den cohesión, a partir de coordinar y supervisar el trabajo de los diversos artesanos involucrados en cada fase. De igual modo, estos agentes resultan imprescindibles para la comercialización del producto final. No obstante, el carácter descentralizado de la producción implica la inexistencia de mecanismos de control intrínsecos al proceso de trabajo. De allí que la jerarquía industrial deba ser construida de forma fatigosa y conflictiva. En el caso que nos ocupa, veremos que la elite del gremio pelaire dispondrá del aparato corporativo para construir su poder de mando sobre el trabajo, extendiendo su jurisdicción sobre los demás colectivos artesanales de la ciudad de Murcia. De este modo logrará imponer nuevas pautas productivas, acordes a sus necesidades de acumulación, que ocasionarán un desarrollo cualitativo de la industria textil murciana. Igualmente, buscará implementar mecanismos de supervisión institucionales para garantizar el cumplimiento de dichas pautas. Esto nos alejará de la historiografía tradicional que analiza a las corporaciones de artesanos como un obstáculo para el desarrollo capitalista. Por el contrario, veremos que la corporación pelaire resulta fundamental para este.
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- 2024
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7. Four-year real-world experience of secukinumab in a large Italian cohort of axial spondyloarthritis
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Roberta Ramonda, Mariagrazia Lorenzin, Maria Sole Chimenti, Salvatore D’Angelo, Antonio Marchesoni, Carlo Selmi, Ennio Lubrano, Leonardo Santo, Michele Maria Luchetti Gentiloni, Fabiola Atzeni, Alberto Cauli, Maria Manara, Maurizio Rossini, Roberta Foti, Giacomo Cozzi, Laura Scagnellato, Mario Ferraioli, Antonio Carriero, Nicoletta Luciano, Francesca Ruzzon, Mauro Fatica, Elena Fracassi, Andrea Doria, Rosario Foti, and Antonio Carletto
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axial spondyloarthritis ,r-axSpA/nr-axSpA biological therapy ,secukinumab (IL17i) ,IL17i effectiveness ,IL17i safety ,IL17i drug retention rate ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate in a real-life Italian multicenter cohort of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) (1) the 4-year effectiveness and safety of secukinumab, (2) the drug retention rate (DRR), and (3) the impact of the line of bDMARDs treatment, subtype of axSpA, and sex on achieving low disease activity (LDA) and very low disease activity (VLDA).MethodsConsecutive axSpA patients receiving secukinumab between 2016 and 2023 were prospectively evaluated. Data on disease characteristics, previous/ongoing treatments, comorbidities, and follow-up duration were collected. Treatment response was evaluated at 6 and 12 months after initiation and yearly up to 48 months (T48). DRR and effectiveness outcomes were evaluated according to bDMARDs treatment, axSpA subtype, and sex. Infections and adverse events (AEs) were recorded.ResultsWe enrolled 272 patients (48.2% male; median age, 51; 39.7% HLA-B27+; 40.4% nr-axSpA), of whom 30.9% were naïve to secukinumab. Overall, secukinumab yielded improvement in effectiveness outcomes; the naïve patients maintained lower disease activity vs. the non-naïve ones. At T48, the LDA and VLDA rates were higher in naïve patients and in male individuals. Treatment was discontinued in 104 patients due to primary/secondary loss of effectiveness and in 34 patients due to AEs. The DRR at T48 was 67.4% in the whole population, regardless of treatment line, axSpA subtype, and sex.ConclusionsSecukinumab was safe and effective in all axSpA patients irrespective of treatment line, disease subtype, and sex. The patients achieved sustained 4-year remission and DRR.
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- 2024
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8. A Generative Adversarial Network (GAN) Fingerprint Approach Over LTE
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Luigi Serreli, Mauro Fadda, Roberto Girau, Pietro Ruiu, Daniele D. Giusto, and Matteo Anedda
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Fingerprinting ,generative adversarial network ,LTE ,localization ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
Recent advancements in communication technologies have significantly enhanced localization techniques, improving both accuracy and operating modes. Initially, localization methods relied on global navigation satellite systems, offering high accuracy but proving inefficient in Non-Line-of-Sight scenarios. Furthermore, the absence of a passive mode, where the user can be localized without explicitly requesting it, renders these methods unsuitable for applications like passive tracking systems. Fingerprinting methods, a pattern matching techniques based on signal power estimation from target devices and distance estimation from reference points, can be seen as a valid and promising alternative. However, these methods face limitations due to extensive measurement campaigns needed to establish accurate sampling systems within specific areas and the substantial amount of data required for machine learning algorithms to achieve optimal performance. This study introduces a novel fingerprinting method capable of passive operation, involving all smartphones within a designated area, suitable for both indoor and outdoor scenarios. The proposed solution leverages Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to augment fingerprinting datasets, enhancing machine learning models’ capabilities. Additionally, the offline phase’s cost-effectiveness is improved by integrating a Bayesian system as a secondary machine learning component.
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- 2024
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9. Uniss-FGD: A Novel Dataset of Human Gazes Over Images of Faces
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Pietro Ruiu, Mauro Fadda, Andrea Lagorio, Seth Nixon, Matteo Anedda, Enrico Grosso, and Marinella Iole Cadoni
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Human gazes ,vision transformers ,handcrafted features ,human faces ,visual attention ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
Face detection and recognition play pivotal roles across various domains, spanning from personal authentication to forensic investigations, surveillance, entertainment, and social media. In our interconnected world, pinpointing an individual’s identity amidst millions remains a formidable challenge. While contemporary face recognition techniques now rival or even surpass human accuracy in critical scenarios like border identity control, they do so at the expense of poor explainability, leaving the underlying causes of errors largely unresolved. Moreover, they demand substantial computational resources and a plethora of labeled samples for training. Drawing inspiration from the remarkably efficient human visual system, particularly in localizing and recognizing faces, holds promise for developing more efficient and interpretable systems, with high gains in scenarios where misidentification can yield grave consequences. In this context, we introduce the Uniss-FGD dataset, which captures gaze data from observers presented with facial images depicting diverse expressions. In view of the potential uses of Uniss-FGD, we propose two baseline experiments on a subset of the dataset in which we perform a comparative analysis juxtaposing the attention mechanisms of ViTs, multi-scale handcrafted features, and human observers when viewing facial images. These preliminary comparisons pave the way to future investigation into the integration of human attention dynamics into advanced and diverse image analysis frameworks. Beyond the realms of Computer Science, numerous research disciplines stand to benefit from the rich gaze data encapsulated in this dataset.
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- 2024
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10. Impact of biological therapy in reducing the risk of arthritis development in inflammatory bowel diseases
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Paola Conigliaro, Maria Sole Chimenti, Paola Triggianese, Alberto Bergamini, Mauro Fatica, Benedetta Monosi, Arianna D’Antonio, Sara Essofi, Elisa Cuccagna, Livia Biancone, Giovanni Monteleone, and Emma Calabrese
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Medicine - Abstract
Objective Evaluate spondyloarthritis (SpA) incidence in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) between patients treated with biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and conventional DMARDs (cDMARDs) and define risk factors associated with SpA development.Methods Retrospective cohort study was conducted on patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC) and divided into two cohorts: cDMARDs or bDMARDs/targeted synthetic (ts) DMARDs treated patients. Rheumatological assessment was performed in patients presenting musculoskeletal symptoms. Multivariate analysis and Kaplan-Meier curves were used to evaluate the adjusted SpA risk development.Results 507 patients were included in the study. 176 patients with CD received bDMARDs, 112 cDMARDs and 106 new SpA diagnosies were formulated. Females (OR 1.7 (95% CI 1.1 to 3), adjusted p=0.04), non-stricturing/non-penetrating phenotype (OR 2 (95% CI 1.1 to 3.4), adjusted p=0.01), psoriasis (OR 2.1 (95% CI 1 to 4.6), adjusted p=0.04) and non-infectious uveitis (OR 6.8 (95% CI 1.4 to 33.4), adjusted p=0.01) were associated with increased SpA risk development, while bDMARDs usage was protective (OR 0.4 (95% CI 0.2 to 0.8), adjusted p=0.01), statistically higher than cDMARDs throughout the entire follow-up (effect size 0.47). 98 patients with UC received b-tsDMARDs, 121 cDMARDs and 56 new SpA diagnoses were formulated. Females (OR 2.1 (95% CI 1 to 4.3), adjusted p=0.02) and psoriasis (OR 2.7 (95% CI 1 to 6.8), adjusted p=0.03) were associated with increased SpA risk development, while bDMARDs were protective for SpA development for up to 12 months of treatment compared with cDMARDs (p=0.03).Conclusions bDMARDs treatment had an impact in reducing SpA development and clinical associated risk factors to transition from IBD to IBD-SpA emerged.
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- 2024
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11. Efficient magnetic switching in a correlated spin glass
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Juraj Krempaský, Gunther Springholz, Sunil Wilfred D’Souza, Ondřej Caha, Martin Gmitra, Andreas Ney, C. A. F. Vaz, Cinthia Piamonteze, Mauro Fanciulli, Dominik Kriegner, Jonas A. Krieger, Thomas Prokscha, Zaher Salman, Jan Minár, and J. Hugo Dil
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Science - Abstract
Abstract The interplay between spin-orbit interaction and magnetic order is one of the most active research fields in condensed matter physics and drives the search for materials with novel, and tunable, magnetic and spin properties. Here we report on a variety of unique and unexpected observations in thin multiferroic Ge1−x Mn x Te films. The ferrimagnetic order parameter in this ferroelectric semiconductor is found to switch direction under magnetostochastic resonance with current pulses many orders of magnitude lower as for typical spin-orbit torque systems. Upon a switching event, the magnetic order spreads coherently and collectively over macroscopic distances through a correlated spin-glass state. Utilizing these observations, we apply a novel methodology to controllably harness this stochastic magnetization dynamics.
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- 2023
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12. Metaverse & Human Digital Twin: Digital Identity, Biometrics, and Privacy in the Future Virtual Worlds
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Pietro Ruiu, Michele Nitti, Virginia Pilloni, Marinella Cadoni, Enrico Grosso, and Mauro Fadda
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Metaverse ,Human Digital Twin ,privacy ,digital identity ,wearable ,Technology ,Science - Abstract
Driven by technological advances in various fields (AI, 5G, VR, IoT, etc.) together with the emergence of digital twins technologies (HDT, HAL, BIM, etc.), the Metaverse has attracted growing attention from scientific and industrial communities. This interest is due to its potential impact on people lives in different sectors such as education or medicine. Specific solutions can also increase inclusiveness of people with disabilities that are an impediment to a fulfilled life. However, security and privacy concerns remain the main obstacles to its development. Particularly, the data involved in the Metaverse can be comprehensive with enough granularity to build a highly detailed digital copy of the real world, including a Human Digital Twin of a person. Existing security countermeasures are largely ineffective and lack adaptability to the specific needs of Metaverse applications. Furthermore, the virtual worlds in a large-scale Metaverse can be highly varied in terms of hardware implementation, communication interfaces, and software, which poses huge interoperability difficulties. This paper aims to analyse the risks and opportunities associated with adopting digital replicas of humans (HDTs) within the Metaverse and the challenges related to managing digital identities in this context. By examining the current technological landscape, we identify several open technological challenges that currently limit the adoption of HDTs and the Metaverse. Additionally, this paper explores a range of promising technologies and methodologies to assess their suitability within the Metaverse context. Finally, two example scenarios are presented in the Medical and Education fields.
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- 2024
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13. De la circulación a la producción: el capital genovés y la industria del tinte en Murcia (1380-1470)
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Mauro Fazzini
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capital comercial ,mercaderes genoveses ,pastel ,industria del tinte ,History (General) and history of Europe ,History (General) ,D1-2009 ,Medieval history ,D111-203 - Abstract
El presente trabajo se propone indagar en la penetración del capital genovés en la industria del tinte murciana entre 1380 y 1470. Particularmente, analizaremos el modo en el que el capital genovés se sirve de su condición de importador monopólico de colorantes para tratar de desplazar a los maestros tintoreros locales de la gestión de las casas de tinte de la ciudad. Los mercaderes italianos apuntan a lograr la integración vertical del tintado. De esto se sigue una intensa disputa con los maestros murcianos, quienes gozan de una notable capacidad para resistir esta afrenta. El análisis empírico nos llevará a alejarnos de los supuestos de la historiografía marxista tradicional que establecen una separación rígida entre circulación y producción. Frente a este planteamiento, nos serviremos de los novedosos aportes de Jairus Banaji, quien destaca el desarrollo de funciones productivas por parte del capital comercial.
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- 2023
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14. Risankizumab Efficacy in Synovitis, Acne, Pustulosis, Hyperostosis, and Osteitis (SAPHO) Remission: A Case Report on Rheumatologic and Dermatologic Disease Manifestations with Literature Review
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Mario Ferraioli, Luigi Fiannacca, Elisabetta Greco, Eneida Cela, Mauro Fatica, Alberto Bergamini, and Maria Sole Chimenti
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Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
SAPHO syndrome is a complex disease that encompasses both inflammatory arthritis and/or osteitis and dermatologic manifestations. It is considered a rare disease, in fact, no clinical trials have been conducted on its therapy and management. Therefore, therapeutic approach is based on small case studies. Here, we described the case of a 63-year-old woman affected by SAPHO syndrome, treated with the selective IL-23p19 antagonist, Risankizumab, after unsuccessful therapies with Methotrexate, Infliximab, Adalimumab, and an allergic reaction to Secukinumab. At the beginning of therapy, in November 2022, the patient presented with arthritis in both knees associated with palmar pustulosis and guttate psoriasis on the trunk. DAPSA score was 24, PtGA 80 mm, PASI score 11.1, and BSA 40%. Thereafter, Risankizumab was started at the standard dosage of 150 mg. At week 24 patient achieved clinical remission, DAPSA score was 8, PtGA was 30 mm, PASI was 1, and BSA 2.5. Patient maintained clinical remission state at the subsequent week 52 evaluation. At the same time, the patient did not report any adverse effects. Health-related quality of life was also assessed at the same time points aforementioned, showing significant improvement. In conclusion, this case report wants to point out the efficacy and safety of Risankizumab in SAPHO syndrome, reporting a sustained disease remission through a 12 months long follow-up period. We can consider IL-23p19 targeted therapy as a novel treatment option for SAPHO—with a high efficacy potential—especially on patients that have already been treated with other biologics.
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- 2024
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15. Proceso productivo y Verlagssystem: la industria textil de Murcia durante la Baja Edad Media
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Mauro Fazzini
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Producción textil ,Artesanado ,Verlagssystem ,Murcia ,Siglos XIV y XV ,History (General) ,D1-2009 - Abstract
El presente artículo se propone indagar en las condiciones técnicas de la producción textil de la ciudad de Murcia durante la Baja Edad Media, con el objeto de dar cuenta de las condiciones específicas que permiten el desarrollo de relaciones capitalistas de producción. En contraste con la imagen tradicional del artesano aislado que reúne en su taller las condiciones para ejecutar la totalidad del proceso productivo, daremos cuenta de una cadena productiva fragmentada, compuesta por una gran cantidad de operaciones diversas entre sí, ejecutadas por trabajadores con niveles dispares de calificación. Como demostraremos, tamaña fragmentación del proceso productivo constituye el fundamento material que permite el accionar de capitalistas que, actuando a modo de Verlegers, coordinan y cohesionan las operaciones de los artesanos.
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- 2023
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16. Five decades of breeding populations census for 12 species of colonial waterbirds in northwestern Italy
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Mauro Fasola, Daniele Pellitteri-Rosa, Guido Pinoli, Gianfranco Alessandria, Eleonora Boncompagni, Giovanni Boano, Anna Brangi, Franco Carpegna, Pietro Cassone, Mauro Della Toffola, Flavio Ferlini, Alessandra Gagliardi, Arturo Gargioni, Laura Gola, Nunzio Grattini, Marco Gustin, Franco Lavezzi, Lorenzo Maffezzoli, Cesare Martignoni, Roberto Musumeci, Giuliana Pirotta, Ivan Provini, Maurizio Ravasini, Alessandro Re, Bassano Riboni, Alberto Tamietti, Enrico Viganò, and Michelangelo Morganti
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Science - Abstract
Abstract Colonial waterbirds, a major biodiversity element occurring in the core of ultra-anthropized Europe, are ideal indicators of the wellness of inland wetlands. Nonetheless, there is a critical knowledge gap in their trend and population status. We present an uninterrupted 47 years-long dataset of the breeding populations of 12 species of colonial waterbirds (Ardeidae, Phalacrocoracidae, Plataleidae, Threskiornitidae) throughout a 58,000 km2 agricultural region in the higher Po basin (NW Italy). A trained team of collaborators censused with standardized field techniques the number of nests of each species at 419 colonies in the 1972–2018 period, summing up a total of 236,316 records. Data cleaning and standardization were performed for each census year, ensuring robust and consistent data. This dataset is among the largest ever collected for a guild of European vertebrates. It has already been used to describe the factors influencing population trends, and still offers opportunities to explore a wide range of key ecological processes such as biological invasions, global change consequences and biodiversity impact of agricultural practices.
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- 2023
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17. Psoriatic Arthritis in Males and Females: Differences and Similarities
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Ennio Lubrano, Silvia Scriffignano, Mauro Fatica, Paola Triggianese, Paola Conigliaro, Fabio Massimo Perrotta, and Maria Sole Chimenti
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Psoriatic arthritis ,Psoriasis ,Gender medicine ,Sex differences ,Assessment ,Outcome ,Diseases of the musculoskeletal system ,RC925-935 - Abstract
Abstract Objective To assess any differences and similarities in psoriatic arthritis (PsA) between sexes. Any possible differences of psoriasis and its potential impact on disease burden between sexes with PsA were also evaluated. Methods Cross-sectional analysis of two longitudinal PsA cohorts. The impact of psoriasis on the PtGA was evaluated. Patients were stratified in four groups based on BSA. The median PtGA was then compared between the four groups. Moreover, a multivariate linear regression analysis was performed in order to evaluate associations between PtGA and skin involvement, split by sexes. Results We enrolled 141 males and 131 females: PtGA, PtPnV, tender, swollen joint count, DAPSA, HAQ-DI, PsAID-12 were statistically significant higher in females (p ≤ 0.05). PASS “yes” was deemed more in males than in females and BSA was higher in males. MDA was present more in males than females. When the patients were stratified on BSA, median PtGA was not different between males and females with BSA = 0. Instead, in females with BSA > 0, a higher PtGA was observed compared to males with BSA > 0. There was not a statistically significant association between skin involvement and PtGA at linear regression analysis, even if a trend seems to be present in female. Conclusions Psoriasis is more present in males, but it seems to be related to a worse impact in females. In particular, a possible role of psoriasis as an influencing factor the PtGA was found. Moreover, female PsA patients tended to have more disease activity, worse function, and higher disease burden.
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- 2023
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18. Privacy and Security Best Practices for IoT Solutions
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Matteo Anedda, Alessandro Floris, Roberto Girau, Mauro Fadda, Pietro Ruiu, Massimo Farina, Alessandro Bonu, and Daniele D. Giusto
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Internet of Things ,IoT security ,best practices ,non-personal data ,privacy by design ,risk assessment ,Electrical engineering. Electronics. Nuclear engineering ,TK1-9971 - Abstract
The rapid increase in Internet of Things (IoT) applications has raised security and privacy issues due to the huge amount of data acquired by IoT devices and transmitted through the Internet. Therefore, there is a need to understand what strategies should be applied to make IoT systems robust to security flaws and privacy weaknesses. In this paper, we first identify and discuss the best practices for IoT privacy and security, which include a set of procedures that can be taken as the guidelines to determine and solve privacy and security issues of IoT systems. Then, we follow and apply the identified best practices to two real IoT-based use cases: a crowding monitoring system and a vehicular mobility system. Finally, we computed the risk assessment score to evaluate the impact of the application of the identified best practices on the implemented IoT systems. We observe that following the proposed best practices the implemented IoT systems achieve an overall risk score of 1.3, which is from 215% to 361% lower than that achieved by comparable IoT systems proposed in the literature studies.
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- 2023
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19. Predictability of lower incisor tip using clear aligner therapy
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Julia Meri Smith, Tony Weir, Austin Kaang, and Mauro Farella
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Lower incisor ,Tip ,Invisalign® ,Clear aligners ,Clear aligner therapy ,Orthodontic tooth movement ,Dentistry ,RK1-715 - Abstract
Abstract Background Uprighting incisors is particularly important with clear aligner therapy as incisor tip determines the mesio-distal space needed in the arch, and consequently the fit of the aligner. The objective of this study was to investigate the accuracy of ClinCheck® software to predict lower incisor tip by comparing digitally prescribed movements with actual clinical outcomes and to determine whether the presence of a vertically orientated rectangular composite attachment influences the efficacy of incisor tip. Methodology This retrospective study included 66 lower incisors from 42 non-extraction adult patients treated using the Invisalign® appliance. Twenty-one incisors had vertical attachments, while 45 incisors did not have any attachments. Lower incisor tip was measured at T0 (pre-treatment), T1 (predicted post-treatment) and T2 (achieved post-treatment) on digital models using metrology software. The change in position from T0 to T1 and T0 to T2 was measured from the estimated centre of resistance (CRes) of each tooth. The estimated centre of rotation was plotted relative to the CRes to describe the type of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) predicted and achieved. Results Predicted incisor tip and achieved incisor tip were positively correlated (R 2 = 0.55; p
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- 2022
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20. Nanodiamond Effects on Cancer Cell Radiosensitivity: The Interplay between Their Chemical/Physical Characteristics and the Irradiation Energy
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Veronica Varzi, Emiliano Fratini, Mauro Falconieri, Daniela Giovannini, Alessia Cemmi, Jessica Scifo, Ilaria Di Sarcina, Pietro Aprà, Sofia Sturari, Lorenzo Mino, Giulia Tomagra, Erminia Infusino, Valeria Landoni, Carmela Marino, Mariateresa Mancuso, Federico Picollo, and Simonetta Pazzaglia
- Subjects
nanodiamonds ,radiation sensitizer ,medulloblastoma ,radiation therapy ,DNA damage ,apoptosis ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Nanoparticles are being increasingly studied to enhance radiation effects. Among them, nanodiamonds (NDs) are taken into great consideration due to their low toxicity, inertness, chemical stability, and the possibility of surface functionalization. The objective of this study is to explore the influence of the chemical/physical properties of NDs on cellular radiosensitivity to combined treatments with radiation beams of different energies. DAOY, a human radioresistant medulloblastoma cell line was treated with NDs—differing for surface modifications [hydrogenated (H-NDs) and oxidized (OX-NDs)], size, and concentration—and analysed for (i) ND internalization and intracellular localization, (ii) clonogenic survival after combined treatment with different radiation beam energies and (iii) DNA damage and apoptosis, to explore the nature of ND–radiation biological interactions. Results show that chemical/physical characteristics of NDs are crucial in determining cell toxicity, with hydrogenated NDs (H-NDs) decreasing either cellular viability when administered alone, or cell survival when combined with radiation, depending on ND size and concentration, while OX-NDs do not. Also, irradiation at high energy (γ-rays at 1.25 MeV), in combination with H-NDs, is more efficient in eliciting radiosensitisation when compared to irradiation at lower energy (X-rays at 250 kVp). Finally, the molecular mechanisms of ND radiosensitisation was addressed, demonstrating that cell killing is mediated by the induction of Caspase-3-dependent apoptosis that is independent to DNA damage. Identifying the optimal combination of ND characteristics and radiation energy has the potential to offer a promising therapeutic strategy for tackling radioresistant cancers using H-NDs in conjunction with high-energy radiation.
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- 2023
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21. GABAB receptor activation exacerbates spontaneous spike-and-wave discharges in DBA/2J mice
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Giuliano Pillolla, Marco Orru, Lorenzo Polizzi, Giampaolo Mereu, Marco Bortolato, Monica Puligheddu, Luigi Barberini, Francesco Marrosu, Mauro Fà, Roberto Frau, Federico Santoni, and Christian Dessi
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Male ,Agonist ,DBA/2J mice ,Baclofen ,GABAB receptors ,medicine.drug_class ,Clinical Neurology ,Stimulation ,Motor Activity ,GABAB receptor ,Pharmacology ,GBL ,Mice ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Epilepsy ,In vivo ,medicine ,Animals ,Receptor ,GABA Agonists ,Chemistry ,Spike-and-wave ,Electroencephalography ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Absence rodent models ,EEG pattern ,nervous system ,Epilepsy, Absence ,Receptors, GABA-B ,Neurology ,Mice, Inbred DBA ,Neurology (clinical) - Abstract
Rich evidence has highlighted that stimulation of gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA)(B) receptors increases the occurrence of spike-and-wave discharges (SWDs), the electroencephalographic (EEG) landmark of absence epilepsy (AE). Recent findings suggest that the outcomes of GABA(B) activation in vivo are contingent on the chemical characteristics of the agonist. In particular, the endogenous ligand gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) and its precursor gamma-butyro-lactone (GBL) have been shown to elicit different effects than the prototypical GABA(B) agonist baclofen. In view of these premises, the present study was aimed at the characterization of the effects of baclofen (0.5-10 mg/kg, i.p.) and GBL (5-100 mg/kg, i.p.) on the spontaneous SWDs and locomotor activity of DBA/2J mice. While both baclofen and GBL dose-dependently increased SWDs episodes, high doses of the latter (100 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced the occurrence of these phenomena and increased the number of isolated spikes. Interestingly, both compounds elicited a dose-dependent reduction of locomotor activity, in comparison with their vehicle-treated controls. The GABA(B) selective antagonist, SCH50911 (50 mg/kg, i.p.), reversed the changes in SWD occurrence and locomotion induced by baclofen and GBL, but failed to elicit intrinsic effects on either paradigm. These results indicate that GABA(B) receptor signaling might exert differential effects on SWDs in DBA/2J mice.
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- 2010
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22. Effects of Topiramate on the Prepulse Inhibition of the Acoustic Startle in Rats
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Giampaolo Mereu, Roberto Frau, Alberto Casti, Mario Manunta, Mauro Fà, Marco Orru, Nicola Fais, Marco Bortolato, and GianLuigi Gessa
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Male ,Agonist ,Reflex, Startle ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Startle response ,Bipolar Disorder ,medicine.drug_class ,Dopamine ,Glutamic Acid ,Fructose ,Gating ,Pharmacology ,Synaptic Transmission ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Topiramate ,Internal medicine ,Haloperidol ,Animals ,Medicine ,Prepulse inhibition ,Clozapine ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,business.industry ,Brain ,Drug Synergism ,Neural Inhibition ,Rats ,Dizocilpine ,Apomorphine ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Endocrinology ,Dopamine Agonists ,Schizophrenia ,Anticonvulsants ,business ,Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ,Antipsychotic Agents ,medicine.drug - Abstract
The anticonvulsant topiramate (TPM) has been recently proposed as a novel adjuvant therapy for bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, yet its efficacy remains controversial. As both disorders are characterized by gating deficits, we tested the effects of TPM on the behavioral paradigm of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response, a validated animal model of sensorimotor gating. TPM (10, 18, 32, 58, 100 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, i.p.) enhanced PPI in rats in a dose-dependent fashion, prevented the PPI reduction mediated by the dopaminergic agonist apomorphine (0.25 mg/kg, subcutaneous, s.c.) and potentiated the effects of the antipsychotic drugs haloperidol (0.05, 0.1 mg/kg, i.p.) and clozapine (2.5, 5 mg/kg, i.p.). Conversely, TPM elicited no significant effect on the PPI disruption mediated by the NMDA receptor antagonist dizocilpine (0.05, 0.1 mg/kg, s.c.) and surprisingly antagonized the attenuation of dizocilpine-induced PPI disruption mediated by clozapine (5 mg/kg, i.p.). Our results suggest that TPM may exert diverse actions on the neural substrates of sensorimotor gating. While the pharmacological mechanisms of such effects are still elusive, our findings might contribute to shed light on some controversies on the therapeutic action of TPM, and point to this drug as a putative novel adjuvant therapy for some clusters of gating disturbances.
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- 2006
23. Data-driven identification of communities with high levels of tuberculosis infection in the Democratic Republic of Congo
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Mauro Faccin, Olivier Rusumba, Alfred Ushindi, Mireille Riziki, Tresor Habiragi, Fairouz Boutachkourt, and Emmanuel André
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Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract When access to diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis is disrupted by poverty or unequal access to health services, marginalized communities not only endorse the burden of preventable deaths, but also suffer from the dramatic consequences of a disease which impacts one’s ability to access education and minimal financial incomes. Unfortunately, these pockets are often left unrecognized in the flow of data collected in national tuberculosis reports, as localized hotspots are diluted in aggregated reports focusing on notified cases. Such system is therefore profoundly inadequate to identify these marginalized groups, which urgently require adapted interventions. We computed an estimated incidence-rate map for the South-Kivu province of the Democratic Republic of Congo, a province of 5.8 million inhabitants, leveraging available data including notified incidence, level of access to health care and exposition to identifiable risk factors. These estimations were validated in a prospective multi-centric study. We could demonstrate that combining different sources of openly-available data allows to precisely identify pockets of the population which endorses the biggest part of the burden of disease. We could precisely identify areas with a predicted annual incidence higher than 1%, a value three times higher than the national estimates. While hosting only 2.5% of the total population, we estimated that these areas were responsible for 23.5% of the actual tuberculosis cases of the province. The bacteriological results obtained from systematic screenings strongly correlated with the estimated incidence (r = 0.86), and much less with the incidence reported by epidemiological reports (r = 0.77), highlighting the inadequacy of these reports when used alone to guide disease control programs.
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- 2022
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24. Kappa Opioid Receptor Activation Disrupts Prepulse Inhibition of the Acoustic Startle in Rats
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Mauro Fà, Gian Luigi Gessa, Roberto Frau, Giampaolo Mereu, Marco Orru, Marco Bortolato, Gian Nicola Aru, Mara Puddu, and Mario Manunta
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Male ,Agonist ,Reflex, Startle ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Apomorphine ,medicine.drug_class ,Narcotic Antagonists ,Pharmacology ,κ-opioid receptor ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Haloperidol ,Animals ,Drug Interactions ,Clozapine ,Biological Psychiatry ,Prepulse inhibition ,Analysis of Variance ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,Receptors, Opioid, kappa ,3,4-Dichloro-N-methyl-N-(2-(1-pyrrolidinyl)-cyclohexyl)-benzeneacetamide, (trans)-Isomer ,Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation ,Analgesics, Non-Narcotic ,Typical antipsychotic ,Naltrexone ,Rats ,Dizocilpine ,Inhibition, Psychological ,Endocrinology ,Acoustic Stimulation ,Dopamine Agonists ,Dizocilpine Maleate ,Psychology ,Norbinaltorphimine ,Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists ,Antipsychotic Agents ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background Compelling evidence indicates that kappa opioid receptor (KOR) agonists produce perceptual distortions in animals and humans, yet the mechanism of action and clinical relevance of such effects remain unclear. Since abnormalities in preattentional functions and informational processing are hypothesized to underlie psychotic disorders, the present study has been designed to assess the role of KOR on sensorimotor gating. Methods The effects of the selective KOR agonist U50488 were evaluated on the behavioral paradigm of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle reflex (ASR). Results U50488 (1.25, 2.5, and 5 mg/kg, subcutaneous [SC]) induced a dose-dependent reduction of PPI, which was efficiently prevented by the selective KOR antagonist norbinaltorphimine (nor-BNI, 10 mg/kg, SC), as well as by the atypical antipsychotic clozapine (5, 8 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [IP]) but not by the typical antipsychotic haloperidol (.1, .5 mg/kg, IP). Conversely, nor-BNI (10 mg/kg, SC) failed to reverse the PPI disruption mediated by both apomorphine (.25 mg/kg, SC) and dizocilpine (.1 mg/kg, SC). Conclusions Our results support a pivotal role of KOR in the regulation of preattentional functions and sensorimotor gating, pointing to these receptors as a possible neurobiological substrate especially relevant to the clusters of psychosis unresponsive to typical antipsychotics.
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- 2005
25. Stimulation of the locus coeruleus elicits noradrenaline and dopamine release in the medial prefrontal and parietal cortex
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Mauro Fà, Gian Luigi Gessa, Paola Devoto, Giovanna Flore, and Pierluigi Saba
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Male ,Time Factors ,Dopamine ,Microdialysis ,Caudate nucleus ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Stimulation ,Biochemistry ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Norepinephrine ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Parietal Lobe ,medicine ,Animals ,Wakefulness ,Prefrontal cortex ,Neurotransmitter ,Neurons ,Chemistry ,Extracellular Fluid ,Electric Stimulation ,Rats ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,nervous system ,Cerebral cortex ,3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid ,Locus coeruleus ,Locus Coeruleus ,Caudate Nucleus ,Neuroscience ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Our previous studies have suggested that dopamine and noradrenaline may be coreleased from noradrenergic nerve terminals in the cerebral cortex. To further clarify this issue, the effect of electrical stimulation of the locus coeruleus on extracellular noradrenaline, dopamine and DOPAC in the medial prefrontal cortex, parietal cortex and caudate nucleus was analysed by microdialysis in freely moving rats. Stimulation of the locus coeruleus for 20 min with evenly spaced pulses at 1 Hz failed to modify cortical catecholamines and DOPAC levels. Stimulation with bursts of pulses at 12 and 24 Hz increased, in a frequency-related manner, not only noradrenaline but also dopamine and DOPAC in the two cortices. In both cortices noradrenaline returned to baseline within 20 min of stimulation, irrespective of the stimulation frequency, whereas dopamine returned to normal within 20 and 60 min in the medial prefrontal cortex and within 60 and 80 min in the parietal cortex after 12 and 24 Hz stimulation, respectively. DOPAC remained elevated throughout the experimental period. Phasic stimulation of the locus coeruleus at 12 Hz increased noradrenaline in the caudate nucleus as in the cerebral cortices but was totally ineffective on dopamine and DOPAC. Tetrodotoxin perfusion into the medial prefrontal cortex dramatically reduced noradrenaline and dopamine levels and suppressed the effect of electrical stimulation. These results indicate that electrical stimulation-induced increase of dopamine is a nerve impulse exocytotic process and suggest that cortical dopamine and noradrenaline may be coreleased from noradrenergic terminals.
- Published
- 2005
26. 6G—Enabling the New Smart City: A Survey
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Maurizio Murroni, Matteo Anedda, Mauro Fadda, Pietro Ruiu, Vlad Popescu, Corneliu Zaharia, and Daniele Giusto
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smart city ,smart mobility ,5G ,6G ,Chemical technology ,TP1-1185 - Abstract
Smart cities and 6G are technological areas that have the potential to transform the way we live and work in the years to come. Until this transformation comes into place, there is the need, underlined by research and market studies, for a critical reassessment of the entire wireless communication sector for smart cities, which should include the IoT infrastructure, economic factors that could improve their adoption rate, and strategies that enable smart city operations. Therefore, from a technical point of view, a series of stringent issues, such as interoperability, data privacy, security, the digital divide, and implementation issues have to be addressed. Notably, to concentrate the scrutiny on smart cities and the forthcoming influence of 6G, the groundwork laid by the current 5G, with its multifaceted role and inherent limitations within the domain of smart cities, is embraced as a foundational standpoint. This examination culminates in a panoramic exposition, extending beyond the mere delineation of the 6G standard toward the unveiling of the extensive gamut of potential applications that this emergent standard promises to introduce to the smart cities arena. This paper provides an update on the SC ecosystem around the novel paradigm of 6G, aggregating a series of enabling technologies accompanied by the descriptions of their roles and specific employment schemes.
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- 2023
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27. Electrophysiological and pharmacological characteristics of nigral dopaminergic neurons in the conscious, head-restrained rat
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Giampaolo Mereu, Alessandra Meloni, Paola Salis, Veronica Ghiglieri, Gian Luigi Gessa, and Mauro Fà
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medicine.medical_specialty ,Chemistry ,Dopaminergic ,Chloral hydrate ,Apomorphine ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Electrophysiology ,Bursting ,Endocrinology ,nervous system ,Dopamine ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Haloperidol ,Autoreceptor ,Neuroscience ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Extracellular single-unit recordings of nigral dopamine (DA) neurons were obtained from conscious rats habituated to having their body suspended in a cloth jacket and their head immobilized in the stereotaxic frame by means of a "restraining platform" permanently fixed to the skull. The electrophysiological characteristics of DA neurons from head-restrained rats and their responses to apomorphine and haloperidol were compared with single-unit recordings obtained from rats lightly and deeply anesthetized with chloral hydrate and from mesencephalic slices. Head-restrained rats showed a higher number of spontaneously active DA neurons and a higher percentage of bursting neurons than lightly and deeply anesthetized rats. Indeed, bursting activity was rare in deeply anesthetized rats and was totally absent in slices. Haloperidol was more potent and effective in stimulating the firing rate and bursting activity in head-restrained than in lightly anesthetized rats, while it was virtually ineffective in deeply anesthetized rats and totally ineffective in slices. On the other hand, DA neurons in head-restrained rats showed the same average firing rate as DA neurons in lightly and deeply anesthetized rats and in slices. The potency of apomorphine in inhibiting the firing rate, and that of haloperidol in reversing apomorphine effect, did not vary among the different in vivo preparations. The results suggest that chloral hydrate anesthesia blunts or suppresses not only the excitatory inputs which normally sustain the number of spontaneously active DA neurons and their bursting activity, but also the feedback excitation of DA neurons following haloperidol-induced D(2) receptor blockade. On the other hand, chloral hydrate anesthesia modifies neither D(2) autoreceptor sensitivity to apomorphine and haloperidol nor the automatic genesis of action potentials. The head-restrained rat appears to be an important model for studies into the pharmacology and physiology of DA neurons.
- Published
- 2003
28. Nonorthogonal Multiple Access and Subgrouping for Improved Resource Allocation in Multicast 5G NR
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Eneko Iradier, Mauro Fadda, Maurizio Murroni, Pasquale Scopelliti, Giuseppe Araniti, and Jon Montalban
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RRM ,subgrouping ,wireless communications ,Telecommunication ,TK5101-6720 ,Transportation and communications ,HE1-9990 - Abstract
The ever-increasing demand for applications with stringent constraints in device density, latency, user mobility, or peak data rate has led to the appearance of the last generation of mobile networks (i.e., 5G). However, there is still room for improvement in the network spectral efficiency, not only at the waveform level but also at the Radio Resource Management (RRM). Up to now, solutions based on multicast transmissions have presented considerable efficiency increments by successfully implementing subgrouping strategies. These techniques enable more efficient exploitation of channel time and frequency resources by splitting users into subgroups and applying independent and adaptive modulation and coding schemes. However, at the RRM, traditional multiplexing techniques pose a hard limit in exploiting the available resources, especially when users’ QoS requests are unbalanced. Under these circumstances, this paper proposes jointly applying the subgrouping and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) techniques in 5G to increase the network data rate. This study shows that NOMA is highly spectrum-efficient and could improve the system throughput performance in certain conditions. In the first part of this paper, an in-depth analysis of the implications of introducing NOMA techniques in 5G subgrouping at RRM is carried out. Afterward, the validation is accomplished by applying the proposed approach to different 5G use cases based on vehicular communications. After a comprehensive analysis of the results, a theoretical approach combining NOMA and time division is presented, which improves considerably the data rate offered in each use case.
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- 2022
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29. Evolution of sensory analysis attributes and volatile aging markers in bottle fermented craft beers during storage at different temperatures.
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Antonio Valentoni, Antonio Santoru, Manuela Sanna, Mauro Fanari, Maria Cristina Porcu, Angela Fadda, Daniele Sanna, and Luca Pretti
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Beer aging ,Volatiles aging markers ,Craft beer ,Oxygen absorbing caps ,Food processing and manufacture ,TP368-456 - Abstract
Beer oxidation is strictly linked to its shelf life. Chemical variation in aldehydes, higher alcohols, hops bitter substances and esters, also could have a role key in stale flavor. Bottle refermentation, is the method by which beer in the bottle is made sparkling and is often used in craft brewing. Before the process an amount of oxygen in the headspace can be a potential source of oxidation. We investigated the effect of oxygen and temperature during storage of refermented craft beer in bottles with standard and oxygen scavenger caps. Beer was stored for 13 weeks at 6, 22 and 45 °C for forced aging, and monitored by technological analysis, SPME (-) and - MS (-), Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR). At 45 °C, the samples showed a decrease of International Bitterness Units and an increase in color and concentrations of oxidized molecules, and other related with the high temperature (aldehydes and furanic compounds respectively). No differences were observed between samples stored at 6 and 22 °C. Sensory analysis showed differences in the perception of paint, sweet, cardboard and freshness attributes in the samples stored at 45 °C. No differences were observed in the use of standard and oxygen scavenger caps.
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- 2022
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30. The endogenous HBZ interactome in ATL leukemic cells reveals an unprecedented complexity of host interacting partners involved in RNA splicing
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Mariam Shallak, Tiziana Alberio, Mauro Fasano, Maria Monti, Ilaria Iacobucci, Julien Ladet, Franck Mortreux, Roberto S. Accolla, and Greta Forlani
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HTLV-1 ,HBZ ,ATL ,interactome ,alternative splicing ,protein network ,Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATL) is a T-cell lymphoproliferative neoplasm caused by the human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Two viral proteins, Tax-1 and HBZ play important roles in HTLV-1 infectivity and in HTLV-1-associated pathologies by altering key pathways of cell homeostasis. However, the molecular mechanisms through which the two viral proteins, particularly HBZ, induce and/or sustain the oncogenic process are still largely elusive. Previous results suggested that HBZ interaction with nuclear factors may alter cell cycle and cell proliferation. To have a more complete picture of the HBZ interactions, we investigated in detail the endogenous HBZ interactome in leukemic cells by immunoprecipitating the HBZ-interacting complexes of ATL-2 leukemic cells, followed by tandem mass spectrometry analyses. RNA seq analysis was performed to decipher the differential gene expression and splicing modifications related to HTLV-1. Here we compared ATL-2 with MOLT-4, a non HTLV-1 derived leukemic T cell line and further compared with HBZ-induced modifications in an isogenic system composed by Jurkat T cells and stably HBZ transfected Jurkat derivatives. The endogenous HBZ interactome of ATL-2 cells identified 249 interactors covering three main clusters corresponding to protein families mainly involved in mRNA splicing, nonsense-mediated RNA decay (NMD) and JAK-STAT signaling pathway. Here we analyzed in detail the cluster involved in RNA splicing. RNAseq analysis showed that HBZ specifically altered the transcription of many genes, including crucial oncogenes, by affecting different splicing events. Consistently, the two RNA helicases, members of the RNA splicing family, DDX5 and its paralog DDX17, recently shown to be involved in alternative splicing of cellular genes after NF-κB activation by HTLV-1 Tax-1, interacted and partially co-localized with HBZ. For the first time, a complete picture of the endogenous HBZ interactome was elucidated. The wide interaction of HBZ with molecules involved in RNA splicing and the subsequent transcriptome alteration strongly suggests an unprecedented complex role of the viral oncogene in the establishment of the leukemic state.
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- 2022
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31. Changes in rice cultivation affect population trends of herons and egrets in Italy
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Mauro Fasola, Elisa Cardarelli, Luigi Ranghetti, Eleonora Boncompagni, Daniele Pellitteri-Rosa, Daniele Delle Monache, and Michelangelo Morganti
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Grey Heron ,Little Egret ,Black-crowned Night-heron ,Population ,Rice ,Conservation ,Ecology ,QH540-549.5 - Abstract
The breeding populations of colonial herons, egrets and allied waterbirds in Northwestern Italy increased since 1972, when a long-term monitoring was initiated, up to the end of the 20° century. Populations of continental importance for some heron species were concentrated mostly in the district of intensive rice cultivation, where the paddies offered wide foraging opportunities. After 2000, new cultivation techniques caused a progressive reduction in paddy flooding. We found a significant relationship between the post-2000 decrease in the number of nests of the three most abundant species of waterbirds, Grey Heron, Little Egret and Black-crowned Night-heron, and the diminishing extent of paddy flooding estimated on satellite-derived images. On the other hand, outside the paddies district the same three species continued to increase or remained mostly stable. The recent agronomic changes in the paddies of Northwestern Italy compromise their role as surrogates of natural wetlands and their importance for environmental conservation. The spread of dry rice fields, and the consequent loss of their value for conservation of aquatic biodiversity, call for a revision of the regulations and incentives to farmers under the Common Agriculture Policy by the European Union and by local authorities. Return to early-submerged rice fields and adoption of environmental-friendly practices, such as the creation of compensatory wetlands, should become mandatory for rice to maintain its status as “green” crop.
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- 2022
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32. Sardinian alcohol-preferring rats prefer chocolate and sucrose over ethanol
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Mauro Fà, Giacomo Diaz, Gian Luigi Gessa, Giancarlo Colombo, Roberta Reali, Roberta Agabio, and Carla Lobina
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Male ,Sucrose ,Health (social science) ,Self Administration ,Toxicology ,Biochemistry ,Food Preferences ,Behavioral Neuroscience ,Behavioral traits ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Sucrose solution ,Animals ,Food science ,Less urgent ,Cacao ,Ethanol ,Chemistry ,Ethanol drinking ,General Medicine ,Alcohol preferring ,Rats ,Solutions ,Neurology ,Ethanol intake ,Reinforcement, Psychology - Abstract
The present study was aimed at determining whether the concurrent availability of highly palatable fluids (i.e., a chocolate-flavored drink and a sucrose solution) would alter voluntary ethanol drinking in selectively bred, alcohol-preferring sP and -nonpreferring sNP rats. Ethanol intake occurred under the three-bottle, free choice regimen between 10% ( v v ) ethanol solution, tap water, and the palatable fluids for 24 h per day. When rats were given ethanol and water, but no alternative fluids, mean ethanol intake in sP rats ranged between 6 and 7 g/kg per day and mean preference ratio was steadily higher than 80%, whereas mean ethanol intake and preference ratio in sNP rats were constantly lower than 0.3 g/kg and 5%, respectively. In the presence of either the chocolate-flavored drink or sucrose solution, both prepared as isocaloric to the ethanol solution, absolute ethanol intake in sP rats declined by 60–70%; similarly, the preference ratio was reduced by 80–90%. Ethanol intake in sNP rats was unaffected by the simultaneous presentation of either palatable fluids. The results of the present study closely replicate those previously reported in genetically selected, ethanol-preferring HAD rats; however, they differ from those of ethanol-preferring P rats, which were reported to maintain high levels of ethanol intake and preference in the presence of highly palatable fluids. These results are discussed in terms of a) an alternative reinforcement partially substituting for the reinforcing properties of ethanol in sP rats, resulting in a less urgent need of ethanol, and b) genetic animal models of alcoholism diverging in some neurochemical and behavioral traits (e.g., response to the presentation of palatable fluids), which might parallel the different types of alcoholism observed in humans.
- Published
- 1997
33. Rheumatologist’s Perspective on Non-Infectious Uveitis: Patterns from Tertiary Referral Rheumatologic Clinics in Italy
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Paola Triggianese, Mauro Fatica, Francesco Caso, Luisa Costa, Arianna D’Antonio, Marco Tasso, Elisabetta Greco, Paola Conigliaro, Alberto Bergamini, Claudia Fabiani, Luca Cantarini, and Maria Sole Chimenti
- Subjects
non-infectious uveitis ,spondyloarthritis ,Behçet disease ,disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs ,HLA-B27 ,HLA-B51 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Non-infectious uveitis (NIU) can be an early or even the first extra-articular manifestation of systemic rheumatic diseases, or the first one; thus, rheumatologists are often involved in the diagnostic and therapeutic assessment of NIU. We evaluated 130 patients with a diagnosis of NIU who were admitted to two Italian rheumatologic clinics (Tor Vergata University Hospital in Rome, and Federico II University in Naples) from January 2018 to December 2021. Anterior uveitis (AU) occurred in 75.4% of patients, followed by posterior uveitis (PU, 21.5%); acute (54.6%) and recurrent (35.4%) NIU were more documented than chronic NIU (10%), and a bilateral involvement was observed in 38.7% of cases. Half of NIU cases were associated with spondyloarthritis (SpA); the remaining were affected by Behçet disease (BD)-related uveitis (13.9%) and idiopathic NIU (9.2%). HLA-B27+ patients (34.8%) had a higher prevalence of anterior and unilateral NIU (p = 0.005) with acute course (p = 0.04) than HLA-B27– patients. On the contrary, HLA-B51+ patients (19.6%) had mostly PU and bilateral NIU (p < 0.0001) and recurrent course (p = 0.04) than HLA-B51– patients. At the first rheumatologic referral, 117 patients (90%) received systemic treatments. Findings from this study demonstrate that rheumatologic referral has a pivotal role in the diagnostic work-up of NIU and may dramatically influence NIU-treatment strategies.
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- 2023
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34. Microdialysis measurement of cortical and hippocampal acetylcholine release during sleep-wake cycle in freely moving cats
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Mauro Fà, Gian Luigi Gessa, Maria Stefania Mascia, Chiara Portas, Francesco Marrosu, Marcello Giagheddu, Maria Antonietta Casu, and Assunta Imperato
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Male ,Microdialysis ,Rapid eye movement sleep ,Sleep, REM ,Hippocampus ,Hippocampal formation ,Cortex (anatomy) ,medicine ,Animals ,Wakefulness ,Molecular Biology ,Slow-wave sleep ,Cerebral Cortex ,Chemistry ,General Neuroscience ,Electroencephalography ,Acetylcholine ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Cerebral cortex ,Cats ,Neurology (clinical) ,Sleep ,Neuroscience ,psychological phenomena and processes ,Developmental Biology - Abstract
The variations of Acetylcholine (ACh) release in the cerebral cortex and dorsal hippocampus were monitored by microdialysis during the electroencephalographically recorded sleep-waking cycle in freely moving cats. The results show a state-dependent variation in ACh output in both the cortex and the hippocampus. ACh release increased by approximately 100% during quiet waking (QW) and by 175% during active waking (AW) as referred to slow wave sleep (SWS) baseline. In contrast, a clear difference between the two areas was observed during REM sleep. During this stage ACh release in the cortex reached approximately the same values observed during QW, while in the hippocampus ACh release rose to about 4-fold the level obtained during SWS or twice that of QW. The results support the idea that the increase in ACh release in the cortex reflects the desynchronized EEG of wakefulness and REM sleep, while the marked increase of ACh during REM in the hippocampus may be related to the sustained theta activity in this area.
- Published
- 1995
35. How dopants limit the ultrahigh thermal conductivity of boron arsenide: a first principles study
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Mauro Fava, Nakib Haider Protik, Chunhua Li, Navaneetha Krishnan Ravichandran, Jesús Carrete, Ambroise van Roekeghem, Georg K. H. Madsen, Natalio Mingo, and David Broido
- Subjects
Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials ,TA401-492 ,Computer software ,QA76.75-76.765 - Abstract
Abstract The promise enabled by boron arsenide’s (BAs) high thermal conductivity (κ) in power electronics cannot be assessed without taking into account the reduction incurred when doping the material. Using first principles calculations, we determine the κ reduction induced by different group IV impurities in BAs as a function of concentration and charge state. We unveil a general trend, where neutral impurities scatter phonons more strongly than the charged ones. CB and GeAs impurities show by far the weakest phonon scattering and retain BAs κ values of over ~1000 W⋅K−1⋅m−1 even at high densities. Both Si and Ge achieve large hole concentrations while maintaining high κ. Furthermore, going beyond the doping compensation threshold associated to Fermi level pinning triggers observable changes in the thermal conductivity. This informs design considerations on the doping of BAs, and it also suggests a direct way to determine the onset of compensation doping in experimental samples.
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- 2021
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36. Ligand-Based Regulation of Dynamics and Reactivity of Hemoproteins
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Emily Samuela Turilli-Ghisolfi, Marta Lualdi, and Mauro Fasano
- Subjects
heme ,hemoproteins ,globins ,cytochromes ,albumin ,heme-albumin ,Microbiology ,QR1-502 - Abstract
Hemoproteins include several heme-binding proteins with distinct structure and function. The presence of the heme group confers specific reactivity and spectroscopic properties to hemoproteins. In this review, we provide an overview of five families of hemoproteins in terms of dynamics and reactivity. First, we describe how ligands modulate cooperativity and reactivity in globins, such as myoglobin and hemoglobin. Second, we move on to another family of hemoproteins devoted to electron transport, such as cytochromes. Later, we consider heme-based reactivity in hemopexin, the main heme-scavenging protein. Then, we focus on heme–albumin, a chronosteric hemoprotein with peculiar spectroscopic and enzymatic properties. Eventually, we analyze the reactivity and dynamics of the most recently discovered family of hemoproteins, i.e., nitrobindins.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Levetiracetam attenuates spontaneous spike-and-wave discharges in DBA/2J mice
- Author
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Monica Puligheddu, Mauro Fà, Marco Orru, Marco Bortolato, Giampaolo Mereu, Roberto Frau, Francesco Marrosu, Antonella Tuveri, and Antonella Muroni
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Male ,Levetiracetam ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Pharmacology ,Central nervous system disease ,Epilepsy ,Mice ,medicine ,Animals ,business.industry ,Valproic Acid ,Spike-and-wave ,Electroencephalography ,medicine.disease ,Piracetam ,Ethosuximide ,Anticonvulsant ,Neurology ,Epilepsy, Absence ,Murine model ,Mice, Inbred DBA ,Anticonvulsants ,Neurology (clinical) ,business ,Spike wave ,Injections, Intraperitoneal ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Summary Recent evidence highlights levetiracetam (LEV) as an advantageous treatment of absence epilepsy (AE). Thus, we investigated the effects of this drug in DBA/2J mice, a murine model of AE. Similarly to ethosuximide (200 mg/kg, intraperitoneal, i.p.) and sodium valproate (250 mg/kg, i.p.), two classic antiabsence agents, LEV (50–200 mg/kg, i.p.) reduced the occurrence of spike-and-wave discharges, AE's typical electroencephalographic patterns. Our results confirm LEV's efficacy in AE treatment.
- Published
- 2007
38. Activation of GABA(B) receptors reverses spontaneous gating deficits in juvenile DBA/2J mice
- Author
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Giampaolo Mereu, A. Paola Piras, M. Paola Castelli, Roberto Frau, Monica Puligheddu, Marco Bortolato, Francesco Marrosu, Antonella Tuveri, Mauro Fà, Marco Orru, and Gian Luigi Gessa
- Subjects
Agonist ,Baclofen ,Reflex, Startle ,medicine.drug_class ,Gating ,GABAB receptor ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,Moro reflex ,Medicine ,Animals ,Receptor ,Clozapine ,GABA Agonists ,Prepulse inhibition ,Pharmacology ,Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ,business.industry ,Brain ,Neural Inhibition ,medicine.disease ,Mice, Inbred C57BL ,Disease Models, Animal ,nervous system ,chemistry ,Receptors, GABA-B ,Schizophrenia ,Mice, Inbred DBA ,Autoradiography ,Haloperidol ,business ,Neuroscience ,Injections, Intraperitoneal ,Antipsychotic Agents - Abstract
Gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA)(B) receptors play a key role in the pathophysiology of psychotic disorders. We previously reported that baclofen, the prototypical GABA(B) agonist, elicits antipsychotic-like effects in the rat paradigm of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle, a highly validated animal model of schizophrenia.We studied the role of GABA(B) receptors in the spontaneous PPI deficits displayed by DBA/2J mice.We tested the effects of baclofen (1.25-5 mg/kg, intraperitoneal [i.p.]) in DBA/2J and C57BL/6J mice, in comparison to the antipsychotic drugs haloperidol (1 mg/kg, i.p.) and clozapine (5 mg/kg, i.p.). Furthermore, we investigated the expression of GABA(B) receptors in the brain of DBA/2J and C57BL/6J mice by quantitative autoradiography.Baclofen dose-dependently restored PPI deficit in DBA/2J mice, in a fashion similar to the antipsychotic clozapine (5 mg/kg, i.p.). This effect was reversed by pretreatment with the GABA(B) antagonist SCH50211 (50 mg/kg, i.p.). In contrast, baclofen did not affect PPI in C57BL/6J mice. Finally, quantitative autoradiographic analyses assessed a lower GABA(B) receptor expression in DBA/2J mice in comparison to C57BL/6J controls in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus but not in other brain regions.Our data highlight GABA(B) receptors as an important substrate for sensorimotor gating control in DBA/2J mice and encourage further investigations on the role of GABA(B) receptors in sensorimotor gating, as well as in the pathophysiology of psychotic disturbances.
- Published
- 2007
39. The spreading of the invasive sacred ibis in Italy
- Author
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Marco Cucco, Gianfranco Alessandria, Marta Bissacco, Franco Carpegna, Mauro Fasola, Alessandra Gagliardi, Laura Gola, Stefano Volponi, and Irene Pellegrino
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
Abstract The spreading of invasive species in new continents can vary from slow and limited diffusion to fast colonisations over vast new areas. We studied the sacred ibis Threskiornis aethiopicus along a 31-year period, from 1989 to 2019, with particular attention to the first area of release in NW Italy. We collected data on species distribution through observations by citizen science projects, population density by transects with distance method, breeding censuses at colonies, and post breeding censuses at roosts. The birds counted at winter roosts in NW Italy increased from a few tens up to 10,880 individuals in 2019. Sacred ibises started breeding in 1989, with a single nest in north-western Italy. The number of breeders remained very low until 2006, when both overwintering and breeding sacred ibises started to increase exponentially and expand their range throughout northern Italy with isolated breeding cases in central Italy. In 2019, the number of nests had increased to 1249 nests in 31 colonies. In NW Italy, the density of foraging birds averaged 3.9 ind./km2 in winter and 1.5 ind./km2 in the breeding period, with a mean size of the foraging groups of 8.9 and 2.1 birds respectively. Direct field observations and species distribution models (SDM) showed that foraging habitats were mainly rice fields and wetlands. A SDM applied to the whole Italian peninsula plus Sardinia and Sicily showed that the variables best related to the SDM were land class (rice fields and wetlands), altitude, and the temperature seasonality. The areas favourable for species expansion encompass all the plains of Northern Italy, and several areas of Tuscany, Latium, Sardinia, and Apulia.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Beta and gamma range EEG power-spectrum correlation with spiking discharges in DBA/2J mice absence model: role of GABA receptors
- Author
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Luigi Barberini, Giampaolo Mereu, Francesco Marrosu, Mario Manunta, Monica Puligheddu, Roberto Frau, Mauro Fà, F Genugu, and Federico Santoni
- Subjects
Agonist ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Baclofen ,medicine.drug_class ,Morpholines ,Alpha (ethology) ,Electroencephalography ,GABAB receptor ,GABA Antagonists ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Mice ,Cognition ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,Cortical Synchronization ,Theta Rhythm ,Beta (finance) ,GABA Agonists ,gamma-Aminobutyric Acid ,Cerebral Cortex ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Chemistry ,Antagonist ,Electrophysiology ,Alpha Rhythm ,Disease Models, Animal ,Endocrinology ,nervous system ,Neurology ,Delta Rhythm ,Epilepsy, Absence ,Receptors, GABA-B ,Mice, Inbred DBA ,Neurology (clinical) ,Beta Rhythm ,Neuroscience ,SCH-50911 - Abstract
Summary: Purpose: To describe the correlations between spiking pattern and EEG power spectrum frequency in DBA/2J mice, a model for murine absence seizures, after γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)B modulation. Methods: The animals were first tested with the GABAB agonist l-baclofen followed by the GABAB antagonist SCH 50911. Moreover, digital EEGs recorded under experimental conditions were processed at baseline and 10 and 20 min after l-baclofen injection. This procedure was followed by injection of the GABAB antagonist SCH50911 and by an additional EEG evaluation at 10 and 20 min from drug administration. The power spectra analysis of signals was obtained for delta (0.5–3 Hz), theta (3.5–7.5 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), beta (13–20 Hz), and gamma (21–50 Hz) frequencies. Results: The spiking pattern and power spectrum of beta activity was increased by ≤80% after administration of 5 mg/kg l-baclofen, whereas gamma power frequency decreased to the same extent. After administration of 50 mg/kg SCH 50911, spiking activity and beta power frequencies were markedly reduced (>80%), whereas gamma power increased (correlation, 0.92; p < 0.001). The remaining frequency bands were unaffected. Conclusions: This study confirms the potential of GABAB antagonists in contrasting seizure absence in rodent models and suggests the application of drugs with a similar mechanism in humans. In addition, because GABAB antagonists not only contrast seizure in rodent models of absence but also improve “cognitive” performance, it could be hypothesized that gamma increase, correlated with optimized cortical binding during coherent percepts, may produce potential cognition-enhancing effects.
- Published
- 2006
41. Whole Exome Sequencing in 16p13.11 Microdeletion Patients Reveals New Variants Through Deductive and Systems Medicine Approaches
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Paola Granata, Dario Cocciadiferro, Alessandra Zito, Chiara Pessina, Alessandro Bassani, Fabio Zambonin, Antonio Novelli, Mauro Fasano, and Rosario Casalone
- Subjects
16p13.11 microdeletion ,copy number variants (CNVs) ,whole exome sequencing (WES) ,neurodevelopmental disorders ,protein-protein interactions (PPIs) ,Genetics ,QH426-470 - Abstract
The 16p13.11 microdeletion, whose prevalence in the general population is about 0.04%, is known in literature as a predisposition factor to neurodevelopmental disorders, being found in about 0.13% of patients with schizophrenia, in 0.5–0.6% of patient with epilepsy, cognitive impairment, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and aggressiveness. The goal of this study was to identify a specific gene set pattern unique for the affected patients in comparison with other familial components. Due to the incomplete penetrance of this copy number variant (CNV), we studied by whole exome sequencing (WES), with particular regard of 850 SFARI genes, three families with an affected member carrier of inherited 16p13.11 and 16p13.11p12.3 microdeletion and one family with an affected member with a de novo 16p13.11 microdeletion. By combining a deductive approach together with personalized network models, we identified gene signatures potentially capable of explaining the clinical phenotype. Candidate variants in genes of interest were identified as possibly involved in determining the neurological phenotype of the four patients, such as compound heterozygosity in CECR2, variants in MTOR and RICTOR genes, compound heterozygous single nucleotide variants in the LRRK2 gene. Moreover, genes present in the microdeletion region were partially present as central nodes, with a focus on NDE1. No additional pathogenetic or uncertain CNVs were found in all four patients. No significant variants were detected in genes included in the microdeletion in patients 1, 2 and 3, excluding the finding of unmasked recessive variants. In conclusion, WES is a fundamental tool in the genetic investigation of patients having a predisposing variant, which is not sufficient to define the clinical phenotype. Moreover, the analysis of WES data using Systems medicine tools, such as personalized network models, led to the prioritization of genes on a high throughput scale and to discover variants in genes that were not prioritized at first.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Incorporation and metabolism of c9,t11 and t10,c12 conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) isomers in rat brain
- Author
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Elisabetta Murru, Andrea Diana, Valeria Sogos, Mauro Fà, Lina Cordeddu, Sebastiano Banni, Gianfranca Carta, and Maria Paola Melis
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Conjugated linoleic acid ,Adipose tissue ,Biology ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Isomerism ,In vivo ,Cerebellum ,Animals ,Linoleic Acids, Conjugated ,Molecular Biology ,Beta oxidation ,chemistry.chemical_classification ,integumentary system ,Brain ,food and beverages ,Fatty acid ,Cell Biology ,Metabolism ,Peroxisome ,In vitro ,Rats ,chemistry ,Biochemistry ,Astrocytes ,Female ,lipids (amino acids, peptides, and proteins) - Abstract
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has been shown to exert several biological activities in different organs, in particular organs such as adipose and mammary tissue where CLA accumulates preferentially because of its high incorporation into neutral lipids. However, despite numerous studies carried out in different experimental models, both in vivo and in vitro, very little is known about the accumulation and metabolism of CLA in the brain. In this communication we present data showing that the two CLA isomers c9,t11 and t10,c12 are actively incorporated and metabolised in rat brain, and in cultures of astrocytes in vitro with patterns remarkably similar to those previously reported to occur in other tissues and cells. However, beta oxidation of CLA was found to be more efficient in brain than in other tissues, with t10,c12 a better substrate than the c9,t11 isomer. CLA incorporation and metabolism have been linked to antiinflammatory and antiproliferative activities in experimental models. Therefore, CLA activity in brain could have a positive impact on neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and adrenoleukodystrophy, where an observed increase in inflammatory responses seems to contribute heavily to the pathogenesis.
- Published
- 2005
43. Activation of D1, but not D2 receptors potentiates dizocilpine-mediated disruption of prepulse inhibition of the startle
- Author
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Giampaolo Mereu, Marco Orru, Paola Salis, Roberto Frau, Gian Nicola Aru, Alberto Casti, Mauro Fà, Grant Christopher Luckey, Gian Luigi Gessa, and Marco Bortolato
- Subjects
Agonist ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Reflex, Startle ,medicine.drug_class ,Pharmacology ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Quinpirole ,Internal medicine ,Dopamine receptor D2 ,medicine ,Haloperidol ,Animals ,Prepulse inhibition ,SCH-23390 ,Receptors, Dopamine D2 ,Receptors, Dopamine D1 ,Benzazepines ,Rats ,Dizocilpine ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Endocrinology ,chemistry ,Dopamine Agonists ,NMDA receptor ,Dopamine Antagonists ,2,3,4,5-Tetrahydro-7,8-dihydroxy-1-phenyl-1H-3-benzazepine ,Dizocilpine Maleate ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Although substantial evidence has shown interactions between glutamatergic and dopaminergic systems play a cardinal role in the regulation of attentional processes, their involvement in informational filtering has been poorly investigated. Chiefly, little research has focused on functional correlations between the dopaminergic system and the mechanism of action of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists on sensorimotor gating. The present study was targeted at evaluating whether the activation of D1 and D2 receptors is able to interact with the disruption of prepulse inhibition (PPI) of startle mediated by dizocilpine, a selective, noncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist. We tested the effects of SKF 38393 ((+/-)-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-(1H)-3-benzazepine-7,8-diol) (10 mg/kg, s.c.), a selective D1 agonist, and quinpirole (0.3, 0.6 mg/kg, s.c.), a D2 agonist, in rats, per se and in cotreatment with different doses of dizocilpine, ranging from 0.0015 to 0.15 mg/kg (s.c.). Subsequently, the effect of the D1 antagonist SCH 23390 ((R)-(+)-7-chloro-8-hydroxy-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-3-benzazepine) (0.05, 0.1 mg/kg, s.c.) on PPI disruptions mediated by dizocilpine and by combination of dizocilpine and SKF 38393 was tested. Two further experiments were performed to verify whether the synergic effect of the D1 agonist with dizocilpine was counteracted by effective doses of haloperidol (0.1, 0.5 mg/kg, i.p.) and clozapine (5, 10 mg/kg, i.p.). All experiments were carried out using standard procedures for the assessment of PPI of the acoustic startle reflex. SKF 38393, while unable to impair sensorimotor gating alone, induced PPI disruption in cotreatment with 0.05 and 0.15 mg/kg of dizocilpine, both ineffective per se. Furthermore, this effect was reversed by SCH 23390, but not by haloperidol or clozapine. Conversely, no synergistic effect was exhibited between quinpirole and dizocilpine, at any given dose. These findings suggest that D1, but not D2 receptors, enhance the disruptive effect of dizocilpine on PPI.
- Published
- 2004
44. Electrophysiological and pharmacological characteristics of nigral dopaminergic neurons in the conscious, head-restrained rat
- Author
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Mauro, Fà, Giampaolo, Mereu, Veronica, Ghiglieri, Alessandra, Meloni, Paola, Salis, and Gian Luigi, Gessa
- Subjects
Male ,Apomorphine ,Consciousness ,Dopamine ,Electrophysiology ,Head-restrained rat ,Neuroleptics ,Substantia nigra ,Action Potentials ,Anesthesia ,Anesthetics, Intravenous ,Animals ,Chloral Hydrate ,Dopamine Agonists ,Dopamine Antagonists ,Haloperidol ,Immobilization ,Neurons ,Organ Culture Techniques ,Rats ,Rats, Sprague-Dawley ,Substantia Nigra ,Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience ,Anesthetics ,Sprague-Dawley ,Intravenous - Abstract
Extracellular single-unit recordings of nigral dopamine (DA) neurons were obtained from conscious rats habituated to having their body suspended in a cloth jacket and their head immobilized in the stereotaxic frame by means of a "restraining platform" permanently fixed to the skull. The electrophysiological characteristics of DA neurons from head-restrained rats and their responses to apomorphine and haloperidol were compared with single-unit recordings obtained from rats lightly and deeply anesthetized with chloral hydrate and from mesencephalic slices. Head-restrained rats showed a higher number of spontaneously active DA neurons and a higher percentage of bursting neurons than lightly and deeply anesthetized rats. Indeed, bursting activity was rare in deeply anesthetized rats and was totally absent in slices. Haloperidol was more potent and effective in stimulating the firing rate and bursting activity in head-restrained than in lightly anesthetized rats, while it was virtually ineffective in deeply anesthetized rats and totally ineffective in slices. On the other hand, DA neurons in head-restrained rats showed the same average firing rate as DA neurons in lightly and deeply anesthetized rats and in slices. The potency of apomorphine in inhibiting the firing rate, and that of haloperidol in reversing apomorphine effect, did not vary among the different in vivo preparations. The results suggest that chloral hydrate anesthesia blunts or suppresses not only the excitatory inputs which normally sustain the number of spontaneously active DA neurons and their bursting activity, but also the feedback excitation of DA neurons following haloperidol-induced D(2) receptor blockade. On the other hand, chloral hydrate anesthesia modifies neither D(2) autoreceptor sensitivity to apomorphine and haloperidol nor the automatic genesis of action potentials. The head-restrained rat appears to be an important model for studies into the pharmacology and physiology of DA neurons.
- Published
- 2003
45. Prenatal exposure to a cannabinoid agonist produces memory deficits linked to dysfunction in hippocampal long-term potentiation and glutamate release
- Author
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Vincenzo Cuomo, Tiziana Antonelli, Sergio Tanganelli, Gian Luigi Gessa, Veronica Ghiglieri, Maria Tattoli, Luca Ferraro, Raffaele Cagiano, Mauro Fà, and Giampaolo Mereu
- Subjects
Male ,Cannabinoid receptor ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Microdialysis ,Receptors, Drug ,Long-Term Potentiation ,Wistar ,Hippocampus ,Hippocampal formation ,Pregnancy ,Receptors ,Receptors, Cannabinoid ,Cells, Cultured ,Cultured ,Multidisciplinary ,Glutamate receptor ,Long-term potentiation ,Biological Sciences ,Electrophysiology ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Female ,Drug ,cultures ,delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol ,dopaminergic-neurons ,follow-up ,localization ,marijuana exposure ,mechanisms ,rat cerebral-cortex ,receptor ,synaptic transmission ,Agonist ,medicine.medical_specialty ,medicine.drug_class ,Cells ,Morpholines ,Glutamic Acid ,Marijuana Smoking ,Animals ,Avoidance Learning ,Benzoxazines ,Humans ,Memory ,Motor Activity ,Naphthalenes ,Rats ,Rats, Wistar ,Genetics ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Cannabinoid ,business.industry ,Glutamic acid ,Endocrinology ,business - Abstract
To investigate the possible long-term consequences of gestational exposure to cannabinoids on cognitive functions, pregnant rats were administered with the CB1 receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 (WIN), at a dose (0.5 mg/kg) that causes neither malformations nor overt signs of toxicity. Prenatal WIN exposure induced a disruption of memory retention in 40- and 80-day-old offspring subjected to a passive avoidance task. A hyperactive behavior at the ages of 12 and 40 days was also found. The memory impairment caused by the gestational exposure to WIN was correlated with alterations of hippocampal long-term potentiation (LTP) and glutamate release. LTP induced in CA3–CA1 synapses decayed faster in brain slices of rats born from WIN-treated dams, whereas posttetanic and short-term potentiation were similar to the control group. In line with LTP shortening, in vivo microdialysis showed a significant decrease in basal and K + -evoked extracellular glutamate levels in the hippocampus of juvenile and adult rats born from WIN-treated dams. A similar reduction in glutamate outflow was also observed in primary cell cultures of hippocampus obtained from pups born from mothers exposed to WIN. The decrease in hippocampal glutamate outflow appears to be the cause of LTP disruption, which in turn might underlie, at least in part, the long-lasting impairment of cognitive functions caused by the gestational exposure to this cannabinoid agonist. These findings could provide an explanation of cognitive alterations observed in children born from women who use marijuana during pregnancy.
- Published
- 2003
46. Assessing the influence of French vaccine critics during the two first years of the COVID-19 pandemic
- Author
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Mauro Faccin, Floriana Gargiulo, Laëtitia Atlani-Duault, and Jeremy K. Ward
- Subjects
Medicine ,Science - Abstract
When the threat of COVID-19 became widely acknowledged, many hoped that this pandemic would squash “the anti-vaccine movement”. However, when vaccines started arriving in rich countries at the end of 2020, it appeared that vaccine hesitancy might be an issue even in the context of this major pandemic. Does it mean that the mobilization of vaccine-critical activists on social media is one of the main causes of this reticence to vaccinate against COVID-19? In this paper, we wish to contribute to current work on vaccine hesitancy during the COVID-19 pandemic by looking at one of the many mechanisms which can cause reticence towards vaccines: the capacity of vaccine-critical activists to influence a wider public on social media. We analyze the evolution of debates over the COVID-19 vaccine on the French Twittosphere, during two first years of the pandemic, with a particular attention to the spreading capacity of vaccine-critical websites. We address two main questions: 1) Did vaccine-critical contents gain ground during this period? 2) Who were the main actors in the diffusion of these contents? While debates over vaccines experienced a tremendous surge during this period, the share of vaccine-critical contents in these debates remains stable except for a limited number of short periods associated with specific events. Secondly, analyzing the community structure of the re-tweets hyper-graph, we reconstruct the mesoscale structure of the information flows, identifying and characterizing the major communities of users. We analyze their role in the information ecosystem: the largest right-wing community has a typical echo-chamber behavior collecting all the vaccine-critical tweets from outside and recirculating it inside the community. The smaller left-wing community is less permeable to vaccine-critical contents but, has a large capacity to spread it once adopted.
- Published
- 2022
47. Prenatal low-level exposure to CO alters postnatal development of hippocampal nitric oxide synthase and haem-oxygenase activities in rats
- Author
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Luca Steardo, Luigia Trabace, Andrea Vaccari, Mauro Fà, Raffaele Cagiano, Pierluigi Saba, Addolorata Coluccia, Maria Tattoli, Stefania Ruiu, Vincenzo Cuomo, and Giampaolo Mereu
- Subjects
Gene isoform ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Nitric Oxide Synthase Type I ,Hippocampal formation ,Hippocampus ,Carbon monoxide ,haem-oxygenase ,hippocampus ,nitric oxide synthase ,prenatal exposure ,Hemoglobins ,Pregnancy ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,Animals ,Pharmacology (medical) ,Rats, Wistar ,Pharmacology ,Developmental profile ,Carbon Monoxide ,biology ,Chemistry ,Long-term potentiation ,Low level exposure ,medicine.disease ,Haem Oxygenase ,Rats ,Nitric oxide synthase ,Isoenzymes ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,Endocrinology ,Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ,Heme Oxygenase (Decyclizing) ,biology.protein ,Female ,Nitric Oxide Synthase - Abstract
The effects of prenatal CO exposure (150 ppm from days 0 to 20 of pregnancy) on the postnatal development of hippocampal neuronal NO synthase (nNOS) and haem-oxygenase (HO-2) isoform activities in 15-, 30- and 90-d-old rats were investigated. Unlike HO-2, hippocampal nNOS activity increased from postnatal days 15-90 in controls. Prenatal CO produced a long-lasting decrease in either nNOS or HO-2. The results suggest that the altered developmental profile of hippocampal nNOS and HO-2 activities could be involved in cognitive deficits and long-term potentiation dysfunction exhibited by rats prenatally exposed to CO levels resulting in carboxyhaemoglobin (HbCO) levels equivalent to those observed in human cigarette smokers.
- Published
- 2001
48. Toward Gas-Phase Thermometry Using Pure-Rotational Impulsive Stimulated Raman Scattering Spectroscopy with a Low-Energy Femtosecond Oscillator
- Author
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Mauro Falconieri, Davide Tedeschi, Serena Gagliardi, Flaminia Rondino, Michele Marrocco, and Waruna D. Kulatilaka
- Subjects
impulsive stimulated Raman scattering (ISRS) ,rotational spectroscopy ,gas-phase diagnostics ,Technology ,Engineering (General). Civil engineering (General) ,TA1-2040 ,Biology (General) ,QH301-705.5 ,Physics ,QC1-999 ,Chemistry ,QD1-999 - Abstract
Femtosecond coherent Raman techniques have significant diagnostic value for the sensitive and non-intrusive measurement of temperature, pressure, and composition of gas mixtures. Due to the low density of samples, however, such measurements make use of high-energy amplified laser sources, with unwieldy and costly experimental setups. In this paper, we demonstrate an experimental setup equipped with a low-energy and low-average-power femtosecond oscillator allowing measurement of the pure-rotational spectrum of nitrogen down to atmospheric pressure using impulsive stimulated Raman scattering. Using a simplified model to analyze the experimental data we were able to derive the gas temperature with reasonable accuracy.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Corrigendum: See & Eat! Using E-books to Promote Vegetable Eating Among Preschoolers: Findings From an Italian Sample
- Author
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Marcella Caputi, Katrina May Dulay, Daniela Bulgarelli, Carmel Houston-Price, Giuseppina Cerrato, Mauro Fanelli, Natalie A. Masento, and Paola Molina
- Subjects
vegetable intake ,visual familiarity ,visual exposure ,healthy eating ,food fussiness ,mealtime goal ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. See & Eat! Using E-books to Promote Vegetable Eating Among Preschoolers: Findings From an Italian Sample
- Author
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Marcella Caputi, Katrina May Dulay, Daniela Bulgarelli, Carmel Houston-Price, Giuseppina Cerrato, Mauro Fanelli, Natalie A. Masento, and Paola Molina
- Subjects
vegetable intake ,visual familiarity ,visual exposure ,healthy eating ,food fussiness ,mealtime goal ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Different strategies have been developed to help parents with introducing new or disliked vegetables. Nonetheless, many parents of preschoolers struggle against children's refusal to eat vegetables. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of e-books in promoting positive attitudes toward vegetables through repeated visual exposures. A total of 61 families with preschoolers joined the See & Eat study and received an e-book about one of two vegetables chosen from a list of 24. Parents provided ratings of children's willingness to taste, intake, and liking of the chosen vegetables before and after reading the e-book; parents also evaluated their children's food fussiness and their agreement with respect to three mealtime goals of the family. Using a 2 (vegetable: target or non-target) × 2 (time: pre-test or post-test) within-subjects analysis, results from 53 families revealed a significant increase in children's willingness to taste, intake, and liking at post-test of both target and non-target vegetables. Following a two-week parent-child e-book reading intervention, children's food fussiness and parents' endorsement of positive mealtime goals slightly but significantly increased. Results suggest that e-books are effective in encouraging healthy eating among preschoolers and that the positive effect of e-book reading can generalize to other vegetables.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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