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1. The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance

Author

Tegally, Houriiyah, primary, San, James E., additional, Cotten, Matthew, additional, Tegomoh, Bryan, additional, Mboowa, Gerald, additional, Martin, Darren P., additional, Baxter, Cheryl, additional, Moir, Monika, additional, Lambisia, Arnold, additional, Diallo, Amadou, additional, Amoako, Daniel G., additional, Diagne, Moussa M., additional, Sisay, Abay, additional, Zekri, Abdel-Rahman N., additional, Barakat, Abdelhamid, additional, Gueye, Abdou Salam, additional, Sangare, Abdoul K., additional, Ouedraogo, Abdoul-Salam, additional, Sow, Abdourahmane, additional, Musa, Abdualmoniem O., additional, Sesay, Abdul K., additional, Lagare, Adamou, additional, Kemi, Adedotun-Sulaiman, additional, Abar, Aden Elmi, additional, Johnson, Adeniji A., additional, Fowotade, Adeola, additional, Olubusuyi, Adewumi M., additional, Oluwapelumi, Adeyemi O., additional, Amuri, Adrienne A., additional, Juru, Agnes, additional, Ramadan, Ahmad Mabrouk, additional, Kandeil, Ahmed, additional, Mostafa, Ahmed, additional, Rebai, Ahmed, additional, Sayed, Ahmed, additional, Kazeem, Akano, additional, Balde, Aladje, additional, Christoffels, Alan, additional, Trotter, Alexander J., additional, Campbell, Allan, additional, Keita, Alpha Kabinet, additional, Kone, Amadou, additional, Bouzid, Amal, additional, Souissi, Amal, additional, Agweyu, Ambrose, additional, Gutierrez, Ana V., additional, Page, Andrew J., additional, Yadouleton, Anges, additional, Vinze, Anika, additional, Happi, Anise N., additional, Chouikha, Anissa, additional, Iranzadeh, Arash, additional, Maharaj, Arisha, additional, Batchi-Bouyou, Armel Landry, additional, Ismail, Arshad, additional, Sylverken, Augustina, additional, Goba, Augustine, additional, Femi, Ayoade, additional, Sijuwola, Ayotunde Elijah, additional, Ibrahimi, Azeddine, additional, Marycelin, Baba, additional, Salako, Babatunde Lawal, additional, Oderinde, Bamidele S., additional, Bolajoko, Bankole, additional, Dhaala, Beatrice, additional, Herring, Belinda L., additional, Tsofa, Benjamin, additional, Mvula, Bernard, additional, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie, additional, Marondera, Blessing T., additional, Khaireh, Bouh Abdi, additional, Kouriba, Bourema, additional, Adu, Bright, additional, Pool, Brigitte, additional, McInnis, Bronwyn, additional, Brook, Cara, additional, Williamson, Carolyn, additional, Anscombe, Catherine, additional, Pratt, Catherine B., additional, Scheepers, Cathrine, additional, Akoua-Koffi, Chantal G., additional, Agoti, Charles N., additional, Loucoubar, Cheikh, additional, Onwuamah, Chika Kingsley, additional, Ihekweazu, Chikwe, additional, Malaka, Christian Noël, additional, Peyrefitte, Christophe, additional, Omoruyi, Chukwuma Ewean, additional, Rafaï, Clotaire Donatien, additional, Morang’a, Collins M., additional, Nokes, D. James, additional, Lule, Daniel Bugembe, additional, Bridges, Daniel J., additional, Mukadi-Bamuleka, Daniel, additional, Park, Danny, additional, Baker, David, additional, Doolabh, Deelan, additional, Ssemwanga, Deogratius, additional, Tshiabuila, Derek, additional, Bassirou, Diarra, additional, Amuzu, Dominic S.Y., additional, Goedhals, Dominique, additional, Grant, Donald S., additional, Omuoyo, Donwilliams O., additional, Maruapula, Dorcas, additional, Wanjohi, Dorcas Waruguru, additional, Foster-Nyarko, Ebenezer, additional, Lusamaki, Eddy K., additional, Simulundu, Edgar, additional, Ong’era, Edidah M., additional, Ngabana, Edith N., additional, Abworo, Edward O., additional, Otieno, Edward, additional, Shumba, Edwin, additional, Barasa, Edwine, additional, Ahmed, El Bara, additional, Kampira, Elizabeth, additional, Fahime, Elmostafa El, additional, Lokilo, Emmanuel, additional, Mukantwari, Enatha, additional, Cyril, Erameh, additional, Philomena, Eromon, additional, Belarbi, Essia, additional, Simon-Loriere, Etienne, additional, Anoh, Etilé A., additional, Leendertz, Fabian, additional, Taweh, Fahn M., additional, Wasfi, Fares, additional, Abdelmoula, Fatma, additional, Takawira, Faustinos T., additional, Derrar, Fawzi, additional, Ajogbasile, Fehintola V, additional, Treurnicht, Florette, additional, Onikepe, Folarin, additional, Ntoumi, Francine, additional, Muyembe, Francisca M., additional, Ngiambudulu, Francisco, additional, Zongo Ragomzingba, Frank Edgard, additional, Dratibi, Fred Athanasius, additional, Iyanu, Fred-Akintunwa, additional, Mbunsu, Gabriel K., additional, Thilliez, Gaetan, additional, Kay, Gemma L., additional, Akpede, George O., additional, George, Uwem E., additional, van Zyl, Gert, additional, Awandare, Gordon A., additional, Schubert, Grit, additional, Maphalala, Gugu P., additional, Ranaivoson, Hafaliana C., additional, Lemriss, Hajar, additional, Omunakwe, Hannah E, additional, Onywera, Harris, additional, Abe, Haruka, additional, Karray, Hela, additional, Nansumba, Hellen, additional, Triki, Henda, additional, Adje Kadjo, Herve Albéric, additional, Elgahzaly, Hesham, additional, Gumbo, Hlanai, additional, mathieu, Hota, additional, Kavunga-Membo, Hugo, additional, Smeti, Ibtihel, additional, Olawoye, Idowu B., additional, Adetifa, Ifedayo, additional, Odia, Ikponmwosa, additional, Boubaker, Ilhem Boutiba-Ben, additional, Ssewanyana, Isaac, additional, Wurie, Isatta, additional, Konstantinus, Iyaloo S, additional, Afiwa Halatoko, Jacqueline Wemboo, additional, Ayei, James, additional, Sonoo, Janaki, additional, Lekana-Douki, Jean Bernard, additional, Makangara, Jean-Claude C., additional, Tamfum, Jean-Jacques M., additional, Heraud, Jean-Michel, additional, Shaffer, Jeffrey G., additional, Giandhari, Jennifer, additional, Musyoki, Jennifer, additional, Uwanibe, Jessica N., additional, Bhiman, Jinal N., additional, Yasuda, Jiro, additional, Morais, Joana, additional, Mends, Joana Q., additional, Kiconco, Jocelyn, additional, Sandi, John Demby, additional, Huddleston, John, additional, Odoom, John Kofi, additional, Morobe, John M., additional, Gyapong, John O., additional, Kayiwa, John T., additional, Okolie, Johnson C., additional, Xavier, Joicymara Santos, additional, Gyamfi, Jones, additional, Kofi Bonney, Joseph Humphrey, additional, Nyandwi, Joseph, additional, Everatt, Josie, additional, Farah, Jouali, additional, Nakaseegu, Joweria, additional, Ngoi, Joyce M., additional, Namulondo, Joyce, additional, Oguzie, Judith U., additional, Andeko, Julia C., additional, Lutwama, Julius J., additional, O’Grady, Justin, additional, Siddle, Katherine J, additional, Victoir, Kathleen, additional, Adeyemi, Kayode T., additional, Tumedi, Kefentse A., additional, Carvalho, Kevin Sanders, additional, Mohammed, Khadija Said, additional, Musonda, Kunda G., additional, Duedu, Kwabena O., additional, Belyamani, Lahcen, additional, Fki-Berrajah, Lamia, additional, Singh, Lavanya, additional, Biscornet, Leon, additional, de Oliveira Martins, Leonardo, additional, Chabuka, Lucious, additional, Olubayo, Luicer, additional, Deng, Lul Lojok, additional, Ochola-Oyier, Lynette Isabella, additional, Mine, Madisa, additional, Ramuth, Magalutcheemee, additional, Mastouri, Maha, additional, ElHefnawi, Mahmoud, additional, Mbanne, Maimouna, additional, Matsheka, Maitshwarelo I., additional, Kebabonye, Malebogo, additional, Diop, Mamadou, additional, Momoh, Mambu, additional, Lima Mendonça, Maria da Luz, additional, Venter, Marietjie, additional, Paye, Marietou F, additional, Faye, Martin, additional, Nyaga, Martin M., additional, Mareka, Mathabo, additional, Damaris, Matoke-Muhia, additional, Mburu, Maureen W., additional, Mpina, Maximillian, additional, Claujens Chastel, Mfoutou Mapanguy, additional, Owusu, Michael, additional, Wiley, Michael R., additional, Tatfeng, Mirabeau Youtchou, additional, Ayekaba, Mitoha Ondo’o, additional, Abouelhoda, Mohamed, additional, Beloufa, Mohamed Amine, additional, Seadawy, Mohamed G, additional, Khalifa, Mohamed K., additional, Dellagi, Mohammed Koussai, additional, Matobo, Mooko Marethabile, additional, Kane, Mouhamed, additional, Ouadghiri, Mouna, additional, Salou, Mounerou, additional, Mbulawa, Mphaphi B., additional, Saibu, Mudashiru Femi, additional, Mwenda, Mulenga, additional, Kaba, Muluken, additional, Phan, My V.T., additional, Abid, Nabil, additional, Touil, Nadia, additional, Rujeni, Nadine, additional, Ismael, Nalia, additional, Top, Ndeye Marieme, additional, Dia, Ndongo, additional, Mabunda, Nédio, additional, Hsiao, Nei-yuan, additional, Silochi, Nelson Boricó, additional, Saasa, Ngonda, additional, Bbosa, Nicholas, additional, Murunga, Nickson, additional, Gumede, Nicksy, additional, Wolter, Nicole, additional, Sitharam, Nikita, additional, Ndodo, Nnaemeka, additional, Ajayi, Nnennaya A., additional, Tordo, Noël, additional, Mbhele, Nokuzola, additional, Razanajatovo, Norosoa H, additional, Iguosadolo, Nosamiefan, additional, Mba, Nwando, additional, Kingsley, Ojide C., additional, Sylvanus, Okogbenin, additional, Peter, Okokhere, additional, Femi, Oladiji, additional, Testimony, Olumade, additional, Ogunsanya, Olusola Akinola, additional, Fakayode, Oluwatosin, additional, Ogah, Onwe E., additional, Faye, Ousmane, additional, Smith-Lawrence, Pamela, additional, Ondoa, Pascale, additional, Combe, Patrice, additional, Nabisubi, Patricia, additional, Semanda, Patrick, additional, Oluniyi, Paul E., additional, Arnaldo, Paulo, additional, Quashie, Peter Kojo, additional, Bejon, Philip, additional, Dussart, Philippe, additional, Bester, Phillip A., additional, Mbala, Placide K., additional, Kaleebu, Pontiano, additional, Abechi, Priscilla, additional, El-Shesheny, Rabeh, additional, Joseph, Rageema, additional, Aziz, Ramy Karam, additional, Essomba, René Ghislain, additional, Ayivor-Djanie, Reuben, additional, Njouom, Richard, additional, Phillips, Richard O., additional, Gorman, Richmond, additional, Kingsley, Robert A., additional, Audu, Rosemary, additional, Carr, Rosina A.A., additional, Kabbaj, Saâd El, additional, Gargouri, Saba, additional, Masmoudi, Saber, additional, Sankhe, Safietou, additional, Mohamed, Sahra Isse, additional, Mhalla, Salma, additional, Hosch, Salome, additional, Kassim, Samar Kamal, additional, Metha, Samar, additional, Trabelsi, Sameh, additional, Lemriss, Sanaâ, additional, Agwa, Sara Hassan, additional, Mwangi, Sarah Wambui, additional, Doumbia, Seydou, additional, Makiala-Mandanda, Sheila, additional, Aryeetey, Sherihane, additional, Ahmed, Shymaa S., additional, Ahmed, Sidi Mohamed, additional, Elhamoumi, Siham, additional, Moyo, Sikhulile, additional, Lutucuta, Silvia, additional, Gaseitsiwe, Simani, additional, Jalloh, Simbirie, additional, Andriamandimby, Soafy, additional, Oguntope, Sobajo, additional, Grayo, Solène, additional, Lekana-Douki, Sonia, additional, Prosolek, Sophie, additional, Ouangraoua, Soumeya, additional, van Wyk, Stephanie, additional, Schaffner, Stephen F., additional, Kanyerezi, Stephen, additional, Ahuka-Mundeke, Steve, additional, Rudder, Steven, additional, Pillay, Sureshnee, additional, Nabadda, Susan, additional, Behillil, Sylvie, additional, Budiaki, Sylvie L., additional, van der Werf, Sylvie, additional, Mashe, Tapfumanei, additional, Aanniz, Tarik, additional, Mohale, Thabo, additional, Le-Viet, Thanh, additional, Velavan, Thirumalaisamy P., additional, Schindler, Tobias, additional, Maponga, Tongai, additional, Bedford, Trevor, additional, Anyaneji, Ugochukwu J., additional, Chinedu, Ugwu, additional, Ramphal, Upasana, additional, Enouf, Vincent, additional, Nene, Vishvanath, additional, Gorova, Vivianne, additional, Roshdy, Wael H., additional, Karim, Wasim Abdul, additional, Ampofo, William K., additional, Preiser, Wolfgang, additional, Choga, Wonderful T., additional, Ahmed, Yahaya Ali, additional, Ramphal, Yajna, additional, Bediako, Yaw, additional, Naidoo, Yeshnee, additional, Butera, Yvan, additional, de Laurent, Zaydah R., additional, Ouma, Ahmed E.O., additional, von Gottberg, Anne, additional, Githinji, George, additional, Moeti, Matshidiso, additional, Tomori, Oyewale, additional, Sabeti, Pardis C., additional, Sall, Amadou A., additional, Oyola, Samuel O., additional, Tebeje, Yenew K., additional, Tessema, Sofonias K., additional, de Oliveira, Tulio, additional, Happi, Christian, additional, Lessells, Richard, additional, Nkengasong, John, additional, and Wilkinson, Eduan, additional

Published
2022
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2. A year of genomic surveillance reveals how the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic unfolded in Africa

Author

Wilkinson, Eduan, primary, Giovanetti, Marta, additional, Tegally, Houriiyah, additional, San, James E., additional, Lessells, Richard, additional, Cuadros, Diego, additional, Martin, Darren P., additional, Rasmussen, David A., additional, Zekri, Abdel-Rahman N., additional, Sangare, Abdoul K., additional, Ouedraogo, Abdoul-Salam, additional, Sesay, Abdul K., additional, Priscilla, Abechi, additional, Kemi, Adedotun-Sulaiman, additional, Olubusuyi, Adewunmi M., additional, Oluwapelumi, Adeyemi O. O., additional, Hammami, Adnène, additional, Amuri, Adrienne A., additional, Sayed, Ahmad, additional, Ouma, Ahmed E. O., additional, Elargoubi, Aida, additional, Ajayi, Nnennaya A., additional, Victoria, Ajogbasile F., additional, Kazeem, Akano, additional, George, Akpede, additional, Trotter, Alexander J., additional, Yahaya, Ali A., additional, Keita, Alpha K., additional, Diallo, Amadou, additional, Kone, Amadou, additional, Souissi, Amal, additional, Chtourou, Amel, additional, Gutierrez, Ana V., additional, Page, Andrew J., additional, Vinze, Anika, additional, Iranzadeh, Arash, additional, Lambisia, Arnold, additional, Ismail, Arshad, additional, Rosemary, Audu, additional, Sylverken, Augustina, additional, Femi, Ayoade, additional, Ibrahimi, Azeddine, additional, Marycelin, Baba, additional, Oderinde, Bamidele S., additional, Bolajoko, Bankole, additional, Dhaala, Beatrice, additional, Herring, Belinda L., additional, Njanpop-Lafourcade, Berthe-Marie, additional, Kleinhans, Bronwyn, additional, McInnis, Bronwyn, additional, Tegomoh, Bryan, additional, Brook, Cara, additional, Pratt, Catherine B., additional, Scheepers, Cathrine, additional, Akoua-Koffi, Chantal G., additional, Agoti, Charles N., additional, Peyrefitte, Christophe, additional, Daubenberger, Claudia, additional, Morang’a, Collins M., additional, Nokes, D. James, additional, Amoako, Daniel G., additional, Bugembe, Daniel L., additional, Park, Danny, additional, Baker, David, additional, Doolabh, Deelan, additional, Ssemwanga, Deogratius, additional, Tshiabuila, Derek, additional, Bassirou, Diarra, additional, Amuzu, Dominic S. Y., additional, Goedhals, Dominique, additional, Omuoyo, Donwilliams O., additional, Maruapula, Dorcas, additional, Foster-Nyarko, Ebenezer, additional, Lusamaki, Eddy K., additional, Simulundu, Edgar, additional, Ong’era, Edidah M., additional, Ngabana, Edith N., additional, Shumba, Edwin, additional, El Fahime, Elmostafa, additional, Lokilo, Emmanuel, additional, Mukantwari, Enatha, additional, Philomena, Eromon, additional, Belarbi, Essia, additional, Simon-Loriere, Etienne, additional, Anoh, Etilé A., additional, Leendertz, Fabian, additional, Ajili, Faida, additional, Enoch, Fakayode O., additional, Wasfi, Fares, additional, Abdelmoula, Fatma, additional, Mosha, Fausta S., additional, Takawira, Faustinos T., additional, Derrar, Fawzi, additional, Bouzid, Feriel, additional, Onikepe, Folarin, additional, Adeola, Fowotade, additional, Muyembe, Francisca M., additional, Tanser, Frank, additional, Dratibi, Fred A., additional, Mbunsu, Gabriel K., additional, Thilliez, Gaetan, additional, Kay, Gemma L., additional, Githinji, George, additional, van Zyl, Gert, additional, Awandare, Gordon A., additional, Schubert, Grit, additional, Maphalala, Gugu P., additional, Ranaivoson, Hafaliana C., additional, Lemriss, Hajar, additional, Anise, Happi, additional, Abe, Haruka, additional, Karray, Hela H., additional, Nansumba, Hellen, additional, Elgahzaly, Hesham A., additional, Gumbo, Hlanai, additional, Smeti, Ibtihel, additional, Ayed, Ikhlas B., additional, Odia, Ikponmwosa, additional, Ben Boubaker, Ilhem Boutiba, additional, Gaaloul, Imed, additional, Gazy, Inbal, additional, Mudau, Innocent, additional, Ssewanyana, Isaac, additional, Konstantinus, Iyaloo, additional, Lekana-Douk, Jean B., additional, Makangara, Jean-Claude C., additional, Tamfum, Jean-Jacques M., additional, Heraud, Jean-Michel, additional, Shaffer, Jeffrey G., additional, Giandhari, Jennifer, additional, Li, Jingjing, additional, Yasuda, Jiro, additional, Mends, Joana Q., additional, Kiconco, Jocelyn, additional, Morobe, John M., additional, Gyapong, John O., additional, Okolie, Johnson C., additional, Kayiwa, John T., additional, Edwards, Johnathan A., additional, Gyamfi, Jones, additional, Farah, Jouali, additional, Nakaseegu, Joweria, additional, Ngoi, Joyce M., additional, Namulondo, Joyce, additional, Andeko, Julia C., additional, Lutwama, Julius J., additional, O’Grady, Justin, additional, Siddle, Katherine, additional, Adeyemi, Kayode T., additional, Tumedi, Kefentse A., additional, Said, Khadija M., additional, Hae-Young, Kim, additional, Duedu, Kwabena O., additional, Belyamani, Lahcen, additional, Fki-Berrajah, Lamia, additional, Singh, Lavanya, additional, Martins, Leonardo de O., additional, Tyers, Lynn, additional, Ramuth, Magalutcheemee, additional, Mastouri, Maha, additional, Aouni, Mahjoub, additional, el Hefnawi, Mahmoud, additional, Matsheka, Maitshwarelo I., additional, Kebabonye, Malebogo, additional, Diop, Mamadou, additional, Turki, Manel, additional, Paye, Marietou, additional, Nyaga, Martin M., additional, Mareka, Mathabo, additional, Damaris, Matoke-Muhia, additional, Mburu, Maureen W., additional, Mpina, Maximillian, additional, Nwando, Mba, additional, Owusu, Michael, additional, Wiley, Michael R., additional, Youtchou, Mirabeau T., additional, Ayekaba, Mitoha O., additional, Abouelhoda, Mohamed, additional, Seadawy, Mohamed G., additional, Khalifa, Mohamed K., additional, Sekhele, Mooko, additional, Ouadghiri, Mouna, additional, Diagne, Moussa M., additional, Mwenda, Mulenga, additional, Allam, Mushal, additional, Phan, My V. T., additional, Abid, Nabil, additional, Touil, Nadia, additional, Rujeni, Nadine, additional, Kharrat, Najla, additional, Ismael, Nalia, additional, Dia, Ndongo, additional, Mabunda, Nedio, additional, Hsiao, Nei-yuan, additional, Silochi, Nelson B., additional, Nsenga, Ngoy, additional, Gumede, Nicksy, additional, Mulder, Nicola, additional, Ndodo, Nnaemeka, additional, Razanajatovo, Norosoa H, additional, Iguosadolo, Nosamiefan, additional, Judith, Oguzie, additional, Kingsley, Ojide C., additional, Sylvanus, Okogbenin, additional, Peter, Okokhere, additional, Femi, Oladiji, additional, Idowu, Olawoye, additional, Testimony, Olumade, additional, Chukwuma, Omoruyi E., additional, Ogah, Onwe E., additional, Onwuamah, Chika K., additional, Cyril, Oshomah, additional, Faye, Ousmane, additional, Tomori, Oyewale, additional, Ondoa, Pascale, additional, Combe, Patrice, additional, Semanda, Patrick, additional, Oluniyi, Paul E., additional, Arnaldo, Paulo, additional, Quashie, Peter K., additional, Dussart, Philippe, additional, Bester, Phillip A., additional, Mbala, Placide K., additional, Ayivor-Djanie, Reuben, additional, Njouom, Richard, additional, Phillips, Richard O., additional, Gorman, Richmond, additional, Kingsley, Robert A., additional, Carr, Rosina A. A., additional, El Kabbaj, Saâd, additional, Gargouri, Saba, additional, Masmoudi, Saber, additional, Sankhe, Safietou, additional, Lawal, Salako B., additional, Kassim, Samar, additional, Trabelsi, Sameh, additional, Metha, Samar, additional, Kammoun, Sami, additional, Lemriss, Sanaâ, additional, Agwa, Sara H. A., additional, Calvignac-Spencer, Sébastien, additional, Schaffner, Stephen F., additional, Doumbia, Seydou, additional, Mandanda, Sheila M., additional, Aryeetey, Sherihane, additional, Ahmed, Shymaa S., additional, Elhamoumi, Siham, additional, Andriamandimby, Soafy, additional, Tope, Sobajo, additional, Lekana-Douki, Sonia, additional, Prosolek, Sophie, additional, Ouangraoua, Soumeya, additional, Mundeke, Steve A., additional, Rudder, Steven, additional, Panji, Sumir, additional, Pillay, Sureshnee, additional, Engelbrecht, Susan, additional, Nabadda, Susan, additional, Behillil, Sylvie, additional, Budiaki, Sylvie L., additional, van der Werf, Sylvie, additional, Mashe, Tapfumanei, additional, Aanniz, Tarik, additional, Mohale, Thabo, additional, Le-Viet, Thanh, additional, Schindler, Tobias, additional, Anyaneji, Ugochukwu J., additional, Chinedu, Ugwu, additional, Ramphal, Upasana, additional, Jessica, Uwanibe, additional, George, Uwem, additional, Fonseca, Vagner, additional, Enouf, Vincent, additional, Gorova, Vivianne, additional, Roshdy, Wael H., additional, Ampofo, William K., additional, Preiser, Wolfgang, additional, Choga, Wonderful T., additional, Bediako, Yaw, additional, Naidoo, Yeshnee, additional, Butera, Yvan, additional, de Laurent, Zaydah R., additional, Sall, Amadou A., additional, Rebai, Ahmed, additional, von Gottberg, Anne, additional, Kouriba, Bourema, additional, Williamson, Carolyn, additional, Bridges, Daniel J., additional, Chikwe, Ihekweazu, additional, Bhiman, Jinal N., additional, Mine, Madisa, additional, Cotten, Matthew, additional, Moyo, Sikhulile, additional, Gaseitsiwe, Simani, additional, Saasa, Ngonda, additional, Sabeti, Pardis C., additional, Kaleebu, Pontiano, additional, Tebeje, Yenew K., additional, Tessema, Sofonias K., additional, Happi, Christian, additional, Nkengasong, John, additional, and de Oliveira, Tulio, additional

Published
2021
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3. Tracking the international spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.351/501Y-V2 with grinch

Author

Hill, Verity, O'Toole, Áine, Pybus, Oliver G, Watts, Alexander, Bogoch, Issac I, Khan, Kamran, Messina, Jane P, Tegally, Houriiyah, Lessells, Richard R, Giandhari, Jennifer, Pillay, Sureshnee, Tumedi, Kefentse Arnold, Nyepetsi, Gape, Kebabonye, Malebogo, Matsheka, Maitshwarelo, Mine, Madisa, Tokajian, Sima, Hassan, Hamad, Salloum, Tamara, Merhi, Georgi, Koweyes, Jad, Geoghegan, Jemma L, de Ligt, Joep, Ren, Xiaoyun, Storey, Matthew, Freed, Nikki E, Pattabiraman, Chitra, Prasad, Pramada, Desai, Anita S, Vasanthapuram, Ravi, Schulz, Thomas F, Steinbrück, Lars, Stadler, Tanja, Parisi, Antonio, Bianco, Angelica, García de Viedma, Darío, Buenestado-Serrano, Sergio, Borges, Vítor, Isidro, Joana, Duarte, Sílvia, Gomes, João Paulo, Zuckerman, Neta S, Mandelboim, Michal, Mor, Orna, Seemann, Torsten, Sikkema, Reina S, Oude Munnink, Bas, Koopmans, Marion, Eggink, Dirk, Reusken, Chantal, Hill, Verity, O'Toole, Áine, Pybus, Oliver G, Watts, Alexander, Bogoch, Issac I, Khan, Kamran, Messina, Jane P, Tegally, Houriiyah, Lessells, Richard R, Giandhari, Jennifer, Pillay, Sureshnee, Tumedi, Kefentse Arnold, Nyepetsi, Gape, Kebabonye, Malebogo, Matsheka, Maitshwarelo, Mine, Madisa, Tokajian, Sima, Hassan, Hamad, Salloum, Tamara, Merhi, Georgi, Koweyes, Jad, Geoghegan, Jemma L, de Ligt, Joep, Ren, Xiaoyun, Storey, Matthew, Freed, Nikki E, Pattabiraman, Chitra, Prasad, Pramada, Desai, Anita S, Vasanthapuram, Ravi, Schulz, Thomas F, Steinbrück, Lars, Stadler, Tanja, Parisi, Antonio, Bianco, Angelica, García de Viedma, Darío, Buenestado-Serrano, Sergio, Borges, Vítor, Isidro, Joana, Duarte, Sílvia, Gomes, João Paulo, Zuckerman, Neta S, Mandelboim, Michal, Mor, Orna, Seemann, Torsten, Sikkema, Reina S, Oude Munnink, Bas, Koopmans, Marion, Eggink, Dirk, and Reusken, Chantal

Abstract

Late in 2020, two genetically-distinct clusters of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with mutations of biological concern were reported, one in the United Kingdom and one in South Africa. Using a combination of data from routine surveillance, genomic sequencing and international travel we track the international dispersal of lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 (variant 501Y-V2). We account for potential biases in genomic surveillance efforts by including passenger volumes from location of where the lineage was first reported, London and South Africa respectively. Using the software tool grinch (global report investigating novel coronavirus haplotypes), we track the international spread of lineages of concern with automated daily reports, Further, we have built a custom tracking website (cov-lineages.org/global_report.html) which hosts this daily report and will continue to include novel SARS-CoV-2 lineages of concern as they are detected.

Published
2021

4. Tracking the international spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.351/501Y-V2

Author

O'Toole, Áine, Kraemer, Moritz U.G., Hill, Verity, Pybus, Oliver G., Watts, Alexander, Bogoch, Issac I., Khan, Kamran, Messina, Jane P., Tegally, Houriiyah, Lessells, Richard R., Giandhari, Jennifer, Pillay, Sureshnee, Tumedi, Kefentse Arnold, Nyepetsi, Gape, Kebabonye, Malebogo, Matsheka, Maitshwarelo, Mine, Madisa, Tokajian, Sima, Hassan, Hamad, Salloum, Tamara, Merhi, Georgi, Koweyes, Jad, Geoghegan, Jemma L., de Ligt, Joep, Ren, Xiaoyun, Storey, Matthew, Freed, Nikki E., Pattabiraman, Chitra, Prasad, Pramada, Desai, Anita S., Vasanthapuram, Ravi, Schulz, Thomas F., Steinbrück, Lars, Stadler, Tanja, Parisi, Antonio, Bianco, Angelica, García de Viedma, Darío, Buenestado-Serrano, Sergio, Borges, Vítor, Isidro, Joana, Duarte, Sílvia, Gomes, João Paulo, Zuckerman, Neta S., Mandelboim, Michal, Mor, Orna, Sikkema, Reina S., Oude Munnink, Bas, Koopmans, Marion, Eggink, Dirk, Reusken, Chantal, O'Toole, Áine, Kraemer, Moritz U.G., Hill, Verity, Pybus, Oliver G., Watts, Alexander, Bogoch, Issac I., Khan, Kamran, Messina, Jane P., Tegally, Houriiyah, Lessells, Richard R., Giandhari, Jennifer, Pillay, Sureshnee, Tumedi, Kefentse Arnold, Nyepetsi, Gape, Kebabonye, Malebogo, Matsheka, Maitshwarelo, Mine, Madisa, Tokajian, Sima, Hassan, Hamad, Salloum, Tamara, Merhi, Georgi, Koweyes, Jad, Geoghegan, Jemma L., de Ligt, Joep, Ren, Xiaoyun, Storey, Matthew, Freed, Nikki E., Pattabiraman, Chitra, Prasad, Pramada, Desai, Anita S., Vasanthapuram, Ravi, Schulz, Thomas F., Steinbrück, Lars, Stadler, Tanja, Parisi, Antonio, Bianco, Angelica, García de Viedma, Darío, Buenestado-Serrano, Sergio, Borges, Vítor, Isidro, Joana, Duarte, Sílvia, Gomes, João Paulo, Zuckerman, Neta S., Mandelboim, Michal, Mor, Orna, Sikkema, Reina S., Oude Munnink, Bas, Koopmans, Marion, Eggink, Dirk, and Reusken, Chantal

Abstract

Late in 2020, two genetically-distinct clusters of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with mutations of biological concern were reported, one in the United Kingdom and one in South Africa. Using a combination of data from routine surveillance, genomic sequencing and international travel we track the international dispersal of lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 (variant 501Y-V2). We account for potential biases in genomic surveillance efforts by including passenger volumes from location of where the lineage was first reported, London and South Africa respectively. Using the software tool grinch (global report investigating novel coronavirus haplotypes), we track the international spread of lineages of concern with automated daily reports, Further, we have built a custom tracking website (cov-lineages.org/global_report.html) which hosts this daily report and will continue to include novel SARS-CoV-2 lineages of concern as they are detected.

Published
2021

5. Phylogenetic analyses and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter spp. from diarrhoeal patients and chickens in Botswana

Author

de Vries, Stefan P. W., Vurayai, Moses, Holmes, Mark, Gupta, Srishti, Bateman, Michael, Goldfarb, David, Maskell, Duncan J., Matsheka, Maitshwarelo Ignatius, Grant, Andrew J., Grant, Andrew J [0000-0001-9746-2989], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
Male, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Poultry, Campylobacter Infections, Medicine and Health Sciences, Gamefowl, Phylogeny, Data Management, Botswana, Eukaryota, Agriculture, Phylogenetic Analysis, Genomics, Bacterial Pathogens, Phylogenetics, Medical Microbiology, Vertebrates, Medicine, Female, Pathogens, Research Article, Diarrhea, Computer and Information Sciences, Livestock, Science, Microbiology, Birds, Microbial Control, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Genetics, Life Science, Animals, Humans, Evolutionary Systematics, Host-Microbe Interactomics, Microbial Pathogens, Poultry Diseases, Taxonomy, Pharmacology, Evolutionary Biology, Bacteria, Organisms, Biology and Life Sciences, Computational Biology, Campylobacter, Genome Analysis, Fowl, Amniotes, Antimicrobial Resistance, Chickens
Abstract

Campylobacter spp. are a leading cause of bacterial enteritis worldwide, including countries in Africa, and have been identified by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as one of the high priority antimicrobial resistant pathogens. However, at present there is little knowledge on the prevalence, molecular epidemiology or antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. isolates in Botswana, both in patients and in the zoonotic context. Some data indicate that ~14% of diarrhoeal disease cases in a paediatric setting can be ascribed to Campylobacter spp., urging the need for the magnitude of Campylobacter-associated diarrhoea to be established. In this survey, we have characterised the genomic diversity of Campylobacter spp. circulating in Botswana isolated from cases of diarrhoeal disease in humans (n = 20) and from those that colonised commercial broiler (n = 35) and free-range (n = 35) chickens. Phylogeny showed that the Campylobacter spp. isolated from the different poultry and human sources were highly related, suggesting that zoonotic transmission has likely occurred. We found that for Campylobacter spp. isolated from humans, broilers and free-range chickens, 52% was positive for tetO, 47% for gyrA-T86I, 72% for blaOXA-61, with 27% carrying all three resistance determinants. No 23S mutations conferring macrolide resistance were detected in this survey. In summary, our study provides insight into Campylobacter spp. in poultry reservoirs and in diarrhoeal patients, and the relevance for treatment regimens in Botswana.

Published
2018

6. Phylogenetic analyses and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter spp. from diarrhoeal patients and chickens in Botswana

Author

De Vries, Stefan P.W., Vurayai, Moses, Holmes, Mark, Gupta, Srishti, Bateman, Michael, Goldfarb, David, Maskell, Duncan J., Matsheka, Maitshwarelo Ignatius, Grant, Andrew J., De Vries, Stefan P.W., Vurayai, Moses, Holmes, Mark, Gupta, Srishti, Bateman, Michael, Goldfarb, David, Maskell, Duncan J., Matsheka, Maitshwarelo Ignatius, and Grant, Andrew J.

Abstract

Campylobacter spp. are a leading cause of bacterial enteritis worldwide, including countries in Africa, and have been identified by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as one of the high priority antimicrobial resistant pathogens. However, at present there is little knowledge on the prevalence, molecular epidemiology or antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. isolates in Botswana, both in patients and in the zoonotic context. Some data indicate that ~14% of diarrhoeal disease cases in a paediatric setting can be ascribed to Campylobacter spp., urging the need for the magnitude of Campylobacter-associated diarrhoea to be established. In this survey, we have characterised the genomic diversity of Campylobacter spp. circulating in Botswana isolated from cases of diarrhoeal disease in humans (n = 20) and from those that colonised commercial broiler (n = 35) and free-range (n = 35) chickens. Phylogeny showed that the Campylobacter spp. isolated from the different poultry and human sources were highly related, suggesting that zoonotic transmission has likely occurred. We found that for Campylobacter spp. isolated from humans, broilers and free-range chickens, 52% was positive for tetO, 47% for gyrA-T86I, 72% for blaOXA-61, with 27% carrying all three resistance determinants. No 23S mutations conferring macrolide resistance were detected in this survey. In summary, our study provides insight into Campylobacter spp. in poultry reservoirs and in diarrhoeal patients, and the relevance for treatment regimens in Botswana.

Published
2018

7. Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in food from selected African countries – a meta-analysis

Author

Paudyal, Narayan, Anihouvi, Victor, Hounhouigan, Joseph, Matsheka, Maitshwarelo Ignatius, Sekwati-Monang, Bonno, Amoa-Awua, Wisdom, Atter, Amy, Ackah, Nina Bernice, Mbugua, Samuel, Asagbra, Agnes, Abdelgadir, Warda, Nakavuma, Jesca, Jakobsen, Mogens, Fang, Weihuan, Paudyal, Narayan, Anihouvi, Victor, Hounhouigan, Joseph, Matsheka, Maitshwarelo Ignatius, Sekwati-Monang, Bonno, Amoa-Awua, Wisdom, Atter, Amy, Ackah, Nina Bernice, Mbugua, Samuel, Asagbra, Agnes, Abdelgadir, Warda, Nakavuma, Jesca, Jakobsen, Mogens, and Fang, Weihuan

Abstract

Food safety information in the African region is insufficient and fragmented due to lack of surveillance, documentation and reporting, thereby resulting in inefficient utilization of resources, duplication of activities, and lack of synergy among the countries of the region. This paper reviews the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in seven African countries (Benin, Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan and Uganda) from papers in regional or international journals published between January 2000 and December 2015. One hundred and sixteen publications that dealt with food microbiology were reviewed for general analysis, while 66 papers on contamination of pathogenic bacteria were used for meta-analysis of prevalence. The food items were split into two categories: raw foods and ready-to-eat (RTE) foods (including street food and beverages) for meta-analysis. Majority of the reviewed studies (67.2%, 78/116) dealt with food of animal origin: 38.8% for meat and eggs, 17.2% for dairy products and 11.2% for aquatic products. Only 8.6% examined foods of plant origin (fruits and vegetables). The remaining 24.1% was the composite RTE food and beverages. Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes were the most frequently reported organisms in those studies. Although the data were highly heterogeneous, a striking feature is high prevalence of the major pathogens in RTE foods, almost as high as in raw foods. E. coli averaged at 37.6% in raw foods and 31.6% in RTE foods. The corresponding prevalence for Salmonella was 19.9% vs 21.7%; S. aureus, 27.8% vs 25.1% and L. monocytogenes, 19.5% vs 6.7%. The average prevalence of foodborne pathogens in these countries was 34.2% (29.0–39.3%). Differences in food types as well as non-uniform protocols for sampling and identification might have contributed to high heterogeneity (I2 > 97%) although some high prevalence data could be factual with extensive varieties of raw and RTE foods, Food safety information in the African region is insufficient and fragmented due to lack of surveillance, documentation and reporting, thereby resulting in inefficient utilization of resources, duplication of activities, and lack of synergy among the countries of the region. This paper reviews the prevalence of foodborne pathogens in seven African countries (Benin, Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Nigeria, Sudan and Uganda) from papers in regional or international journals published between January 2000 and December 2015. One hundred and sixteen publications that dealt with food microbiology were reviewed for general analysis, while 66 papers on contamination of pathogenic bacteria were used for meta-analysis of prevalence. The food items were split into two categories: raw foods and ready-to-eat (RTE) foods (including street food and beverages) for meta-analysis. Majority of the reviewed studies (67.2%, 78/116) dealt with food of animal origin: 38.8% for meat and eggs, 17.2% for dairy products and 11.2% for aquatic products. Only 8.6% examined foods of plant origin (fruits and vegetables). The remaining 24.1% was the composite RTE food and beverages. Enterobacteriaceae, Escherichia coli, Salmonella, Staphylococcus aureus and Listeria monocytogenes were the most frequently reported organisms in those studies. Although the data were highly heterogeneous, a striking feature is high prevalence of the major pathogens in RTE foods, almost as high as in raw foods. E. coli averaged at 37.6% in raw foods and 31.6% in RTE foods. The corresponding prevalence for Salmonella was 19.9% vs 21.7%; S. aureus, 27.8% vs 25.1% and L. monocytogenes, 19.5% vs 6.7%. The average prevalence of foodborne pathogens in these countries was 34.2% (29.0–39.3%). Differences in food types as well as non-uniform protocols for sampling and identification might have contributed to high heterogeneity (I2 > 97%) although some high prevalence data could be factual with extensive varieties of raw

Published
2017

8. Prevalence of foodborne pathogens in food from selected African countries – A meta-analysis

Author

Paudyal, Narayan, primary, Anihouvi, Victor, additional, Hounhouigan, Joseph, additional, Matsheka, Maitshwarelo Ignatius, additional, Sekwati-Monang, Bonno, additional, Amoa-Awua, Wisdom, additional, Atter, Amy, additional, Ackah, Nina Bernice, additional, Mbugua, Samuel, additional, Asagbra, Agnes, additional, Abdelgadir, Warda, additional, Nakavuma, Jesca, additional, Jakobsen, Mogens, additional, and Fang, Weihuan, additional

Published
2017
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12. Prevalence and Antimicrobial Susceptibility of SalmonellaIsolated from a Variety of Raw Meat Sausages in Gaborone (Botswana) Retail Stores

Author

SAMAXA, RONALD GAELEKOLWE, MATSHEKA, MAITSHWARELO IGNATIUS, MPOLOKA, SUNUNGUKO WATA, and GASHE, BERHANU ABEGAZ

Abstract

The objective of the study was to provide baseline data on the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of Salmonellain different types of raw meat sausages directly accessible to the consumers in Gaborone, Botswana. A total of 300 raw sausages comprising 79 beef, 78 pork, 72 chicken, and 71 mutton samples were concurrently analyzed for the presence of Salmonellausing a conventional culture method and a validated PCR method. The PCR assay results were in full concordance with those of the conventional culture method for the detection of Salmonella.Sixty-five (21.7%) of 300 samples were positive for Salmonellaby both the conventional culture method and PCR assay. Even though more chicken samples contained Salmonellathan did any other sausage type, the difference in the presence of Salmonellaamong the four sausages types was not significant. Eleven serotypes were identified, and Salmonella entericasubsp. salamaeII was most prevalent in all the sausage types. Beef sausages generally had higher mesophilic bacterial counts than did the other three sausage types. However, higher microbial counts were not reflective of the presence of salmonellae. Susceptibility of the Salmonella entericaserotypes to 20 antimicrobial agents was determined, and SalmonellaMuenchen was resistant to the widest array of agents and was mostly isolated from chicken sausages. Regardless of the meat of origin, all 65 Salmonellaisolates were resistant to at least four antimicrobial agents: amikacin, gentamicin, cefuroxime, and tombramycin. This resistance profile group was the most common in all four sausage types, comprising 90% of all Salmonellaisolates from beef, 71% from pork, 63% from mutton, and 35% from chicken. These results suggest that raw sausages pose a risk of transmitting multidrug-resistant Salmonellaisolates to consumers.

Published
2012
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13. Phylogenetic analyses and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter spp. from diarrhoeal patients and chickens in Botswana

Author

De Vries, Stefan PW, Vurayai, Moses, Holmes, Mark, Gupta, Srishti, Bateman, Michael, Goldfarb, David, Maskell, Duncan J, Matsheka, Maitshwarelo Ignatius, and Grant, Andrew J

Subjects
2. Zero hunger, Diarrhea, Male, Botswana, Campylobacter, 3. Good health, Campylobacter Infections, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Animals, Humans, Female, Chickens, Phylogeny, Poultry Diseases
Abstract

Campylobacter spp. are a leading cause of bacterial enteritis worldwide, including countries in Africa, and have been identified by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as one of the high priority antimicrobial resistant pathogens. However, at present there is little knowledge on the prevalence, molecular epidemiology or antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. isolates in Botswana, both in patients and in the zoonotic context. Some data indicate that ~14% of diarrhoeal disease cases in a paediatric setting can be ascribed to Campylobacter spp., urging the need for the magnitude of Campylobacter-associated diarrhoea to be established. In this survey, we have characterised the genomic diversity of Campylobacter spp. circulating in Botswana isolated from cases of diarrhoeal disease in humans (n = 20) and from those that colonised commercial broiler (n = 35) and free-range (n = 35) chickens. Phylogeny showed that the Campylobacter spp. isolated from the different poultry and human sources were highly related, suggesting that zoonotic transmission has likely occurred. We found that for Campylobacter spp. isolated from humans, broilers and free-range chickens, 52% was positive for tetO, 47% for gyrA-T86I, 72% for blaOXA-61, with 27% carrying all three resistance determinants. No 23S mutations conferring macrolide resistance were detected in this survey. In summary, our study provides insight into Campylobacter spp. in poultry reservoirs and in diarrhoeal patients, and the relevance for treatment regimens in Botswana.

14. The evolving SARS-CoV-2 epidemic in Africa: Insights from rapidly expanding genomic surveillance.

Author

Tegally H, San JE, Cotten M, Moir M, Tegomoh B, Mboowa G, Martin DP, Baxter C, Lambisia AW, Diallo A, Amoako DG, Diagne MM, Sisay A, Zekri AN, Gueye AS, Sangare AK, Ouedraogo AS, Sow A, Musa AO, Sesay AK, Abias AG, Elzagheid AI, Lagare A, Kemi AS, Abar AE, Johnson AA, Fowotade A, Oluwapelumi AO, Amuri AA, Juru A, Kandeil A, Mostafa A, Rebai A, Sayed A, Kazeem A, Balde A, Christoffels A, Trotter AJ, Campbell A, Keita AK, Kone A, Bouzid A, Souissi A, Agweyu A, Naguib A, Gutierrez AV, Nkeshimana A, Page AJ, Yadouleton A, Vinze A, Happi AN, Chouikha A, Iranzadeh A, Maharaj A, Batchi-Bouyou AL, Ismail A, Sylverken AA, Goba A, Femi A, Sijuwola AE, Marycelin B, Salako BL, Oderinde BS, Bolajoko B, Diarra B, Herring BL, Tsofa B, Lekana-Douki B, Mvula B, Njanpop-Lafourcade BM, Marondera BT, Khaireh BA, Kouriba B, Adu B, Pool B, McInnis B, Brook C, Williamson C, Nduwimana C, Anscombe C, Pratt CB, Scheepers C, Akoua-Koffi CG, Agoti CN, Mapanguy CM, Loucoubar C, Onwuamah CK, Ihekweazu C, Malaka CN, Peyrefitte C, Grace C, Omoruyi CE, Rafaï CD, Morang'a CM, Erameh C, Lule DB, Bridges DJ, Mukadi-Bamuleka D, Park D, Rasmussen DA, Baker D, Nokes DJ, Ssemwanga D, Tshiabuila D, Amuzu DSY, Goedhals D, Grant DS, Omuoyo DO, Maruapula D, Wanjohi DW, Foster-Nyarko E, Lusamaki EK, Simulundu E, Ong'era EM, Ngabana EN, Abworo EO, Otieno E, Shumba E, Barasa E, Ahmed EB, Ahmed EA, Lokilo E, Mukantwari E, Philomena E, Belarbi E, Simon-Loriere E, Anoh EA, Manuel E, Leendertz F, Taweh FM, Wasfi F, Abdelmoula F, Takawira FT, Derrar F, Ajogbasile FV, Treurnicht F, Onikepe F, Ntoumi F, Muyembe FM, Ragomzingba FEZ, Dratibi FA, Iyanu FA, Mbunsu GK, Thilliez G, Kay GL, Akpede GO, van Zyl GU, Awandare GA, Kpeli GS, Schubert G, Maphalala GP, Ranaivoson HC, Omunakwe HE, Onywera H, Abe H, Karray H, Nansumba H, Triki H, Kadjo HAA, Elgahzaly H, Gumbo H, Mathieu H, Kavunga-Membo H, Smeti I, Olawoye IB, Adetifa IMO, Odia I, Ben Boubaker IB, Muhammad IA, Ssewanyana I, Wurie I, Konstantinus IS, Halatoko JWA, Ayei J, Sonoo J, Makangara JC, Tamfum JM, Heraud JM, Shaffer JG, Giandhari J, Musyoki J, Nkurunziza J, Uwanibe JN, Bhiman JN, Yasuda J, Morais J, Kiconco J, Sandi JD, Huddleston J, Odoom JK, Morobe JM, Gyapong JO, Kayiwa JT, Okolie JC, Xavier JS, Gyamfi J, Wamala JF, Bonney JHK, Nyandwi J, Everatt J, Nakaseegu J, Ngoi JM, Namulondo J, Oguzie JU, Andeko JC, Lutwama JJ, Mogga JJH, O'Grady J, Siddle KJ, Victoir K, Adeyemi KT, Tumedi KA, Carvalho KS, Mohammed KS, Dellagi K, Musonda KG, Duedu KO, Fki-Berrajah L, Singh L, Kepler LM, Biscornet L, de Oliveira Martins L, Chabuka L, Olubayo L, Ojok LD, Deng LL, Ochola-Oyier LI, Tyers L, Mine M, Ramuth M, Mastouri M, ElHefnawi M, Mbanne M, Matsheka MI, Kebabonye M, Diop M, Momoh M, Lima Mendonça MDL, Venter M, Paye MF, Faye M, Nyaga MM, Mareka M, Damaris MM, Mburu MW, Mpina MG, Owusu M, Wiley MR, Tatfeng MY, Ayekaba MO, Abouelhoda M, Beloufa MA, Seadawy MG, Khalifa MK, Matobo MM, Kane M, Salou M, Mbulawa MB, Mwenda M, Allam M, Phan MVT, Abid N, Rujeni N, Abuzaid N, Ismael N, Elguindy N, Top NM, Dia N, Mabunda N, Hsiao NY, Silochi NB, Francisco NM, Saasa N, Bbosa N, Murunga N, Gumede N, Wolter N, Sitharam N, Ndodo N, Ajayi NA, Tordo N, Mbhele N, Razanajatovo NH, Iguosadolo N, Mba N, Kingsley OC, Sylvanus O, Femi O, Adewumi OM, Testimony O, Ogunsanya OA, Fakayode O, Ogah OE, Oludayo OE, Faye O, Smith-Lawrence P, Ondoa P, Combe P, Nabisubi P, Semanda P, Oluniyi PE, Arnaldo P, Quashie PK, Okokhere PO, Bejon P, Dussart P, Bester PA, Mbala PK, Kaleebu P, Abechi P, El-Shesheny R, Joseph R, Aziz RK, Essomba RG, Ayivor-Djanie R, Njouom R, Phillips RO, Gorman R, Kingsley RA, Neto Rodrigues RMDESA, Audu RA, Carr RAA, Gargouri S, Masmoudi S, Bootsma S, Sankhe S, Mohamed SI, Femi S, Mhalla S, Hosch S, Kassim SK, Metha S, Trabelsi S, Agwa SH, Mwangi SW, Doumbia S, Makiala-Mandanda S, Aryeetey S, Ahmed SS, Ahmed SM, Elhamoumi S, Moyo S, Lutucuta S, Gaseitsiwe S, Jalloh S, Andriamandimby SF, Oguntope S, Grayo S, Lekana-Douki S, Prosolek S, Ouangraoua S, van Wyk S, Schaffner SF, Kanyerezi S, Ahuka-Mundeke S, Rudder S, Pillay S, Nabadda S, Behillil S, Budiaki SL, van der Werf S, Mashe T, Mohale T, Le-Viet T, Velavan TP, Schindler T, Maponga TG, Bedford T, Anyaneji UJ, Chinedu U, Ramphal U, George UE, Enouf V, Nene V, Gorova V, Roshdy WH, Karim WA, Ampofo WK, Preiser W, Choga WT, Ahmed YA, Ramphal Y, Bediako Y, Naidoo Y, Butera Y, de Laurent ZR, Ouma AEO, von Gottberg A, Githinji G, Moeti M, Tomori O, Sabeti PC, Sall AA, Oyola SO, Tebeje YK, Tessema SK, de Oliveira T, Happi C, Lessells R, Nkengasong J, and Wilkinson E

Subjects
Africa epidemiology, Genomics, Humans, COVID-19 epidemiology, COVID-19 virology, Epidemiological Monitoring, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2 genetics
Abstract

Investment in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) sequencing in Africa over the past year has led to a major increase in the number of sequences that have been generated and used to track the pandemic on the continent, a number that now exceeds 100,000 genomes. Our results show an increase in the number of African countries that are able to sequence domestically and highlight that local sequencing enables faster turnaround times and more-regular routine surveillance. Despite limitations of low testing proportions, findings from this genomic surveillance study underscore the heterogeneous nature of the pandemic and illuminate the distinct dispersal dynamics of variants of concern-particularly Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron-on the continent. Sustained investment for diagnostics and genomic surveillance in Africa is needed as the virus continues to evolve while the continent faces many emerging and reemerging infectious disease threats. These investments are crucial for pandemic preparedness and response and will serve the health of the continent well into the 21st century.

Published
2022
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15. Tracking the international spread of SARS-CoV-2 lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.351/501Y-V2 with grinch.

Author

O'Toole Á, Hill V, Pybus OG, Watts A, Bogoch II, Khan K, Messina JP, Tegally H, Lessells RR, Giandhari J, Pillay S, Tumedi KA, Nyepetsi G, Kebabonye M, Matsheka M, Mine M, Tokajian S, Hassan H, Salloum T, Merhi G, Koweyes J, Geoghegan JL, de Ligt J, Ren X, Storey M, Freed NE, Pattabiraman C, Prasad P, Desai AS, Vasanthapuram R, Schulz TF, Steinbrück L, Stadler T, Parisi A, Bianco A, García de Viedma D, Buenestado-Serrano S, Borges V, Isidro J, Duarte S, Gomes JP, Zuckerman NS, Mandelboim M, Mor O, Seemann T, Arnott A, Draper J, Gall M, Rawlinson W, Deveson I, Schlebusch S, McMahon J, Leong L, Lim CK, Chironna M, Loconsole D, Bal A, Josset L, Holmes E, St George K, Lasek-Nesselquist E, Sikkema RS, Oude Munnink B, Koopmans M, Brytting M, Sudha Rani V, Pavani S, Smura T, Heim A, Kurkela S, Umair M, Salman M, Bartolini B, Rueca M, Drosten C, Wolff T, Silander O, Eggink D, Reusken C, Vennema H, Park A, Carrington C, Sahadeo N, Carr M, Gonzalez G, de Oliveira T, Faria N, Rambaut A, and Kraemer MUG

Abstract

Late in 2020, two genetically-distinct clusters of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) with mutations of biological concern were reported, one in the United Kingdom and one in South Africa. Using a combination of data from routine surveillance, genomic sequencing and international travel we track the international dispersal of lineages B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 (variant 501Y-V2). We account for potential biases in genomic surveillance efforts by including passenger volumes from location of where the lineage was first reported, London and South Africa respectively. Using the software tool grinch (global report investigating novel coronavirus haplotypes), we track the international spread of lineages of concern with automated daily reports, Further, we have built a custom tracking website (cov-lineages.org/global_report.html) which hosts this daily report and will continue to include novel SARS-CoV-2 lineages of concern as they are detected., Competing Interests: No competing interests were disclosed., (Copyright: © 2021 O'Toole Á et al.)

Published
2021
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16. Phylogenetic analyses and antimicrobial resistance profiles of Campylobacter spp. from diarrhoeal patients and chickens in Botswana.

Author

de Vries SPW, Vurayai M, Holmes M, Gupta S, Bateman M, Goldfarb D, Maskell DJ, Matsheka MI, and Grant AJ

Subjects
Animals, Botswana, Female, Humans, Male, Campylobacter genetics, Campylobacter isolation & purification, Campylobacter Infections genetics, Campylobacter Infections microbiology, Campylobacter Infections veterinary, Chickens microbiology, Diarrhea genetics, Diarrhea microbiology, Diarrhea veterinary, Drug Resistance, Bacterial, Phylogeny, Poultry Diseases genetics, Poultry Diseases microbiology
Abstract

Campylobacter spp. are a leading cause of bacterial enteritis worldwide, including countries in Africa, and have been identified by the World Health Organisation (WHO) as one of the high priority antimicrobial resistant pathogens. However, at present there is little knowledge on the prevalence, molecular epidemiology or antimicrobial susceptibility of Campylobacter spp. isolates in Botswana, both in patients and in the zoonotic context. Some data indicate that ~14% of diarrhoeal disease cases in a paediatric setting can be ascribed to Campylobacter spp., urging the need for the magnitude of Campylobacter-associated diarrhoea to be established. In this survey, we have characterised the genomic diversity of Campylobacter spp. circulating in Botswana isolated from cases of diarrhoeal disease in humans (n = 20) and from those that colonised commercial broiler (n = 35) and free-range (n = 35) chickens. Phylogeny showed that the Campylobacter spp. isolated from the different poultry and human sources were highly related, suggesting that zoonotic transmission has likely occurred. We found that for Campylobacter spp. isolated from humans, broilers and free-range chickens, 52% was positive for tetO, 47% for gyrA-T86I, 72% for blaOXA-61, with 27% carrying all three resistance determinants. No 23S mutations conferring macrolide resistance were detected in this survey. In summary, our study provides insight into Campylobacter spp. in poultry reservoirs and in diarrhoeal patients, and the relevance for treatment regimens in Botswana.

Published
2018
Full Text
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