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Compression algorithms can be used everywhere. For example, when you look at a DVD movie a lossy algorithm is used, both for picture and sound. If you want to do a backup of your data, you might be using a lossless algorithm. This thesis will explain how many of the more common lossless compression algorithms work. During the work of this thesis I also developed a new lossless compression algorithm. I compared this new algorithm to the more common algorithms by testing it on five different types of files. The result that I got was that the new algorithm was comparable to the other algorithms when comparing the compression ratio, and in some cases it also performed better than the others. Komprimeringsalgoritmer kan användas överallt. T ex, när du tittar på en DVD-film så används en förstörande algoritm, både för bild och ljud. Om du vill göra en säkerhetskopia av din data, så kanske du använder en icke förstörande algoritm. Denna avhandling kommer att förklara hur många av de mer vanliga icke förstörande algoritmer fungerar. Under arbetets gång så utvecklade jag också en ny icke förstörande algoritm. Jag jämförde denna nya algoritm med de mer vanliga algoritmerna genom att jämföra algoritmerna med varandra på fem olika typer av filer. Resultatet som jag kom fram till var att den nya algoritmen var jämförbar med de andra algoritmerna när man jämförde komprimeringsförhållandet, och i vissa fall så presterade den bättre än de andra.

In the extremely preterm infant, high transepidermal water loss (TEWL) can result in severe dehydration. TEWL has been attributed to the structural properties of the epidermis but might also be influenced by mechanisms that facilitate water transport. To investigate whether aquaporins (AQP) may be involved in the extreme losses of water through immature skin, we examined the presence and cellular distributions of AQP-1 and AQP-3 in embryonic and adult rat skin by immunohistochemistry. The expression of AQP mRNA in skin was analyzed with the use of semiquantitative reverse transcription-PCR. In rat pups of different embryonic (E) and postnatal (P) ages (days), TEWL and skin hydration were measured. AQP-1 was detected in dermal capillaries, and AQP-3 was abundant in basal epidermal layers. Both AQP displayed several times higher expression in embryonic than in adult skin. TEWL was highest at embryonic day 18 (E18) (133 +/- 18 g/m2h) and lower at E20 (25 +/- 1 g/m2h) and P4 (9 +/- 2 g/m2h). Skin hydration measured as skin electrical capacitance paralleled TEWL, being highest in fetal skin (794 +/- 15 pF at E18) and decreasing to 109 +/- 11 pF at E20 and to 0 +/- 0 pF at P4. We conclude that, as in infants, water loss through the skin of rats decreases markedly with maturation during the perinatal period. The expression and cellular localization of the AQP are such that they might influence skin hydration and water transport and contribute to the high losses of water through the immature skin.