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We developed a genomic surveillance program for real-time monitoring of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) variants of concern (VOCs) in Uruguay. We report on a PCR method for SARS-CoV-2 VOCs, the surveillance workflow, and multiple independent introductions and community transmission of the SARS-CoV-2 P.1 VOC in Uruguay.

During the first nine months of the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, Uruguay successfully kept it under control, even when our previous studies support a recurrent viral flux across the Uruguayan-Brazilian border that sourced several local outbreaks in Uruguay. However, towards the end of 2020, a remarkable exponential growth was observed and the TETRIS strategy was lost. Here, we aimed to understand the factors that fueled SARS-CoV-2 viral dynamics during the first epidemic wave in the country. We recovered 84 whole viral genomes from patients diagnosed between November, 2020 and February, 2021 in Rocha, a sentinel eastern Uruguayan department bordering Brazil. The lineage B.1.1.28 was the most prevalent in Rocha during November-December 2020, P.2 became the dominant one during January-February 2021, while the first P.1 sequences corresponds to February, 2021. The lineage replacement process agrees with that observed in several Brazilian states, including Rio Grande do Sul (RS). We observed a one to three month delay between the appearance of P.2 and P.1 in RS and their subsequent detection in Rocha. The phylogenetic analysis detected two B.1.1.28 and one P.2 main Uruguayan SARS-CoV-2 clades, introduced from the southern and southeastern Brazilian regions into Rocha between early November and mid December, 2020. One synonymous mutation distinguishes the sequences of the main B.1.1.28 clade in Rocha from those widely distributed in RS. The minor B.1.1.28 cluster, distinguished by several mutations, harbours non-synonymous changes in the Spike protein: Q675H and Q677H, so far not concurrently reported. The convergent appearance of S:Q677H in different viral lineages and its proximity to the S1/S2 cleavage site raise concerns about its functional relevance. The observed S:E484K-VOI P.2 partial replacement of previously circulating lineages in Rocha might have increased transmissibility as suggested by the significant decrease in Ct values. Our study emphasizes the impact of Brazilian SARS-CoV-2 epidemics in Uruguay and the need of reinforcing real-time genomic surveillance on specific Uruguayan border locations, as one of the key elements for achieving long-term COVID-19 epidemic control.

Few-shot learning is a fairly new technique that specialize in problems where we have little amount of data. The goal of this method is to classify categories that hasn’t been seen before with just a handful of samples. Recent approaches, such as metric learning, adopt the meta-learning setting in which we have episodic tasks conformed by support (training) data and query (test) data. Metric learning methods has demonstrated that simple models can achieve good performance, by learning a similarity function to compare the support and the query data. However, the feature space learned by the metric learning may not exploit the information given by a specific few-shot task. In this work, we explore the use of dimension reduction techniques as a way to find task-significant features. We measure the performance of the reduced features by giving a score based on the intra-class and inter-class distance, and select the method in which instances of different classes are distant and instances of the same class are close. This module helps to improve the accuracy performance by allowing the similarity function, given by the metric learning method, to have more discriminative features for the classification.

We developed a genomic surveillance program for real-time monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern in Uruguay. Here, we present the first results, including the proposed qPCR-VOC method, the general workflow and the report of the introduction and community transmission of the VOC P.1 in Uruguay in multiple independent events.

Few-shot learning is a relatively new technique that specializes in problems where we have little amounts of data. The goal of these methods is to classify categories that have not been seen before with just a handful of samples. Recent approaches, such as metric learning, adopt the meta-learning strategy in which we have episodic tasks conformed by support (training) data and query (test) data. Metric learning methods have demonstrated that simple models can achieve good performance by learning a similarity function to compare the support and the query data. However, the feature space learned by a given metric learning approach may not exploit the information given by a specific few-shot task. In this work, we explore the use of dimension reduction techniques as a way to find task-significant features helping to make better predictions. We measure the performance of the reduced features by assigning a score based on the intra-class and inter-class distance, and selecting a feature reduction method in which instances of different classes are far away and instances of the same class are close. This module helps to improve the accuracy performance by allowing the similarity function, given by the metric learning method, to have more discriminative features for the classification. Our method outperforms the metric learning baselines in the miniImageNet dataset by around 2% in accuracy performance.

A parametric analysis was conducted to estimate the installation power for two helical piles with helix diameters of 0.6 and 0.45 m and a shaft of 0.3 m in dry cohesionless soils. After having comp...

In this chapter, we will show you what an autopilot is. We’ll also introduce the characteristics and history of the hardware and software used throughout this book, which are the ArduPilot libraries and the Pixhawk autopilot. You will learn the difference between a GUI and an SDK, and how many types of SDKs there are for programming autopilots. Additionally, we will discuss other compatible projects and you will learn to distinguish between clone and original versions.

In this chapter, you will learn key concepts for using the ArduPilot real-time working environment libraries, such as the concept of a linker, the scheduler and its parameters, how to measure the current time of a task, the parts of a scheduler-mode program, and a really simple and understandable code demo for starting real time.

In this chapter, we will teach you how to program a vehicle with the previous knowledge acquired. This chapter will guide you through the basics of automatic control, modeling, and the tool known as an allocation matrix, which is very useful for linking theory with practice. All this will be shown with a specific use-case: the quadcopter. By the end of this chapter, you’ll be able to use the skills learned with any other type of robotic vehicle.

This chapter will refresh your knowledge about certain concepts that will be useful throughout the rest of the book. First, you will learn about common robotic components employed with the autopilot, such as spatial pose, getter and setter concepts, variables, functions, modules, objects, coding and installation differences, and computational efficiency. Concerning the ArduPilot libraries, you will learn the usual parts of ArduPilot code and the archetypes of programming.

In this chapter, you will learn about the file types and some specific types of variables that are usually employed with the ArduPilot libraries. You will learn the programming flow we recommend using for the development of projects. You’ll also see how to create projects and identify errors using the example of the Eclipse interface development environment (IDE) that comes preloaded with the version of the libraries included with this book. Finally, you’ll explore the use of the ArduPilot libraries in conjunction with development boards.

In this chapter, you will learn to code with the ArduPilot libraries. This chapter focuses on what we consider the most important basic input and output operations: terminal writing and reading, radio control reading, how to use analog and digital ports, how to read the battery, how to use the onboard main LED, and most importantly, how to read and filter position and orientation signals, which are essential in order to command a vehicle.

In this chapter, the functions previously described are combined into a real-time code with their respective modules. Some other functions not added in the sequential code are included, simply to demonstrate the versatility of the real-time mode in the assignment and hierarchy of auxiliary tasks.

The potential application of offshore helical pile systems is currently under the attention of the geotechnical community. This paper considers a theoretical analysis of different helical piles wit...

Es muy probable que, antes que la experiencia misma de la vida, lo que nos constituye y nos otorga sentido, sea la versión que podamos construir a partir de esa experiencia. Su memoria. Pero esa construcción no se da, bajo ninguna circunstancia, de manera natural o desinteresada. Todo lo contrario, el territorio que ocupa es básicamente conflictivo, hecho de pura tensión, de forcejeos sin tregua al final de los cuales se resuelve una imposición: alguien, algunos, consiguen obligar a los demás a reconocer su versión, como la versión de todos, lo que implica, en definitiva, olvidar su artificialidad básica, pasar por alto su naturaleza arbitraria y por lo tanto, perfeccionar, de manera casi siempre tácita y silenciosa, su naturalización. Así las cosas, y en consecuencia de tamaña truculencia, los hechos y las experiencias que constituyen nuestro día a día, se nos dan de una manera que podríamos calificar de incontestable.Están ahí: ocupan su momento y su lugar, despliegan sus circunstancias. Su contundencia es tal, que el armazón entero de eso que llamamos realidad, construye sobre el poder de esa evidencia el conjunto pleno de sus estrategias y complejidades. Confianza descomunal, pues esa realidad, tan airosa y, en tantas oportunidades, tan arrogante, termina constituyéndose en mundo. En nuestro mundo. El único que, aparentemente, nos corresponde y que se nos impone en la “verdad” de la experiencia y de la memoria.

Se afirma con frecuencia que la ciudad es una creación de los hombres. Sin embargo,cabría preguntarse —cuando menos en un sentido figurado— si no sería lo contrario.La ciudad tal vez sea la verdadera inventora, la constructora, la creadora de los sereshumanos. Es muy difícil imaginar, cuando menos en nuestros días, la existencia deuna persona despojada por completo de una relación con la ciudad. Aun bajo la formadel rechazo y el alejamiento, incluso desde la repugnancia o la búsqueda de alternativasde sociabilidad —modos de relacionarse a “escala humana”—, la ciudad aparececomo la mayor forma política de la historia.

La constitución de la Republica reconoce al sistema económico como social y solidario e integrado por los sectores público, privado y popular y solidario. Al referirse al sistema financiero, señala que cada uno de estos sectores contara con normas y entidades de control específicas y diferenciadas que se encargaran de preservar su seguridad estabilidad, trasparencia y solidez. En el desarrollo del marco constitucional. El 10 de Mayo del 2011 se promulga la Ley Orgánica de la Economía Popular Y Solidaria y del Sector Financiero Popular Solidario (LOEPS) Y EL 27 de Febrero del 2012, su Reglamento General, en los que se configura la institucionalidad para este importante sector económico sustentándole en cinco ejes : rectoría, regulación, control, fomento y financiamiento. La Superintendencia de Economía Popular Y solidaria como parte de la función de trasparencia y control social, desde el 5 de junio del 2012 inicia el proceso de construcción institucional, sustentado en un plan estratégico y operativo perfectamente direccionado a la consecución de su visón y misión basado para ellos en LOEPS pilares de recursos, procesos, regulación control y ciudadanía. Por intermedio de los citadosejerceremos las atribuciones encomendadas en los artículos 147 de la LOEPS y 154 de su Reglamento entre ellas controlar de las actividades económicas y sociales del sector de la economía popular y solidaria y velar por la estabilidad, solidez y correcto funcionamiento de las organizaciones que la conforman. La `presente investigación tiene como objetivo determinar el efecto en el nivel de aceptación que genera la LOEPS y su reglamento en la comunidad que intervienen en los procesos productivos de las cooperativas y entidades que se encuentran ancladas a la Superintendencia de Economía Popular y Solidaria, además de entender el sentido de pertenecía de las instituciones con el contexto social y los clientes actuales y potenciales que genera el cooperativismo en el Ecuador, resultados que se obtienen de un estudio de investigación descriptiva basa en los métodos de observación y análisis de resultados que se obtuvieron en el contexto de los usuarios de los servicios que entregan a la sociedad estas instituciones. Palabras claves: economía, sistema financiero, cooperativas, estabilidad, gobierno.

We introduce a new kind of aerial manipulator based on multirotors. This device exploits the rarely used yaw movement which characterizes these aircrafts in order to generate and transmit forces and displacements trough a serial-chain of rigid links and other drones, as if the whole system was a flying robot arm with UAVS as rotational joints. Also we provide comparisons with the existing technologies and a condensed review concerning them. Finally, this paper proposes many open problems in order to develop the final system. Due to the scientific and social impact of this new approach, we provide some application examples.

ResumenUna de las fotografías más célebres de Jesús Abad Colorado, muestra una escena en la cual dos personajes, Karina, una niña de corta edad, y Misael, su padre, huyen, acarreando sus pertenencias más preciadas, de un grupo armado que los persigue. Se trataría, simplemente, de una imagen más que da cuenta de las tribulaciones que han vivido, y viven, infinidad de seres humanos expulsados de sus territorios a causa de la guerra que azota al país desde hace décadas. Y, sin embargo, haciendo eco de la sutileza y la profundidad con la que el pensador alemán Aby Warburg se enfrenta a las imágenes, ésta en particular se encuentra muy distante de la continuidad simple de la percepción cotidiana. Hay allí sobrevivencias de un ritual bárbaro que, a pesar de haber, en apariencia, sido borrado de la faz de la tierra, se encuentra allí y coexiste atrozmente con la civilización.