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1. The AWAKE Run 2 Programme and Beyond

Author

Edda Gschwendtner, Konstantin Lotov, Patric Muggli, Matthew Wing, Riccardo Agnello, Claudia Christina Ahdida, Maria Carolina Amoedo Goncalves, Yanis Andrebe, Oznur Apsimon, Robert Apsimon, Jordan Matias Arnesano, Anna-Maria Bachmann, Diego Barrientos, Fabian Batsch, Vittorio Bencini, Michele Bergamaschi, Patrick Blanchard, Philip Nicholas Burrows, Birger Buttenschön, Allen Caldwell, James Chappell, Eric Chevallay, Moses Chung, David Andrew Cooke, Heiko Damerau, Can Davut, Gabor Demeter, Amos Christopher Dexter, Steffen Doebert, Francesa Ann Elverson, John Farmer, Ambrogio Fasoli, Valentin Fedosseev, Ricardo Fonseca, Ivo Furno, Spencer Gessner, Aleksandr Gorn, Eduardo Granados, Marcel Granetzny, Tim Graubner, Olaf Grulke, Eloise Daria Guran, Vasyl Hafych, Anthony Hartin, James Henderson, Mathias Hüther, Miklos Kedves, Fearghus Keeble, Vadim Khudiakov, Seong-Yeol Kim, Florian Kraus, Michel Krupa, Thibaut Lefevre, Linbo Liang, Shengli Liu, Nelson Lopes, Miguel Martinez Calderon, Stefano Mazzoni, David Medina Godoy, Joshua Moody, Kookjin Moon, Pablo Israel Morales Guzmán, Mariana Moreira, Tatiana Nechaeva, Elzbieta Nowak, Collette Pakuza, Harsha Panuganti, Ans Pardons, Kevin Pepitone, Aravinda Perera, Jan Pucek, Alexander Pukhov, Rebecca Louise Ramjiawan, Stephane Rey, Adam Scaachi, Oliver Schmitz, Eugenio Senes, Fernando Silva, Luis Silva, Christine Stollberg, Alban Sublet, Catherine Swain, Athanasios Topaloudis, Nuno Torrado, Petr Tuev, Marlene Turner, Francesco Velotti, Livio Verra, Victor Verzilov, Jorge Vieira, Helmut Vincke, Martin Weidl, Carsten Welsch, Manfred Wendt, Peerawan Wiwattananon, Joseph Wolfenden, Benjamin Woolley, Samuel Wyler, Guoxing Xia, Vlada Yarygova, Michael Zepp, and Giovanni Zevi Della Porta

Subjects
AWAKE, proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration, dark photons, strong-field QED, electron–proton physics, Mathematics, QA1-939
Abstract

Plasma wakefield acceleration is a promising technology to reduce the size of particle accelerators. The use of high energy protons to drive wakefields in plasma has been demonstrated during Run 1 of the AWAKE programme at CERN. Protons of energy 400 GeV drove wakefields that accelerated electrons to 2 GeV in under 10 m of plasma. The AWAKE collaboration is now embarking on Run 2 with the main aims to demonstrate stable accelerating gradients of 0.5–1 GV/m, preserve emittance of the electron bunches during acceleration and develop plasma sources scalable to 100s of metres and beyond. By the end of Run 2, the AWAKE scheme should be able to provide electron beams for particle physics experiments and several possible experiments have already been evaluated. This article summarises the programme of AWAKE Run 2 and how it will be achieved as well as the possible application of the AWAKE scheme to novel particle physics experiments.

Published
2022
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2. Modelling the underlying event in photon-initiated processes

Author

Jonathan Butterworth, Ilkka Helenius, Juan Jose Juan Castella, Bradley Pattengale, Shahzad Sanjrani, Matthew Wing

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Modelling the underlying event in high-energy hadronic collisions is important for physics at colliders. This includes lepton colliders, where low-virtuality photons accompanying the lepton beam(s) may develop hadronic structure. Similarly, photon-induced collisions also occur in proton or heavy-ion beam experiments. While the underlying event in proton-proton collisions has been the subject of much study at the LHC, studies of hadronic-photon-induced underlying event are now of increasing interest in light of planned future lepton and lepton-hadron colliders, as well as the photon-induced processes in ultra-peripheral collisions at the LHC. Here we present an investigation of the underlying event in photon-initiated processes, starting from the Pythia models used to describe LHC and Tevatron data, and revisiting HERA and LEP2 data. While no single tune describes all the data with different beam configurations, we find that a good agreement can still be found within the same model by adjusting the relevant parameters separately for $\gamma\gamma$, $\gamma p$ and $pp$. This suggests that the basic model of multiparton interaction implemented in Pythia can be applied for different beam configurations. Furthermore, we find that a reasonable agreement for $\gamma\gamma$ and $\gamma p$ data, and for $pp$ data at an LHC reference energy, can be found within a single parametrization, but $pp$ collisions would prefer a stronger energy dependence, leading to too many multiparton interactions in lower energy photon-induced collisions. On this basis, we make some recommendations for simulations of photon-induced processes, such as $\gamma \gamma$ events at the LHC or FCC and $ep$ or $eA$ collisions at the EIC, and suggest possibilities for improvements in the modelling.

Published
2024
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3. Quantitative single shot and spatially resolved plasma wakefield diagnostics

Author

Muhammad Firmansyah Kasim, James Holloway, Luke Ceurvorst, Matthew C. Levy, Naren Ratan, James Sadler, Robert Bingham, Philip N. Burrows, Raoul Trines, Matthew Wing, and Peter Norreys

Subjects
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

Diagnosing plasma conditions can give great advantages in optimizing plasma wakefield accelerator experiments. One possible method is that of photon acceleration. By propagating a laser probe pulse through a plasma wakefield and extracting the imposed frequency modulation, one can obtain an image of the density modulation of the wakefield. In order to diagnose the wakefield parameters at a chosen point in the plasma, the probe pulse crosses the plasma at oblique angles relative to the wakefield. In this paper, mathematical expressions relating the frequency modulation of the laser pulse and the wakefield density profile of the plasma for oblique crossing angles are derived. Multidimensional particle-in-cell simulation results presented in this paper confirm that the frequency modulation profiles and the density modulation profiles agree to within 10%. Limitations to the accuracy of the measurement are discussed in this paper. This technique opens new possibilities to quantitatively diagnose the plasma wakefield density at known positions within the plasma column.

Published
2015
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4. Simulation of density measurements in plasma wakefields using photon acceleration

Author

Muhammad Firmansyah Kasim, Naren Ratan, Luke Ceurvorst, James Sadler, Philip N. Burrows, Raoul Trines, James Holloway, Matthew Wing, Robert Bingham, and Peter Norreys

Subjects
Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

One obstacle in plasma accelerator development is the limitation of techniques to diagnose and measure plasma wakefield parameters. In this paper, we present a novel concept for the density measurement of a plasma wakefield using photon acceleration, supported by extensive particle in cell simulations of a laser pulse that copropagates with a wakefield. The technique can provide the perturbed electron density profile in the laser’s reference frame, averaged over the propagation length, to be accurate within 10%. We discuss the limitations that affect the measurement: small frequency changes, photon trapping, laser displacement, stimulated Raman scattering, and laser beam divergence. By considering these processes, one can determine the optimal parameters of the laser pulse and its propagation length. This new technique allows a characterization of the density perturbation within a plasma wakefield accelerator.

Published
2015
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5. Rare decays of heavy baryons using soft collinear effective theory

Author

Yip, Matthew Wing Yu

Subjects
530
Abstract

In the era of high-luminosity hadronic colliders, the rare heavy-to-light decay Lambda_b to Lambda l+ l- receives increasing research attention in both experimental and theoretical particle phenomenology. This flavour-changing neutral-current decay is a potential window for the discovery of new Physics beyond the Standard Model through its helicity-sensitive nature, complementing past and ongoing searches and calculations related to the B meson. In this work the universal soft form factor in the heavy-quark and large-recoil limits is calculated using light-cone sum rules in the framework of soft-collinear effective theory, as is the O(alpha_s) correction from hard-collinear gluon exchange. Numerical estimates on form-factor ratios and experimental observables are presented. Related issues, including baryonic transition form factors and in particular light-cone distribution amplitudes for the heavy baryon Lambda_b, are also discussed.

Published
2013

6. Preservation of beam quality in a plasma-wakefield accelerator

Author

Carl Andreas Lindstrøm, Judita Beinortaitė, Jonas Björklund Svensson, Lewis Boulton, James Chappell, Severin Diederichs, Brian Foster, Matthew Garland, Pau Gonzalez, Gregor Loisch, Felipe Peña, Sarah Schröder, Maxence Thévenet, Stephan Wesch, Matthew Wing, Jonathan Wood, Richard D'Arcy, and Jens Osterhoff

Abstract

Radio-frequency accelerators are engines of discovery, powering high-energy physics and photon science, but are also large and expensive due to their limited accelerating fields. Plasma-wakefield accelerators (PWFAs) provide orders-of-magnitude stronger fields in the charge-density wave behind a particle bunch travelling in a plasma, promising particle accelerators of greatly reduced size and cost. However, PWFAs easily degrade the beam quality of the bunches they accelerate. Emittance, which determines how tightly beams can be focused, is a critical beam quality in for instance colliders and free-electron lasers, but is particularly prone to degradation. We demonstrate, for the first time, emittance preservation in a high-gradient and high-efficiency PWFA while simultaneously preserving charge and energy spread. This establishes that PWFAs can accelerate without degradation—essential for energy boosters in photon science and multistage facilities for compact high-energy particle colliders.

Published
2022
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7. A magnetic spectrometer to measure electron bunches accelerated at AWAKE

Author

Thomas Schneider, Matthew Wing, Stefano Mazzoni, James Chappell, L. Deacon, J. Bauche, J. D. Hansen, A. Vorozhtsov, I. Gorgisyan, Alexey Petrenko, F. Keeble, David R. Cooke, B. Biskup, Michele Cascella, Q. Deliege, P. La Penna, Peter Sherwood, D. Medina Godoy, Simon Jolly, Nicolas Chritin, and Marco Quattri

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Other Fields of Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, 010305 fluids & plasmas, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Optics, Dipole magnet, physics.plasm-ph, 0103 physical sciences, Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation, physics.acc-ph, Physics, Scintillation, Spectrometer, hep-ex, business.industry, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Plasma, Plasma acceleration, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Physics - Plasma Physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Bunches, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, business, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A magnetic spectrometer has been developed for the AWAKE experiment at CERN in order to measure the energy distribution of bunches of electrons accelerated in wakefields generated by proton bunches in plasma. AWAKE is a proof-of-principle experiment for proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration, using proton bunches from the SPS. Electron bunches are accelerated to O (1 GeV) in a rubidium plasma cell and then separated from the proton bunches via a dipole magnet. The dipole magnet also induces an energy-dependent spatial horizontal spread on the electron bunch which then impacts on a scintillator screen. The scintillation photons emitted are transported via three highly-reflective mirrors to an intensified CCD camera, housed in a dark room, which passes the images to the CERN controls system for storage and further analysis. Given the known magnetic field and determination of the efficiencies of the system, the spatial spread of the scintillation photons can be converted to an electron energy distribution. A lamp attached on a rail in front of the scintillator is used to calibrate the optical system, with calibration of the scintillator screen’s response to electrons carried out at the CLEAR facility at CERN. In this article, the design of the AWAKE spectrometer is presented, along with the calibrations carried out and expected performance such that the energy distribution of accelerated electrons can be measured. A magnetic spectrometer has been developed for the AWAKE experiment at CERN in order to measure the energy distribution of bunches of electrons accelerated in wakefields generated by proton bunches in plasma. AWAKE is a proof-of-principle experiment for proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration, using proton bunches from the SPS. Electron bunches are accelerated to $\mathcal{O}$(1 GeV) in a rubidium plasma cell and then separated from the proton bunches via a dipole magnet. The dipole magnet also induces an energy-dependent spatial horizontal spread on the electron bunch which then impacts on a scintillator screen. The scintillation photons emitted are transported via three highly-reflective mirrors to an intensified CCD camera, housed in a dark room, which passes the images to the CERN controls system for storage and further analysis. Given the known magnetic field and determination of the efficiencies of the system, the spatial spread of the scintillation photons can be converted to an electron energy distribution. A lamp attached on a rail in front of the scintillator is used to calibrate the optical system, with calibration of the scintillator screen's response to electrons carried out at the CLEAR facility at CERN. In this article, the design of the AWAKE spectrometer is presented, along with the calibrations carried out and expected performance such that the energy distribution of accelerated electrons can be measured.

Published
2019
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8. Simulation and experimental study of proton bunch self-modulation in plasma with linear density gradients

Author

Thibaut Lefèvre, J. Pucek, L. Verra, M. Granetzny, A. Perera, Kookjin Moon, M. Wendt, M. Aladi, Y. Andrebe, V. Hafych, N. Lopes, V. N. Fedosseev, Ralph Fiorito, J. T. Moody, E. D. Guran, C. Davut, T. Graubner, R. Agnello, Stefano Mazzoni, M. Turner, N. Torrado, R. Apsimon, M. C. Amoedo Goncalves, James Henderson, Allen Caldwell, Philip Burrows, S. Doebert, Patrick Muggli, M. Hüther, B. Ráczkevi, Linbo Liang, Ans Pardons, Olaf Grulke, Alexander Pukhov, M. Krupa, F. Batsch, P. I. Morales Guzmán, Spencer Gessner, M. A. Baistrukov, H. Panuganti, S. Rey, M. Martyanov, Eugenio Senes, M. Zepp, Moses Chung, Ivo Furno, M. Á. Kedves, V. K. Khudyakov, Oliver Schmitz, D. Medina Godoy, Ambrogio Fasoli, Rebecca Ramjiawan, H. Damerau, Guoxing Xia, Jorge Vieira, E. Nowak, Eric Chevallay, G. Zevi della Porta, Luis O. Silva, A. Topaloudis, C. Pakuza, M. Moreira, Matthew Wing, A.-M. Bachmann, G. Demeter, John P. Farmer, Konstantin Lotov, P. Blanchard, Eduardo Granados, C. Stollberg, O. Apsimon, A. Sublet, D. A. Cooke, Carsten Welsch, J. Wolfenden, B. Woolley, P. V. Tuev, Ricardo Fonseca, J. Chappell, F. Braunmüller, Florian Kraus, A. A. Gorn, Sung Youb Kim, B. Buttenschön, Amos Dexter, C. Ahdida, Edda Gschwendtner, Francesco Velotti, Michele Bergamaschi, T. Nechaeva, H. Vincke, and Collaboration, AWAKE

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Proton, Dephasing, Other Fields of Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas [Domínio/Área Científica], 010305 fluids & plasmas, Position (vector), Physics::Plasma Physics, physics.plasm-ph, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, physics.acc-ph, Physics, Linear density, Charge (physics), Surfaces and Interfaces, Plasma, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Physics - Plasma Physics, Computational physics, ddc, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Frequency modulation, Beam (structure)
Abstract

We present numerical simulations and experimental results of the self-modulation of a long proton bunch in a plasma with linear density gradients along the beam path. Simulation results agree with the experimental results reported in arXiv:2007.14894v2: with negative gradients, the charge of the modulated bunch is lower than with positive gradients. In addition, the bunch modulation frequency varies with gradient. Simulation results show that dephasing of the wakefields with respect to the relativistic protons along the plasma is the main cause for the loss of charge. The study of the modulation frequency reveals details about the evolution of the self-modulation process along the plasma. In particular for negative gradients, the modulation frequency across time-resolved images of the bunch indicates the position along the plasma where protons leave the wakefields. Simulations and experimental results are in excellent agreement., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures

Published
2021
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9. Conceptual design report for the LUXE experiment

Author

Miroslaw Firlej, Oleksandr Borysov, M. Shchedrolosiev, Y. Benhammou, D. Thoden, Marco Bruschi, Burkhard Kampfer, R. Brinkmann, K. Fleck, Gilad Perez, Stefan Schmitt, Ruth Magdalena Jacobs, Daniel Seipt, Jenny List, Marek Idzik, Jakub Moron, N. Cavanagh, C. Grojean, Mauro Morandin, Oz Davidi, T. Teter, R. Prasad, Tom Blackburn, R. Pöschl, N. Tal Hod, Christian Rödel, Wolfgang Lohmann, Halina Abramowicz, Ben King, K. Büßer, Florian Burkart, Matthew Zepf, S. Schuwalow, Victor Malka, A. Levanon, Marco Zanetti, Sergey Rykovanov, Ties Behnke, E. Negodin, A. Zhemchukov, F. C. Salgado, A. J. MacLeod, A. Sbrizzi, Suo Tang, Fabien Quéré, I. Levy, Zhaoyu Bai, Krzysztof Swientek, Matthias C. Hoffmann, H. Harsh, L. Shaimerdenova, Stewart Boogert, Beate Heinemann, M. Altarelli, A. Zarubin, Matthew Wing, Anton Ilderton, U. Dosselli, Andreas Ringwald, Winfried Decking, O. Tolbanov, A. Sävert, Greger Torgrimsson, A. Santra, J. Hallford, N. Elkina, Anthony Hartin, Mikhail Ivanovitch Gostkin, Ulrich Schramm, X. Huang, M. Streeter, L. Helary, A. Tyazhev, Tomasz Fiutowski, A. A. Mironov, Gianluca Sarri, Alexander I. Titov, M. Skakunov, F. Meloni, I. Pomerantz, Karl Zeil, Aharon Levy, S. Huang, H. Lahno, M. Borysova, Thomas Heinzl, Ralph Aßmann, Alexander Fedotov, T. Ma, Y. Soreq, U. Acosta, Laboratoire de Physique des 2 Infinis Irène Joliot-Curie (IJCLab), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interactions, Dynamiques et Lasers (ex SPAM) (LIDyl), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Physics beyond the Standard Model, General Physics and Astronomy, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), Conceptual design, law, quantum electrodynamics, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], General Materials Science, фотон-фотонные взаимодействия, Laser power scaling, electron: beam, photon: flux, Physics, flux [photon], Quantum Physics, energy: high, new physics: search for, Monte Carlo [numerical calculations], High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, high [energy], квантовая физика, proposed experiment, numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, performance, Field (physics), Phase (waves), FOS: Physical sciences, Field strength, Physics and Astronomy(all), interaction [photon photon], photon photon: interaction, Materials Science(all), search for [new physics], 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, Aerospace engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 010306 general physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, background, Laser, beam [electron], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEN-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/General Physics [physics.gen-ph], laser, Coupling (physics), field strength, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], квантовая электродинамика, электрон-фононные взаимодействия, business, Quantum Physics (quant-ph)
Abstract

This Conceptual Design Report describes LUXE (Laser Und XFEL Experiment), an experimental campaign that aims to combine the high-quality and high-energy electron beam of the European XFEL with a powerful laser to explore the uncharted terrain of quantum electrodynamics characterised by both high energy and high intensity. We will reach this hitherto inaccessible regime of quantum physics by analysing high-energy electron-photon and photon-photon interactions in the extreme environment provided by an intense laser focus. The physics background and its relevance are presented in the science case which in turn leads to, and justifies, the ensuing plan for all aspects of the experiment: Our choice of experimental parameters allows (i) field strengths to be probed where the coupling to charges becomes non-perturbative and (ii) a precision to be achieved that permits a detailed comparison of the measured data with calculations. In addition, the high photon flux predicted will enable a sensitive search for new physics beyond the Standard Model. The initial phase of the experiment will employ an existing 40 TW laser, whereas the second phase will utilise an upgraded laser power of 350 TW. All expectations regarding the performance of the experimental set-up as well as the expected physics results are based on detailed numerical simulations throughout.

Published
2021
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10. Analysis of Proton Bunch Parameters in the AWAKE Experiment

Author

Stefano Mazzoni, J. Pucek, M. Turner, V. N. Fedosseev, Robert Apsimon, Jorge Vieira, A. A. Gorn, A. Perera, O. Apsimon, B. Ráczkevi, D. Medina Godoy, L. Verra, B. Buttenschön, M. Aladi, R. Fiorito, Rebecca Ramjiawan, G. Zevi della Porta, P. I. Morales Guzmán, Carsten Welsch, M. Krupa, Kookjin Moon, Ricardo Fonseca, Florian Kraus, H. Panuganti, S. Doebert, Nelson Lopes, E. Senes, S. Rey, B. Woolley, V. Khudyakov, M. Granetzny, D. A. Cooke, C. Pakuza, Oliver Schmitz, Allen Caldwell, Ambrogio Fasoli, R. Agnello, T. Nechaeva, Matthew Wing, M. Moreira, Eduardo Granados, Luis O. Silva, Konstantin Lotov, Manfred Wendt, C. Stollberg, P. Blanchard, Alexander Pukhov, Moses Chung, N. Torrado, V. Hafych, A. Topaloudis, Spencer Gessner, Amos Dexter, G. Demeter, C. Ahdida, E. Nowak, J. Wolfenden, Eric Chevallay, Edda Gschwendtner, S.-Y. Kim, Linbo Liang, J. T. Moody, M. Á. Kedves, John P. Farmer, C. Davut, M. Hüther, E. D. Guran, Philip Burrows, Olaf Grulke, A. Sublet, M. Bergamaschi, Ans Pardons, T. Graubner, Francesco Velotti, F. Batsch, M. Zepp, P. V. Tuev, M. A. Baistrukov, J. Chappell, Y. Andrebe, A.-M. Bachmann, H. Vincke, M. C. Amoedo Goncalves, H. Damerau, Ivo Furno, Guoxing Xia, J. R. Henderson, Thibaut Lefèvre, AWAKE Collaboration, and Collaboration, The AWAKE

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Proton, FOS: Physical sciences, Fitting methods, Radiation, Bayesian inference, Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas [Domínio/Área Científica], High Energy Physics - Experiment, analysis and statistical methods, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Ciências Naturais::Matemáticas [Domínio/Área Científica], Beam-line instrumentation (beam position and profile monitors beam intensity monitors bunch length monitors), Pattern recognition, beam-line instrumentation (beam position and profile monitors, beam-intensity monitors bunch, length monitors), Engenharia e Tecnologia::Outras Engenharias e Tecnologias [Domínio/Área Científica], wakefield, Divergence (statistics), Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, physics.acc-ph, Physics, Pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods, hep-ex, Cluster finding calibration, Process (computing), electrons, acceleration, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Computational physics, Transverse plane, Bunches, Beamline, pattern recognition, cluster finding, calibration and fitting methods, Beam-line instrumentation (beam position and profile monitors, beam-intensity monitors, bunch length monitors), Analysis and statistical methods, beam, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Particle Physics - Experiment
Abstract

A precise characterization of the incoming proton bunch parameters is required to accurately simulate the self-modulation process in the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE). This paper presents an analysis of the parameters of the incoming proton bunches used in the later stages of the AWAKE Run 1 data-taking period. The transverse structure of the bunch is observed at multiple positions along the beamline using scintillating or optical transition radiation screens. The parameters of a model that describes the bunch transverse dimensions and divergence are fitted to represent the observed data using Bayesian inference. The analysis is tested on simulated data and then applied to the experimental data. A precise characterization of the incoming proton bunch parameters is required to accurately simulate the self-modulation process in the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE). This paper presents an analysis of the parameters of the incoming proton bunches used in the later stages of the AWAKE Run 1 data-taking period. The transverse structure of the bunch is observed at multiple positions along the beamline using scintillating or optical transition radiation screens. The parameters of a model that describes the bunch transverse dimensions and divergence are fitted to represent the observed data using Bayesian inference. The analysis is tested on simulated data and then applied to the experimental data.

Published
2021
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11. Proton Bunch Self-Modulation in Plasma with Density Gradient

Author

Eric Chevallay, V. A. Minakov, F. Keeble, Linbo Liang, Ans Pardons, F. Friebel, J. R. Henderson, M. A. Baistrukov, Stefano Mazzoni, M. Turner, Yu Li, F. Batsch, Ivo Furno, L. Verra, M. Granetzny, H. Saberi, Philip Burrows, V. Hafych, Carsten Welsch, J. T. Moody, M. Hüther, Guoxing Xia, Benjamin Woolley, M. Á. Kedves, P. Blanchard, P. V. Tuev, V. A. Verzilov, J. Chappell, M. Chung, Florian Kraus, R. I. Spitsyn, Ricardo Fonseca, T. Nechaeva, A. Perera, Olaf Grulke, M. Krupa, M. Aladi, R. Fiorito, S. Liu, Brennan Goddard, A. Helm, Nelson Lopes, I. Gorgisyan, Erik Adli, E. Senes, Ambrogio Fasoli, Patric Muggli, M. Zepp, S. Doebert, L. H. Deubner, Spencer Gessner, D. Medina Godoy, Rebecca Ramjiawan, M. Martyanov, S. Rey, Hartmut Ruhl, M. Moreira, Alan Howling, H. Panuganti, Amos Dexter, Simon Jolly, R. Jacquier, D. A. Cooke, Edda Gschwendtner, G. Zevi della Porta, G. P. Djotyan, T. Lefevre, M. Bergamaschi, J. Pucek, L. Garolfi, B. Williamson, Matthew Wing, H. Damerau, A. A. Gorn, V. N. Fedosseev, Eduardo Granados, I. Yu. Kargapolov, Francesco Velotti, Robert Apsimon, Sung Youb Kim, B. Buttenschön, O. Apsimon, Luis O. Silva, F. Braunmüller, B. Ráczkevi, Alexander Pukhov, Anthony Hartin, G. Demeter, M. D. Kelisani, John P. Farmer, Allen Caldwell, R. Agnello, Peter Sherwood, F. Peña Asmus, Jorge Vieira, A.-M. Bachmann, P. I. Morales Guzmán, Konstantin Lotov, J. Wolfenden, C. Davut, Oliver Schmitz, Alexey Petrenko, Y. Andrebe, and Collaboration, AWAKE

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Proton, Density gradient, Other Fields of Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas [Domínio/Área Científica], 01 natural sciences, Physics::Plasma Physics, physics.plasm-ph, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, physics.acc-ph, Physics, Linear system, Spectral density, Plasma, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Physics - Plasma Physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Modulation, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Atomic physics, Phase velocity, Frequency modulation
Abstract

We study experimentally the effect of linear plasma density gradients on the self-modulation of a 400\,GeV proton bunch. Results show that a positive/negative gradient in/decreases the number of micro-bunches and the relative charge per micro-bunch observed after 10\,m of plasma. The measured modulation frequency also in/decreases. With the largest positive gradient we observe two frequencies in the modulation power spectrum. Results are consistent with changes in wakefields' phase velocity due to plasma density gradient adding to the slow wakefields' phase velocity during self-modulation growth predicted by linear theory., Comment: 14 pages, 4 figures

Published
2020
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12. Experimental Study of Wakefields Driven by a Self-Modulating Proton Bunch in Plasma

Author

L. Garolfi, M. Aladi, B. Williamson, Simon Jolly, J. T. Moody, P. I. Morales Guzmán, H. Panuganti, Michele Bergamaschi, V. N. Fedosseev, M. A. Baistrukov, M. Krupa, A. A. Gorn, Eugenio Senes, Alan Howling, M. Hüther, Erik Adli, Robert Apsimon, G. Demeter, Oliver Schmitz, Luis O. Silva, Alexander Pukhov, John P. Farmer, A. Helm, S. Rey, Jorge Vieira, Sung Youb Kim, V. A. Verzilov, Ivo Furno, Benjamin Woolley, B. Buttenschön, Patric Muggli, Linbo Liang, S. Liu, Florian Kraus, R. Jacquier, Olaf Grulke, Ans Pardons, J. Pucek, Philip Burrows, I. Yu. Kargapolov, M. Moreira, F. Friebel, B. Ráczkevi, T. Lefevre, F. Batsch, Allen Caldwell, H. Damerau, R. Agnello, S. Doebert, Stefano Mazzoni, I. Gorgisyan, M. Martyanov, Guoxing Xia, L. Verra, L. H. Deubner, Peter Sherwood, F. Peña Asmus, D. Medina Godoy, M. Granetzny, Rebecca Ramjiawan, Anthony Hartin, A. Perera, Brennan Goddard, F. Keeble, M. D. Kelisani, James Henderson, Ambrogio Fasoli, A.-M. Bachmann, Spencer Gessner, V. Hafych, Eric Chevallay, N. Lopes, Ralph Fiorito, V. A. Minakov, H. Saberi, D. A. Cooke, M. Zepp, Konstantin Lotov, P. Blanchard, Yang Li, Moses Chung, J. Wolfenden, Matthew Wing, Eduardo Granados, M. Á. Kedves, O. Apsimon, Alexey Petrenko, Hartmut Ruhl, P. V. Tuev, J. Chappell, G. P. Djotyan, C. Davut, Amos Dexter, Edda Gschwendtner, Y. Andrebe, Francesco Velotti, M. Turner, G. Zevi della Porta, Carsten Welsch, and Ricardo Fonseca

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Proton, Other Fields of Physics, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), Electron, Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas [Domínio/Área Científica], 01 natural sciences, Nuclear physics, Physics::Plasma Physics, physics.plasm-ph, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, physics.acc-ph, awake, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Final energy, Surfaces and Interfaces, Plasma, Radius, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Physics - Plasma Physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Transverse plane, Amplitude, beam, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract

We study experimentally the longitudinal and transverse wakefields driven by a highly relativistic proton bunch during self-modulation in plasma. We show that the wakefields' growth and amplitude increase with increasing seed amplitude as well as with the proton bunch charge in the plasma. We study transverse wakefields using the maximum radius of the proton bunch distribution measured on a screen downstream from the plasma. We study longitudinal wakefields by externally injecting electrons and measuring their final energy. Measurements agree with trends predicted by theory and numerical simulations and validate our understanding of the development of self-modulation. Experiments were performed in the context of the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE)., 4 figures

Published
2020
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13. Deceased Donors With HIV in the Era of the HOPE Act: Referrals and Procurement

Author

Tao Liang, MSPH, Jordan H. Salas, BS, MCR, Mary G. Bowring, MPH, Oyinkan Kusemiju, MPH, Brittany Barnaba, MS, Matthew Wingler, CPTC, Deborah McRann, MBA, Alghidak Salama, MD, MPA, R. Patrick Wood, MD, Allan Massie, PhD, William Werbel, MD, PhD, Aaron A. R. Tobian, MD, PhD, Dorry L. Segev, MD, PhD, and Christine M. Durand, MD

Subjects
Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract

Background. The HIV Organ Policy Equity Act legalizes organ procurement from donors with HIV (HIV D+). A prior survey of Organ Procurement Organizations (OPOs) estimated >2000 HIV D+ referrals/year; however, only 30–35 HIV D+/year have had organs procured. Given this gap, we sought to understand HIV D+ referrals and procurements in practice. Methods. We prospectively collected data on all OPO-reported HIV D+ referrals, including reasons for nonprocurement. We evaluated trends and compared HIV D+ characteristics by procurement status using regression, chi-squared tests, and Wilcoxon rank-sum tests. Results. From December 23, 2015 to May 31, 2021, there were 710 HIV D+ referrals from 49 OPOs, of which 171 (24%) had organs procured. HIV D+ referrals increased from 7 to 15 per month (P

Published
2024
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15. Brilliant X-rays using a Two-Stage Plasma Insertion Device

Author

Alexander Thomas, Peter Norreys, J. Nydell, R. M. G. M. Trines, Riccardo Bartolini, Matthew Wing, R. Walker, J. Holloway, and Robert Bingham

Subjects
Brightness, Computer science, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Science, Photon energy, 01 natural sciences, Article, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, QC, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, X-ray, Particle accelerator, Plasma, Insertion device, Cathode ray, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Medicine, business, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Particle accelerators have made an enormous impact in all fields of natural sciences, from elementary particle physics, to the imaging of proteins and the development of new pharmaceuticals. Modern light sources have advanced many fields by providing extraordinarily bright, short X-ray pulses. Here we present a novel numerical study, demonstrating that existing third generation light sources can significantly enhance the brightness and photon energy of their X-ray pulses by undulating their beams within plasma wakefields. This study shows that a three order of magnitude increase in X-ray brightness and over an order of magnitude increase in X-ray photon energy is achieved by passing a 3 GeV electron beam through a two-stage plasma insertion device. The production mechanism micro-bunches the electron beam and ensures the pulses are radially polarised on creation. We also demonstrate that the micro-bunched electron beam is itself an effective wakefield driver that can potentially accelerate a witness electron beam up to 6 GeV.

Published
2017

16. Correction to 'Proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration in AWAKE'

Author

Brennan Goddard, S. Doebert, Spencer Gessner, Anthony Hartin, John Molendijk, Patrick Muggli, M. Krupa, Erik Adli, Graeme Burt, S. Rey, F. Friebel, James Henderson, B. Williamson, Ans Pardons, Eric Chevallay, M. Hüther, V. A. Minakov, John P. Farmer, Konstantin Lotov, Moses Chung, F. Batsch, Olaf Grulke, A. P. Sosedkin, L. Garolfi, Carsten Welsch, Chiara Bracco, V. A. Verzilov, Florian Kraus, Stefano Mazzoni, P. V. Tuev, Allen Caldwell, M. Turner, J. Chappell, S. Liu, M. Moreira, R. Apsimon, Ricardo Fonseca, V. N. Fedosseev, M. D. Kelisani, A. A. Gorn, Alexander Pukhov, Matthew Wing, Eduardo Granados, F. Keeble, H. Damerau, Sung Youb Kim, B. Buttenschön, Peter Sherwood, S. Burger, O. Apsimon, F. Peña Asmus, L. Verra, Simon Jolly, A. Perera, Arun Ahuja, H. Panuganti, Guoxing Xia, M. Wendt, A.-M. Bachmann, B. Woolley, A. Helm, Jorge Vieira, F. Braunmüller, Yang Li, Thibaut Lefèvre, Alexey Petrenko, J. T. Moody, I. Gorgisyan, L. H. Deubner, Ralph Fiorito, Nelson Lopes, M. Ibison, Amos Dexter, Edda Gschwendtner, Francesco Velotti, L. O. Silva, M. Martyanov, and David R. Cooke

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear physics, Proton, Physics::Plasma Physics, General Mathematics, General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Articles, Plasma acceleration, Corrections
Abstract

In this article, we briefly summarize the experiments performed during the first run of the Advanced Wakefield Experiment, AWAKE, at CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research). The final goal of AWAKE Run 1 (2013-2018) was to demonstrate that 10-20 MeV electrons can be accelerated to GeV energies in a plasma wakefield driven by a highly relativistic self-modulated proton bunch. We describe the experiment, outline the measurement concept and present first results. Last, we outline our plans for the future. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration'.

Published
2019

17. Two-particle azimuthal correlations as a probe of collective behaviour in deep inelastic $\textit{ep}$ scattering at HERA

Author

A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, B. B. Levchenko, Yu. A. Golubkov, E. Paul, R. Brugnera, N. Z. Jomhari, Ilya Selyuzhenkov, Oleg Kuprash, J. Sztuk-Dambietz, O. Turkot, S. Masciocchi, Bernd Surrow, G. Grzelak, Ada Solano, Thomas Schörner-Sadenius, Olaf Behnke, I. Pidhurskyi, Uta Klein, Yuji Yamazaki, M. Ruspa, I. Makarenko, Claire Gwenlan, Ulf Behrens, H. Kowalski, I. O. Skillicorn, O. Yu. Lukina, M. Shchedrolosiev, I. Abt, D. Gangadharan, Wojciech Slominski, Robert Ciesielski, A. Longhin, Mariusz Przybycien, P. Stopa, M. Corradi, J. D. Nam, J. Onderwaater, Nataliia Kovalchuk, R. Aggarwal, S. Kananov, Katsuo Tokushuku, L. M. Shcheglova, Stefan Floerchinger, Elisabetta Gallo, Yu. Onishchuk, A. Garfagnini, B. Löhr, V. Aushev, O. Zenaiev, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki, Janusz Chwastowski, L. Stanco, A. Bertolin, Achim Geiser, S. Yamada, K. Wichmann, A. Bruni, I. Kadenko, A. Quintero, N. H. Brook, L. Zawiejski, M. Turcato, Kunihiro Nagano, D. Hochman, U. Schneekloth, Enrico Tassi, P. J. Bussey, W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, B. Foster, S. Dusini, Ingo Bloch, P. Kaur, M. Kuze, E. Lohrmann, N. Stefaniuk, I. A. Korzhavina, Leszek Adamczyk, J. Ciborowski, U. Karshon, J. Malka, J. Ferrando, A. Polini, L. K. Gladilin, R. K. Dementiev, Allen Caldwell, Matthew Wing, T. Tymieniecka, Marcella Capua, Andrii Verbytskyi, Aharon Levy, Ian Brock, D. H. Saxon, C. D. Catterall, and Robert Klanner

Subjects
Nuclear Theory, Hadron, 01 natural sciences, deep inelastic scattering [model], model: deep inelastic scattering, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), multiplicity, Nuclear Experiment (nucl-ex), Nuclear Experiment, Monte Carlo, Brookhaven RHIC Coll, Physics, angular correlation: two-particle, HERA, Particle correlations and fluctuations, Charged particle, DESY HERA Stor, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, charged particle: correlation, CERN LHC Coll, Pseudorapidity, correlation: two-particle, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, neutral current, Lepton-Nucleon Scattering (experiments), collective, FOS: Physical sciences, Quark gluon plasma, transverse momentum, HERA, ZEUS, Collective flow, Nuclear Theory (nucl-th), Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, Collective flow, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, hadron hadron: interaction, two-particle [correlation], interaction [hadron hadron], two-particle [angular correlation], ZEUS (particle detector), Neutral current, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, scattering, ZEUS, Deep inelastic scattering, rapidity, correlation [charged particle], lcsh:QC770-798, High Energy Physics::Experiment
Abstract

Journal of high energy physics 2004(4), 70 (2020). doi:10.1007/JHEP04(2020)070, Two-particle azimuthal correlations have been measured in neutral current deep inelastic ep scattering with virtuality Q$^{2}$> 5 GeV$^{2}$ at a centre-of-mass energy $ \sqrt{s} $ = 318 GeV recorded with the ZEUS detector at HERA. The correlations of charged particles have been measured in the range of laboratory pseudorapidity −1.5 < η < 2.0 and transverse momentum 0.1 < p$_{T}$< 5.0 GeV and event multiplicities N$_{ch}$ up to six times larger than the average 〈N$_{ch}$〉 ≈ 5. The two-particle correlations have been measured in terms of the angular observables c$_{n{2}}$ = 〈〈cosnΔφ〉〉, where n is between 1 and 4 and ∆φ is the relative azimuthal angle between the two particles. Comparisons with available models of deep inelastic scattering, which are tuned to reproduce inclusive particle production, suggest that the measured two-particle correlations are dominated by contributions from multijet production. The correlations observed here do not indicate the kind of collective behaviour recently observed at the highest RHIC and LHC energies in high-multiplicity hadronic collisions., Published by SISSA, [Trieste]

Published
2019
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18. Charm production in charged current deep inelastic scattering at HERA

Author

Olaf Behnke, N. Z. Jomhari, Bernd Surrow, C. D. Catterall, Achim Geiser, Marcella Capua, Ada Solano, O. Shkola, B. B. Levchenko, G. Grzelak, W. Słomiński, Ulf Behrens, H. Kowalski, Claire Gwenlan, B. Löhr, A. Longhin, R. Brugnera, P. Stopa, Leszek Adamczyk, J. Onderwaater, Luca Stanco, S. Kananov, S. Yamada, M. Kuze, Thomas Schörner-Sadenius, E. Lohrmann, Andrii Verbytskyi, Marta Ruspa, Katsuo Tokushuku, Robert Ciesielski, Elisabetta Gallo, Yu. Onishchuk, M. Shchedrolosiev, Mariusz Przybycien, M. Corradi, Ian Brock, W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, O. Zenaiev, Matthew Wing, Uta Klein, Janusz Chwastowski, I. Pidhurskyi, D. H. Saxon, A. Quintero, A. Bruni, I. Abt, D. Gangadharan, L. M. Shcheglova, Ilya Selyuzhenkov, Oleg Kuprash, S. Masciocchi, Enrico Tassi, I. Makarenko, O. Yu. Lukina, Nataliia Kovalchuk, B. Foster, J. Ferrando, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki, S. Dusini, Ingo Bloch, N. Stefaniuk, Aharon Levy, N. H. Brook, L. K. Gladilin, R. K. Dementiev, J. D. Nam, I. O. Skillicorn, U. Karshon, Yuji Yamazaki, U. Schneekloth, Allen Caldwell, D. Hochman, P. J. Bussey, T. Tymieniecka, Robert Klanner, I. Kadenko, V. Aushev, K. Wichmann, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, I. A. Korzhavina, Yu. A. Golubkov, E. Paul, R. Aggarwal, A. Garfagnini, J. Sztuk-Dambietz, O. Turkot, A. Bertolin, L. Zawiejski, M. Turcato, Kunihiro Nagano, P. Kaur, J. Ciborowski, J. Malka, and A. Polini

Subjects
data analysis method, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, HERA, ZEUS, Electroweak interaction, Heavy quark production, Lepton-Nucleon Scattering (experiments), QCD, HERA, heavy quark production, FOS: Physical sciences, phase space [kinematics], measured [cross section], 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, charged current, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), statistical analysis, deep inelastic scattering, 0103 physical sciences, Electroweak interaction, ddc:530, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, deep inelastic scattering [positron p], Charm (quantum number), 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Monte Carlo, lepton-nucleon scattering (experiments), Charged current, Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), ZEUS (particle detector), electroweak interaction, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, scattering, ZEUS, Deep inelastic scattering, production [charm], DESY HERA Stor, deep inelastic scattering [electron p], lcsh:QC770-798, High Energy Physics::Experiment, statistical, experimental results
Abstract

Charm production in charged current deep inelastic scattering has been measured for the first time in e ± p collisions, using data collected with the ZEUS detector at HERA, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 358 pb−1. Results are presented separately for e + p and e − p scattering at a centre-of-mass energy of $$ \sqrt{s} $$ s = 318 GeV within a kinematic phase-space region of 200 GeV2 < Q 2 < 60000 GeV2 and y < 0.9, where Q 2 is the squared four-momentum transfer and y is the inelasticity. The measured cross sections of electroweak charm production are consistent with expectations from the Standard Model within the large statistical uncertainties.

Published
2019
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19. Measurement and application of electron stripping of ultrarelativistic 208Pb81+

Author

I. Gorgisyan, R. Alemany Fernandez, James Chappell, J. Bauche, Verena Kain, David Cooke, Stefano Mazzoni, Michele Cascella, Matthew Wing, Simon Jolly, M. W. Krasny, Edda Gschwendtner, P. La Penna, Marco Quattri, Alexey Petrenko, and F. Keeble

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Electron spectrometer, Large Hadron Collider, Ion beam, Silicon, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, chemistry.chemical_element, Electron, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Stripping (fiber), 010305 fluids & plasmas, Computational physics, Ion, chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Cathode ray, Physics::Accelerator Physics, 010306 general physics, Instrumentation
Abstract

An electron beam derived from stripping of ultrarelativistic lead ions has been used to perform calibration measurements on the electron spectrometer of the Advanced Wakefield experiment at CERN. As part of this study, new measurements of the stripping cross-section for ultrarelativistic hydrogen-like lead ions passing through aluminium and silicon have been obtained which demonstrate good agreement with existing measurements and theory. Improvements in terms of electron beam quality and ion beam diagnostic capability, as well as further applications of such an electron beam, are discussed.

Published
2021
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20. International collaboration and connections through design thinking: A case study of the Global Classroom for Democracy Innovation (GCDI)

Author

Matthew Wingfield, Jesi Carson, Mukisa Mujulizi, Bettina Von Lieres, Marco Adamovic, Laurence Piper, and Wilma Lundqvist Westin

Subjects
ISSOTL, SOTL, Design Thinking, Decolonisation, Education, History of scholarship and learning. The humanities, AZ20-999
Abstract

This paper is based on the collaborative development of the Global Classroom for Democracy Innovation (GCDI), and its month-long virtual pilot workshop, the 'Climate Change Design Jam’. The GCDI is an integrated learning partnership between three international universities located in Canada, South Africa, and Sweden, and civil society partners the Vancouver Design Nerds (VDN). Each partner brought unique skills to the GCDI, as new processes and methods for virtual, global student engagement and dialogue were co-designed. The GCDI hosted the Climate Change Design Jam over four consecutive weeks in March 2022. By employing a design thinking methodology, it facilitated online student project development around the interconnected and broad topics of climate change and democracy. Students and student facilitators were guided through the process of design thinking to develop grounded projects that address climate change issues locally and internationally. This paper argues that fundamental principles of fostering genuine connections (both 'online' and 'offline') between students can act as a useful foundation from which project development can be based. Further, this paper illustrates that when faced with 'wicked problems’ such as climate change and challenges to democracy worldwide design thinking methods and collaborative approaches can act as a catalyst for action (Manzini, 2015). Exploring political theory, democracy, and civic agency through dialogue and co-design provides students with innovative approaches to research, critical thinking, and activism. This pilot series provides insight into student engagement across international contexts, and thus the development of cross-cultural and collective intelligence which can be formative for similar projects in the future (Behari-Leak, 2020).

Published
2024
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21. Hydropolitical potentialities in a post-'Day Zero' Cape Town: 'Sensemaking' and the Cape Flats Aquifer

Author

Matthew Wingfield

Subjects
Water, Day Zero, sensemaking, crisis, environmental justice, hydropolitics, Environmental sciences, GE1-350, Political science
Abstract

In the context of the climate crisis, water as a natural resource is under threat globally, and the Global South is of critical interest for political ecological studies. This article argues that environmental crises such as the "Day Zero" drought in 2018 in Cape Town (South Africa) can create possibilities for reformulating the deeply unequal hydropolitics stemming from colonial and apartheid regimes. The drought has enabled the politicisation of underground water, examined through an ethnographic study of a small-scale farming organisation in the Philippi Horticultural Area (PHA) of Cape Town. While tracking ways to secure the protection of natural resources such as aquifers in urban areas, the article further considers how such forms of activism around underground water have sought to "make the invisible, visible," thereby developing more inclusive forms of sensemaking. By providing an analysis of activism taking place during and after a period of acute water scarcity, it contributes to scholarship on emergent political ecological mobilisation in the climate crisis in the Global South.

Published
2024
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22. AWAKE, The Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment at CERN

Author

Allen Caldwell, E. Öz, Zulfikar Najmudin, Peter Sherwood, Konstantin Lotov, Heiko Damerau, Andrei Seryi, L. Soby, J. Holloway, Chiara Bracco, L. O. Silva, A. Butterworth, Gennady Plyushchev, Ligia Diana Amorim, M. Turner, C. Hessler, V. N. Fedosseev, F. Keeble, M. Martyanov, F. Friebel, John-Bjarne Hansen, Roberto Martorelli, V. K. Berglyd Olsen, Matthew Wing, T. Bohl, Graeme Burt, Michele Cascella, E. Feldbaumer, V. A. Verzilov, L. Deacon, S. Mandry, P. Dirksen, O. Mete, Patric Muggli, Y. Wei, K. Rieger, S. Doebert, Zheng-Ming Sheng, Erik Adli, B. Biskup, S. Liu, M. Bernardini, M. Hüther, James Mitchell, Raoul Trines, Muhammad Kasim, Ulrich Dorda, F. Salveter, P. V. Tuev, L. Jensen, Olaf Grulke, Robert Apsimon, R. Fiorito, Edda Gschwendtner, Nelson Lopes, S. Jolly, K. Pepitone, Carsten Welsch, Dino A. Jaroszynski, R. I. Spitsyn, Ricardo Fonseca, N. Savard, Hao Zhang, A. A. Gorn, John P. Farmer, B. Buttenschön, Ans Pardons, F. Batsch, Alexander Pukhov, A. P. Sosedkin, H. Vincke, A.-M. Bachmann, Guoxing Xia, E. Shaposhnikova, Robert Bingham, R.W. Assmann, Eric Chevallay, V. A. Minakov, Atefeh Joulaei, Wolfgang Höfle, Stefano Mazzoni, Hartmut Ruhl, Janet Schmidt, Silvia Cipiccia, Philip Burrows, Yang Li, Peter Norreys, Alexey Petrenko, J. T. Moody, J. Bauche, and Jorge Vieira

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, CERN Lab, Proton, wake field [plasma], Proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, wake field [acceleration], 01 natural sciences, Linear particle accelerator, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear physics, CNGS, Acceleration, Physics::Plasma Physics, low [energy], 0103 physical sciences, AWAKE, Linear accelerators, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Instrumentation, QC, Modulation of long plasmas [13.4], acceleration [electron], Physics, Large Hadron Collider, Plasma, stability, CERN SPS, Plasma acceleration, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Electron acceleration, Novel Acceleration Techniques (ANAC2) [13], Physics - Plasma Physics, beam [p], beam loading, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), modulation, Bunches, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, proposed experiment, Plasma wakefield, beam [laser], EuCARD2
Abstract

The Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment (AWAKE) aims at studying plasma wakefield generation and electron acceleration driven by proton bunches. It is a proof-of-principle R&D experiment at CERN and the world's first proton driven plasma wakefield acceleration experiment. The AWAKE experiment will be installed in the former CNGS facility and uses the 400 GeV/c proton beam bunches from the SPS. The first experiments will focus on the self-modulation instability of the long (rms ~12 cm) proton bunch in the plasma. These experiments are planned for the end of 2016. Later, in 2017/2018, low energy (~15 MeV) electrons will be externally injected to sample the wakefields and be accelerated beyond 1 GeV. The main goals of the experiment will be summarized. A summary of the AWAKE design and construction status will be presented., 7 pages, 7 figures, 2 tables

Published
2016
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23. Measurement of the cross-section ratio σ ψ(2S) / σ J/ψ(1S) in deep inelastic exclusive ep scattering at HERA

Author

Matthew Wing, P. Roloff, N. Kovalchuk, B. B. Levchenko, F. Corriveau, G. Grzelak, E.G. Boos, I.O. Skillicorn, Takuya Nobe, I. Abt, A. Kotański, T. Tsurugai, W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, F. Januschek, I. Kadenko, R. Brugnera, Sebastian Mergelmeyer, Marco Schioppa, Yu.O. Shyrma, Kerstin Borras, Achim Geiser, Ie. Korol, E. Lobodzinska, N. Z. Jomhari, A. Garfagnini, Marcella Capua, L. M. Shcheglova, W. Hain, Leszek Adamczyk, R. Ciesielski, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, I. A. Korzhavina, Andrii Gizhko, Ada Solano, U. Karshon, S. Antonelli, Yu. Onishchuk, O. Yu. Lukina, Ganna Dolinska, Thomas Schörner-Sadenius, Y. Yamazaki, Yu. A. Golubkov, D. Szuba, N.S. Pokrovskiy, L. Stanco, S. Limentani, R. Shevchenko, A. Longhin, E. Paul, D.H. Saxon, O. Kononenko, Katsuo Tokushuku, A. Bruni, M. Turcato, I. Singh, E. Lohrmann, F. Mohamad Idris, K. Nagano, O. Turkot, P. Stopa, Janusz Chwastowski, R. Klanner, Enrico Tassi, U. Klein, V. Aushev, O. Zenaiev, B. Foster, S. Dusini, K. Wichmann, M. Adamus, W. Słomiński, Ulf Behrens, H. Kowalski, J. Grebenyuk, D. Lontkovskyi, I. Gregor, Mariusz Przybycien, M. Corradi, O. Viazlo, I. Makarenko, Allen Caldwell, L. K. Gladilin, R. K. Dementiev, Y. Iga, N. Kondrashova, Zainol Abidin Ibrahim, A. Bertolin, R.C.E. Devenish, T. Tymieniecka, S. Kananov, U. Kötz, L. Zawiejski, B. Löhr, V. Myronenko, R. J. Nowak, W. Perlanski, P. Kaur, B.O. Zhautykov, Masaki Ishitsuka, J. Tomaszewska, O. Kuprash, Jan Figiel, J. Ciborowski, N. Stefaniuk, A. Iudin, Manjit Kaur, N. Mohammad Nasir, M. Lisovyi, J. Malka, Roman Walczak, Halina Abramowicz, I. Rubinsky, Ingo Bloch, A. Trofymov, D. Notz, D.S. Zotkin, C. D. Catterall, O. Shkola, N. Zhmak, Gy. Wolf, B. Krupa, J. Szuba, S. Yamada, Marcin Pawel Guzik, U. Schneekloth, M. Kuze, Grzegorz Gach, Olaf Behnke, Vladyslav Libov, J. Sztuk-Dambietz, Ian Brock, D. Hochman, R. Hori, Y. Aushev, E. Gallo, Danuta Kisielewska, N. Zakharchuk, Orel Gueta, Andrii Verbytskyi, Marta Ruspa, Aharon Levy, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki, N. H. Brook, Peter Bussey, A. Stern, and W. B. Schmidke

Subjects
exclusive reaction, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Photon, Proton, HERA, FOS: Physical sciences, HERA, ZEUS, Deep inelastic scattering, Psi meson production, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, decay modes, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), deep inelastic scattering, quantum chromodynamics, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, ddc:530, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Physics, ZEUS (particle detector), Luminosity (scattering theory), production [vector meson], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, electroproduction [psi(3685)], photon, ZEUS, scattering [electron p], Deep inelastic scattering, electroproduction [J/psi(3100)], DESY HERA Stor, Psi meson production, kinematics, Vertex (curve), lcsh:QC770-798, High Energy Physics::Experiment, ratio [cross section], experimental results
Abstract

The exclusive deep inelastic electroproduction of $\psi(2S)$ and $J/\psi(1S)$ at an $ep$ centre-of-mass energy of 317 GeV has been studied with the ZEUS detector at HERA in the kinematic range $2 < Q^2 < 80$ GeV$^2$, $30 < W < 210$ GeV and $|t| < 1$ GeV$^2$, where $Q^2$ is the photon virtuality, $W$ is the photon-proton centre-of-mass energy and $t$ is the squared four-momentum transfer at the proton vertex. The data for $2 < Q^2 < 5$ GeV$^2$ were taken in the HERA I running period and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 114 pb$^{-1}$. The data for $5 < Q^2 < 80$ GeV$^2$ are from both HERA I and HERA II periods and correspond to an integrated luminosity of 468 pb$^{-1}$. The decay modes analysed were $\mu^+\mu^-$ and $J/\psi(1S) \,\pi^+\pi^-$ for the $\psi(2S)$ and $\mu^+\mu^-$ for the $J/\psi(1S)$. The cross-section ratio $\sigma_{\psi(2S)}/\sigma_{J/\psi(1S)}$ has been measured as a function of $Q^2, W$ and $t$. The results are compared to predictions of QCD-inspired models of exclusive vector-meson production., Comment: 24 pages, 8 figures

Published
2016
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24. Search for a narrow baryonic state decaying to pKS0 and p‾KS0 in deep inelastic scattering at HERA

Author

E. Lobodzinska, Danuta Kisielewska, Marco Schioppa, Thomas Schörner-Sadenius, Y. Yamazaki, R.C.E. Devenish, E. Lohrmann, I.O. Skillicorn, N. Zakharchuk, F. Mohamad Idris, R. Klanner, N. Stefaniuk, P. Stopa, M. Kuze, R. Hori, W. Słomiński, N. Kovalchuk, Olaf Behnke, Ulf Behrens, H. Kowalski, E. Gallo, Grzegorz Gach, B. B. Levchenko, O. Zenaiev, A. Garfagnini, Katsuo Tokushuku, R. Brugnera, Anna Mastroberardino, E.G. Boos, Janusz Chwastowski, Yu.O. Shyrma, D. Lontkovskyi, M. Ruspa, Andrii Verbytskyi, I. Kadenko, Takuya Nobe, R. Ciesielski, Yu. Onishchuk, N. Z. Jomhari, Ian Brock, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, B. Löhr, Marcin Pawel Guzik, U. Schneekloth, D.H. Saxon, G. Grzelak, N.S. Pokrovskiy, Matthew Wing, Yu. A. Golubkov, E. Paul, Ada Solano, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki, P. Roloff, M. Turcato, Allen Caldwell, I. A. Korzhavina, L. M. Shcheglova, S. Limentani, Claire Gwenlan, U. Klein, I. Makarenko, C.D. Catterall, Andrii Gizhko, Zainol Abidin Ibrahim, Achim Geiser, Aharon Levy, I. Singh, Y. Iga, S. Yamada, L. Stanco, N. H. Brook, F. Januschek, O. Kuprash, S. Antonelli, U. Karshon, K. Nagano, Peter Bussey, M. Lisovyi, W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, T. Tymieniecka, U. Kötz, V. Myronenko, T. Tsurugai, A. Kotański, R. J. Nowak, J. Sztuk-Dambietz, A. Stern, O. Hlushchenko, S. Kananov, A. Bruni, I. Abt, V. Aushev, W. Perlanski, K. Wichmann, M. Adamus, Enrico Tassi, B. Krupa, J. Tomaszewska, W. Hain, D. Hochman, Leszek Adamczyk, J. Ciborowski, O. Yu. Lukina, R. Shevchenko, A. Longhin, J. Malka, A. Polini, Halina Abramowicz, A. Bertolin, L. Zawiejski, P. Kaur, Masaki Ishitsuka, O. Turkot, S. Bhadra, D.S. Zotkin, B.O. Zhautykov, O. Shkola, Marcella Capua, N. Mohammad Nasir, Ingo Bloch, Mariusz Przybycien, M. Corradi, B. Foster, S. Dusini, L. K. Gladilin, and R. K. Dementiev

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Range (particle radiation), Luminosity (scattering theory), ZEUS (particle detector), Photon, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, HERA, Deep inelastic scattering, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Resonance (particle physics), Baryon, Nuclear physics, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

A search for a narrow baryonic state in the p K S 0 and p ‾ K S 0 system has been performed in ep collisions at HERA with the ZEUS detector using an integrated luminosity of 358 pb − 1 taken in 2003–2007. The search was performed with deep inelastic scattering events at an ep centre-of-mass energy of 318 GeV for exchanged photon virtuality, Q 2 , between 20 and 100 GeV 2 . Contrary to evidence presented for such a state around 1.52 GeV in a previous ZEUS analysis using a sample of 121 pb − 1 taken in 1996–2000, no resonance peak was found in the p ( p ‾ ) K S 0 invariant-mass distribution in the range 1.45–1.7 GeV. Upper limits on the production cross section are set.

Published
2016
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25. A compact electron injector for the EIC based on plasma wakefields driven by the RHIC-EIC proton beam

Author

Matthew Wing, James Chappell, and Allen Caldwell

Subjects
Physics, Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Electron density, Proton, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, Plasma, Plasma acceleration, Physics - Plasma Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment, law.invention, Nuclear physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), law, Physics::Plasma Physics, Electric field, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Collider, Beam (structure)
Abstract

Initial simulations investigating using the RHIC-EIC proton beam as the drive beam in a plasma wakefield acceleration experiment are presented. The proton beam enters the plasma and undergoes self-modulation, forming a series of microbunches. These microbunches resonantly drive electron density perturbations within the plasma, exciting a longitudinal electric field with accelerating gradients in excess of $\mathrm{GVm^{-1}}$. Injecting electrons into the resulting wakefield offers an efficient method for accelerating electron bunches for use in the proposed EIC collider., Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures, submitted as proceedings for the XXVII International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Subjects (DIS2019)

Published
2019
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26. Experimental observation of plasma wakefield growth driven by the seeded self-modulation of a proton bunch

Author

M. Martyanov, H. Vincke, John Molendijk, A. Perera, L. Garolfi, R. Fiorito, R. Mompo, Luis O. Silva, David R. Cooke, E. Ozturk, J. T. Moody, Erik Adli, J. Batkiewicz, S. Bustamante, A. Guerrero, J. Bauche, L. Soby, Diego Barrientos, S. Rey, Amos Dexter, G. LeGodec, Michele Cascella, Moses Chung, Edda Gschwendtner, E. Öz, Florian Kraus, K. Rieger, Jorge Vieira, Janet Schmidt, K. Pepitone, D. Medina Godoy, M. Moreira, Chiara Bracco, Alexander Pukhov, Andrea Boccardi, Nelson Lopes, F. Braunmüller, Allen Caldwell, Yang Li, Thierry Bogey, A. Helm, Francesco Velotti, Ans Pardons, T. Lefevre, S. Doebert, B. Biskup, F. Keeble, Benjamin Woolley, Gennady Plyushchev, C. Hessler, Peter Sherwood, F. Peña Asmus, H. Damerau, F. Friebel, V. A. Verzilov, L. Deacon, T. Bohl, Alexey Petrenko, F. Batsch, Konstantin Lotov, M. Hüther, Spencer Gessner, A.-M. Bachmann, S. Liu, M. Bernardini, A. P. Sosedkin, Olaf Grulke, M. Ibison, V. N. Fedosseev, L. Jensen, G. Fior, V. K. Berglyd Olsen, C. Pasquino, L. Verra, Robert Apsimon, P. V. Tuev, R. Speroni, J. Chappell, L. Maricalva Brun, J. R. Henderson, J. D. Hansen, I. Gorgisyan, L. H. Deubner, A. A. Gorn, John P. Farmer, S. Burger, Sung Youb Kim, B. Buttenschön, B. Williamson, M. Barros Marin, Matthew Wing, Eduardo Granados, O. Apsimon, Wolfgang Höfle, Eric Chevallay, V. A. Minakov, Graeme Burt, Hartmut Ruhl, E. Shaposhnikova, Patric Muggli, Simon Jolly, Stefano Mazzoni, C. Mutin, I. A. Shalimova, M. Turner, Arun Ahuja, Guoxing Xia, Sam Pitman, Carsten Welsch, R. I. Spitsyn, Ricardo Fonseca, and James Mitchell

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Proton, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Electron, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas [Domínio/Área Científica], Acceleration, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, physics.acc-ph, awake, Physics, electrons, acceleration, Plasma, Accelerators and Storage Rings, ddc, instability, Transverse plane, Amplitude, beam, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Seeding, Atomic physics, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

We measure the effects of transverse wakefields driven by a relativistic proton bunch in plasma with densities of 2.1×1014 and 7.7×1014 electrons/cm3. We show that these wakefields periodically defocus the proton bunch itself, consistently with the development of the seeded self-modulation process. We show that the defocusing increases both along the bunch and along the plasma by using time resolved and time-integrated measurements of the proton bunch transverse distribution. We evaluate the transverse wakefield amplitudes and show that they exceed their seed value (

Published
2019
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27. FLASHForward: Plasma-wakefield accelerator science for high-average-power applications

Author

Lucas Schaper, Bernhard Schmidt, Timon Mehrling, F. Marutzky, M. Meisel, Martin Quast, Alexander Knetsch, Ming Zeng, P. Kuang, Lars Goldberg, Matthew Wing, J.-H. Röckemann, Vladyslav Libov, S. Diederichs, B. Foster, S. Schröder, Gabriele Tauscher, B. Sheeran, Jens Osterhoff, M. J. Garland, S. Karstensen, J. Chappell, S. Bohlen, Paul Winkler, A. Aschikhin, P. Pourmoussavi, R. D'Arcy, P. Gonzalez, Kristjan Poder, Gregory J. Boyle, K. Ludwig, S. Wesch, A. Martinez de la Ossa, T. Brümmer, Jan-Patrick Schwinkendorf, and P. Niknejadi

Subjects
Physics, Orders of magnitude (power), Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), RF front end, General Mathematics, Nuclear engineering, General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Plasma, Electron, Articles, Plasma acceleration, Laser, Linear particle accelerator, Physics - Plasma Physics, law.invention, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Flash (photography), law, Physics - Accelerator Physics, ddc:510
Abstract

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London / A Mathematical, physical and engineering sciences Series A 377(2151), 20180392 - (2019). doi:10.1098/rsta.2018.0392, The FLASHForward experimental facility is a high-performance test-bed for precision plasma wakefield research, aiming to accelerate high-quality electron beams to GeV-levels in a few centimetres of ionized gas. The plasma is created by ionizing gas in a gas cell either by a high-voltage discharge or a high-intensity laser pulse. The electrons to be accelerated will either be injected internally from the plasma background or externally from the FLASH superconducting RF front end. In both cases, the wakefield will be driven by electron beams provided by the FLASH gun and linac modules operating with a 10 Hz macro-pulse structure, generating 1.25 GeV, 1 nC electron bunches at up to 3 MHz micro-pulse repetition rates. At full capacity, this FLASH bunch-train structure corresponds to 30 kW of average power, orders of magnitude higher than drivers available to other state-of-the-art LWFA and PWFA experiments. This high-power functionality means FLASHForward is the only plasma wakefield facility in the world with the immediate capability to develop, explore and benchmark high-average-power plasma wakefield research essential for next-generation facilities. The operational parameters and technical highlights of the experiment are discussed, as well as the scientific goals and high-average-power outlook., Published by Soc., London

Published
2019
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28. EUDAQ2—A flexible data acquisition software framework for common test beams

Author

Mengqing Wu, J. Kvasnicka, Marcel Michael Stanitzki, Hendrik Jansen, Y. Liu, Matthew Wing, F. Sefkow, Elvira Rossi, Ingrid-Maria Gregor, K. Krueger, M.S. Amjad, P. Baesso, Jan Dreyling-Eschweiler, R. Peschke, R. Ete, Andre Rummler, David Cussans, L. Huth, A. Irles, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Data acquisition system for beam tests [5], Computer science, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, FOS: Physical sciences, 01 natural sciences, programming, High Energy Physics - Experiment, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), 0302 clinical medicine, Software, Data acquisition, 0103 physical sciences, calorimeter, [PHYS.HEXP]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Experiment [hep-ex], tracking detector, ddc:610, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, activity report, Flexibility (engineering), Data processing, hep-ex, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Event (computing), Tracking, Detector, Ranging, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Pixel detector, Upgrade, Data Acquisition, High Energy Physics::Experiment, upgrade, Test beam, business, Particle Physics - Experiment, Computer hardware
Abstract

Journal of Instrumentation 14(10), P10033 - P10033 (2019). doi:10.1088/1748-0221/14/10/P10033, The data acquisition software framework, EUDAQ, was originally developed to readout data from the EUDET-type pixel telescopes. This was successfully used in many test beamcampaigns in which an external position and time referencewere required. The software has recentlyundergone a significant upgrade, EUDAQ2, which is a generic, modern and modular system foruse by many different detector types, ranging from tracking detectors to calorimeters. EUDAQ2is suited as an overarching software that links individual detector readout systems and simplifiesthe integration of multiple detectors. The framework itself supports several triggering and eventbuilding modes. This flexibility makes test beams with multiple detectors significantly easier andmore efficient, as EUDAQ2 can adapt to the characteristics of each detector prototype during testing.The system has been thoroughly tested during multiple test beams involving different detectorprototypes. EUDAQ2 has now been released and is freely available under an open-source license., Published by Inst. of Physics, London

Published
2019
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30. Observation of laser power amplification in a self-injecting laser wakefield accelerator

Author

A. E. Dangor, Hirotaka Nakamura, J. Holloway, Zulfikar Najmudin, Stuart Mangles, Charlotte Palmer, Nelson Lopes, Stefan Kneip, P. P. Rajeev, M. J. V. Streeter, C. J. Hooker, Oleg Chekhlov, A. Döpp, J. Jiang, Peter Norreys, Joerg Schreiber, M. S. Bloom, Matthew Wing, R. A. Bendoyro, Dan Symes, The Royal Society, Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC), and Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC)

Subjects
General Physics, Physics, Multidisciplinary, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, 01 natural sciences, ELECTRON-BEAMS, 010305 fluids & plasmas, law.invention, Acceleration, Optics, law, 0103 physical sciences, Group delay dispersion, Laser power scaling, 010306 general physics, Physics, Science & Technology, 02 Physical Sciences, business.industry, Plasma acceleration, Laser, Physics - Plasma Physics, Power (physics), Pulse (physics), Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), INTENSE, Physical Sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, business
Abstract

We report on the depletion and power amplification of the driving laser pulse in a strongly-driven laser wakefield accelerator. Simultaneous measurement of the transmitted pulse energy and temporal shape indicate an increase in peak power from $187 \pm 11$ TW to a maximum of $318 \pm 12$ TW after 13 mm of propagation in plasma density of $0.9 \times 10^{18}$ cm$^{-3}$. The power amplification is correlated with the injection and acceleration of electrons in the nonlinear wakefield. This process is modeled by including localized redshift and subsequent group delay dispersion at the laser pulse front., 6 pages, 4 figures. Published in PRL

Published
2018
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31. Hadronic Energy Resolution of a Combined High Granularity Scintillator Calorimeter System

Author

Djamel Eddine Boumediene, T. Tubokawa, P. Buhmann, C. Neubüser, H. Videau, M. Rubio-Roy, E. Brianne, I. Sekiya, M. Danilov, F. Krivan, M. Götze, E. Calvo Alamillo, Kiyotomo Kawagoe, K. Francis, N. van der Kolk, T. Sakuma, H. Yamashiro, C. Graf, P. Göttlicher, A. Drutskoy, Alberto Ribon, S. Bilokin, Taikan Suehara, Shih-Fu Chang, Huong Lan Tran, Tamaki Yoshioka, V. Balagura, G. C. Blazey, M. Kovalcuk, J-C. Brient, D. H. Kim, K. Kotera, A. Provenza, Matthew Wing, M. Janata, V. Ivantchenko, B. Li, Lei Xia, O. Hartbrich, Frank Simon, M. Nishiyama, D. Yu, C. Zeitnitz, Gunter Folger, Roman Pöschl, J. J. Navarrete, John Apostolakis, Frédéric Magniette, Marina Chadeeva, M. Frotin, A. Verdugo, J. Nanni, M. Matysek, J. Smolik, M. Anduze, S. Schuwalow, H. Ch Schultz-Coulon, D. Lomidze, A. Kaplan, Y. D. Oh, K. Gadow, R. Cornat, E. Popova, Vladimir Rusinov, Graham Wilson, E. Tarkovsky, J. C. Marin, V. Zutshi, I. Polak, J. Zuklin, K. Kruger, J. Kvasnicka, M. Reinecke, V. Uzhinskiy, T. H. Tran, A.S. Dyshkant, S. Lu, D. Jeans, M. C. Fouz, J. Puerta Pelayo, V. Francais, Abdul Rauf Khan, S. Laurien, S. Uozumi, Vaclav Vrba, A. Elkhalii, K. Shpak, D. J. Kong, J. Bonis, Dirk Zerwas, O. Bach, J. Zálešák, S. Tozuka, E. Becheva, Y. Israeli, Erika Garutti, F. Richard, J. Cvach, E. Edy, A. Irles, F. Sefkow, Yuji Sudo, Jose Repond, L. Emberger, Vincent Boudry, M. Gabriel, H. Windel, Tohru Takeshita, M. Szalay, A. Ebrahimi, F. Gastaldi, A. Thiebault, Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont (LPC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire Leprince-Ringuet (LLR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3), CALICE, Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
Photomultiplier, data analysis method, energy resolution: momentum dependence, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Hadron, pi-: energy spectrum, FOS: Physical sciences, Scintillator, 01 natural sciences, programming, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, Nuclear physics, pi: irradiation, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, statistical analysis, calorimeter: hadronic, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:610, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-INS-DET]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Instrumentation and Detectors [physics.ins-det], Detectors and Experimental Techniques, Nuclear Experiment, physics.ins-det, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, scintillation counter, Physics, Muon, Calorimeter (particle physics), 010308 nuclear & particles physics, CALICE, showers: spatial distribution, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), calorimeter: electromagnetic, statistics, Scintillation counter, GEANT, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Granularity, muon: tracking detector, Energy (signal processing)
Abstract

This paper presents results obtained with the combined CALICE Scintillator Electromagnetic Calorimeter, Analogue Hadronic Calorimeter and Tail Catcher & Muon Tracker, three high granularity scintillator-SiPM calorimeter prototypes. The response of the system to pions with momenta between 4 GeV/c and 32 GeV/c is analysed, including the energy response, resolution, and longitudinal shower profiles. The results of a software compensation technique based on weighting according to hit energy are compared to those of a standard linear energy reconstruction. The results are compared to predictions of the GEANT4 physics lists QGSP_BERT_HP and FTFP_BERT_HP., 31 pages, 41 figures

Published
2018
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32. Particle physics experiments based on the AWAKE acceleration scheme

Author

Matthew Wing

Subjects
Computer Science::Machine Learning, Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), General Mathematics, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, Computer Science::Digital Libraries, law.invention, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, Statistics::Machine Learning, Acceleration, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), law, Collider, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, General Engineering, Articles, Plasma acceleration, Physics - Plasma Physics, Particle acceleration, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Computer Science::Mathematical Software, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Particle physics experiments, Beam (structure)
Abstract

New particle acceleration schemes open up exciting opportunities, potentially providing more compact or higher-energy accelerators. The AWAKE experiment at CERN is currently taking data to establish the method of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. A second phase aims to demonstrate that bunches of about $10^9$ electrons can be accelerated to high energy, preserving emittance and that the process is scalable with length. With this, an electron beam of $O$(50 GeV) could be available for new fixed-target or beam-dump experiments searching for the hidden sector, like dark photons. The rate of electrons on target could be increased by a factor of more than 1000 compared to currently available, leading to a corresponding increase in sensitivity to new physics. Such a beam could also be brought into collision with a high-power laser and thereby probe the completely unmeasured region of strong fields at values of the Schwinger critical field. An ultimate goal is to produce an electron beam of $O$(3 TeV) and collide with an LHC proton beam. This very high energy electron-proton collider would probe a new regime in which the structure of matter is completely unknown., Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures. Presented at Royal Society meeting, "Directions in particle beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration"

Published
2018
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33. Commissioning of Beam Instrumentation at the CERN AWAKE Facility After Integration of the Electron Beam Line

Author

V. A. Verzilov, David Medina, L. Soby, Spencer Gessner, Chiara Bracco, K. Pepitone, Michele Cascella, F. Keeble, Matthew Wing, Manfred Wendt, S. Jolly, L. Jensen, S. Doebert, S. Burger, Steen Jensen, Stefano Mazzoni, Francesco Velotti, Edda Gschwendtner, and I. Gorgisyan

Subjects
History, Materials science, Proton, Electron, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Education, law.invention, Accelerator Physics, Optics, law, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, T03 Beam Diagnostics and Instrumentation, 06 Beam Instrumentation, Controls, Feedback, and Operational Aspects, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, Range (particle radiation), Large Hadron Collider, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Plasma, Laser, Plasma acceleration, Super Proton Synchrotron, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Computer Science Applications, Physics::Accelerator Physics, business
Abstract

The Advanced Proton Driven Plasma Wakefield Acceleration Experiment (AWAKE) is a project at CERN aiming to accelerate an electron bunch in a plasma wakefield driven by a proton bunch*. The plasma is induced in a 10 m long Rubidium vapour cell using a pulsed Ti:Sapphire laser, with the wakefield formed by a proton bunch from the CERN SPS. A 16 MeV electron bunch is simultaneously injected into the plasma cell to be accelerated by the wakefield to energies in GeV range over this short distance. After successful runs with the proton and laser beams, the electron beam line was installed and commissioned at the end of 2017 to produce and inject a suitable electron bunch into the plasma cell. To achieve the goals of the experiment, it is important to have reliable beam instrumentation measuring the various parameters of the proton, electron and laser beams such as transverse position, transverse profile as well as temporal synchronization. This contribution presents the status of the beam instrumentation in AWAKE, including the new instruments incorporated into the system for measurements with the electron beam line, and reports on the performance achieved during the AWAKE runs in 2017., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Published
2018

34. Further studies of isolated photon production with a jet in deep inelastic scattering at HERA

Author

P. Stopa, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki, A. Bruni, O. Zenaiev, J. Sztuk-Dambietz, A. Stern, Marco Schioppa, N. H. Brook, O. Turkot, Enrico Tassi, B. Krupa, Robert Ciesielski, Masahiro Kuze, W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, Danuta Kisielewska, B. B. Levchenko, O. Hlushchenko, Anna Mastroberardino, G. Grzelak, T. Tsurugai, V. Aushev, Yuji Yamazaki, Claire Gwenlan, R. Brugnera, S. Kananov, V. Myronenko, Y. Aushev, M. Adamus, Elisabetta Gallo, Yu. Onishchuk, Yu.O. Shyrma, B. Löhr, Achim Geiser, Allen Caldwell, I. Abt, J. Ciborowski, Zainol Abidin Ibrahim, Leszek Adamczyk, T. Tymieniecka, I. Kadenko, W. Słomiński, Ulf Behrens, H. Kowalski, S. Antonelli, R.C.E. Devenish, Ada Solano, J. Malka, A. Polini, N. Stefaniuk, Olaf Behnke, W. Perlanski, N. Z. Jomhari, A. Bertolin, Katsuo Tokushuku, L. Zawiejski, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, M. Turcato, N.S. Pokrovskiy, A. Kotański, Kunihiro Nagano, Yu. A. Golubkov, E. Paul, Janusz Chwastowski, L. M. Shcheglova, P. Kaur, L. Stanco, S. Yamada, R. Hori, Y. Iga, I. O. Skillicorn, Mykhailo Lisovyi, A. Garfagnini, J. Tomaszewska, D. Hochman, B. Foster, S. Dusini, P. J. Bussey, L. K. Gladilin, R. K. Dementiev, Matthew Wing, Masaki Ishitsuka, Marcella Capua, Ian Brock, D. H. Saxon, Andrii Verbytskyi, Marta Ruspa, Aharon Levy, A. Longhin, Uta Klein, O. Yu. Lukina, C. D. Catterall, O. Shkola, I. A. Korzhavina, Halina Abramowicz, Andrii Gizhko, U. Karshon, F. Mohamad Idris, Mariusz Przybycien, M. Corradi, B.O. Zhautykov, N. Mohammad Nasir, Oleg Kuprash, Ingo Bloch, K. Wichmann, Nataliia Kovalchuk, Robert Klanner, E. Lobodzinska, E. Lohrmann, Grzegorz Gach, Thomas Schörner-Sadenius, Marcin Pawel Guzik, U. Schneekloth, and R. Aggarwal

Subjects
perturbation theory [quantum chromodynamics], Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Photon, HERA, ZEUS, Lepton-Nucleon Scattering (experiments), Photon production, QCD, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, high [transverse energy], HERA, Lepton-Nucleon Scattering (experiments), FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, transverse energy [photon], Photon energy, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, energy dependence, rapidity dependence, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), measured [differential cross section], 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, colliding beams [electron p], Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, production [photon], energy [photon], ZEUS, Monte Carlo [numerical calculations], Deep inelastic scattering, higher-order [perturbation theory], DESY HERA Stor, Pseudorapidity, deep inelastic scattering [electron p], factorization [transverse momentum], lcsh:QC770-798, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 1 [higher-order], experimental results
Abstract

Isolated photons with high transverse energy have been studied in deep inelastic $ep$ scattering with the ZEUS detector at HERA, using an integrated luminosity of $326\,$ pb$^{-1}$ in the range of exchanged-photon virtuality $10 - 350$ GeV$^2$. Outgoing isolated photons with transverse energy $4, Comment: 34 pages, 9 figures

Published
2017
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36. Studies of the diffractive photoproduction of isolated photons at HERA

Author

A. Bruni, Enrico Tassi, G. Grzelak, Claire Gwenlan, Marco Schioppa, Leszek Adamczyk, Masaki Ishitsuka, Yuji Yamazaki, Volodymyr Myronenko, Mykhailo Lisovyi, Uta Klein, P. Stopa, B. B. Levchenko, I. Abt, O. Yu. Lukina, J. Tomaszewska, A. Longhin, Robert Ciesielski, Allen Caldwell, Elisabetta Gallo, Yu. Onishchuk, Oleksii Turkot, Zainol Abidin Ibrahim, O. Behnke, T. Tymieniecka, Marcin Pawel Guzik, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, I. A. Korzhavina, Shoichi Yamada, R.C.E. Devenish, T. Schörner-Sadenius, Yu. A. Golubkov, E. Paul, Achim Geiser, A. Kotański, Masahiro Kuze, I. Kadenko, J. Sztuk-Dambietz, Andrii Verbytskyi, Marta Ruspa, S. Antonelli, Andrii Gizhko, U. Karshon, Aharon Levy, Y. Iga, W. Perlanski, S. Kananov, V. Aushev, E. Lohrmann, M. Adamus, A. Garfagnini, Grzegorz Gach, Af Zarnecki, F. Mohamad Idris, W. Slominski, Ewelina Lobodzinska, N. Z. Jomhari, U. Schneekloth, R. Hori, B. Löhr, R. Brugnera, D. Hochman, Yu.O. Shyrma, N.S. Pokrovskiy, Ian Brock, L. M. Shcheglova, P. J. Bussey, Ada Solano, Nataliia Kovalchuk, B.O. Zhautykov, D. H. Saxon, B. Foster, S. Dusini, L. Stanco, A. Stern, N. Mohammad Nasir, Oleg Kuprash, L. K. Gladilin, O. Zenaiev, R. K. Dementiev, I. O. Skillicorn, Ingo Bloch, Nazar Stefaniuk, Anna Mastroberardino, N. H. Brook, Matthew Wing, Mariusz Przybycien, Danuta Kisielewska, M. Corradi, Ulf Behrens, H. Kowalski, K. Wichmann, W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, A. Bertolin, L. Zawiejski, M. Turcato, Kunihiro Nagano, P. Kaur, Katsuo Tokushuku, J. Malka, J. Ciborowski, Janusz Chwastowski, A. Polini, T. Tsurugai, Marcella Capua, Robert Klanner, C. D. Catterall, O. Shkola, B. Krupa, O. Hlushchenko, Halina Abramowicz, and Y. Aushev

Subjects
Photon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), diffraction, photon: photoproduction, transverse energy [photon], jet: transverse momentum, Jet (particle physics), transverse momentum [jet], 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Pomeron, photoproduction [photon], electron p, Nuclear Experiment, Monte Carlo, HERA, ZEUS, QCD, Photoproduction, Diffraction, colliding beams [electron p], photon: transverse energy, Physics, Luminosity (scattering theory), longitudinal momentum, Monte Carlo [numerical calculations], HERA, DESY HERA Stor, electron p: colliding beams, Photoproduction, kinematics, Pseudorapidity, rapidity [jet], numerical calculations: Monte Carlo, Diffraction, photoproduction, electron p: deep inelastic scattering, Particle physics, pomeron: interaction, diffraction: dissociation, FOS: Physical sciences, differential cross section: measured, Nuclear physics, measured [differential cross section], 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, 010306 general physics, ZEUS (particle detector), rapidity [photon], 010308 nuclear & particles physics, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, ZEUS, Deep inelastic scattering, QCD, rapidity, photon: rapidity, jet: rapidity, deep inelastic scattering [electron p], High Energy Physics::Experiment, dissociation [diffraction], interaction [pomeron], experimental results
Abstract

Physical review / D 96(3), 032006(2017). doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.96.032006, The photoproduction of isolated photons has been measured in diffractive events recorded by the ZEUS detector at HERA. Cross sections are evaluated in the photon transverse-energy and pseudorapidity ranges $5 < E_T < 15$ GeV and $-0.7 < \eta < 0.9,$ inclusively and also with a jet with transverse energy and pseudorapidity in the ranges $4 < E_{jet} < 35$ GeV and $-1.5 < \eta_{jet} < 1.8,$ using a total integrated electron-proton luminosity of 456 pb$^{-1}$. A number of kinematic variables were studied and compared to predictions from the Rapgap Monte Carlo model. An excess of data is observed above the Rapgap predictions for $z^{meas}_{Pomeron} > 0.9,$ where $z^{meas}_{Pomeron}$ is the fraction of the longitudinal momentum of the colourless 'Pomeron' exchange that is transferred to the photon-jet final state, giving evidence for direct Pomeron interactions., Published by Inst., Woodbury, NY

Published
2017
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37. The hadronic final state at HERA

Author

Matthew Wing and Paul Newman

Subjects
perturbation theory [quantum chromodynamics], small-x, Particle physics, High Energy Physics::Lattice, diffraction, review, FOS: Physical sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, Jet (particle physics), Zeus (malware), hadronic [final state], energy dependence, High Energy Physics - Experiment, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), Pomeron, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), pomeron, deeply virtual Compton scattering, jet, ddc:530, pentaquark, Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Glueball, hadron spectroscopy, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Perturbative QCD, ZEUS, HERA, scattering [electron p], Hadronization, DESY HERA Stor, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, glueball, H1, nonperturbative [effect], instanton, High Energy Physics::Experiment, coupling constant [strong interaction], hadronization, experimental results
Abstract

The hadronic final state in electron-proton collisions at HERA has provided a rich testing ground for development of the theory of the strong force, QCD. In this review, over 200 publications from the H1 and ZEUS Collaborations are summarised. Short distance physics, the measurement of processes at high energy scales, has provided rigorous tests of perturbative QCD and constrained the structure of the proton as well as allowing precise measurements of the strong coupling constant to be made. Non-perturbative or low energy processes have also been investigated and results on hadronisation interpreted together with those from other experiments. Searches for exotic QCD objects, such as pentaquarks, glueballs and instantons have been performed. The subject of diffraction has been re-invigorated through its precise measurement, such that it can now be described by perturbative QCD. After discussion of HERA, the H1 and ZEUS detectors and the techniques used to reconstruct differing hadronic final states, the above subject areas are elaborated. The major achievements are then condensed further in a final section summarising what has been learned., Comment: 60 pages, 65 figures, submitted to Reviews of Modern Physics. Updated version includes comments to the text from journal referees

Published
2014
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38. Collider design issues based on proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration

Author

Carsten Welsch, O. Mete, S. Mandry, Matthew Wing, A. Aimidula, Guoxing Xia, and Sawpan Chattopadhyay

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, CERN Lab, Proton, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, wake field [plasma], Tevatron, PDPWA, FOS: Physical sciences, Electron, wake field [acceleration], law.invention, Nuclear physics, Acceleration, law, Colliders, ddc:530, Nuclear Experiment, Collider, Instrumentation, Physics, design [linear accelerator], Large Hadron Collider, Plasma, Plasma acceleration, Self-modulation instability, beam [p], Dephasing, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, linear collider [electron positron]
Abstract

Recent simulations have shown that a high-energy proton bunch can excite strong plasma wakefields and accelerate a bunch of electrons to the energy frontier in a single stage of acceleration. It therefore paves the way towards a compact future collider design using the proton beams from existing high-energy proton machines, e.g. Tevatron or the LHC. This paper addresses some key issues in designing a compact electron–positron linear collider and an electron–proton collider based on the existing CERN accelerator infrastructure.

Published
2014
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39. Running of the Charm-Quark Mass from HERA Deep-Inelastic Scattering Data

Author

Johannes Blümlein, Amanda Cooper-Sarkar, Laurent Favart, Grzegorz Nowak, R. Plačakytė, A. Buniatyan, S. Schmitt, J. Hladkỳ, E. Elsen, A. Garfagnini, Klaus Rabbertz, B. B. Levchenko, M. Lisovyi, D. Haidt, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki, Z. P. Zhang, R. Brugnera, I. Abt, T. Tymieniecka, K. Wichmann, O. Zenaiev, J. Feltesse, K. Daum, Andrii Verbytskyi, S. Mikocki, Katerina Lipka, E. Paul, L. M. Shcheglova, Peter Bussey, L. Stanco, Achim Geiser, I. A. Korzhavina, Zong-Guo Si, Maria Vittoria Garzelli, Andrii Gizhko, M. Kapichine, Matthew Wing, P. Truöl, Olaf Behnke, Sven Moch, Th. Naumann, A. Longhin, Roberto Carlin, A. W. Jung, J. Gayler, H. Spiesberger, A. Bertolin, B. Foster, S. Dusini, D. Britzger, Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) ( DPP ), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers ( IRFU ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPP), Institut de Recherches sur les lois Fondamentales de l'Univers (IRFU), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), and Département de Physique des Particules (ex SPP) (DPhP)

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Photon, High Energy Physics::Lattice, FOS: Physical sciences, Context (language use), 01 natural sciences, Charm quark, renormalization, Nuclear physics, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), deep inelastic scattering, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, Charm (quantum number), quantum chromodynamics: perturbation theory, 010306 general physics, Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Scattering, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, higher-order: 1, charm: production, HERA, Deep inelastic scattering, lcsh:QC1-999, quark: mass, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, DESY HERA Stor, scale dependence, [PHYS.HPHE]Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], High Energy Physics::Experiment, [ PHYS.HPHE ] Physics [physics]/High Energy Physics - Phenomenology [hep-ph], charm, lcsh:Physics
Abstract

Physics letters / B 775, 233 - 238 (2017). doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2017.11.002, Combined HERA data on charm production in deep-inelastic scattering have previously been used to determine the charm-quark running mass $m_{c}(m_{c})$ in the $\overline{MS}$renormalisation scheme. Here, the same data are used as a function of the photon virtuality $Q^2$ to evaluate the charm-quark running mass at different scales to one-loop order, in the context of a next-to-leading order QCD analysis. The scale dependence of the mass is found to be consistent with QCD expectations., Published by Elsevier, Amsterdam

Published
2017
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40. Investigation into the limits of perturbation theory at low $Q^2$ using HERA deep inelastic scattering data

Author

K. Wichmann, Matthew Wing, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, B. Foster, Volodymyr Myronenko, and I. Abt

Subjects
perturbation theory [quantum chromodynamics], Particle physics, data analysis method, small-x, density [parton], FOS: Physical sciences, Regge, Parton, Inelastic scattering, structure function [p], 01 natural sciences, High Energy Physics - Experiment, collinear [factorization], DGLAP equation, Pomeron, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), inclusive reaction [deep inelastic scattering], Factorization, pomeron, 0103 physical sciences, ddc:530, p: structure function, quantum chromodynamics: perturbation theory, 010306 general physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, factorization: collinear, higher-order: 2, High Energy Physics::Phenomenology, Perturbative QCD, parametrization, HERA, Deep inelastic scattering, deep inelastic scattering: inclusive reaction, 2 [higher-order], High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, DESY HERA Stor, kinematics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, parton: density, experimental results
Abstract

Physical review / D 96(1), 014001(2017). doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.96.014001, A phenomenological study of the final combined HERA data on inclusive deep inelastic scattering has been performed. The data are presented and investigated for a kinematic range extending from values of the four-momentum transfer, $Q^2$, above 104 GeV$^2$ down to the lowest values observable at HERA of $Q^2$ =0.045 GeV$^2$ and Bjorken x, x$_{BJ}$ 6 $\cdot$ 10-7. The data are well described by fits based on perturbative quantum chromodynamics (QCD) using collinear factorisation and evolution of the parton densities encompassed in the Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi formalism from the highest $Q^2$ down to $Q^2$ of a few GeV$^2$. The Regge formalism with the soft Pomeron pole can describe the data up to $Q^2$ ≈ 0.65 GeV$^2$. The complete data set can be described by a new fit using the Abramowicz-Levin-Levy-Maor parametrization. The region between the Regge and the perturbative QCD regimes is of particular interest., Published by APS, Woodbury, NY

Published
2017
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41. Bright X-ray radiation from plasma bubbles in an evolving laser wakefield accelerator

Author

Stefan Kneip, Nelson Lopes, P. P. Rajeev, Dan Symes, Hirotaka Nakamura, O. Cheklov, M. J. V. Streeter, Joshua A. Wood, Jörg Schreiber, M. S. Bloom, Jason Cole, Zulfikar Najmudin, J. Holloway, J. Jiang, Peter Norreys, Matthew Wing, R. A. Bendoyro, C. J. Hooker, A. Döpp, Stuart Mangles, Engineering & Physical Science Research Council (EPSRC), Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC), and Commission of the European Communities

Subjects
Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Brightness, Photon, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Physics::Optics, FOS: Physical sciences, Photon energy, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, law, physics.plasm-ph, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, 010306 general physics, physics.acc-ph, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Surfaces and Interfaces, Plasma, Plasma acceleration, Laser, Physics - Plasma Physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Cathode ray, lcsh:QC770-798, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, Atomic physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract

We show that the properties of the electron beam and bright x-rays produced by a laser wakefield accelerator can be predicted if the distance over which the laser self-focuses and compresses prior to self-injection is taken into account. A model based on oscillations of the beam inside a plasma bubble shows that performance is optimised when the plasma length is matched to the laser depletion length. With a 200~TW laser pulse this results in an x-ray beam with median photon energy of \unit[20]{keV}, $> 6\times 10^{8}$ photons above \unit[1]{keV} per shot and a peak brightness of $\unit[3 \times 10^{22}]{photons~s^{-1}mrad^{-2}mm^{-2} (0.1\% BW)^{-1}}$., 5 pages, 4 figures

Published
2017
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42. Production of Z0 bosons in elastic and quasi-elastic ep collisions at HERA

Author

P. Schleper, E. Lobodzinska, S. Fang, Sebastian Mergelmeyer, L. M. Shcheglova, R. Yoshida, W. H. Smith, Thomas Schörner-Sadenius, Y. Yamazaki, Mário Costa, A. Galas, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki, Katsuo Tokushuku, V.V. Sosnovtsev, I. I. Katkov, D. Gladkov, Yu. A. Golubkov, E. Paul, Nazar Bartosik, L. Stanco, R. Ingbir, Enrico Tassi, J. J. Whitmore, G. DʼAgostini, Alexander Spiridonov, I. A. Melzer-Pellmann, Janusz Chwastowski, J. M. Pawlak, D.D. Reeder, L. Suszycki, Allen Caldwell, B. Löhr, A. Garfagnini, Ramoona Shehzadi, Antonino Zichichi, Wojciech Slominski, A. Verbytskyi, T. Theedt, R. Hori, A. Eskreys, Marco Schioppa, S. Magill, P. G. Pelfer, F. Corriveau, G. Grzelak, Claire Gwenlan, S. Kitamura, Zainol Abidin Ibrahim, F. Januschek, U. Samson, Andrea Contin, O. Yu. Lukina, B. Reisert, F. Mohamad Idris, M. Derrick, T. Tymieniecka, Danuta Kisielewska, K. Nagano, Nazar Stefaniuk, S. De Pasquale, B. B. Levchenko, T. P. Stewart, Janna Katharina Behr, A. Longhin, P.M. Kooijman, A. Keramidas, Rosario Nania, U. Kötz, H. Stadie, A. Kotański, Iwona Grabowska-Bold, M. Jüngst, Ben Bylsma, M. Vázquez, G. Hartner, H. Hartmann, Claudia Glasman, V. Drugakov, Krzysztof Piotrzkowski, Marcella Capua, Kenneth Long, Ulf Behrens, Federico Cindolo, H. Kowalski, Achim Geiser, B.O. Zhautykov, Alexander Tapper, Rainer Mankel, N.N. Vlasov, A. Nigro, A. Antonov, J. Repond, W. B. Schmidke, J. Maeda, D. Szuba, R. J. Nowak, T. Namsoo, Leszek Adamczyk, N. Kondrashova, Lev Khein, Takuya Nobe, Alessia Bruni, M.I. Ferrero, D. Lontkovskyi, C. Youngman, Halina Abramowicz, V. Trusov, H.-P. Jakob, J. F. Martin, H.G.J.M. Tiecke, A. Parenti, I. Kadenko, M. Basile, T. Haas, John Hart, P. Stopa, G. Dolinska, J. D. Morris, A. Pellegrino, F. Karstens, Ozan Arslan, S. Kananov, I. Makarenko, M.C.K. Mattingly, L. S. Durkin, R. Brugnera, Juan Terron, Ada Solano, K. Papageorgiu, Y. Iga, P.F. Ermolov, O. Zabiegalov, Kerstin Borras, V. Bokhonov, O. Zenaiev, R. Hamatsu, O. Bachynska, Z. Ren, S. Limentani, Dong-Chul Son, A. E. Nuncio-Quiroz, W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, I. O. Skillicorn, Els Koffeman, Matthew Wing, Masaki Ishitsuka, I. Rubinsky, M. Turcato, Alessandro Bertolin, James Ferrando, O. Kononenko, B. Brzozowska, B. Musgrave, V. Aushev, I. Gregor, I. Abt, E. Brownson, A. T. Doyle, A. Montanari, Anselmo Margotti, J. Grebenyuk, I. Singh, L.W. Wiggers, U. Klein, O. Turkot, P. Roloff, V. Sola, V. Libov, S. Miglioranzi, C. Blohm, N. Zhmak, Gy. Wolf, V. Monaco, D. Bot, K. Wichmann, M. Adamus, T. Kanno, G. Marini, B. A. Dolgoshein, W. Hain, Orel Gueta, S. Antonelli, Alexander Savin, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, A. Bamberger, Marta Ruspa, A.G. Robertson, Mariusz Przybycien, Ie. Korol, D. Notz, M. Corradi, O. Viazlo, D.S. Zotkin, Marcello Bindi, B. Pawlik, C. D. Catterall, T. W. Jones, N. Brümmer, T. Tsurugai, J. Szuba, A. N. Barakbaev, Ian Brock, Y. Ning, Sergei Chekanov, S. Yamada, A. Stern, K. Wrona, Dirk-Uwe Bartsch, J. Sztuk-Dambietz, B. Foster, K. Olkiewicz, Wolfgang Lohmann, S. Dusini, J. Schwartz, A. Lee, E. Hilger, H. Wolfe, G. Bari, Shima Shimizu, E.G. Boos, Graziano Bruni, I. A. Korzhavina, F. Sciulli, S. Bhadra, J. Y. Kim, U. Karshon, Pietro Antonioli, Luisa Cifarelli, L. K. Gladilin, Tomasz Bold, A. Hüttmann, D. H. Saxon, R. K. Dementiev, B.Y. Oh, D. Hochman, S. Schlenstedt, P. J. Bussey, M. Arneodo, P. Göttlicher, O. Kuprash, Jan Figiel, O. Behnke, S. Fazio, G. Grigorescu, M. Lisovyi, Roberto Sacchi, A.S. Proskuryakov, N.S. Pokrovskiy, Aharon Levy, Zukhaimira Zolkapli, F. Dal Corso, M. Wlasenko, R.C.E. Devenish, A. Gizhko, K. Mujkic, Hanno Perrey, R. Ciesielski, Elisabetta Gallo, Yu. Onishchuk, A.G. Yagües-Molina, J. Tomaszewska, J. Del Peso, W. Perlanski, G. F. Susinno, A. Raval, Fernando Barreiro, S.I. Suchkov, Didar Dobur, Y. Aushev, Lorenzo Bellagamba, N. Coppola, N. Okazaki, M. Kuze, Pawel Plucinski, E. Lohrmann, R. Klanner, Anna Mastroberardino, Amanda Cooper-Sarkar, Y.D. Ri, Grzegorz Gach, Kyrylo Bondarenko, T. Y. Ling, O. Gogota, Y. Eisenberg, R. Walczak, Giuseppe Barbagli, G. Sartorelli, Marcin Pawel Guzik, U. Schneekloth, R. Aggarwal, V. Schönberg, L. Zawiejski, P. Kaur, A. Stifutkin, B. Kahle, Roberto Carlin, J. Ciborowski, Manjit Kaur, J. Malka, Davide Boscherini, A. Polini, and I. Gialas

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, ZEUS (particle detector), Proton, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Hadron, Elementary particle, HERA, 01 natural sciences, Standard Model, Nuclear physics, Pseudorapidity, 0103 physical sciences, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Nucleon
Abstract

The production of Z 0 bosons in the reaction ep→eZ 0 p (*) , where p (*) stands for a proton or a low-mass nucleon resonance, has been studied in ep collisions at HERA using the ZEUS detector. The analysis is based on a data sample collected between 1996 and 2007, amounting to 496pb -1 of integrated luminosity. The Z 0 was measured in the hadronic decay mode. The elasticity of the events was ensured by a cut on η max max is the maximum pseudorapidity of energy deposits in the calorimeter defined with respect to the proton beam direction. A signal was observed at the Z 0 mass. The cross section of the reaction ep→eZ 0 p (*) was measured to be σ(ep→eZ 0 p (*) )=0.13±0.06(stat.)±0.01(syst.) pb, in agreement with the Standard Model prediction of 0.16 pb. This is the first measurement of Z 0 production in ep collisions. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2013
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43. Production of the excited charm mesons and at HERA

Author

M. Jüngst, Ben Bylsma, D. Szuba, Marco Schioppa, P. G. Pelfer, G. Hartner, Francois Corriveau, H. Hartmann, Claudia Glasman, Katsuo Tokushuku, V.V. Sosnovtsev, D. Gladkov, A. Kotański, B. B. Levchenko, V. Drugakov, Janusz Chwastowski, Takuya Nobe, J. Behr, Anna Mastroberardino, U. Klein, O. Turkot, S. Schlenstedt, J. F. Martin, A. Verbytskyi, Lev Khein, A. Bruni, Alexander Tapper, Antonino Zichichi, R. Hori, B. Brzozowska, Halina Abramowicz, S. Kananov, F. J. Sciulli, F. Dal Corso, A. Keramidas, Pawel Plucinski, Yuji Yamazaki, B.O. Zhautykov, Nazar Bartosik, Enrico Tassi, J. J. Whitmore, I. Kadenko, M. Wlasenko, J. Schwartz, G. Grzelak, Hartmut Stadie, Kenneth Long, A. Bertolin, A. Eskreys, Ie. Korol, L. M. Shcheglova, Claire Gwenlan, Y.D. Ri, S. Yamada, T. Namsoo, I. Gialas, A. Gizhko, G. Bari, F. Januschek, S. De Pasquale, S. Fang, J. Maeda, Giovanna Bruni, John Hart, D.D. Reeder, P.F. Ermolov, O. Yu. Lukina, B. Reisert, A. Longhin, Y. Eisenberg, Ramoona Shehzadi, R. Walczak, Alexander Spiridonov, I. A. Melzer-Pellmann, Michele Arneodo, Sebastian Mergelmeyer, R.C.E. Devenish, Ozan Arslan, A. Nigro, A.G. Yagües-Molina, L. Zawiejski, M. Turcato, Kunihiro Nagano, A. Pellegrino, M. Vázquez, W. Perlanski, G. F. Susinno, Andrea Contin, James Ferrando, J. Tomaszewska, I. Rubinsky, I. Gregor, O. Zabiegalov, Jose Repond, I. A. Korzhavina, O. Kuprash, M.C.K. Mattingly, Jan Figiel, G. Sartorelli, L. S. Durkin, B. Löhr, N. Okazaki, L. Stanco, R. Ingbir, J. Del Peso, Valentina Sola, A. Raval, John Morris, I. Abt, R. Hamatsu, O. Bachynska, B. Musgrave, E. Lobodzinska, Leszek Adamczyk, G. Grigorescu, L. Suszycki, P. Kaur, S. Magill, T. Theedt, Marcella Capua, Fernando Barreiro, Els Koffeman, S. Kitamura, M.I. Ferrero, A.G. Robertson, P. Stopa, A. E. Nuncio-Quiroz, V. Monaco, Mariusz Przybycien, F. Karstens, M. Corradi, O. Viazlo, S.I. Suchkov, Peter Schleper, Didar Dobur, W. A. T. Wan Abdullah, A. Montanari, K. Mujkic, J. Szuba, W. H. Smith, W. Hain, D. Bot, Rainer Mankel, N.N. Vlasov, A. Stifutkin, Y. Aushev, J. Sztuk-Dambietz, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, O. Zenaiev, Thomas Schörner-Sadenius, D. Notz, D.S. Zotkin, C. D. Catterall, T. W. Jones, K. Olkiewicz, I. I. Katkov, K. Wichmann, M. Adamus, G. Marini, Mário Costa, Wolfram Dietrich Zeuner, Anselmo Margotti, Ada Solano, J. Grebenyuk, Y. Ning, Olaf Behnke, L.W. Wiggers, Yu. A. Golubkov, E. Paul, H. Wolfe, Kyrylo Bondarenko, T. Y. Ling, O. Gogota, A. Bamberger, V. Bokhonov, E. Hilger, F. Mohamad Idris, Marcello Bindi, B. Pawlik, H.G.J.M. Tiecke, A. Parenti, Robert Klanner, K. Wrona, N. Coppola, E.G. Boos, Hanno Perrey, U. Karshon, S. Bhadra, R. Ciesielski, Elisabetta Gallo, B. Foster, Nazar Stefaniuk, D. Boscherini, S. Limentani, Rosario Nania, S. Dusini, Yu. Onishchuk, V. Libov, Krzysztof Piotrzkowski, B.Y. Oh, N. Zhmak, Gy. Wolf, T. Kanno, J. Y. Kim, Pietro Antonioli, Luisa Cifarelli, Alexander Savin, I. Singh, L. K. Gladilin, R. K. Dementiev, N. Kondrashova, B. Kahle, N.S. Pokrovskiy, Zukhaimira Zolkapli, A. N. Barakbaev, Allen Caldwell, Giuseppe Barbagli, N. Brümmer, Roberto Carlin, T. Tsurugai, S. Miglioranzi, I. Makarenko, Y. Iga, Zainol Abidin Ibrahim, M. Derrick, T. Tymieniecka, U. Kötz, J. Ciborowski, Wolfgang Lohmann, R. J. Nowak, I. O. Skillicorn, Manjit Kaur, J. Malka, A. Polini, W. Słomiński, Ulf Behrens, Federico Cindolo, H. Kowalski, R. Yoshida, A. Stern, Matthew Wing, Zhongliang Ren, D. Lontkovskyi, V. Trusov, P. Roloff, J. M. Pawlak, V. Aushev, A. Garfagnini, W. B. Schmidke, U. Samson, Danuta Kisielewska, T. P. Stewart, G. Dolinska, K. Papageorgiu, D. Hochman, M. Basile, T. Haas, P. J. Bussey, S. Fazio, Roberto Sacchi, Aharon Levy, Sergei Chekanov, Dirk-Uwe Bartsch, Marcin Pawel Guzik, A. Lee, L. Bellagamba, A. Galas, Aleksander Filip Żarnecki, Ian Brock, U. Schneekloth, R. Aggarwal, A. Hüttmann, D. H. Saxon, P. Göttlicher, M. Kuze, E. Brownson, A. T. Doyle, E. Lohrmann, M. Ishitsuka, B. A. Dolgoshein, Orel Gueta, Marta Ruspa, Grzegorz Gach, V. Schönberg, Iwona Grabowska-Bold, A. Antonov, C. Youngman, H.-P. Jakob, R. Brugnera, Kerstin Borras, Dong-Chul Son, P.M. Kooijman, Achim Geiser, O. Kononenko, Juan Terron, C. Blohm, S. Antonelli, A.S. Proskuryakov, Shima Shimizu, Tomasz Bold, and G. DʼAgostini

Subjects
Physics, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Particle physics, Meson, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, HERA, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Helicity, D-1, Charm quark, Nuclear physics, Excited state, 0103 physical sciences, Heavy quark effective theory, High Energy Physics::Experiment, 010306 general physics
Abstract

The production of the excited charm mesons D 1 (2420) and D2*(2460) in ep collisions has been measured with the ZEUS detector at HERA using an integrated luminosity of 373pb -1 . The masses of the neutral and charged states, the widths of the neutral states, and the helicity parameter of D 1 (2420) 0 were determined and compared with other measurements and with theoretical expectations. The measured helicity parameter of the D10 allows for some mixing of S- and D-waves in its decay to D *± π Π . The result is also consistent with a pure D-wave decay. Ratios of branching fractions of the two decay modes of the D2*(2460)0 and D2*(2460)± states were measured and compared with previous measurements. The fractions of charm quarks hadronising into D 1 and D2* were measured and are consistent with those obtained in e + e - annihilations. © 2012 Elsevier B.V.

Published
2013
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44. Physics case of the very high energy electron-proton collider, VHEeP

Author

Allen Caldwell and Matthew Wing

Subjects
Physics, Range (particle radiation), Particle physics, Photon, Proton, Parton, HERA, Electron, law.invention, Momentum, law, Physics::Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics::Experiment, Collider
Abstract

The possibility of a very high energy electron-proton (VHEeP) collider with a centre-of-mass energy of 9 TeV has been presented at previous workshops. These proceedings briefly summarise the VHEeP concept, which was recently published, and developments since then, as well as future directions. At the VHEeP collider, with a centre-of-mass energy 30 times greater than HERA, parton momentum fractions, $x$, down to about $10^{-8}$ are accessible for photon virtualities, $Q^2$, of 1 GeV$^2$. This extension in the kinematic range to low $x$ complements proposals for other electron-proton or electron-ion colliders.

Published
2016
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45. DIS2016 workshop summary

Author

Markus Diehl, Matthew Wing, Olaf Behnke, and Stefan Schmitt

Subjects
deep inelastic scattering, ddc:530
Abstract

We provide a brief summary of the 24th International Workshop on Deep Inelastic Scattering andRelated Subjects (DIS2016), and also acknowledge sponsors and committee members.

Published
2016
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46. An electron spectrometer for proton driven plasma accelerated electrons at AWAKE: Predicted resolution of energy and emittance measurements

Author

Stefano Mazzoni, A. Goldblatt, F. Keeble, S. Jolly, Lawrence Deacon, Alexey Petrenko, B. Biskup, and Matthew Wing

Subjects
Physics, Electron spectrometer, Proton, Spectrometer, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Plasma, Electron, Plasma acceleration, 01 natural sciences, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear physics, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Thermal emittance, Atomic physics, Nuclear Experiment, 010306 general physics, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE), to be constructed at CERN, will be the first experiment to demonstrate proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration. The 400 GeV proton beam from the CERN SPS will excite a wakefield in a plasma cell several meters in length. To probe the plasma wakefield, electrons of 10–20 MeV will be injected into the wakefield following the head of the proton beam. Simulations indicate that electrons will be accelerated to GeV energies by the plasma wakefield. The AWAKE spectrometer is intended to measure both the peak energy and energy spread of these accelerated electrons. Under certain conditions it is also possible to use the spectrometer to measure the transverse beam emittance. The expected resolution of these measurements is investigated for various beam distributions, taking into account an optimised vacuum chamber and scintillator screen design and results of beam and optical tests.

Published
2016
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47. Study of HERAepdata at lowQ2and lowxBjand the need for higher-twist corrections to standard perturbative QCD fits

Author

Volodymyr Myronenko, Matthew Wing, A. M. Cooper-Sarkar, B. Foster, I. Abt, and K. Wichmann

Subjects
Physics, Quantum chromodynamics, Particle physics, DGLAP, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, 0103 physical sciences, Structure function, Perturbative QCD, High Energy Physics::Experiment, HERA, Twist, 010306 general physics, 01 natural sciences
Abstract

A detailed comparison of HERA data at low Bjorken-$x$ and low four-momentum-transfer squared, ${Q}^{2}$, with predictions based on $\mathrm{ln}{Q}^{2}$ evolution (DGLAP) in perturbative quantum chromodynamics suggests inadequacies of this framework. The standard DGLAP evolution was augmented by including an additional higher-twist term in the description of the longitudinal structure function, ${F}_{\mathrm{L}}$. This additional term, ${F}_{\mathrm{L}}{A}_{\mathrm{L}}^{\mathrm{HT}}/{Q}^{2}$, improves the description of the reduced cross sections significantly. The resulting predictions for ${F}_{\mathrm{L}}$ suggest that further corrections are required for ${Q}^{2}$ less than about $2\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{GeV}}^{2}$.

Published
2016
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48. Compact laser accelerators for X-ray phase-contrast imaging

Author

Stefan Kneip, Oleg Chekhlov, P. P. Rajeev, Dan Symes, C. J. Hooker, Zulfikar Najmudin, M. J. V. Streeter, Matthew Wing, Nelson Lopes, A. E. Dangor, C. Russo, Klaus Ertel, S. J. Hawkes, Stuart Mangles, J. Holloway, H. Nakamura, A. Döpp, M. S. Bloom, J. Jiang, and Peter Norreys

Subjects
Physics, Brightness, Photon, business.industry, General Mathematics, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, Nanotechnology, Electron, Articles, Plasma acceleration, Laser, Betatron, Synchrotron, law.invention, Optics, law, X-Ray Phase-Contrast Imaging, Physics::Accelerator Physics, business
Abstract

Advances in X-ray imaging techniques have been driven by advances in novel X-ray sources. The latest fourth-generation X-ray sources can boast large photon fluxes at unprecedented brightness. However, the large size of these facilities means that these sources are not available for everyday applications. With advances in laser plasma acceleration, electron beams can now be generated at energies comparable to those used in light sources, but in university-sized laboratories. By making use of the strong transverse focusing of plasma accelerators, bright sources of betatron radiation have been produced. Here, we demonstrate phase-contrast imaging of a biological sample for the first time by radiation generated by GeV electron beams produced by a laser accelerator. The work was performed using a greater than 300TW laser, which allowed the energy of the synchrotron source to be extended to the 10100 keV range. © 2014 The Author(s) Published by the Royal Society. All rights reserved.

Published
2016
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49. AWAKE, a proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration experiment at CERN

Author

Ricardo Fonseca, Lawrence Deacon, Andrei Seryi, Muhammad Kasim, V. Fedossev, L. O. Silva, J. T. Moody, E. Feldbaumer, A. Butterworth, O. Reimann, Chiara Bracco, Ans Pardons, R. Tarkeshian, F. Batsch, A. P. Sosedkin, S. Mandry, R. Jones, C. Hessler, Peter Norreys, Alexey Petrenko, K. Rieger, Nelson Lopes, H. Vincke, E. Öz, Guoxing Xia, Graeme Burt, Ligia Diana Amorim, E. Shaposhnikova, S. Chattopadhyay, Alexander Pukhov, Patric Muggli, Jorge Vieira, Malika Meddahi, Simon Jolly, Allen Caldwell, P. Sherwood, Francesco Velotti, Ulrich Dorda, Dino A. Jaroszynski, M. Martyanov, Michael Jenkins, S. Doebert, Robert Bingham, Edda Gschwendtner, R.W. Assmann, Julia Grebenyuk, B. Buttenschön, O. Mete, L. Jensen, V. A. Minakov, Wolfgang Höfle, Matthew Wing, John-Bjarne Hansen, Raoul Trines, Olaf Grulke, Brennan Goddard, Konstantin Lotov, J. Holloway, Zulfikar Najmudin, Silvia Cipiccia, Carsten Welsch, and Aguilar-Benítez, M., Fuster, J., Martí-García, S., and Santamaría, A.

Subjects
electron, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Proton, wake field [plasma], self-modulation, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, wake field [acceleration], Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas [Domínio/Área Científica], Linear particle accelerator, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Nuclear physics, Acceleration, CNGS, Plasma, Wakefields, Proof-of-principle, Physics::Plasma Physics, 0103 physical sciences, AWAKE, hardware, ddc:530, Self-modulation, 010306 general physics, Nuclear Experiment, QC, Physics, Large Hadron Collider, wakefields, protons, plasma [accelerator], linear accelerator, CERN SPS, Plasma acceleration, Accelerators and Storage Rings, beam [p], proof-of-principle, Bunches, high [energy], Physics::Accelerator Physics, Protons, Beam (structure)
Abstract

The AWAKE Collaboration has been formed in order to demonstrate proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration for the first time. This acceleration technique could lead to future colliders of high energy but of a much reduced length when compared to proposed linear accelerators. The CERN SPS proton beam in the CNGS facility will be injected into a 10 m plasma cell where the long proton bunches will be modulated into significantly shorter micro bunches. These micro-bunches will then initiate a strong wakefield in the plasma with peak fields above 1 GV/m that will be harnessed to accelerate a bunch of electrons from about 20 MeV to the GeV scale within a few meters. The experimental program is based on detailed numerical simulations of beam and plasma interactions. The main accelerator components, the experimental area and infrastructure required as well as the plasma cell and the diagnostic equipment are discussed in detail. First protons to the experiment are expected at the end of 2016 and this will be followed by an initial three-four years experimental program. The experiment will inform future larger-scale tests of proton-driven plasma wakefield acceleration and applications to high energy colliders. info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2016
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50. Study of HERA data at Low Q^2 and Low x

Author

K. Wichmann, Matthew Wing, I. Abt, B. Foster, Amanda Cooper-Sarkar, and Volodymyr Myronenko

Subjects
Physics, Particle physics, 05 social sciences, FOS: Physical sciences, 020207 software engineering, 02 engineering and technology, HERA, High Energy Physics - Experiment, High Energy Physics - Experiment (hep-ex), High Energy Physics - Phenomenology, High Energy Physics - Phenomenology (hep-ph), 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, 0501 psychology and cognitive sciences, 050107 human factors
Abstract

In the HERAPDF2.0 PDF analysis it was noted that the fit $\chi^2$ worsens significantly at low $Q^2$ for both NLO and NNLO fits. The turn over of the reduced cross section at low-$x$ and low $Q^2$ due to the contribution of the longitudinal cross section $F_L$ is also not very well described. In this paper the prediction for $F_L$ is highlighted and the corresponding extraction of $F_2$ from the data is further investigated, showing discrepancies with description of HERAPDF2.0 at low $x$ and $Q^2$. The effect of adding a simple higher twist term of the form ~$F_L*A/Q^2$ to the description of $F_L$ is investigated. This results in a significantly better description of the reduced cross-sections, $F_2$ and $F_L$ at low $x$, $Q^2$ and a significantly lower $\chi^2$ for the NNLO fit as compared to the NLO fit. This is not the case if the higher twist term is added to $F_2$, Comment: 5 pages, 6 figures, proceedings of XXIV International Workshop on Deep-Inelastic Scattering and Related Subjects

Published
2016

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