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Pneumatic and electro-pneumatic mechanisms are a necessary component in the operation of production machinery and equipment. Their great development and wide application, especially in the last few years, have contributed to their advantageous characteristics, but also to their affordability. Reliability, safety at work, but also speed of operation together with control issues are such facts which are important to fully respect nowadays when designing assembly. With the progressive development of new processes, more sophisticated automation elements and, last but not least, management and control systems are associated. When designing a pick and place application, it is necessary to analyse the possibility and availability of using collaborative robots. This paper discusses the preliminary stages of the process of optimizing work movements and defines the "pick and place" of collaborative robots with the design of pneumatic and electro-pneumatic control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the developing industry, the speed of technology advancement, there is a constant demand for innovation, streamlining the production process. One of the serious drawbacks and negatives affecting the input costs of the entire production process is the defectiveness of products, non-defectiveness and unforeseen, unplanned failures of elements in production. It is by unambiguous determination, definition and specification of the causes of product defects, with the use of innovative devices, that we can eliminate or eliminate these failures, defects. The article describes a case study in the glass industry and the exact definition of defects in glass products. Glass is one of the most famous technical products with exceptional properties, the development of which is linked to the development, production and service of glass in the industry, glass intended for aerospace and shipping companies, as well as for gastronomy and household. Of course, all with regard to its specific characteristic, which is certainly fragility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common malignant tumor of the central nervous system. Median survival of glioblastoma patients under standard therapy including radiotherapy and chemotherapy using temozolomide (TMZ) is 14.6 months. As cell culture experiments combining D,L-methadone with doxorubicin demonstrated an increased reduction of cell viability of glioblastoma cells, the opioid has been discussed as a drug for the treatment of GBM. Despite lack of clinical and experimental evidence that D,L-methadone in combination with standard therapy will be beneficial, an increasing number of tumor patients medicating themselves with D,L-methadone present to the hospitals in Germany., Methods: As a first step towards understanding whether D,L-methadone may increase the efficacy of standard therapy, we used a cell culture model of primary GBM and fibroblast cell cultures derived from GBM patients. The cultures were treated with different concentrations of D,L-methadone in combination with X-irradiation, TMZ or both. Cell viability was determined by measuring ATP in cell lysates and dehydrogenase activity in living cells., Results: When only treated with D,L-methadone, 1 µM of the opioid was sufficient to reduce viability of fibroblasts, whereas 10 µM was needed to significantly reduce glioblastoma cell viability. In addition, D,L-methadone did not improve the anti-neoplastic effects of X-irradiation, temozolomide or both., Conclusions: As D,L-methadone reduces glioblastoma cell viability only when concentrations are used that had been reported to be toxic to patients and as there were no interactions observable combining it with standard therapy, a recommendation for the use of D,L-methadone in glioblastoma therapy cannot be given.