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1. You may fail but won’t quit? Linking servant leadership with error management culture is positively associated with employees’ motivational quality

Author

Matthias F. C. Hudecek, Klara C. Grünwald, Johannes von Gehlen, Eva Lermer, and Silke F. Heiss

Subjects
Error management culture, basic need satisfaction, servant leadership, self-determination theory, autonomous motivation, serial mediation, Business, HF5001-6182, Management. Industrial management, HD28-70
Abstract

Research on positive associations between servant leadership, basic need satisfaction (BNS), and employees’ work motivation is well-established. From a self-determination theory perspective, we argue that servant leadership behavior is not only positively associated with BNS but also with how errors are perceived and managed in an organization. In previous studies, error management culture (EMC) was shown to positively affect firm performance. However, research on antecedents of EMC in organizations is scarce. Thus, we conducted two studies and tested a research model (total sample size N = 1,306) proposing a serial mediation of EMC and BNS for the relationship between servant leadership and five forms of employee motivation according to self-determination theory. Results replicate previous research on the positive association between servant leadership and BNS. Expanding existing findings, we found evidence for a positive relationship between servant leadership and EMC. In addition, the relationship between servant leadership and three different motivation types (i.e. amotivation, identified, and intrinsic motivation) was serially mediated by EMC and BNS in both studies. These findings offer important practical implications, as previous studies on error management mainly focused on the outcomes of EMC but did not investigate the relationship between EMC and servant leadership or BNS. In addition, the results suggest that an organization should be considered as a whole. Besides the leadership style, EMC should be taken into account since it turned out to be a relevant predictor of BNS, too.

Published
2024
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2. Explainability does not mitigate the negative impact of incorrect AI advice in a personnel selection task

Author

Julia Cecil, Eva Lermer, Matthias F. C. Hudecek, Jan Sauer, and Susanne Gaube

Subjects
Artificial intelligence, Personnel selection, Decision-making, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Despite the rise of decision support systems enabled by artificial intelligence (AI) in personnel selection, their impact on decision-making processes is largely unknown. Consequently, we conducted five experiments (N = 1403 students and Human Resource Management (HRM) employees) investigating how people interact with AI-generated advice in a personnel selection task. In all pre-registered experiments, we presented correct and incorrect advice. In Experiments 1a and 1b, we manipulated the source of the advice (human vs. AI). In Experiments 2a, 2b, and 2c, we further manipulated the type of explainability of AI advice (2a and 2b: heatmaps and 2c: charts). We hypothesized that accurate and explainable advice improves decision-making. The independent variables were regressed on task performance, perceived advice quality and confidence ratings. The results consistently showed that incorrect advice negatively impacted performance, as people failed to dismiss it (i.e., overreliance). Additionally, we found that the effects of source and explainability of advice on the dependent variables were limited. The lack of reduction in participants’ overreliance on inaccurate advice when the systems’ predictions were made more explainable highlights the complexity of human-AI interaction and the need for regulation and quality standards in HRM.

Published
2024
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3. Where a psychopathic personality matters at work: a cross-industry study of the relation of dark triad and psychological capital

Author

Birgit Stephan, Dominik Lechner, Mariella Stockkamp, Matthias F. C. Hudecek, Dieter Frey, and Eva Lermer

Subjects
Narcissism, Psychological Capital, Dark Triad, Gender differences, person-environment fit, Homogeneity Hypothesis, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

Abstract Background The concepts of Dark Triad and Psychological Capital (PsyCap) have been extensively researched separately, but until one recent study, their interrelation has not been investigated. Purpose of this study was to uncover differences of the relationship of both concepts across work related industries. Methods In total, 2,109 German employees across 11 industries completed a questionnaire on Dark Triad (narcissism, psychopathy and Machiavellianism) and PsyCap. Multiple regression analyses were used to test the association of both concepts across industries. Results Values of narcissism, psychopathy and PsyCap generally differed between industries. No significant differences were found for Machiavellianism. While narcissism relates positively to PsyCap in all industry sectors, psychopathy only showed a negative relation to PsyCap in some sectors. For industries architecture, automotive and consulting, psychopathy did not significantly predict PsyCap. Conclusions We argue that different expectations of employees per industry make it easier or harder for different personalities to assimilate (homogeneity hypothesis) to the work context (measured by PsyCap). Future studies should investigate this further with other variables such as person-organization-fit. This study was, however, the first to simultaneously investigate Dark Triad and PsyCap among employees and their respective industry. It extends previous findings by revealing differences of both concepts across and within industry sectors. The study can help to reconsider in which industries Dark Triad personality affects PsyCap as antecedent of workplace outcomes such as work satisfaction or job performance.

Published
2023
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4. Social and moral psychology of COVID-19 across 69 countries

Author

Flavio Azevedo, Tomislav Pavlović, Gabriel G. Rêgo, F. Ceren Ay, Biljana Gjoneska, Tom W. Etienne, Robert M. Ross, Philipp Schönegger, Julián C. Riaño-Moreno, Aleksandra Cichocka, Valerio Capraro, Luca Cian, Chiara Longoni, Ho Fai Chan, Jay J. Van Bavel, Hallgeir Sjåstad, John B. Nezlek, Mark Alfano, Michele J. Gelfand, Michèle D. Birtel, Aleksandra Cislak, Patricia L. Lockwood, Koen Abts, Elena Agadullina, John Jamir Benzon Aruta, Sahba Nomvula Besharati, Alexander Bor, Becky L. Choma, Charles David Crabtree, William A. Cunningham, Koustav De, Waqas Ejaz, Christian T. Elbaek, Andrej Findor, Daniel Flichtentrei, Renata Franc, June Gruber, Estrella Gualda, Yusaku Horiuchi, Toan Luu Duc Huynh, Agustin Ibanez, Mostak Ahamed Imran, Jacob Israelashvili, Katarzyna Jasko, Jaroslaw Kantorowicz, Elena Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, André Krouwel, Michael Laakasuo, Claus Lamm, Caroline Leygue, Ming-Jen Lin, Mohammad Sabbir Mansoor, Antoine Marie, Lewend Mayiwar, Honorata Mazepus, Cillian McHugh, John Paul Minda, Panagiotis Mitkidis, Andreas Olsson, Tobias Otterbring, Dominic J. Packer, Anat Perry, Michael Bang Petersen, Arathy Puthillam, Tobias Rothmund, Hernando Santamaría-García, Petra C. Schmid, Drozdstoy Stoyanov, Shruti Tewari, Bojan Todosijević, Manos Tsakiris, Hans H. Tung, Radu G. Umbres, Edmunds Vanags, Madalina Vlasceanu, Andrew Vonasch, Meltem Yucel, Yucheng Zhang, Mohcine Abad, Eli Adler, Narin Akrawi, Hamza Alaoui Mdarhri, Hanane Amara, David M. Amodio, Benedict G. Antazo, Matthew Apps, Mouhamadou Hady Ba, Sergio Barbosa, Brock Bastian, Anton Berg, Maria P. Bernal-Zárate, Michael Bernstein, Michał Białek, Ennio Bilancini, Natalia Bogatyreva, Leonardo Boncinelli, Jonathan E. Booth, Sylvie Borau, Ondrej Buchel, C. Daryl Cameron, Chrissie F. Carvalho, Tatiana Celadin, Chiara Cerami, Hom Nath Chalise, Xiaojun Cheng, Kate Cockcroft, Jane Conway, Mateo Andres Córdoba-Delgado, Chiara Crespi, Marie Crouzevialle, Jo Cutler, Marzena Cypryańska, Justyna Dabrowska, Michael A. Daniels, Victoria H. Davis, Pamala N. Dayley, Sylvain Delouvée, Ognjan Denkovski, Guillaume Dezecache, Nathan A. Dhaliwal, Alelie B. Diato, Roberto Di Paolo, Marianna Drosinou, Uwe Dulleck, Jānis Ekmanis, Arhan S. Ertan, Hapsa Hossain Farhana, Fahima Farkhari, Harry Farmer, Ali Fenwick, Kristijan Fidanovski, Terry Flew, Shona Fraser, Raymond Boadi Frempong, Jonathan A. Fugelsang, Jessica Gale, E. Begoña Garcia-Navarro, Prasad Garladinne, Oussama Ghajjou, Theofilos Gkinopoulos, Kurt Gray, Siobhán M. Griffin, Bjarki Gronfeldt, Mert Gümren, Ranju Lama Gurung, Eran Halperin, Elizabeth Harris, Volo Herzon, Matej Hruška, Guanxiong Huang, Matthias F. C. Hudecek, Ozan Isler, Simon Jangard, Frederik J. Jorgensen, Frank Kachanoff, John Kahn, Apsara Katuwal Dangol, Oleksandra Keudel, Lina Koppel, Mika Koverola, Emily Kubin, Anton Kunnari, Yordan Kutiyski, Oscar Moreda Laguna, Josh Leota, Eva Lermer, Jonathan Levy, Neil Levy, Chunyun Li, Elizabeth U. Long, Marina Maglić, Darragh McCashin, Alexander L. Metcalf, Igor Mikloušić, Soulaimane El Mimouni, Asako Miura, Juliana Molina-Paredes, César Monroy-Fonseca, Elena Morales-Marente, David Moreau, Rafał Muda, Annalisa Myer, Kyle Nash, Tarik Nesh-Nash, Jonas P. Nitschke, Matthew S. Nurse, Yohsuke Ohtsubo, Victoria Oldemburgo de Mello, Cathal O’Madagain, Michal Onderco, M. Soledad Palacios-Galvez, Jussi Palomöki, Yafeng Pan, Zsófia Papp, Philip Pärnamets, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Zoran Pavlović, César Payán-Gómez, Silva Perander, Michael Mark Pitman, Rajib Prasad, Joanna Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Steve Rathje, Ali Raza, Kasey Rhee, Claire E. Robertson, Iván Rodríguez-Pascual, Teemu Saikkonen, Octavio Salvador-Ginez, Gaia C. Santi, Natalia Santiago-Tovar, David Savage, Julian A. Scheffer, David T. Schultner, Enid M. Schutte, Andy Scott, Madhavi Sharma, Pujan Sharma, Ahmed Skali, David Stadelmann, Clara Alexandra Stafford, Dragan Stanojević, Anna Stefaniak, Anni Sternisko, Augustin Stoica, Kristina K. Stoyanova, Brent Strickland, Jukka Sundvall, Jeffrey P. Thomas, Gustav Tinghög, Benno Torgler, Iris J. Traast, Raffaele Tucciarelli, Michael Tyrala, Nick D. Ungson, Mete S. Uysal, Paul A. M. Van Lange, Jan-Willem van Prooijen, Dirk van Rooy, Daniel Västfjäll, Peter Verkoeijen, Joana B. Vieira, Christian von Sikorski, Alexander Cameron Walker, Jennifer Watermeyer, Erik Wetter, Ashley Whillans, Katherine White, Rishad Habib, Robin Willardt, Michael J. A. Wohl, Adrian Dominik Wójcik, Kaidi Wu, Yuki Yamada, Onurcan Yilmaz, Kumar Yogeeswaran, Carolin-Theresa Ziemer, Rolf A. Zwaan, Paulo S. Boggio, and Waldir M. Sampaio

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic has affected all domains of human life, including the economic and social fabric of societies. One of the central strategies for managing public health throughout the pandemic has been through persuasive messaging and collective behaviour change. To help scholars better understand the social and moral psychology behind public health behaviour, we present a dataset comprising of 51,404 individuals from 69 countries. This dataset was collected for the International Collaboration on Social & Moral Psychology of COVID-19 project (ICSMP COVID-19). This social science survey invited participants around the world to complete a series of moral and psychological measures and public health attitudes about COVID-19 during an early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic (between April and June 2020). The survey included seven broad categories of questions: COVID-19 beliefs and compliance behaviours; identity and social attitudes; ideology; health and well-being; moral beliefs and motivation; personality traits; and demographic variables. We report both raw and cleaned data, along with all survey materials, data visualisations, and psychometric evaluations of key variables.

Published
2023
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5. Non-task expert physicians benefit from correct explainable AI advice when reviewing X-rays

Author

Susanne Gaube, Harini Suresh, Martina Raue, Eva Lermer, Timo K. Koch, Matthias F. C. Hudecek, Alun D. Ackery, Samir C. Grover, Joseph F. Coughlin, Dieter Frey, Felipe C. Kitamura, Marzyeh Ghassemi, and Errol Colak

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Abstract Artificial intelligence (AI)-generated clinical advice is becoming more prevalent in healthcare. However, the impact of AI-generated advice on physicians’ decision-making is underexplored. In this study, physicians received X-rays with correct diagnostic advice and were asked to make a diagnosis, rate the advice’s quality, and judge their own confidence. We manipulated whether the advice came with or without a visual annotation on the X-rays, and whether it was labeled as coming from an AI or a human radiologist. Overall, receiving annotated advice from an AI resulted in the highest diagnostic accuracy. Physicians rated the quality of AI advice higher than human advice. We did not find a strong effect of either manipulation on participants’ confidence. The magnitude of the effects varied between task experts and non-task experts, with the latter benefiting considerably from correct explainable AI advice. These findings raise important considerations for the deployment of diagnostic advice in healthcare.

Published
2023
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6. National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic

Author

Jay J. Van Bavel, Aleksandra Cichocka, Valerio Capraro, Hallgeir Sjåstad, John B. Nezlek, Tomislav Pavlović, Mark Alfano, Michele J. Gelfand, Flavio Azevedo, Michèle D. Birtel, Aleksandra Cislak, Patricia L. Lockwood, Robert Malcolm Ross, Koen Abts, Elena Agadullina, John Jamir Benzon Aruta, Sahba Nomvula Besharati, Alexander Bor, Becky L. Choma, Charles David Crabtree, William A. Cunningham, Koustav De, Waqas Ejaz, Christian T. Elbaek, Andrej Findor, Daniel Flichtentrei, Renata Franc, Biljana Gjoneska, June Gruber, Estrella Gualda, Yusaku Horiuchi, Toan Luu Duc Huynh, Augustin Ibanez, Mostak Ahamed Imran, Jacob Israelashvili, Katarzyna Jasko, Jaroslaw Kantorowicz, Elena Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, André Krouwel, Michael Laakasuo, Claus Lamm, Caroline Leygue, Ming-Jen Lin, Mohammad Sabbir Mansoor, Antoine Marie, Lewend Mayiwar, Honorata Mazepus, Cillian McHugh, John Paul Minda, Panagiotis Mitkidis, Andreas Olsson, Tobias Otterbring, Dominic J. Packer, Anat Perry, Michael Bang Petersen, Arathy Puthillam, Julián C. Riaño-Moreno, Tobias Rothmund, Hernando Santamaría-García, Petra C. Schmid, Drozdstoy Stoyanov, Shruti Tewari, Bojan Todosijević, Manos Tsakiris, Hans H. Tung, Radu G. Umbreș, Edmunds Vanags, Madalina Vlasceanu, Andrew Vonasch, Meltem Yucel, Yucheng Zhang, Mohcine Abad, Eli Adler, Narin Akrawi, Hamza Alaoui Mdarhri, Hanane Amara, David M. Amodio, Benedict G. Antazo, Matthew Apps, F. Ceren Ay, Mouhamadou Hady Ba, Sergio Barbosa, Brock Bastian, Anton Berg, Maria P. Bernal-Zárate, Michael Bernstein, Michał Białek, Ennio Bilancini, Natalia Bogatyreva, Leonardo Boncinelli, Jonathan E. Booth, Sylvie Borau, Ondrej Buchel, C. Daryl Cameron, Chrissie F. Carvalho, Tatiana Celadin, Chiara Cerami, Hom Nath Chalise, Xiaojun Cheng, Luca Cian, Kate Cockcroft, Jane Conway, Mateo Andres Córdoba-Delgado, Chiara Crespi, Marie Crouzevialle, Jo Cutler, Marzena Cypryańska, Justyna Dabrowska, Michael A. Daniels, Victoria H. Davis, Pamala N. Dayley, Sylvain Delouvee, Ognjan Denkovski, Guillaume Dezecache, Nathan A. Dhaliwal, Alelie B. Diato, Roberto Di Paolo, Marianna Drosinou, Uwe Dulleck, Jānis Ekmanis, Arhan S. Ertan, Tom W. Etienne, Hapsa Hossain Farhana, Fahima Farkhari, Harry Farmer, Ali Fenwick, Kristijan Fidanovski, Terry Flew, Shona Fraser, Raymond Boadi Frempong, Jonathan A. Fugelsang, Jessica Gale, E. Begoña Garcia-Navarro, Prasad Garladinne, Oussama Ghajjou, Theofilos Gkinopoulos, Kurt Gray, Siobhán M. Griffin, Bjarki Gronfeldt, Mert Gümren, Ranju Lama Gurung, Eran Halperin, Elizabeth Harris, Volo Herzon, Matej Hruška, Guanxiong Huang, Matthias F. C. Hudecek, Ozan Isler, Simon Jangard, Frederik J. Jørgensen, Frank Kachanoff, John Kahn, Apsara Katuwal Dangol, Oleksandra Keudel, Lina Koppel, Mika Koverola, Emily Kubin, Anton Kunnari, Yordan Kutiyski, Oscar Laguna, Josh Leota, Eva Lermer, Jonathan Levy, Neil Levy, Chunyun Li, Elizabeth U. Long, Chiara Longoni, Marina Maglić, Darragh McCashin, Alexander L. Metcalf, Igor Mikloušić, Soulaimane El Mimouni, Asako Miura, Juliana Molina-Paredes, César Monroy-Fonseca, Elena Morales-Marente, David Moreau, Rafał Muda, Annalisa Myer, Kyle Nash, Tarik Nesh-Nash, Jonas P. Nitschke, Matthew S. Nurse, Yohsuke Ohtsubo, Victoria Oldemburgo de Mello, Cathal O’Madagain, Michal Onderco, M. Soledad Palacios-Galvez, Jussi Palomäki, Yafeng Pan, Zsófia Papp, Philip Pärnamets, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Zoran Pavlović, César Payán-Gómez, Silva Perander, Michael Mark Pitman, Rajib Prasad, Joanna Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Steve Rathje, Ali Raza, Gabriel G. Rêgo, Kasey Rhee, Claire E. Robertson, Iván Rodríguez-Pascual, Teemu Saikkonen, Octavio Salvador-Ginez, Waldir M. Sampaio, Gaia C. Santi, Natalia Santiago-Tovar, David Savage, Julian A. Scheffer, Philipp Schönegger, David T. Schultner, Enid M. Schutte, Andy Scott, Madhavi Sharma, Pujan Sharma, Ahmed Skali, David Stadelmann, Clara Alexandra Stafford, Dragan Stanojević, Anna Stefaniak, Anni Sternisko, Augustin Stoica, Kristina K. Stoyanova, Brent Strickland, Jukka Sundvall, Jeffrey P. Thomas, Gustav Tinghög, Benno Torgler, Iris J. Traast, Raffaele Tucciarelli, Michael Tyrala, Nick D. Ungson, Mete S. Uysal, Paul A. M. Van Lange, Jan-Willem van Prooijen, Dirk van Rooy, Daniel Västfjäll, Peter Verkoeijen, Joana B. Vieira, Christian von Sikorski, Alexander Cameron Walker, Jennifer Watermeyer, Erik Wetter, Ashley Whillans, Robin Willardt, Michael J. A. Wohl, Adrian Dominik Wójcik, Kaidi Wu, Yuki Yamada, Onurcan Yilmaz, Kumar Yogeeswaran, Carolin-Theresa Ziemer, Rolf A. Zwaan, and Paulo S. Boggio

Subjects
Science
Abstract

Understanding collective behaviour is an important aspect of managing the pandemic response. Here the authors show in a large global study that participants that reported identifying more strongly with their nation reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies in the context of the pandemic.

Published
2022
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7. Surfing in the streets: How problematic smartphone use, fear of missing out, and antisocial personality traits are linked to driving behavior

Author

Matthias F. C. Hudecek, Simon Lemster, Peter Fischer, Julia Cecil, Dieter Frey, Susanne Gaube, and Eva Lermer

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Smartphone use while driving (SUWD) is a major cause of accidents and fatal crashes. This serious problem is still too little understood to be solved. Therefore, the current research aimed to contribute to a better understanding of SUWD by examining factors that have received little or no attention in this context: problematic smartphone use (PSU), fear of missing out (FOMO), and Dark Triad. In the first step, we conducted a systematic literature review to map the current state of research on these factors. In the second step, we conducted a cross-sectional study and collected data from 989 German car drivers. A clear majority (61%) admitted to using the smartphone while driving at least occasionally. Further, the results showed that FOMO is positively linked to PSU and that both are positively associated with SUWD. Additionally, we found that Dark Triad traits are relevant predictors of SUWD and other problematic driving behaviors––in particular, psychopathy is associated with committed traffic offenses. Thus, results indicate that PSU, FOMO, and Dark Triad are relevant factors to explain SUWD. We hope to contribute to a more comprehensive understanding of this dangerous phenomenon with these findings.

Published
2023

8. Early and Later Perceptions and Reactions to the COVID-19 Pandemic in Germany: On Predictors of Behavioral Responses and Guideline Adherence During the Restrictions

Author

Eva Lermer, Matthias F. C. Hudecek, Susanne Gaube, Martina Raue, and Falk Batz

Subjects
COVID-19, trust, behavior change, guideline adherence, social distancing, political orientation, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

In March 2020, the German government enacted measures on movement restrictions and social distancing due to the COVID-19 pandemic. As this situation was previously unknown, it raised numerous questions about people’s perceptions of and behavioral responses to these new policies. In this context, we were specifically interested in people’s trust in official information, predictors for self-prepping behavior and health behavior to protect oneself and others, and determinants for adherence to social distancing guidelines. To explore these questions, we conducted three studies in which a total of 1,368 participants were surveyed (Study 1 N=377, March 2020; Study 2 N=461, April 2020; Study 3 N=530, April 2021) across Germany between March 2020 and April 2021. Results showed striking differences in the level of trust in official statistics (depending on the source). Furthermore, all three studies showed congruent findings regarding the influence of different factors on the respective behavioral responses. Trust in official statistics predicted behavioral responses in all three studies. However, it did not influence adherence to social distancing guidelines in 2020, but in 2021. Furthermore, adherence to social distancing guidelines was associated with higher acceptance rates of the measures and being older. Being female and less right-wing orientated were positively associated with guidelines adherence only in the studies from 2020. This year, political orientation moderated the association between acceptance of the measures and guideline adherence. This investigation is one of the first to examine perceptions and reactions during the COVID-19 pandemic in Germany across 1year and provides insights into important dimensions that need to be considered when communicating with the public.

Published
2021
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9. Author Correction: National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic

Author

Jay J. Van Bavel, Aleksandra Cichocka, Valerio Capraro, Hallgeir Sjåstad, John B. Nezlek, Tomislav Pavlović, Mark Alfano, Michele J. Gelfand, Flavio Azevedo, Michèle D. Birtel, Aleksandra Cislak, Patricia L. Lockwood, Robert Malcolm Ross, Koen Abts, Elena Agadullina, John Jamir Benzon Aruta, Sahba Nomvula Besharati, Alexander Bor, Becky L. Choma, Charles David Crabtree, William A. Cunningham, Koustav De, Waqas Ejaz, Christian T. Elbaek, Andrej Findor, Daniel Flichtentrei, Renata Franc, Biljana Gjoneska, June Gruber, Estrella Gualda, Yusaku Horiuchi, Toan Luu Duc Huynh, Agustin Ibanez, Mostak Ahamed Imran, Jacob Israelashvili, Katarzyna Jasko, Jaroslaw Kantorowicz, Elena Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, André Krouwel, Michael Laakasuo, Claus Lamm, Caroline Leygue, Ming-Jen Lin, Mohammad Sabbir Mansoor, Antoine Marie, Lewend Mayiwar, Honorata Mazepus, Cillian McHugh, John Paul Minda, Panagiotis Mitkidis, Andreas Olsson, Tobias Otterbring, Dominic J. Packer, Anat Perry, Michael Bang Petersen, Arathy Puthillam, Julián C. Riaño-Moreno, Tobias Rothmund, Hernando Santamaría-García, Petra C. Schmid, Drozdstoy Stoyanov, Shruti Tewari, Bojan Todosijević, Manos Tsakiris, Hans H. Tung, Radu G. Umbreș, Edmunds Vanags, Madalina Vlasceanu, Andrew Vonasch, Meltem Yucel, Yucheng Zhang, Mohcine Abad, Eli Adler, Narin Akrawi, Hamza Alaoui Mdarhri, Hanane Amara, David M. Amodio, Benedict G. Antazo, Matthew Apps, F. Ceren Ay, Mouhamadou Hady Ba, Sergio Barbosa, Brock Bastian, Anton Berg, Maria P. Bernal-Zárate, Michael Bernstein, Michał Białek, Ennio Bilancini, Natalia Bogatyreva, Leonardo Boncinelli, Jonathan E. Booth, Sylvie Borau, Ondrej Buchel, C. Daryl Cameron, Chrissie F. Carvalho, Tatiana Celadin, Chiara Cerami, Hom Nath Chalise, Xiaojun Cheng, Luca Cian, Kate Cockcroft, Jane Conway, Mateo Andres Córdoba-Delgado, Chiara Crespi, Marie Crouzevialle, Jo Cutler, Marzena Cypryańska, Justyna Dabrowska, Michael A. Daniels, Victoria H. Davis, Pamala N. Dayley, Sylvain Delouvee, Ognjan Denkovski, Guillaume Dezecache, Nathan A. Dhaliwal, Alelie B. Diato, Roberto Di Paolo, Marianna Drosinou, Uwe Dulleck, Jānis Ekmanis, Arhan S. Ertan, Tom W. Etienne, Hapsa Hossain Farhana, Fahima Farkhari, Harry Farmer, Ali Fenwick, Kristijan Fidanovski, Terry Flew, Shona Fraser, Raymond Boadi Frempong, Jonathan A. Fugelsang, Jessica Gale, E. Begoña Garcia-Navarro, Prasad Garladinne, Oussama Ghajjou, Theofilos Gkinopoulos, Kurt Gray, Siobhán M. Griffin, Bjarki Gronfeldt, Mert Gümren, Ranju Lama Gurung, Eran Halperin, Elizabeth Harris, Volo Herzon, Matej Hruška, Guanxiong Huang, Matthias F. C. Hudecek, Ozan Isler, Simon Jangard, Frederik J. Jørgensen, Frank Kachanoff, John Kahn, Apsara Katuwal Dangol, Oleksandra Keudel, Lina Koppel, Mika Koverola, Emily Kubin, Anton Kunnari, Yordan Kutiyski, Oscar Laguna, Josh Leota, Eva Lermer, Jonathan Levy, Neil Levy, Chunyun Li, Elizabeth U. Long, Chiara Longoni, Marina Maglić, Darragh McCashin, Alexander L. Metcalf, Igor Mikloušić, Soulaimane El Mimouni, Asako Miura, Juliana Molina-Paredes, César Monroy-Fonseca, Elena Morales-Marente, David Moreau, Rafał Muda, Annalisa Myer, Kyle Nash, Tarik Nesh-Nash, Jonas P. Nitschke, Matthew S. Nurse, Yohsuke Ohtsubo, Victoria Oldemburgo de Mello, Cathal O’Madagain, Michal Onderco, M. Soledad Palacios-Galvez, Jussi Palomäki, Yafeng Pan, Zsófia Papp, Philip Pärnamets, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Zoran Pavlović, César Payán-Gómez, Silva Perander, Michael Mark Pitman, Rajib Prasad, Joanna Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Steve Rathje, Ali Raza, Gabriel G. Rêgo, Kasey Rhee, Claire E. Robertson, Iván Rodríguez-Pascual, Teemu Saikkonen, Octavio Salvador-Ginez, Waldir M. Sampaio, Gaia C. Santi, Natalia Santiago-Tovar, David Savage, Julian A. Scheffer, Philipp Schönegger, David T. Schultner, Enid M. Schutte, Andy Scott, Madhavi Sharma, Pujan Sharma, Ahmed Skali, David Stadelmann, Clara Alexandra Stafford, Dragan Stanojević, Anna Stefaniak, Anni Sternisko, Augustin Stoica, Kristina K. Stoyanova, Brent Strickland, Jukka Sundvall, Jeffrey P. Thomas, Gustav Tinghög, Benno Torgler, Iris J. Traast, Raffaele Tucciarelli, Michael Tyrala, Nick D. Ungson, Mete S. Uysal, Paul A. M. Van Lange, Jan-Willem van Prooijen, Dirk van Rooy, Daniel Västfjäll, Peter Verkoeijen, Joana B. Vieira, Christian von Sikorski, Alexander Cameron Walker, Jennifer Watermeyer, Erik Wetter, Ashley Whillans, Robin Willardt, Michael J. A. Wohl, Adrian Dominik Wójcik, Kaidi Wu, Yuki Yamada, Onurcan Yilmaz, Kumar Yogeeswaran, Carolin-Theresa Ziemer, Rolf A. Zwaan, and Paulo S. Boggio

Subjects
Science
Published
2022
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10. Measuring Gratitude in Germany: Validation Study of the German Version of the Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form (GQ-6-G) and the Multi-Component Gratitude Measure (MCGM-G)

Author

Matthias F. C. Hudecek, Nicole Blabst, Blaire Morgan, and Eva Lermer

Subjects
gratitude, Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form, Multi-Component Gratitude Measure, validation study, confirmatory factor analysis, cultural measurement invariance, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract

The Gratitude Questionnaire-Six Item Form (GQ-6; McCullough et al., 2002) is a well-established instrument for measuring gratitude. Recently, the Multi-Component Gratitude Measure (MCGM) was developed as a more holistic approach (Morgan et al., 2017). While the GQ-6 mainly focuses on the emotional component of gratitude, the MCGM encompasses conceptual, attitudinal, and behavioral aspects. As of today, there is no validated German measure for gratitude. In order to close that research gap, the present study focused on validating the German versions of the GQ-6 (GQ-6-G) and of the MCGM (MCGM-G). In addition, multi-group comparisons were conducted to test for cultural measurement invariance. Construct validity was tested similar to original validation studies of the two scales focusing on affect, well-being, empathy, anxiety and depression. The online survey was completed in random order by 508 participants. The one-factor model of the GQ-6-G and the hierarchical structure of the MCGM-G could be replicated. However, the model fit of the Gratitude Questionnaire was significantly better after eliminating one item (GQ-5-G). Multi-group comparisons revealed cultural measurement invariance was established for the GQ-5-G and partial measurement invariance for five of six factors of the MCGM-G, respectively. Reliability analyses revealed good internal consistency for both instruments, and measures for criterion-related and discriminant validity have shown hypothesized relationships. Thus, the GQ-5-G and the MCGM-G are two instruments with good reliability and validity for measuring gratitude in Germany.

Published
2020
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11. Identification of user groups of autonomous shuttle buses: A latent profile analysis

Author

Franziska Hofbauer, Peter Fischer, and Matthias F. C. Hudecek

Abstract

Autonomous driving and its acceptance are becoming increasingly important in psychological research as the application of autonomous functions and artificial intelligence in vehicles increases. In this context, the person of the user is increasingly considered, which is the basis for the successful establishment and use of autonomous vehicles. Numerous studies show an association between personality variables and the acceptance of autonomous vehicles. This makes it more relevant to identify potential user profiles to adapt autonomous vehicles to the user and the needs of the user groups to marketing them effectively. Our study, therefore, addressed the identification of user groups of autonomous vehicles (AVs). A sample of 388 subjects answered questions about their intention to use autonomous buses, their sociodemographics, and various personality variables. Latent Profile Analysis was used to identify four user group profiles that differed significantly from each other in their willingness to use AVs. In total, users with lower anxiety and increased self-confidence were more open toward AVs. Technology affinity as a trait also contributes to the differentiation of user groups and AV acceptance. The profile solutions and the correlations with the intention to use proved to be replicable in cross validation analyses.

Published
2023
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12. The Effect of AI-generated Advice on Decision-Making in Personnel Selection

Author

Julia Cecil, Eva Lermer, Matthias F. C. Hudecek, Jan Sauer, and Susanne Gaube

Abstract

Despite the rise of decision support systems enabled by artificial intelligence (AI) in personnel selection, their impact on decision-making processes is largely unknown. Consequently, we conducted five experiments (N = 1,403) investigating how people interact with AI-generated advice in a personnel selection task. In all pre-registered experiments, we presented correct and incorrect advice. In Experiments 1a and 1b, we manipulated the source of the advice (human vs. AI). In Experiments 2a, 2b, and 2c, we further manipulated the type of explainability of AI advice (2a and 2b: heatmaps and 2c: charts) to test if explainable advice improves decision-making. The independent variables were regressed on task performance, perceived advice quality and confidence ratings. The results consistently showed that incorrect advice negatively impacted performance, as people failed to dismiss it (i.e., overreliance). Additionally, we found that the effects of source and explainability of advice on the dependent variables were limited.

Published
2023
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13. Insights on the Current State and Future Outlook of Artificial Intelligence in Healthcare From Expert Interviews (Preprint)

Author

Pia Hummelsberger, Timo K. Koch, Sabrina Rauh, Julia Dorn, Eva Lermer, Martina Raue, Matthias F. C. Hudecek, Andreas Schicho, Errol Colak, Marzyeh Ghassemi, and Susanne Gaube

Abstract

BACKGROUND Artificial intelligence (AI) is often promoted as a potential solution to many challenges healthcare systems face worldwide. However, its implementation in clinical practice lags behind technological development. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to gain insights into the current state and prospects of AI technology from the stakeholders most directly involved in its adoption in the healthcare sector, whose perspectives have received limited attention in research to date. METHODS For this purpose, the perspectives of AI researchers and healthcare information technology (IT) professionals in North America and Western Europe were collected and compared for profession-specific and regional differences. In the preregistered, mixed-methods, cross-sectional study, 23 experts were interviewed using a semistructured guide. Data from the interviews were analyzed using deductive and inductive qualitative methods for the thematic analysis along with topic modeling to identify latent topics. RESULTS Through our thematic analysis, four major categories emerged: (1) the current state of AI systems in healthcare, (2) the criteria and requirements for implementing AI systems in healthcare, (3) the challenges in implementing AI systems in healthcare, and (4) the prospects of the technology. Experts discussed the capabilities and limitations of current AI systems in healthcare, in addition to their prevalence and regional differences. Several criteria and requirements deemed necessary for successful implementation of AI systems were identified, including the technology’s performance and security, smooth system integration and human-AI interaction, costs, stakeholder involvement, and employee training. However, regulatory, logistical, and technical issues were identified as the most critical barriers to an effective technology implementation process. In the future, our experts predict both various threats and many opportunities related to AI technology in the healthcare sector. CONCLUSIONS Our work provides new insights into the current state, criteria, challenges, and outlook for implementing AI technology in healthcare from the perspective of AI researchers and IT professionals in North America and Western Europe. For the full potential of AI-enabled technologies to be exploited and for them to contribute to solving current healthcare challenges, critical implementation criteria must be met, on the one hand, and all groups involved in the process must work together, on the other.

Published
2023
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14. Predicting attitudinal and behavioral responses to COVID-19 pandemic using machine learning

Author

Tomislav Pavlović, Flavio Azevedo, Koustav De, Julián C Riaño-Moreno, Marina Maglić, Theofilos Gkinopoulos, Patricio Andreas Donnelly-Kehoe, César Payán-Gómez, Guanxiong Huang, Jaroslaw Kantorowicz, Michèle D Birtel, Philipp Schönegger, Valerio Capraro, Hernando Santamaría-García, Meltem Yucel, Agustin Ibanez, Steve Rathje, Erik Wetter, Dragan Stanojević, Jan-Willem van Prooijen, Eugenia Hesse, Christian T Elbaek, Renata Franc, Zoran Pavlović, Panagiotis Mitkidis, Aleksandra Cichocka, Michele Gelfand, Mark Alfano, Robert M Ross, Hallgeir Sjåstad, John B Nezlek, Aleksandra Cislak, Patricia Lockwood, Koen Abts, Elena Agadullina, David M Amodio, Matthew A J Apps, John Jamir Benzon Aruta, Sahba Besharati, Alexander Bor, Becky Choma, William Cunningham, Waqas Ejaz, Harry Farmer, Andrej Findor, Biljana Gjoneska, Estrella Gualda, Toan L D Huynh, Mostak Ahamed Imran, Jacob Israelashvili, Elena Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, André Krouwel, Yordan Kutiyski, Michael Laakasuo, Claus Lamm, Jonathan Levy, Caroline Leygue, Ming-Jen Lin, Mohammad Sabbir Mansoor, Antoine Marie, Lewend Mayiwar, Honorata Mazepus, Cillian McHugh, Andreas Olsson, Tobias Otterbring, Dominic Packer, Jussi Palomäki, Anat Perry, Michael Bang Petersen, Arathy Puthillam, Tobias Rothmund, Petra C Schmid, David Stadelmann, Augustin Stoica, Drozdstoy Stoyanov, Kristina Stoyanova, Shruti Tewari, Bojan Todosijević, Benno Torgler, Manos Tsakiris, Hans H Tung, Radu Gabriel Umbreș, Edmunds Vanags, Madalina Vlasceanu, Andrew J Vonasch, Yucheng Zhang, Mohcine Abad, Eli Adler, Hamza Alaoui Mdarhri, Benedict Antazo, F Ceren Ay, Mouhamadou El Hady Ba, Sergio Barbosa, Brock Bastian, Anton Berg, Michał Białek, Ennio Bilancini, Natalia Bogatyreva, Leonardo Boncinelli, Jonathan E Booth, Sylvie Borau, Ondrej Buchel, Chrissie Ferreira de Carvalho, Tatiana Celadin, Chiara Cerami, Hom Nath Chalise, Xiaojun Cheng, Luca Cian, Kate Cockcroft, Jane Conway, Mateo A Córdoba-Delgado, Chiara Crespi, Marie Crouzevialle, Jo Cutler, Marzena Cypryańska, Justyna Dabrowska, Victoria H Davis, John Paul Minda, Pamala N Dayley, Sylvain Delouvée, Ognjan Denkovski, Guillaume Dezecache, Nathan A Dhaliwal, Alelie Diato, Roberto Di Paolo, Uwe Dulleck, Jānis Ekmanis, Tom W Etienne, Hapsa Hossain Farhana, Fahima Farkhari, Kristijan Fidanovski, Terry Flew, Shona Fraser, Raymond Boadi Frempong, Jonathan Fugelsang, Jessica Gale, E Begoña García-Navarro, Prasad Garladinne, Kurt Gray, Siobhán M Griffin, Bjarki Gronfeldt, June Gruber, Eran Halperin, Volo Herzon, Matej Hruška, Matthias F C Hudecek, Ozan Isler, Simon Jangard, Frederik Jørgensen, Oleksandra Keudel, Lina Koppel, Mika Koverola, Anton Kunnari, Josh Leota, Eva Lermer, Chunyun Li, Chiara Longoni, Darragh McCashin, Igor Mikloušić, Juliana Molina-Paredes, César Monroy-Fonseca, Elena Morales-Marente, David Moreau, Rafał Muda, Annalisa Myer, Kyle Nash, Jonas P Nitschke, Matthew S Nurse, Victoria Oldemburgo de Mello, M Soledad Palacios-Galvez, Yafeng Pan, Zsófia Papp, Philip Pärnamets, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Silva Perander, Michael Pitman, Ali Raza, Gabriel Gaudencio Rêgo, Claire Robertson, Iván Rodríguez-Pascual, Teemu Saikkonen, Octavio Salvador-Ginez, Waldir M Sampaio, Gaia Chiara Santi, David Schultner, Enid Schutte, Andy Scott, Ahmed Skali, Anna Stefaniak, Anni Sternisko, Brent Strickland, Jeffrey P Thomas, Gustav Tinghög, Iris J Traast, Raffaele Tucciarelli, Michael Tyrala, Nick D Ungson, Mete Sefa Uysal, Dirk Van Rooy, Daniel Västfjäll, Joana B Vieira, Christian von Sikorski, Alexander C Walker, Jennifer Watermeyer, Robin Willardt, Michael J A Wohl, Adrian Dominik Wójcik, Kaidi Wu, Yuki Yamada, Onurcan Yilmaz, Kumar Yogeeswaran, Carolin-Theresa Ziemer, Rolf A Zwaan, Paulo Sergio Boggio, Ashley Whillans, Paul A M Van Lange, Rajib Prasad, Michal Onderco, Cathal O'Madagain, Tarik Nesh-Nash, Oscar Moreda Laguna, Emily Kubin, Mert Gümren, Ali Fenwick, Arhan S Ertan, Michael J Bernstein, Hanane Amara, Jay Joseph Van Bavel, Brain and Cognition, Public Administration, Pavlovic, Tomislav, Avezedo, Flávio, De, Koustav, Maglić, Marina, Donnelly-Kehoe, Patricio Andreas, Payán-Gómez, César, Van Bavel, Jay J., Schmid, Petra Claudia, Crouzevialle, Marie, Willardt, Robin, et al., Ivo Pilar Institute of Social Sciences, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), University of Kentucky (UK), Universidad El Bosque [Bogota], University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Universidad del Rosario [Bogota], Universidad Nacional de Colombia [Bogotà] (UNAL), City University of Hong Kong [Hong Kong] (CUHK), Universiteit Leiden, University of Greenwich, University of St Andrews [Scotland], Middlesex University [London], Pontifical Xavierian University, Duke University [Durham], Universidad Adolfo Ibáñez [Santiago], University of California (UC), Trinity College Dublin, Stockholm School of Economics (SSE), University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), Universidad Mayor de San Andrés (UMSA), Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of Kent [Canterbury], Stanford University, Macquarie University, Norwegian School of Economics and Business Administration, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities (SWPS), University of Birmingham [Birmingham], University of Oxford, Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Vysšaja škola èkonomiki = National Research University Higher School of Economics [Moscow] (HSE), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Sunway University [Malaysia], University of the Witwatersrand [Johannesburg] (WITS), University of Toronto, National University of Sciences and Technology [Islamabad] (NUST), Comenius University in Bratislava, Macedonian Academy of Sciences and Arts [Skopje, North Macedonia] (MASA), Universidad de Huelva, University of Southampton, BRAC University, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem (HUJ), Erasmus University Rotterdam, Kieskompas, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, University of Vienna [Vienna], Reichman University [Herzliya], Aalto University, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), National Taiwan University [Taiwan] (NTU), HEMS School, BI Norwegian Business School [Oslo], University of Limerick (UL), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], University of Agder (UIA), Lehigh University [Bethlehem], Monk Prayogshala, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich (ETH Zurïch), University of Bayreuth, National School of Political and Administrative Studies (SNSPA), Plovdiv University 'Paisii Hilendarski', Indian Institute of Management Indore (IMM Indore), Institute of Social Sciences Belgrade, Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), University of London [London], National University of Political Studies and Public Administration, University of Latvia (LU), New York University [New York] (NYU), NYU System (NYU), University of Canterbury [Christchurch], Hebei University of Technology [Tianjin], Université Mohammed VI Polytechnique [Ben Guerir] (UM6P), AnsuR Technologies [Fornebu], Université Cheikh Anta Diop [Dakar, Sénégal] (UCAD), Victoria University [Melbourne], University of Wrocław [Poland] (UWr), IMT Institute for Advanced Studies [Lucca], Université de Florence, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), TBS Education, Slovak Academy of Science [Bratislava] (SAS), Santa Catarina State University (UDESC), University of Bologna/Università di Bologna, Tribhuvan University, Shenzhen Univerisity [Shenzhen], University of Virginia, Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), University of Western Ontario (UWO), Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Laboratoire de Psychologie Sociale et Cognitive (LAPSCO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), University of British Columbia (UBC), University of Queensland [Brisbane], Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU), The University of Sydney, University of Waterloo [Waterloo], University of North Carolina [Chapel Hill] (UNC), University of North Carolina System (UNC), University of Colorado [Boulder], University of Regensburg, Kyiv School of economic (KSE), Linköping University (LIU), Monash University [Clayton], Ansbach University of Applied Sciences, Ludwig Maximilian University [Munich] (LMU), Department of Management - London School of Economics and Political Science (LSE), Questrom School of Business, Boston University [Boston] (BU), Dublin City University [Dublin] (DCU), University of Auckland [Auckland], Maria Curie-Sklodowska University (UMCS), City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), University of Alberta, Australian National University (ANU), University of Silesia in Katowice, Universidad Complutense de Madrid = Complutense University of Madrid [Madrid] (UCM), Zhejiang University, Mackenzie Presbyterian University [São Paulo] (UPM), NYU Department of Psychology [New-York University], NYU System (NYU)-NYU System (NYU), University of Turku, City College of New York [CUNY] (CCNY), University of Groningen [Groningen], Carleton University, Département d'Etudes Cognitives - ENS Paris (DEC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Faculté de Gouvernance, Sciences Économiques et Sociales [UM6P] (FGSES), University College of London [London] (UCL), Susquehanna University, University of Antwerp (UA), University of Exeter, University of Koblenz-Landau, Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), Kyushu University, Kadir Has University (KHAS), Harvard Business School, Harvard University, Vidyasagar College For Women, Koç University, Hult International Business School, Boǧaziçi üniversitesi = Boğaziçi University [Istanbul], Penn State Abington, Pennsylvania Commonwealth System of Higher Education (PCSHE)-Penn State System, Communication Science, Network Institute, Communication Choices, Content and Consequences (CCCC), Social Psychology, IBBA, A-LAB, University of St Andrews. Philosophy, University of St Andrews. School of Psychology and Neuroscience, Pavlović, Tomislav [0000-0002-4470-3715], Azevedo, Flavio [0000-0001-9000-8513], De, Koustav [0000-0001-9562-0672], Riaño-Moreno, Julián C [0000-0003-4182-0550], Maglić, Marina [0000-0002-6851-4601], Gkinopoulos, Theofilos [0000-0003-1070-6245], Donnelly-Kehoe, Patricio Andreas [0000-0002-3738-9537], Payán-Gómez, César [0000-0002-0633-1332], Huang, Guanxiong [0000-0002-8588-1454], Kantorowicz, Jaroslaw [0000-0002-1186-5427], Birtel, Michèle D [0000-0002-2383-9197], Schönegger, Philipp [0000-0001-9930-487X], Capraro, Valerio [0000-0002-0579-0166], Santamaría-García, Hernando [0000-0001-9422-3579], Yucel, Meltem [0000-0002-7274-5971], Ibanez, Agustin [0000-0001-6758-5101], Rathje, Steve [0000-0001-6727-571X], Wetter, Erik [0000-0002-5821-6651], Stanojević, Dragan [0000-0002-3667-2461], van Prooijen, Jan-Willem [0000-0001-6236-0819], Hesse, Eugenia [0000-0002-9077-9833], Elbaek, Christian T [0000-0002-7039-4565], Franc, Renata [0000-0002-1909-2393], Pavlović, Zoran [0000-0002-9231-5100], Mitkidis, Panagiotis [0000-0002-9495-7369], Cichocka, Aleksandra [0000-0003-1703-1586], Alfano, Mark [0000-0001-5879-8033], Ross, Robert M [0000-0001-8711-1675], Sjåstad, Hallgeir [0000-0002-8730-1038], Nezlek, John B [0000-0003-4963-3637], Cislak, Aleksandra [0000-0002-9880-6947], Lockwood, Patricia [0000-0001-7195-9559], Abts, Koen [0000-0001-8546-8347], Agadullina, Elena [0000-0002-1505-1412], Amodio, David M [0000-0001-7746-0150], Apps, Matthew AJ [0000-0001-5793-2202], Aruta, John Jamir Benzon [0000-0003-4155-1063], Besharati, Sahba [0000-0003-2836-7982], Bor, Alexander [0000-0002-2624-9221], Choma, Becky [0000-0002-8286-8983], Ejaz, Waqas [0000-0002-2492-4115], Farmer, Harry [0000-0002-3684-0605], Findor, Andrej [0000-0002-5896-6989], Gjoneska, Biljana [0000-0003-1200-6672], Gualda, Estrella [0000-0003-0220-2135], Huynh, Toan LD [0000-0002-6653-7447], Imran, Mostak Ahamed [0000-0002-5101-3149], Israelashvili, Jacob [0000-0003-1289-223X], Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Elena [0000-0001-8128-7290], Krouwel, André [0000-0003-0952-6028], Kutiyski, Yordan [0000-0003-0889-4232], Laakasuo, Michael [0000-0003-2826-6073], Lamm, Claus [0000-0002-5422-0653], Levy, Jonathan [0000-0003-1007-2393], Leygue, Caroline [0000-0002-0355-1030], Lin, Ming-Jen [0000-0002-7174-2226], Mansoor, Mohammad Sabbir [0000-0002-6541-3506], Marie, Antoine [0000-0002-7958-0153], Mayiwar, Lewend [0000-0003-1404-4779], Mazepus, Honorata [0000-0002-5005-9399], McHugh, Cillian [0000-0002-9701-3232], Olsson, Andreas [0000-0001-5272-7744], Otterbring, Tobias [0000-0002-0283-8777], Packer, Dominic [0000-0001-8420-6548], Palomäki, Jussi [0000-0001-6063-0926], Perry, Anat [0000-0003-2329-856X], Petersen, Michael Bang [0000-0002-6782-5635], Puthillam, Arathy [0000-0003-2426-8362], Rothmund, Tobias [0000-0003-2979-5129], Schmid, Petra C [0000-0002-9990-5445], Stadelmann, David [0000-0002-1211-9936], Stoica, Augustin [0000-0003-0585-1114], Stoyanov, Drozdstoy [0000-0002-9975-3680], Stoyanova, Kristina [0000-0001-8362-6444], Tewari, Shruti [0000-0003-1903-7252], Todosijević, Bojan [0000-0002-6116-993X], Torgler, Benno [0000-0002-9809-963X], Tsakiris, Manos [0000-0001-7753-7576], Tung, Hans H [0000-0001-5332-7582], Umbreș, Radu Gabriel [0000-0002-6121-4518], Vanags, Edmunds [0000-0003-1932-936X], Vlasceanu, Madalina [0000-0003-2138-1968], Vonasch, Andrew J [0000-0002-2784-5420], Zhang, Yucheng [0000-0001-9435-6734], Abad, Mohcine [0000-0002-4964-5411], Adler, Eli [0000-0002-9005-5536], Mdarhri, Hamza Alaoui [0000-0001-9831-6561], Antazo, Benedict [0000-0001-9993-8960], Ay, F Ceren [0000-0003-4444-2268], Ba, Mouhamadou El Hady [0000-0002-2707-1242], Barbosa, Sergio [0000-0003-1989-158X], Bastian, Brock [0000-0003-4619-3322], Berg, Anton [0000-0001-7143-762X], Białek, Michał [0000-0002-5062-5733], Bilancini, Ennio [0000-0002-2027-3992], Bogatyreva, Natalia [0000-0002-6024-2322], Boncinelli, Leonardo [0000-0003-0626-5133], Booth, Jonathan E [0000-0002-8563-4613], Borau, Sylvie [0000-0003-1564-0695], Buchel, Ondrej [0000-0002-0139-5513], de Carvalho, Chrissie Ferreira [0000-0002-1369-6188], Celadin, Tatiana [0000-0002-7743-3117], Cerami, Chiara [0000-0003-1974-3421], Chalise, Hom Nath [0000-0002-9301-6890], Cian, Luca [0000-0002-8051-1366], Cockcroft, Kate [0000-0002-6166-8050], Conway, Jane [0000-0003-3883-349X], Córdoba-Delgado, Mateo A [0000-0002-2264-7388], Crespi, Chiara [0000-0002-7851-9887], Crouzevialle, Marie [0000-0002-5538-6030], Cutler, Jo [0000-0003-1073-764X], Cypryańska, Marzena [0000-0001-9234-562X], Dabrowska, Justyna [0000-0002-8821-7161], Davis, Victoria H [0000-0002-7207-4629], Minda, John Paul [0000-0002-4081-010X], Dayley, Pamala N [0000-0001-8955-9502], Delouvée, Sylvain [0000-0002-4029-597X], Denkovski, Ognjan [0000-0002-9739-4100], Dezecache, Guillaume [0000-0002-9366-6287], Dhaliwal, Nathan A [0000-0002-4667-0689], Di Paolo, Roberto [0000-0002-6081-6656], Dulleck, Uwe [0000-0002-0953-5963], Ekmanis, Jānis [0000-0003-1781-1785], Etienne, Tom W [0000-0002-4299-6593], Farkhari, Fahima [0000-0002-8484-5128], Fidanovski, Kristijan [0000-0002-9006-0140], Flew, Terry [0000-0003-4485-9338], Fraser, Shona [0000-0003-1505-0652], Frempong, Raymond Boadi [0000-0002-4603-5570], Fugelsang, Jonathan [0000-0002-6342-7023], Gale, Jessica [0000-0001-5677-8629], García-Navarro, E Begoña [0000-0001-6913-8882], Gray, Kurt [0000-0001-5816-2676], Griffin, Siobhán M [0000-0002-3613-2844], Gronfeldt, Bjarki [0000-0001-9941-7903], Gruber, June [0000-0002-7789-1353], Halperin, Eran [0000-0002-3379-2935], Herzon, Volo [0000-0001-7781-1651], Hruška, Matej [0000-0002-4521-3697], Hudecek, Matthias FC [0000-0002-7696-766X], Isler, Ozan [0000-0002-4638-2230], Jangard, Simon [0000-0002-7876-4161], Jørgensen, Frederik [0000-0002-5461-912X], Keudel, Oleksandra [0000-0001-6322-3103], Koppel, Lina [0000-0002-6302-0047], Koverola, Mika [0000-0001-8227-6120], Kunnari, Anton [0000-0002-2951-6399], Leota, Josh [0000-0002-7714-4630], Lermer, Eva [0000-0002-6600-9580], Li, Chunyun [0000-0001-5909-0889], Longoni, Chiara [0000-0002-4945-4957], McCashin, Darragh [0000-0003-2686-2111], Mikloušić, Igor [0000-0002-6539-2901], Monroy-Fonseca, César [0000-0003-4696-8159], Morales-Marente, Elena [0000-0002-1227-9606], Moreau, David [0000-0002-1957-1941], Muda, Rafał [0000-0003-4953-6642], Myer, Annalisa [0000-0002-2363-4757], Nash, Kyle [0000-0003-0461-3835], Nitschke, Jonas P [0000-0002-3244-8585], Nurse, Matthew S [0000-0003-1787-5914], de Mello, Victoria Oldemburgo [0000-0003-2867-8529], Palacios-Galvez, Maria Soledad [0000-0002-6802-6202], Pan, Yafeng [0000-0002-5633-8313], Papp, Zsófia [0000-0001-6257-0568], Pärnamets, Philip [0000-0001-8360-9097], Paruzel-Czachura, Mariola [0000-0002-8716-9778], Perander, Silva [0000-0001-6711-8079], Pitman, Michael [0000-0001-5532-5388], Raza, Ali [0000-0002-2438-6054], Rêgo, Gabriel Gaudencio [0000-0003-3304-4723], Robertson, Claire [0000-0001-8403-6358], Rodríguez-Pascual, Iván [0000-0002-5385-3643], Saikkonen, Teemu [0000-0001-9619-3270], Salvador-Ginez, Octavio [0000-0002-1652-8788], Sampaio, Waldir M [0000-0002-6066-4314], Santi, Gaia Chiara [0000-0002-9253-6122], Schultner, David [0000-0003-2253-4065], Schutte, Enid [0000-0002-6653-5409], Scott, Andy [0000-0002-3294-0078], Skali, Ahmed [0000-0002-4753-3280], Stefaniak, Anna [0000-0002-1706-7784], Sternisko, Anni [0000-0002-2507-3076], Strickland, Brent [0000-0002-7573-3722], Thomas, Jeffrey P [0000-0002-5939-5559], Tinghög, Gustav [0000-0002-8159-1249], Tucciarelli, Raffaele [0000-0002-0342-308X], Tyrala, Michael [0000-0001-5268-8319], Ungson, Nick D [0000-0003-2494-4498], Uysal, Mete Sefa [0000-0002-8698-9213], Van Rooy, Dirk [0000-0003-2525-5408], Västfjäll, Daniel [0000-0003-2873-4500], Vieira, Joana B [0000-0001-7335-4588], von Sikorski, Christian [0000-0002-3787-8277], Walker, Alexander C [0000-0003-1431-6770], Watermeyer, Jennifer [0000-0001-7918-8832], Willardt, Robin [0000-0002-2495-3450], Wohl, Michael JA [0000-0001-6945-5562], Wójcik, Adrian Dominik [0000-0002-7073-6019], Wu, Kaidi [0000-0001-6881-7437], Yamada, Yuki [0000-0003-1431-568X], Yilmaz, Onurcan [0000-0002-6094-7162], Yogeeswaran, Kumar [0000-0002-1978-5077], Ziemer, Carolin-Theresa [0000-0002-0794-7702], Zwaan, Rolf A [0000-0001-9967-7879], Boggio, Paulo Sergio [0000-0002-6109-0447], Van Lange, Paul AM [0000-0001-7774-6984], Prasad, Rajib [0000-0003-0913-1624], Onderco, Michal [0000-0001-9911-3782], O'Madagain, Cathal [0000-0002-4086-524X], Nesh-Nash, Tarik [0000-0002-5532-9095], Kubin, Emily [0000-0003-0606-8594], Gümren, Mert [0000-0002-3298-6295], Fenwick, Ali [0000-0002-5412-9745], Ertan, Arhan S [0000-0001-9730-8391], Bernstein, Michael J [0000-0002-8083-9839], Amara, Hanane [0000-0003-0732-2320], Van Bavel, Jay Joseph [0000-0002-2520-0442], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Sociale Psychologie (Psychologie, FMG), ASCoR Other Research (FMG), Department of Neuroscience and Biomedical Engineering, Aalto-yliopisto, Department of Digital Humanities, Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Cognitive Science, High Performance Cognition group, Mind and Matter, and Department of Computer Science

Subjects
Hälso- och sjukvårdsorganisation, hälsopolitik och hälsoekonomi, Economics, COVID-19, social distancing, hygiene, policy support, public health measures, J Political Science, [SHS.PSY]Humanities and Social Sciences/Psychology, psychology, Settore SECS-P/02 - Politica Economica, Q1, H Social Sciences, [STAT.ML]Statistics [stat]/Machine Learning [stat.ML], SDG 3 - Good Health and Well-being, RA0421, RA0421 Public health. Hygiene. Preventive Medicine, Machine learning, Psychology, Nationalekonomi, Settore SECS-P/01 - Economia Politica, MCC, Computer. Automation, Psykologi (exklusive tillämpad psykologi), DAS, Health Care Service and Management, Health Policy and Services and Health Economy, [SHS.SCIPO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Political science, Psychology (excluding Applied Psychology), machine learning, Settore SECS-P/03 - Scienza delle Finanze, 5171 Political Science, Human medicine, COVID-19, social distancing, hygiene, policy support, public health measures
Abstract

At the beginning of 2020, COVID-19 became a global problem. Despite all the efforts to emphasize the relevance of preventive measures, not everyone adhered to them. Thus, learning more about the characteristics determining attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic is crucial to improving future interventions. In this study, we applied machine learning on the multinational data collected by the International Collaboration on the Social and Moral Psychology of COVID-19 (N = 51,404) to test the predictive efficacy of constructs from social, moral, cognitive, and personality psychology, as well as socio-demographic factors, in the attitudinal and behavioral responses to the pandemic. The results point to several valuable insights. Internalized moral identity provided the most consistent predictive contribution—individuals perceiving moral traits as central to their self-concept reported higher adherence to preventive measures. Similar results were found for morality as cooperation, symbolized moral identity, self-control, open-mindedness, and collective narcissism, while the inverse relationship was evident for the endorsement of conspiracy theories. However, we also found a non-neglible variability in the explained variance and predictive contributions with respect to macro-level factors such as the pandemic stage or cultural region. Overall, the results underscore the importance of morality-related and contextual factors in understanding adherence to public health recommendations during the pandemic., PNAS Nexus, 1 (3), ISSN:2752-6542

Published
2022
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15. National identity predicts public health support during a global pandemic

Author

Jay Joseph Van Bavel, Aleksandra Cichocka, Valerio Capraro, Hallgeir Sjåstad, John B. Nezlek, Mark Alfano, Flavio Azevedo, Aleksandra Cislak, Patricia Lockwood, Robert M Ross, Elena Agadullina, Matthew A J Apps, JOHN JAMIR BENZON R. ARUTA, Alexander Bor, Charles Crabtree, William A. Cunningham, Koustav De, Christian T. Elbaek, Waqas Ejaz, Andrej Findor, Biljana Gjoneska, Yusaku Horiuchi, Toan Luu Duc Huynh, Agustin Ibanez, Jacob Israelashvili, Katarzyna Jasko, Jaroslaw Kantorowicz, Elena Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, André Krouwel, Michael Laakasuo, Claus Lamm, Caroline Leygue, Mohammad Sabbir Mansoor, Lewend Mayiwar, Honorata Mazepus, Cillian McHugh, Panagiotis Mitkidis, Andreas Olsson, Tobias Otterbring, Anat Perry, Dominic Packer, Michael Bang Petersen, Arathy Puthillam, Tobias Rothmund, SHRUTI TEWARI, Manos Tsakiris, Hans Tung, Meltem Yucel, Edmunds Vanags, Madalina Vlasceanu, Benedict Guzman Antazo, Sergio Barbosa, Brock Bastian, Ennio Bilancini, Natalia Bogatyreva, Leonardo Boncinelli, Jonathan E. Booth, Sylvie Borau, Ondrej Buchel, Chrissie Ferreira Carvalho, Tatiana Celadin, Chiara Cerami, Luca Cian, Chiara Crespi, Jo Cutler, Sylvain Delouvée, Guillaume Dezecache, Roberto Di Paolo, Uwe Dulleck, Tom Etienne, Fahima Farkhari, Jonathan Albert Fugelsang, Theofilos Gkinopoulos, Kurt Gray, Siobhán M Griffin, Bjarki Gronfeldt, June Gruber, Elizabeth Ann Harris, Matej Hruška, Ozan Isler, Simon Jangard, Frederik Juhl Jørgensen, Lina Koppel, Josh Leota, Eva Lermer, Neil L Levy, Chiara Longoni, Asako Miura, Rafał Muda, Annalisa Myer, Kyle Nash, Jonas P. Nitschke, Yohsuke Ohtsubo, Victoria Oldemburgo de Mello, Yafeng Pan, Papp Zsófia, Philip Pärnamets, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Michael Mark Pitman, Joanna Pyrkosz-Pacyna, Steve Rathje, Ali Raza, Kasey Rhee, Gabriel Gaudencio do Rêgo, Claire Robertson, Octavio Salvador-Ginez, Waldir M. Sampaio, David Alan Savage, Julian Andrew Scheffer, Philipp Schönegger, Andy Scott, Ahmed Skali, Brent Strickland, Clara Alexandra Stafford, Anna Stefaniak, Anni Sternisko, Gustav Tinghög, Benno Torgler, Raffaele Tucciarelli, Nick D'Angelo Ungson, Mete Sefa Uysal, Jan-Willem van Prooijen, Dirk Van Rooy, Daniel Västfjäll, Joana Vieira, Alexander C. Walker, Erik Wetter, Robin Richard Willardt, Adrian Dominik Wojcik, Kaidi Wu, Yuki Yamada, Onurcan Yilmaz, Kumar Yogeeswaran, Rolf Antonius Zwaan, Paulo Boggio, Daryl Cameron, Michael Tyrala, Estrella Gualda, David Moreau, Jussi Palomäki, and Matthias F. C. Hudecek

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Economic growth, Distancing, Public health, media_common.quotation_subject, Psychological intervention, Public policy, Hygiene, Political science, Pandemic, National identity, medicine, World Values Survey, media_common
Abstract

Changing collective behaviour and supporting non-pharmaceutical interventions is an important component in mitigating virus transmission during a pandemic. In a large international collaboration (Study 1, N = 49,968 across 67 countries), we investigated self-reported factors that associated with people reported adopting public health behaviours (e.g., spatial distancing and stricter hygiene) and endorsed public policy interventions (e.g., closing bars and restaurants) during the early stage of the pandemic (April-May 2020). Respondents who reported identifying more strongly with their nation consistently reported greater engagement in public health behaviours and support for public health policies. Results were similar for representative and non-representative national samples. Study 2 (N = 42 countries) conceptually replicated the central finding using aggregate indices of national identity (obtained using the World Values Survey) and a measure of actual behaviour change during the pandemic (obtained from Google mobility reports). Higher levels of national identification prior to the pandemic predicted lower mobility during the early stage of the pandemic (r = -.40). We discuss the potential implications of links between national identity, leadership, and public health for managing COVID-19 and future pandemics.

Published
2020
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