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In diesem Handbuch für Lehrkräfte werden alle aktuellen Tests und ihre Konstruktionen der Lernbereiche Lesen und Rechtschreiben der Plattform Levumi beschrieben . Dazu gehören Tests zur Leseflüssigkeit, zum sinnentnehmenden Lesen sowie zum Rechtschreiben. Mit diesen Instrumenten werden Veränderungen in der Lese- bzw. Rechtschreibkompetenz über kurze Zeitintervalle dokumentiert und analysiert. Alle Tests sind kompetenzorientiert, sodass sie für die Schüler/-innen individuell ausgesucht werden. Wenn eine Schülerin oder ein Schüler die Voraussetzungen (z.B. Wissen über bestimmte Buchstaben einer Niveaustufe) für eine Niveaustufe erfüllt, werden diese zur Überprüfung der Effektivität des Unterrichts bzw. der Förderung genutzt.

Global food supply is largely dependent on staple crops; amongst them bread wheat (Triticum aestivum, L.). To secure quantity and quality of food worldwide, new sustainable agricultural strategies are needed. An option is the replacement of finite rock phosphate with renewable phosphorus sources, for example algal biomass. Wheat roots can acquire similar amounts of phosphorus from algae as compared to rock phosphate sources, but show alterations in morphology1. Therefore we hypothesize that (1) algal phosphorus is available to wheat and is taken up by the root systems directly, and (2) differences in root morphology between rock phosphate and algal biomass reflect a change in uptake mode. Our approach will combine chemical characterization of algal fertilizer and its degradation with mass balance analyses and plant phenotyping experiments to quantify the phosphorus forms and their uptake mode by wheat and its root system. EcoFABs (Ecosystem FABbrications) will be utilized for sterile cultivation of single plants of wheat and its model Brachypodium, treated with algae. EcoFABs were developed for live-analysis of the root and the rhizosphere by microscopy in controlled micro-environments2. Temporally resolved analysis of the medium will support the exploration of dynamics in phosphorus pools and the identification of inorganic and organic forms used by plants. We expect that algal nutrients can and will be utilized by the plant and that we will observe changes in morphology, metabolism and exudate composition in and around the root. The overall aim is to identify traits that will allow efficient application of algae fertilizer for agricultural systems.1. C. Schreiber et al., J. Appl. Phycol. 30, 2827–2836 (2018).2. J. Gao et al., J. Vis. Exp., 1–16 (2018).

One of the big challenges facing humanity is securing food and feed for future generations in a sustainable bioeconomy. The way fertilizer is used today aims at high yields without adequately considering the needs of plants and the preservation of our environment. The microalgae Chlorella vulgaris has been successfully used as a vector system to recycle phosphorus. Our group found additionally that C. vulgaris can fertilize wheat and modify the root architecture. The underlying mechanisms have not yet been investigated, and as a consequence, we hypothesize that: (1) nutrients from algae are available to wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) root uptake; (2) roots respond to algae fertilizer with changes in root architecture and morphology that are different to conventional fertilizer; and (3) active response of roots to algal nutrients is reflected in an alternate mode of nutrient uptake. We are analyzing single plants in highly controlled microenvironments that allow the direct observation of morphological changes at the root micro- and macroscales. Simultaneously, we quantify changes in the phosphate pools released and transformed from algal components into the medium, their uptake from the medium, and their incorporation into the plant. These dynamics will allow the identification of the fertilizing phosphate components of the algal biomass. Their separation into different organic and inorganic fractions will allow the identification of the specific components available to root uptake. Effects of components on roots and the plant’s nutrition will be assessed by metabolomics. We are using the genetic model for wheat, Brachypodium distachyon, because it is suited to phenotyping, genotyping and interpretation of metabolomics. A better understanding of the interface between algal nutrients and the root may enable future agricultural applications with sustainable use of algal biomass after it has been mined for other valuable compounds.