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Violence can be committed anywhere, even in crowded places. It is hence necessary to monitor human activities for public safety. Surveillance cameras can monitor surrounding activities but require human assistance to continuously monitor every incident. Automatic violence detection is needed for early warning and fast response. However, such automation is still challenging because of low video resolution and blind spots. This paper uses ResNet50v2 and the gated recurrent unit (GRU) algorithm to detect violence in the Movies, Hockey, and Crowd video datasets. Spatial features were extracted from each frame sequence of the video using a pretrained model from ResNet50V2, which was then classified using the optimal trained model on the GRU architecture. The experimental results were then compared with wavelet feature extraction methods and classification models, such as the convolutional neural network and long short-term memory. The results show that the proposed combination of ResNet50V2 and GRU is robust and delivers the best performance in terms of accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-score. The use of ResNet50V2 for feature extraction can improve model performance.

Abstract Converting waste into high-value products promotes sustainability by reducing waste and creating new revenue streams. This study investigates the potential of diverse yeasts for microbial oil production by utilizing short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) that can be produced from organic waste and focuses on identifying strains with the best SCFA utilisation, tolerance and lipid production. A collection of 1434 yeast strains was cultivated with SCFAs as the sole carbon source. Eleven strains emerged as candidates with promising growth rates and high lipid accumulation. Subsequent fermentation experiments in liquid SCFA-rich media, which focused on optimizing lipid accumulation by adjusting the carbon to nitrogen (C/N) ratio, showed an increase in lipid content at a C/N ratio of 200:1, but with a concurrent reduction in biomass. Two strains were characterized by their superior ability to produce lipids compared to the reference strain Yarrowia lipolytica CECT124: Y. lipolytica EXF-17398 and Pichia manshurica EXF-7849. Characterization of these two strains indicated that they exhibit a biotechnologically relevant balance between maximizing lipid yield and maintaining growth at high SCFA concentrations. These results emphasize the potential of using SCFAs as a sustainable feedstock for oleochemical production, offering a dual benefit of waste valorisation and microbial oil production.

How dyslexia students solve number operations is still challenging to unravel. This study aimed at revealing the types of errors conveyed by a dyslexic student in performing fractional operations on mathematical tasks that combined non-verbal text (symbols and pictures) and verbal text. The data were collected using a task-based interview with a 13- year-old dyslexic student that was recorded and focused on the types of errors on fractional operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division). Results depicted that the student overgeneralized whole number operations when adding two fractions with different denominators although she successfully converted the area model of fraction into a correct fraction operation, identified a common denominator but failed to change the fractions into equivalent form when subtracting two mixed fractions, failed to interpret a multiplication word problem into subtraction operation, and applied only part of the "invert and multiply" algorithm on a word problem. The assumption of the phonological disturbances that was found in the student participant's performance was not found consistently in all the given word problem.

This study aims to automatically analyze and extract abnormalities in the lung field due to Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Types of abnormalities that can be detected are Ground Glass Opacity (GGO) and consolidation. The proposed method can also identify the location of the abnormality in the lung field, that is, the central and peripheral lung area. The location and type of these abnormalities affect the severity and confidence level of a patient suffering from COVID-19. The detection results using the proposed method are compared with the results of manual detection by radiologists. From the experimental results, the proposed system can provide an average error of 0.059 for the severity score and 0.069 for the confidence level. This method has been implemented in a web-based application for general users. • A method to detect the appearance of viral pneumonia imaging features, namely Ground Glass Opacity (GGO) and consolidation on the chest Computed Tomography (CT) scan images. • This method can separate the lung field to the right lung and the left lung, and it also can identify the detected imaging feature's location in the central or peripheral of the lung field. • Severity level and confidence level of the patient's suffering are measured.

This study aimed to determine the cognitive process employed in problem-solving related to the concept of area conservation for seventh graders. Two students with different mathematical ability were chosen to be the subjects of this research. Each of them was the representative of high achievers and low achievers based on a set of area conservation test. Results indicate that both samples performed more cyclic processes on formulating solution planning, regulating solution part and detecting and correcting error during the problem-solving. However, it was found that the high achiever student performed some processes than those of low achiever. Also, while the high achiever student did not predict any outcomes of his formulated strategies, the low achiever did not carry out the thought process after detecting errors of the initial solution gained. About the concept of area conservation, the finding also reveals that within the samples' cognitive processes, the use of area formula come first before students decided to look for another strategy such as doing 'cut-rotate-paste' for the curved planes, which do not have any direct formula. The possible causes of the results were discussed to derive some recommendation for future studies.

Historically valuable canvas paintings are often exposed to conditions enabling microbial deterioration. Painting materials, mainly of organic origin, in combination with high humidity and other environmental conditions, favor microbial metabolism and growth. These preconditions are often present during exhibitions or storage in old buildings, such as churches and castles, and also in museum storage depositories. The accumulated dust serves as an inoculum for both indoor and outdoor fungi. In our study, we present the results on cultivable fungi isolated from 24 canvas paintings, mainly exhibited in Slovenian sacral buildings, dating from the 16th to 21st centuries. Fungi were isolated from the front and back of damaged and undamaged surfaces of the paintings using culture media with high- and low-water activity. A total of 465 isolates were identified using current taxonomic DNA markers and assigned to 37 genera and 98 species. The most abundant genus was Aspergillus, represented by 32 species, of which 9 xerophilic species are for the first time mentioned in contaminated paintings. In addition to the most abundant xerophilic A. vitricola, A. destruens, A. tardicrescens, and A. magnivesiculatus, xerophilic Wallemia muriae and W. canadensis, xerotolerant Penicillium chrysogenum, P. brevicompactum, P. corylophilum, and xerotolerant Cladosporium species were most frequent. When machine learning methods were used to predict the relationship between fungal contamination, damage to the painting, and the type of material present, proteins were identified as one of the most important factors and cracked paint was identified as a hotspot for fungal growth. Aspergillus species colonize paintings regardless of materials, while Wallemia spp. can be associated with animal fat. Culture media with low-water activity are suggested in such inventories to isolate and obtain an overview of fungi that are actively contaminating paintings stored indoors at low relative humidity.

This study aims to describe students' spatial abilities in solving geometrical problems of flat-sided shapes based on van Hiele's level of thinking in grade eight junior high school of SMP Negeri 1 Aikmel in the academic year 2020/2021. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. The research subjects were taken by purposive sampling, namely nine students of class VIII consisting of 3 students, each with van Hiele thinking level 0 (visualization), level 1 (analysis), and level 2 (abstraction). Subjects were selected based on having received material on plane shapes and had taken the van Hiele geometry test. Data collection techniques were van Hiele's geometry ability test, spatial ability test, and interviews. Data validity uses Aiken and triangulation methods. The results of this study indicate that: (1) subjects with level 2 (abstraction) have spatial abilities consisting of visualization, spatial orientation, and spatial rotation. (2) subjects with level 1 (analysis) have spatial abilities consisting of spatial orientation. (3) subjects with level 0 (visualization) do not have spatial abilities.

Geological studies in the seas and oceans often give preference to the study of benthic foraminifera, which are a widespread and taxonomically diverse group of shell protozoa. In this paper, we present an extensive image dataset produced during the detailed micropaleontological analysis of 146 samples of bottom sediments collected by multicorer and gravity corer AMK-5656 from the Westray Basin on the north-western Scotland shelf (North Atlantic Ocean). In total, 106 taxa (at species and genera level) of benthic foraminifera were identified and photographed using the high-resolution microscope camera. This dataset can aid as a guide for identification of the benthic foraminiferal taxa at the paleoecological studies, stratigraphic works and interregional paleoceanographic correlation in the North Atlantic Ocean.

This study aims to describe the cognitive workload of students on mental arithmetic tasks. This study is a qualitative descriptive research. Data collection was conducted on students of Class VIII-C SMPN 1 Situbondo consisting of 32 students and taken 10 students as research subjects. Data collection techniques of this study were mental arithmetic tasks, NASA-TLX questionnaires, and interviews. The data collection instruments used were mental arithmetic task questions, NASA-TLX questionnaire rating sheets, and interview guidelines. 10 research subjects were selected based on the cognitive workload and mental arithmetic of students. The results of this study showed that 6.25% were in the category of very low cognitive workload, 12.5% were in the category of low cognitive workload, 25% were in the category of moderate cognitive workload, 43.75% were in the category of high cognitive workload, and 12.5% were in the category of very high cognitive workload. Subjects with very low cognitive workload did not experience stress or difficulty when solving mental arithmetic tasks. Subjects with low cognitive workload did not experience stress or difficulty when solving mental arithmetic tasks. Subjects with moderate cognitive workload experience slight difficulties when solving mental arithmetic tasks. Subjects with a high cognitive workload experience stress to the point of making the subject feel irritated when solving mental arithmetic tasks. Subjects with very high cognitive workload experienced stress to the point of making the subject feel irritated when solving mental arithmetic tasks.

This research is aimed to describe the creative and imitative reasoning of students with reflective cognitive styles on math problem solving. The study uses a qualitative approach with a data collection instrument used of Matching Familiar Figure Tests, math ability test, mathematical problem-solving tasks, and interview guidelines. The research result studies indicate that a student with reflective cognitive style that have imitative reasoning in problem solving is less able to provide comprehensive information, still using a problem-solving strategy previously known, nor does he make a return check on the results received. It is different with reflective subjects that have proven creative reasoning capable of delivering well-known information, that can provide novel and thought-provoking solutions. Moreover, he also looking back the resulting solutions to the problem.

Available soil moisture is thought to be the limiting factor for most ecosystem processes in the cold polar desert of the McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDVs) of Antarctica. Previous studies have shown that microfauna throughout the MDVs are capable of biological activity when sufficient soil moisture is available (~2–10% gravimetric water content), but few studies have attempted to quantify the distribution, abundance, and frequency of soil moisture on scales beyond that of traditional field work or local field investigations. In this study, we present our work to quantify the soil moisture content of soils throughout the Fryxell basin using multispectral satellite remote sensing techniques. Our efforts demonstrate that ecologically relevant abundances of liquid water are common across the landscape throughout the austral summer. On average, the Fryxell basin of Taylor Valley is modeled as containing 1.5 ± 0.5% gravimetric water content (GWC) across its non-fluvial landscape with ~23% of the landscape experiencing an average GWC > 2% throughout the study period, which is the observed limit of soil nematode activity. These results indicate that liquid water in the soils of the MDVs may be more abundant than previously thought, and that the distribution and availability of liquid water is dependent on both soil properties and the distribution of water sources. These results can also help to identify ecological hotspots in the harsh polar Antarctic environment and serve as a baseline for detecting future changes in the soil hydrological regime.

The article presents an image dataset of benthic foraminifera assemblage in long sediment core AMK-5890 obtained during the 71st cruise of the research vessel Akademic Mstislav Keldysh in summer 2018 from the northwestern Iceland slope in Denmark Strait (North Atlantic Ocean). In the area of study, dense cold water masses of the East Greenland Current from the Nordic Seas contact and mix with warm salty water of the Irminger Current from the North Atlantic Ocean creating specific conditions for the benthic microfauna habitat which reflect forming the lower link of the global thermohaline circulation. The benthic foraminifera assemblages are a reliable indicator for paleooceanographic and ecological reconstructions describing the environments on the bottom in present and past. In the core AMK-5890, the benthic foraminifera assemblage consists of 63 species some of which were combined into one genus (for example, Fissurina sp.). The dominants, subdominants and species list of benthic foraminifera changed within the core depth. This image dataset helps to fill the gaps in the practical micropaleontological analysis of benthic foraminifera giving better information for the species identification from the modern and Pleistocene sediments.

This study aimed at determining the differences in the financial execution of gopublic companies as long as the COVID-19 pandemic. The financial performance of the liquidity ratio, solvency ratio, activity ratio, and profitability ratio was used as a measuring tool. The population was Indonesian Go Public companies in 2019 and 2020, while, using the purposive sampling technique, the sample was Go Public Companies in trade, services, and investment sectors. Paired sample t-test with distributed data was used as the research method. The result of the analysis shows there are dissimilarities in liquidity ratios, solvency ratios, activity ratios, and profitability ratios in 2019 (before the Covid-19 pandemic) and 2020 (during the Covid-19 pandemic) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The subpolar North Atlantic (SPNA) Ocean has complex hydrography, and moderates the global climate through the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC). The surface water mass dynamics in SPNA and the upper limb of AMOC, govern the plankton distribution. Specifically, the habitat of modern planktic foraminifera is strongly affected by the SPNA hydrography. In the present study, 25 surface sediment samples from the Labrador Sea to the Iceland-Faroe-Shetland Channel (IFSC) were examined for planktic foraminifera distribution along a latitudinal transect at 59.50°N. The planktic foraminifera distribution followed the transition in water mass structure in the study area from the Sub-Arctic water in the west to the warm North Atlantic water in the east. Temperature and salinity are two dominant ecological factors controlling planktic foraminifera assemblages in the region. This hydrographic contrast was also reflected in the ratio of Neogloboquadrina pachyderma/Neogloboquadrina incompta along the transect. Based on the cluster analysis, the planktic foraminifera assemblages could be assigned to three groups. A cold/polar group in the Labrador Sea, a mixed (both cold and warm) group in the Irminger Sea and IFSC, and a warmer temperate group in the eastern part of the transect were represented by different planktic foraminifera assemblages. Additionally, a decrease in Globorotalia inflata in the eastern transect and an increase in Turborotalita quinqueloba in the Iceland basin and Irminger Sea was observed in our study when compared with the published dataset. From this, we suggest a shift in planktic assemblages in the SPNA. The present study on the distribution of modern planktic foraminifera can help paleoceanographic reconstructions in the SPNA ocean.

Urban farming is a sustainable and adaptable farming alternative. Especially during the COVID-19 pandemic, urban farming is an efficient alternative since it does not require high mobility. This study examined the efficacy of implementing urban farming with the Community’s Economic Impact Analysis (EIA). This type of research is qualitative research with deep interview techniques by the 7 participants. The participants are the people of Kauman Village, Malang City, East Java, Indonesia. The results showed that the impact of urban farming in Kauman significantly increased the community’s Economic Impact Analysis (EIA). The public’s perception of the application of urban farming is quite good. Most people perceive the benefits of implementing urban farming, including using green land around their houses. According to Economic Impact Analysis, implementing urban farming can increase well-being in terms of food security. Community participation in implementing urban farming looks quite effective and enthusiastic so that people, individually and in groups, perceive the benefits of implementing this farming system.

Spatial ability has been recognized as a significant human skill involving the retrieval, retention, and transformation of visual information in a special context. One type of spatial ability is the skill of performing mental rotations. Mental rotation is is the ability to rotate two or three-dimensional objects rapidly and accurately in the mind. . In other words, by way of rotating objects mentally and thereby solving problems related to space, this test includes the limit of reaction time and the rotation angle, both of which are mutually related to the degree of difficulty. The subject of this research comes from 9th grades students at junior high school in Surabaya were selected from purposive sampling. The volunteer student with high ability in mental rotation based from differences gender were selected from mathematic ability task and interviewed. The result showed that high ability male students able to visualize the result of two-dimensional wake rotation such as right triangle rotated as 45°, 90°, 180° and 360. While high-ability female students are still somewhat difficult to visualize the result of two-dimensional rotational objects such as triangle too but had difficultness when rotated as 45°.

This study aimed to determine the cognitive process employed in problem-solving related to the concept of area conservation for seventh graders. Two students with different mathematical ability were chosen to be the subjects of this research. Each of them was the representative of high achievers and low achievers based on a set of area conservation test. Results indicate that both samples performed more cyclic processes on formulating solution planning, regulating solution part and detecting and correcting error during the problem-solving. However, it was found that the high achiever student performed some processes than those of low achiever. Also, while the high achiever student did not predict any outcomes of his formulated strategies, the low achiever did not carry out the thought process after detecting errors of the initial solution gained. About the concept of area conservation, the finding also reveals that within the samples’ cognitive processes, the use of area formula come first before students decided to look for another strategy such as doing ‘cut-rotate-paste’ for the curved planes, which do not have any direct formula. The possible causes of the results were discussed to derive some recommendation for future studies.

Abstract: Poverty is a condition where a person or groups of people, male and female, are unable to fulfill their basic rights to maintain and develop a dignified life. The dimensions of poverty are interrelated, both directly and indirectly, it means that progress and setbacks in one aspect can affect progress and decline in other aspects, and another aspect of poverty is that the poor are human beings, either individual or collective. The latest data in March 2018 mentions that the number of poverty in Indonesia as many as 25, 95 millions of people. The causes of poverty vary, depending on the type of poverty itself, as well as there are many different poverty indicators. Poverty reduction efforts are carried out by providing basic needs such as food, health and education services, expansion of employment opportunities, agricultural development, and provision of revolving funds through the credit system, infrastructure development and assistance, sanitation counseling and so on. Islam provides solutions to solve the poverty alleviation such as working obligation, income redistribution (zakat), infaq, etc. الملخص:الفقر هو حالة لا يستطيع فيها شخص أو مجموعة من الناس،ذكوراً وإناثاً ، أن يفيوا بحقوقهم الأساسية في الحفاظ على حياة كريمة وتطويرها. إن أبعاد الفقر مترابطة ، سواء بشكل مباشر أو غير مباشر ، وهذا يعني أن التقدم والنكسات في أحد الجوانب يمكن أن تؤثر على التقدم والانحدار في جوانب أخرى ، وجانب آخر من جوانب الفقر هو أن الفقراء هم بشر ، فرد أو جماعي. تشير أحدث البيانات في مارس 2018 إلى عدد من يعانون الفقر في إندونيسيا يصل إلى 25 ، 95 مليون شخص. تختلف أسباب الفقر ، تبعاً لنوع الفقر نفسه ، فضلاً عن وجود العديد من مؤشرات الفقر المختلفة. ويتم بذل جهود الحد من الفقر من خلال توفير الاحتياجات الأساسية مثل الغذاء والصحة وخدمات التعليم ، وتوسيع فرص العمل ، والتنمية الزراعية ، وتوفير الأموال المتجددة من خلال نظام الائتمان ، وتطوير البنية التحتية والمساعدة ، والمشورة الصحية وغيرها. يوفر الإسلام حلاً للتخفيف من حدة الفقر ، من بين أمور أخرى ، مع اقتراح العمل للمسلمين ، وإعادة توزيع الدخل في شكل الزكاة ، infaq والصدقات وما إلى ذلك. Abstrak: Kemiskinan sebagai kondisi dimana seseorang atau sekelompok orang, laki-laki dan perempuan, tidak mampu memenuhi hak-hak dasarnya untuk mempertahankan dan mengembangkan kehidupan yang bermartabat. Dimensi-dimensi kemiskinan saling berkaitan, baik secara langsung maupun tak langsung, hal ini berarti bahwa kemajuan dan kemunduran pada salah satu aspek dapat mempengaruhi kemajuan dan kemunduran pada aspek lainnya, dan aspek lainnya dari kemiskinan ini adalah bahwa yang miskin itu adalah manusianya, baik secara individual maupun kolektif. Data terakhir pada bulan Maret tahun 2018 menyebutkan jumlah kemiskinan di Indonesia sebanyak 25, 95 juta penduduk. Penyebab kemiskinan berbeda-beda, tergantung dengan jenis kemiskinan itu sendiri, begitu pula ada banyak indikator kemiskinan yang berbeda-beda. upaya penanggulangan kemiskinan dilakukan dengan penyediaan kebutuhan dasar seperti pangan, pelayanan kesehatan dan pendidikan, perluasan kesempatan kerja, pembangunan pertanian, pemberian dana bergulir melalui sistem kredit, pembangunan prasarana dan pendampingan, penyuluhan sanitasi dan sebagainya. Islam memberikan solusi dalam pengentasan kemiskinan, antara lain dengan adanya anjuran untuk bekerja bagi umat muslim, adanya redistribusi pendapatan berupa zakat, infaq dan sedekah dan lain sebagainya.

Face recognition is one of biometrical research area that is still interesting. This study discusses the Complex-Valued Backpropagation algorithm for face recognition. Complex-Valued Backpropagation is an algorithm modified from Real-Valued Backpropagation algorithm where the weights and activation functions used are complex. The dataset used in this study consist of 250 images that is classified in 5 classes. The performance of face recognition using Complex-Valued Backpropagation is also compared with Real-Valued Backpropagation algorithm. Experimental results have shown that Complex-Valued Backpropagation performance is better than Real-Valued Backpropagation.

Data files present information on the quantitative distribution of the polycystine radiolarian species in the Quaternary marine sediments from the subarctic areas. Dataset on the open North Atlantic north of 43 °N contains percentages of 35 abundant (> 1%) species in 145 samples of five sediment cores. Dataset on the Sea of Okhotsk contains percentages of 31 abundant (> 1%) species in 794 samples of seven sediment cores. Dataset on the bottom surface sediments of the North Atlantic contains percentages of 35 abundant (> 1%) species in 78 grab and core-top samples. For the microscopic radiolarian analysis, the sediment fraction of > 40/50 μm was used. Keywords: Quaternary sediment cores, Marine micropaleontology, Polycystine radiolarians, North Atlantic, Sea of Okhotsk