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Brazil is the largest orange (Citrus sinensis) producer worldwide. The nutrient management of orange orchards is designed from experiments on a limited number of varieties. This knowledge is transferred to other varieties by diagnosing tissue nutrient composition. Nutrient diagnostic tools are based on nutrient concentration (critical minimum value or CMV) and ratio (Diagnosis and Recommendation Integrated System or DRIS) norms that disregard the compositional nature of analytical data and the limited number of nutrient ratios that can be diagnosed independently in a given composition. The diagnosis of cationic micronutrients is also biased by contamination from fungicides. Compositional data analysis that can avoid such problems has been first applied to tissue analysis of agricultural crops using centered log ratios (Compositional Nutrient Diagnosis – CND-clr). The isometric log ratio (ilr) transformation is a new approach based on binary nutrient ratios and the principle of orthogonality (CND-ilr). Binary partitions can be defined and varietal nutrient profiles classified based on positive and negative nutrient interactions and meta-analysis. We analyzed 11 nutrients (N, S, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe) in tissue samples across 108 orchard areas, i.e. 31 ‘Valencia’, 22 ‘Hamlin’, 20 ‘Pêra’, and 35 ‘Natal’. Nutrients were partitioned between macro- and micro-nutrients as well as anionic and cationic species. The effect size of varieties over ‘Valencia’ was quantified by the mean and standard deviation of ilr values across ilr coordinates. Specific varietal nutrient profiles and ilr norms were defined. To guide correcting nutrient deficiencies by appropriate nutrient management, compositions can be varied by a perturbation vector on nutrients with to the largest and most negative influence on ilr differences from ilr norms until the Aitchison distance falls below critical value.

Foi avaliado o comportamento de 14 porta-enxertos para o limão 'Eureka km 47' [Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f.], clone nucelar, em experimento instalado em 1991, na Fazenda Fittipaldi, Araraquara-SP. Os porta-enxertos foram: tangelos 'Orlando' e 'Seminole' (C. reticulata Blanco x C. paradisi Macfad.), tangerinas 'Cleópatra' (C. reshni hort. ex Tanaka) e 'Sunki' [C. sunki (Hayata) hort. ex Tanaka], limões 'Cravo' (C. limonia Osbeck), 'Rugoso da África' (C. jambhiri Lush.) e 'Volkameriano Catania 2' (C. volkameriana V. Ten. & Pasq.), laranja 'Caipira DAC' [C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck], laranja 'Azeda Doble Cálice' (C. aurantium L.), trifoliatas 'EEL'e 'Kryder 8-5' [Poncirus trifoliata (L.) Raf.], citrange 'Morton' [P. trifoliata (L.) Raf. x C. sinensis (L.) Osbeck], C. karna Raf. e C. pennivesiculata (Lush.) Tanaka. As produções foram avaliadas no período de 1998 a 2002. As maiores produções médias em peso de frutos estiveram relacionadas aos porta-enxertos C. pennivesiculata e tangerina 'Cleópatra' (>220 kg/planta). Entre os porta-enxertos que induziram as mais baixas produções, estão C. karna, os dois tangelos, os dois trifoliatas e a 'Caipira DAC' ( 220 kg/tree). Citrus karna, both tangelos, both trifoliates and sweet orange cv. Caipira DAC presented the lowest fruit yields (

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2013-06-13Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:48:01Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 000738899.pdf: 1946745 bytes, checksum: 2ddb72a665ccf60c4fe2098b65212bd0 (MD5) Grande quantidade de cinza do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar é produzida no estado de São Paulo. Seu destino final tem sido o solo, contudo, sem a consideração de critérios técnicos estabelecidos com base em estudos para o reaproveitamento e uso para a produção agrícola. O presente trabalho teve como objetivos avaliar os efeitos da aplicação de cinza do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar nos atributos químicos do solo, na emissão de CO2 do solo, e no estado nutricional, atividade fisiológica e desenvolvimento de plantas jovens de laranjeira Valência. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi o de blocos ao acaso com 5 tratamentos e 5 repetições, que consistiram na aplicação da cinza na superfície do solo e sem incorporação (0, 5, 10, 20 e 40 t ha-1 em base seca). O solo foi amostrado para determinação de características químicas aos 6 e 12 meses após a aplicação dos tratamentos. O estado nutricional das plantas foi avaliado após 12 meses, e o seu desenvolvimento após 8, 10 e 12 meses. As determinações da emissão de CO2 do solo e das trocas gasosas nas folhas das laranjeiras foram realizadas em dois períodos distintos, referente a uma época úmida e outra seca. A cinza do bagaço de cana-de-açúcar foi caracterizada principalmente como uma fonte de potássio. Os teores de potássio no solo aumentaram linearmente em função do incremento das doses da cinza. A máxima concentração estimada de potássio nas folhas, equivalente a 17,4 g kg-1, foi obtida na dose de 22,4 t ha-1. O incremento no teor foliar de potássio foi acompanhado por decréscimos nas concentrações de cálcio e boro nas folhas. As doses de cinza não influenciaram a concentração de metais pesados (As, Cr e Ni) no solo, folhas e frutos. Não houve efeitos da aplicação da cinza na emissão do CO2 do solo. A condutância estomática, transpiração e taxa de fotossíntese nas folhas das laranjeiras... Large amount of sugarcane bagasse ash is produced in São Paulo state. Its final destination has been on the soil, however, without consideration of technical criteria based on the studies for the reutilization and use for agricultural production. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the effects of the application of sugarcane bagasse ash on soil chemical attributes, emissions of CO2 from the soil, and nutritional status, physiological activity and development of young Valencia orange trees. The experimental design used was a randomized block with five treatments and five replicates, which consisted of application of ash on the soil surface, without incorporation (0, 5, 10, 20, and 40 t ha-1 on a dry basis). The soil was sampled to determine chemical characteristics at 6 and 12 months after treatment application. The nutritional status of the plants was evaluated after 12 months, and its development after 8, 10 and 12 months. Determinations of CO2 emissions from the soil and leaf gas exchange of the orange trees were carried out in two distinct periods, referring to a wet and a dry season. The sugarcane bagasse ash was characterized mainly as a source of potassium. The K concentration on the soil increased linearly with increasing rates of ash. The maximum estimated concentration of potassium in the leaves, equivalent to 17.4 g kg-1, was obtained at the dose of 22.4 t ha-1. The increase of foliar potassium concentration was accompanied by decreases in the concentration of calcium and boron in the leaves. The doses of ash did not influence the concentration of heavy metals (As, Cr and Ni) on soil, leaves and fruits. There were no effects of application of ash on soil CO2 emission. The stomatal conductance, transpiration and photosynthesis in the leaves of orange trees increased linearly with increasing doses of the residue in the dry season (winter). The development of the orange trees ...

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:28:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2004-03-30Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T19:37:12Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 zanetti_m_me_jabo.pdf: 627420 bytes, checksum: 016653b3077e0ae05cdb47cd33f6a7dd (MD5) Industria Biocarbo Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com o objetivo de avaliar o efeito da utilização de sub-produtos de carvão vegetal: fino de carvão e extrato pirolenhoso (EP), na produção de porta-enxertos de limoeiro 'Cravo' (Citrus limonia Osbeck), cultivados em ambiente protegido. No primeiro experimento, foi utilizado delineamento em blocos casualizados com análise em esquema fatorial 3 x 2 x 3, avaliando-se três doses de fino de carvão (0, 100 e 200 cm3 dm-3) adicionados ao substrato comercial, duas concentrações de extrato pirolenhoso (0 e 20 cm3 dm-3) misturados ao substrato (240 cm3 da solução por dm3 de substrato) e três concentrações de extrato pirolenhoso (0, 5 e 10 cm3 dm-3) pulverizados na parte aérea em 12 aplicações semanais; em quatro repetições. Aos 150 e 180 dias após o plantio foram realizadas avaliações do desenvolvimento das plantas. Conclui-se que a adição de 100 cm3 dm-3 de fino de carvão no substrato não influenciou no desenvolvimento das plantas, porém o substrato preparado com 200 cm3 dm-3 de fino de carvão em sua composição provocou redução da altura e massa seca da parte aérea. O extrato pirolenhoso incorporado ao substrato (20 cm3 dm-3) provocou redução das variáveis analisadas e o produto pulverizado na parte aérea, a 10 cm3 dm-3, reduziu o diâmetro dos porta-enxertos de limoeiro 'Cravo'. As plantas submetidas aos diferentes tratamentos apresentaram comportamentos distintos em relação ao acúmulo de nutrientes nas folhas e raízes. No segundo experimento, objetivou-se avaliar o efeito do uso de extrato pirolenhoso (EP), pulverizado na parte aérea, como veículo na absorção de nutrientes. Empregou-se blocos casualizados com seis tratamentos em quatro repetições... Two researches were conduct with the objective of evaluate the effects of charcoal by-product: finely grounded charcoal and pyroligneous acid (PA), on the growth of Rangpur lime (Citrus limonia Osbeck) seedlings under screen house. The first research was set on a factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design of the type 3 x 2 x 3. Treatments consisted in a combination of tree levels of charcoal (0, 100 and 200 cm3 dm-3) in mixture with commercial growing media, two rates of PA mixed (0 and 20 cm3 dm-3) with the growing media (240 cm3 of the solution per dm3 of growing media), and tree rates of PA (0, 5 and 10 cm3 dm-3) sprayed on the leaves on 12 applications; with four replicates. Growth of seedlings was evaluated at 150 and 180 days after planting. Addition of charcoal at 100 cm3 dm-3 to the growing media did not influence plant growth. However, the mixture of 200 cm3 dm-3 of charcoal reduced production of total dry mass and height of plants. The PA added to the media (20 cm3 dm-3) reduced analyzed variables and the product sprayed on the leaves reduced stem diameter of the seedlings. Nutrient content of roots and leaves varied with different treatments. The second research was conduct with the aim to evaluate the effect of foliar spray of pyroligneous acid on the absorption of nutrients. A factorial experiment with a randomized complete block design with six treatments and four replicates was set up. Treatments consisted on leaf spraying with the following solutions: T0 = water; T1 = micronutrients solution without PA; T2 = micronutrients solution+ PA (1 cm3 dm-3); T3 = micronutrients solution + PA (2 cm3 dm-3); T4 = micronutrients solution + PA (5 cm3 dm-3); T5 = micronutrients solution + PA (10 cm3 dm-3). The micronutrients solution was prepared using Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn sulphates (250 mg dm-3 of the elements), and boric acid (42.5 mg dm-3 of B)... (Complete abstract, click eletronic access below)