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In this article, a continuous-time complex-valued projection neural network (CCPNN) in a matrix state space is first proposed for a general complex-variable basis pursuit problem. The proposed CCPNN is proved to be stable in the sense of Lyapunov and to be globally convergent to the optimal solution under the condition that the sensing matrix is not row full rank. Furthermore, an improved discrete-time complex projection neural network (IDCPNN) is proposed by discretizing the CCPNN model. The proposed IDCPNN consists of a two-step stop strategy to reduce the calculational cost. The proposed IDCPNN is theoretically guaranteed to be global convergent to the optimal solution. Finally, the proposed IDCPNN is applied to the reconstruction of sparse signals based on compressed sensing. Computed results show that the proposed IDCPNN is superior to related complex-valued neural networks and conventional basis pursuit algorithms in terms of solution quality and computation time.

We develop a matrix form of the Nelder-Mead simplex method and show that its convergence is related to the convergence of infinite matrix products. We then characterize the spectra of the involved matrices necessary for the study of convergence. Using these results, we discuss several examples of possible convergence or failure modes. Then, we prove a general convergence theorem for the simplex sequences generated by the method. The key assumption of the convergence theorem is proved in low-dimensional spaces up to 8 dimensions.

This paper addresses the robust stability and stabilization problems for fractional-order systems with polytopic uncertainties. By introducing homogeneous polynomial parameter-dependent matrix form...

As one application of the Cauchy–Binet formula, the Ball–Barthe inequality plays a key role in solving reverse isoperimetric inequalities. Recently, a new Grassmannian Ball–Barthe inequality was es...

In this work, we represent free metabelian Leibniz algebras as the wreath product of abelian Leibniz algebras. We obtained an explicit matrix form for the IA-automorphisms of free metabelian Leibni...

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to make multivariable gray model to be available for the application on interval gray number sequences directly, the matrix form of interval multivariable gray model (IMGM(1,m,k) model) is constructed to simulate and forecast original interval gray number sequences in this paper.Design/methodology/approachFirstly, the interval gray number is regarded as a three-dimensional column vector, and the parameters of multivariable gray model are expressed in matrix form. Based on the dynamic gray action and optimized background value, the interval multivariable gray model is constructed. Finally, two examples and comparisons are carried out to verify the effectiveness of IMGM(1,m,k) model.FindingsThe model is applied to simulate and predict expert value, foreign direct investment, automobile sales and steel output, respectively. The results show that the proposed model has better simulation and prediction performance than another two models.Practical implicationsDue to the uncertainty information and continuous changing of reality, the interval gray numbers are used to characterize full information of original data. And the IMGM(1,m,k) model not only considers the characteristics of parameters changing with time but also takes into account information on lower, middle and upper bounds of interval gray numbers simultaneously to make better suitable for practical application.Originality/valueThe main contribution of this paper is to propose a new interval multivariable gray model, which considers the interaction between the lower, middle and upper bounds of interval numbers and need not to transform interval gray number sequences into real sequences. According to combining different characteristics of each bound of interval gray numbers, the matrix form of interval multivariable gray model is established to simulate and forecast interval gray numbers. In addition, the model introduces dynamic gray action to reflect the changes of parameters over time. Instead of white equation of classic MGM(1,m), the difference equation is directly used to solve the simulated and predicted values.

The paper presents a matrix representation of filter banks corresponding to spline wavelets with shifted supports. The matrix form of the decomposition and reconstruction filters simplifies the representation of nonuniform nonstationary wavelet transforms built on nonuniform grids on a finite interval. Such a representation of filters is used, for example, in constructing error-correcting codes.

В статье рассматриваются различные формы записи комплексных и гиперкомплексных чисел: алгебраическая (стандартная); в парах; матричная форма. Приведены примеры вычислений в перечисленных способах записи чисел.

The collection of information on non-payments in the banking sector and their compact presentation in the matrix form in accordance with the required rules, the creation of various economic models (equities) of non-payments, elimination of different non-payment consequences and analysis are the intermediate scientific research goal of the article.

This article deals with the generalization of the matrix form of the Oresme sequence, extending it to the field of integers. In addition, the two valid generating matrices were discussed, through the permutation of the rows and columns, respectively, totaling two valid matrices of Oresme for the left-hand side, and two more generating matrices of Oresme for the right-hand side. In addition, a new Oresme sequence was introduced, given through the hybridization process of these numbers, obtaining mathematical properties and theorems, inherent to this process.

The matrix form of the reciprocity relationship for the ABCD matrix of a general distributed microwave circuit featuring multiple ports is revisited. The correct reciprocity relationship is used to identify mistakes previously made in the derivation of key relations in the vector-short-open-calibration (VSOC) deembedding methodology, which is commonly used for removing the effect of port discontinuities in the Method-of-Moments-based electronic design automation (EDA) models of microwave circuits, digital interconnects, and other structures. Numerical results demonstrating the impact of the incorrect reciprocity relation on the accuracy of VSOC deembedding are provided.

In this paper, delta and extreme shock models and a mixed shock model which combines delta-shock and extreme shock models are studied. In particular, the interarrival times between successive shocks are assumed to belong to a class of matrix-exponential distributions which is larger than the class of phase-type distributions. The Laplace -Stieltjes transforms of the systems’ lifetimes are obtained in a matrix form. Survival functions of the systems are approximated based on the Laplace-Stieltjes transforms. The results are applied for the reliability evaluation of a certain repairable system consisting of two components.

Začetnik Bečke oftalmološke škole bio je prof. dr. Georg Joseph Beer koji je 1812. u Beču u Općoj bolnici osnovao Prvu sveučilišnu očnu kliniku u svijetu. Prof. Ferdinand von Arlt vodio ju je 27 godina, od 1856. do 1883. Budući da je prva očna klinika postala pretijesna, u istoj je bolnici u Beču 1883. osnovana Druga sveučilišna očna klinika. Od 1885. trideset ju je godina vodio prof. Ernst Fuchs. Mnogi su poznati oftalmolozi još vodili te dvije bečke očne klinike, ali Arlt i Fuchs su bili glavni predstavnici Bečke oftalmološke škole koja se uvijek odlikovala visokim mjerilima u dijagnostici i liječenju očnih bolesti. Mnogi hrvatski oftalmolozi educirali su se kod njih ili kod njihovih učenika te osnivali očne odjele u većim gradovima u Hrvatskoj prenoseći stečeno znanje i iskustvo. Prvi očni odjeli u Hrvatskoj osnovani su na prijelazu iz 19. u 20. stoljeće. Prva sveučilišna očna klinika u Hrvatskoj započela je s radom u Zagrebu 1923. Naši oftalmolozi prenijeli su organizaciju klinika kakve su postojale u Beču, i to je bio tadašnji obrazac svih europskih klinika. Tradiciju Bečke oftalmološke škole prenosili su dalje, sljedećim generacijama. U radu su dane i kratke biografije bečkih i hrvatskih oftalmologa i njihovi međusobni odnosi u edukaciji i radu., The founder of the Vienna School of Ophthalmology was Prof. Dr. Georg Joseph Beer, who founded the First University Eye Clinic in the Vienna General Hospital in 1812. Prof. Ferdinand von Arlt led it for 27 years from 1856 to 1883. As the First Eye Clinic became too small, the Second University Eye Clinic was founded in 1883 at the same hospital in Vienna. Since 1885 it had been led for 30 years by Prof. Ernst Fuchs. Many well-known ophthalmologists were leading those Viennese eye clinics. However, Arlt and Fuchs were the main representatives of the Vienna School of Ophthalmology, which was always characterised by the high standards in the diagnosis and therapy of eye diseases. Many Croatian ophthalmologists were educated by them or their students, and later they established eye departments in the major cities in Croatia and transmitted acquired knowledge and experience. The first eye departments in Croatia were formed at the turn of the 19th and 20th century. The First University Eye Clinic in Croatia started to work in Zagreb in 1923. Our ophthalmologists transmitted the organisation of the clinics as they existed in Vienna, and that was the matrix form of all European clinics at that time. Therefore, the tradition of the Vienna School of Ophthalmology was passed on to the next generations. The paper also gives short biographies of Viennese and Croatian ophthalmologists and their mutual relations in education and work.

The problem of determining the body attitude in matrix form using the least-squares method is considered. A loss function that allows us to theoretically analyze the influence of the measurement errors on the accuracy of the attitude for an arbitrary number of vectors without the need for the mutual perpendicularity of the vectors. The proposed method allows us to use measurable quantities with weight coefficients.

In this study we have examined, involute of the cubic Bezier curve based on the control points with matrix form in E3. Frenet vector fields and also curvatures of involute of the cubic Bezier curve are examined based on the Frenet apparatus of the first cubic Bezier curve in E3. Â

The vertical lift gates are exposed to hydrodynamic forces that arise as a result of pressurized flow established by the large-scale effect of the water levels in the dam reservoirs. The most influential forces are those that are applied on the gate vertically upward due to the intensity of the flow under the gate and downward as a result of passage flow above the gate. The difference between these two forces generates a downpull force that is the most important gate stability indicator. In this research, an arbitrary hydraulic model was constructed to investigate the effects of many gate lip shapes with and without extensions on the magnitudes and distribution of bottom pressure coefficient when the values of flow and shaft gap width ratio (b2/bl) are constant. The results indicate that the bottom pressure coefficient appears to vary uniformly with gate openings and seem to be influenced effectively by the gate lip geometry. So, for the given value of (b2/bl), the top pressure coefficient regarding the downward force will mostly be with uniform changes and hence the downpull coefficient depends on the magnitudes and distribution of bottom pressure coefficient. An attempt by using the correlation coefficient of Statistical Package of Social Sciences was made to determine whether the pressure fluctuation is significantly shown at the bottom pressure distribution curve, which in turn is considered as appropriate indicator for the vibration occurrence. Full range of maximum bottom pressure coefficients in a matrix form is made to assist in design purposes. The results are analyzed and many conclusions are obtained.

Existing Dictionary Learning and Sparse Coding (DLSC) algorithms for Symmetric Positive Definite (SPD) matrices usually adopt Reproducing Kernel Hilbert Space as workspace to perform necessary linear operations. But those methods heavily rely on ideal kernel maps and they are lack of robustness when facing different SPD data, especially in the case of high-sparsity coding. Different from existing methods, we explore a new workspace called Symmetric Matrices Inner Product Space (SMIPS) for modeling robust DLSC of SPD matrices. SMIPS, which can be treated as the minimal linear expansion space of SPD manifold, is a linear space equipped with a pre-defined inner product so it supports linear operations. Modelling DLSC in SMIPS is more intuitive, and SPD data can preserve matrix form in SMIPS. Then, in this paper, a Riemannian Geometry Preserving (RGP) method based on graph-regularized is proposed to include the Riemannian geometric information of original SPD data, so that improves the discriminability of sparse codes, and a sparse coding algorithm is developed to acquire sparse codes of SPD matrices in SMIPS efficiently, which extend the feature-sign search to such matrix space. For dictionary learning, an overall learning strategy utilizing the closed form solution of RGP codes is proposed to speed up the iterative dictionary learning process. Experiments on several computer vision tasks show that our algorithm is more robust even with high-sparsity coding across different datasets and outperforms other comparative algorithms in terms of recognition accuracy and learning efficiency, which also demonstrates the validity of SMIPS as a workspace.

The mathematical modelling of the dynamics of a helicopter underslung system consisting of multiple rigid bodies interconnected by cables is described in this paper. The differential equations of motion are derived using the matrix form of Kane’s method. This avoids the enormous complexity involved in symbolic derivations, which are usually available in the published literature. The generalized coordinates and generalized speeds are selected suitably to derive the kinematical relationships describing the motion of the joints and centres of gravity of the different bodies present in the underslung system. The formulated model is validated using the principle of conservation of mechanical energy neglecting the dissipative forces. Simulation results demonstrating the characteristic motion of the system are presented.

In recent years, the airport’s influence on economic development has become stronger. Airport economy has become the new engine of promoting regional economic development. As a resource-based city, Dalian has included the development of airport economy in Dalian’s Development Plan, focusing on building airport economy circle, to make airport economy as an important section of driving regional economic development. SWOT stands for: strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, threats. The so-called SWOT analysis is based on the internal and external competitive environment and competitive conditions of the situation. The main internal advantages, disadvantages and external opportunities and threats that are closely related to the research object are listed through investigation, arranged according to the matrix form, and then analyzed with the idea of systematic analysis, from which a series of corresponding conclusions are drawn. In this context, this article analyzed the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of developing airport economy in Dalian, and proposed the strategic choice of the development of airport economy in Dalian.

This paper describes the development and testing of a lab plant that emulates a water supply pumping system with the objective of testing optimal pumping strategies based on standard solvers. The emulated system consists of two tanks that supply the water to two districts in a town. There are two pumps, that can fill the tanks through a reconfigurable hydraulic system with several valves. The automatic controller determines the valves and pumps that are active at each instant of time in order to minimize the operation cost, taking into account the electric tariff periods. Some aspects on the development of the lab plant are first discussed, including hydraulic aspects and real time control implementation issues. Then, a mathematical model is proposed to be able to formulate, in matrix form, the cost index and the constraints, such that, standard solvers as Mosek or CBC can be used. The full optimization proposal is tested on several experiments, and compared to some simulations, to demonstrate the validity of the plant and the optimization approach.

Дулеба Н.В. МЕТОДИЧНІ ОСНОВИ ВИЗНАЧЕННЯ РІВНЯ ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ АВТОТРАНСПОРТНОГО ПІДПРИЄМСТВА Мета. Поглиблення теоретичних основ і розробка методичних рекомендацій щодо визначення рівня економічної безпеки автотранспортного підприємства та попередження загроз втрати ним економічної безпеки. Методика дослідження. Методологічною основою статті є загальні положення економічної теорії, праці вчених економістів з питань економічної ефективності виробництва і економічної безпеки підприємств. Для аналізу стану та основних тенденцій економічної безпеки підприємства використано: метод кореляційно-регресійного аналізу - для визначення невідомих параметрів у матричному вигляді та вектора невідомих параметрів; методи економіко-математичного моделювання - для розрахунку невідомих параметрів багатофакторної регресії. Результати дослідження. Розроблено методичні основи визначення рівня економічної безпеки автотранспортного підприємства, що складаються з трьох блоків: оцінка поточного стану господарської діяльності, вибір факторів впливу на економічну безпеку та визначення рівня економічної безпеки автотранспортного підприємства, кожен з яких містить набір дій, виконання яких забезпечує перехід до наступного блоку. Наукова новизна результатів дослідження. Обґрунтовано теоретичні положення та розроблено блок-схему визначення рівня економічної безпеки автотранспортного підприємства, що базується на порівнянні чистих операційних доходів та операційних витрат автотранспортного підприємства. При перевищенні чистих операційних доходів над сукупними операційними витратами господарська діяльність автотранспортного підприємства стає прибутковою. Але для того, щоб говорити про економічну безпеку його операційної діяльності, підприємству потрібен певний рівень доходу, який буде забезпечувати покриття непередбачуваних витрат, пов’язаних із впливом внутрішніх та зовнішніх факторів – «запас міцності». Практична значущість результатів дослідження. Одержані результати дозволяють визначити рівень економічної безпеки автотранспортних підприємств та слугують підґрунтям для подальших досліджень впливу внутрішніх та зовнішніх факторів на їхню діяльність та механізму забезпечення успіху цих підприємств у довгостроковій перспективі. Ключові слова: економічна безпека, автотранспортне підприємство, запас міцності, рівні економічної безпеки, перехідна зона, вектор невідомих параметрів. Дулеба Н.В. МЕТОДИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЯ УРОВНЯ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ БЕЗОПАСНОСТИ АВТОТРАНСПОРТНОГО ПРЕДПРИЯТИЯ Цель. Углубление теоретических основ и разработка методических рекомендаций по определению уровня экономической безопасности автотранспортного предприятия и предупреждения угроз потери им экономической безопасности. Методика исследования. Методологической основой статьи есть общие положения экономической теории, труды ученых экономистов по вопросам экономической эффективности производства и экономической безопасности предприятий. Для анализа состояния и основных тенденций экономической безопасности предприятия использованы: метод корреляционно-регрессионного анализа - для определения неизвестных параметров в матричном виде и вектора неизвестных параметров; методы экономико-математического моделирования - для расчета неизвестных параметров многофакторной регрессии. Результаты исследования. Разработаны методические основы определения уровня экономической безопасности автотранспортного предприятия, которые состоят из трех блоков: оценка текущего состояния хозяйственной деятельности, выбор факторов влияния на экономическую безопасность и определение уровня экономической безопасности автотранспортного предприятия, каждый из которых содержит набор действий, выполнение которых обеспечивает переход к следующему блоку. Научная новизна результатов исследования. Обоснованы теоретические положения и разработана блок-схема определения уровня экономической безопасности автотранспортного предприятия, которое базируется на сравнении чистых операционных доходов и операционных расходов автотранспортного предприятия. При превышении чистых операционных доходов над совокупными операционными затратами хозяйственная деятельность автотранспортного предприятия становится прибыльной. Но для того, чтобы говорить об экономической безопасности его операционной деятельности, предприятию нужен определенный уровень дохода, который будет обеспечивать покрытие непредвиденных расходов, связанных с влиянием внутренних и внешних факторов - «запас прочности». Практическая значимость результатов исследования. Полученные результаты позволяют определить уровень экономической безопасности автотранспортных предприятий и служат основой для дальнейших исследований влияния внутренних и внешних факторов на их деятельность и механизма обеспечения успеха этих предприятий в долгосрочной перспективе. Ключевые слова: экономическая безопасность, автотранспортное предприятие, запас прочности, уровень экономической безопасности, переходная зона, вектор неизвестных параметров. Duleba N.V. METHODICAL BASES OF DEFINITION OF LEVEL OF ECONOMIC SAFETY OF THE MOTOR TRANSPORT ENTERPRISE Purpose. The aim of the article is deepening of theoretical bases and development of methodical recommendations on definition of level of economic safety of the motor transport enterprise and the prevention of threats of loss of economic safety by it. Methodology of research. The methodological basis of the article is the general provisions of economic theory, the work of economists on economic efficiency of production and economic security of enterprises. The following methods are used to analyse the state and main trends of economic security of the enterprise: the method of correlation and regression analysis - to determine the unknown parameters in matrix form and the vector of unknown parameters; methods of economic and mathematical modelling - for calculation of unknown parameters of multifactor regression. Findings. Methodical bases of definition of level of economic safety of the motor transport enterprise consisting of three blocks are developed: an estimation of a current condition of economic activity, a choice of factors of influence on economic safety and determining the level of economic security of the transport enterprise, each of which contains a set of actions, the implementation of which ensures the transition to the next block. Originality. Theoretical provisions are substantiated and the block diagram of definition of level of economic safety of the motor transport enterprise which is based on comparison of net operating incomes and operating expenses of the motor transport enterprise is developed. When the net operating income exceeds the total operating costs, the economic activity of the trucking company becomes profitable. But in order to talk about the economic security of its operating activities, the company needs a certain level of income that will cover the unforeseen costs associated with the influence of internal and external factors – “safety margin”. Practical value. The obtained results allow determining the level of economic security of motor transport enterprises and serving as a basis for further studies of the impact of internal and external factors on their activities and the mechanism for ensuring the success of these enterprises in the long term. Key words: economic security, motor transport enterprise, safety margin, levels of economic security, transition zone, vector of unknown parameters.

Die vorliegende Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Anwendbarkeit der Spieltheorie als Analysetechnik auf politische Entscheidungsprozesse. Die österreichische Innenpolitik wurde in den vergangenen Jahren immer häufiger von handfesten Skandalen erschüttert. Insbesondere in den Amtszeiten der Bundesregierungen Kurz I und Kurz II häuften sich diese. Diese Masterarbeit widmet sich genau diesem Forschungszeitraum, der österreichischen Innenpolitik zwischen Dezember 2017 bis Oktober 2021. Zunächst wird geprüft, inwiefern die Spieltheorie als Analysetechnik für die Anwendbarkeit auf politische Sachverhalte tauglich ist und im Anschluss werden zwei Regierungskrisen aus dem oben angeführten Forschungszeitraum auf spieltheoretische Elemente hin überprüft. Zum Abschluss der Arbeit werden die definierten Regierungskrisen in Spielform rekonstruiert. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Masterarbeit bewegt sich auf zwei unterschiedlichen Ebenen. Zum einen sollen politische Parteien die Entscheidungen ihrer MitbewerberInnen besser antizipieren und darauf aufbauend ihre jeweiligen Entscheidungen zielgerichteter treffen können und zum anderen sollen politische Entscheidungsprozesse für die interessierte Bevölkerung verständlicher und transparenter gemacht werden. Der theoretische Teil zu Beginn widmet sich einer allgemeinen Übersicht über die Spieltheorie. Es folgen wesentliche Begriffsdefinitionen sowie die Vorstellung einzelner spieltheoretischer Modelle. Das besondere Augenmerk liegt dabei auf jenem Bereich der Spieltheorie, der auch für politische Sachverhalte anwendbar ist. Praxisnah – mit vielen Beispielen – versucht man der interessierten Leserschaft einen verständlichen Einblick in die komplexe Materie der Spieltheorie zu vermitteln. Nach der Abhandlung der theoretischen Grundlagen folgt der Einstieg in den empirischen Teil der Arbeit. Auf Basis unterschiedlichster Daten, die in intensiver Arbeit erhoben und ausgewertet wurden, entstehen chronologische Abläufe der beiden zu begutachtenden Regierungskrisen. Diese chronologischen Sachverhaltsdarstellungen überprüft man anschließend auf das Vorliegen von spieltheoretischen Elementen. Daraus ergeben sich spannende Einblicke in das Handeln der involvierten Parteien während der Krisensituationen. Schlussendlich – aufbauend auf die Vorarbeiten aus dem Theorieteil und den Erhebungen im empirischen Teil – erfolgt eine Rekonstruktion der beiden Regierungskrisen in Spielform. Auf Basis der bereits angeführten Zielsetzung, des kurz erläuterten Einblicks in die Theorie sowie der Verwendung unterschiedlicher spieltheoretischer Elemente und Modelle, werden die eine forschungsleitende und zwei weitere Forschungsfragen beantwortet. Im Kern geht es darum, welche spieltheoretische Elemente sich während der Analyse der beiden ausgewählten Regierungskrisen finden lassen und welche Erkenntnisse man daraus ableiten kann. Die Arbeit schließt mit einem Resümee, im Zuge dessen die Erkenntnisse nochmals dargestellt und weitere Forschungsmöglichkeiten aufgezeigt werden. Aus dieser Masterarbeit ergeben sich neben hilfreichen Tipps für die politische Praxis, eben auch weitere Forschungsoptionen für Studierende, die sich sowohl für Politik als auch für strategisches Handeln interessieren. Im Anhang befindet sich ein gesondertes Inhaltsverzeichnis, in welchem klar ersichtlich wird, welcher der beiden Verfasser sich für den jeweiligen Themenbereich hauptverantwortlich zeichnet. Anzumerken ist, dass diese Arbeit im Zuge einer intensiven Zusammenarbeit entstanden ist. This master thesis deals with the applicability of game theory as an analytical technique to political decision-making processes. In recent years, Austria's domestic politics have been shaken more and more frequently by tangible scandals. Especially during the terms of office of the federal governments Kurz I and Kurz II these scandals became more frequent. The following master's thesis, will focus on exactly this research period, the Austrian domestic politics between December 2017 and October 2021. First, it will be examined to what extent game theory is suitable as an analytical technique for the applicability to political facts and subsequently, two government crises from the above research period will be examined for game-theoretical elements. Finally, the defined government crises are reconstructed in game form. The aim of this master thesis is on two different levels. On the one hand, political parties should be able to better anticipate the decisions of their competitors and, based on this, make their respective decisions more target-oriented. On the other hand, political decision-making processes should be made more understandable and transparent for the interested population. The theoretical part at the beginning is devoted to a general overview of game theory. This is followed by essential definitions of terms and the presentation of individual game theory models. Special attention is paid to those areas of game theory that are also applicable to political issues. Practical examples are given in an attempt to provide interested readers with a comprehensible insight into the complex subject of game theory. After the treatment of the theoretical bases the entrance follows into the empirical part of the work. Based on different data, which were collected and evaluated in intensive work, chronological sequences of the two government crises under review are created. These chronological factual representations are then examined for the presence of game-theoretical elements. This results in exciting insights into the actions of the parties involved during the crisis situations. Finally, building on the preliminary work from the theoretical part and the surveys in the empirical part, the two government crises are reconstructed in game form. Based on aforementioned objectives, the briefly explained insight into the theory, and the use of various game-theoretical elements and models, the one research question and two further research questions are answered. In essence, it is about which game-theoretical elements can be found during the analysis of the two selected government crises and which insights can be derived from them. The thesis concludes with a résumé, in the course of which the findings are presented again and further research possibilities are pointed out. This master thesis provides helpful tips for political practice as well as further research options for students who are interested in politics and strategic action. In the appendix there is a separate table of contents, which clearly shows which of the two authors is mainly responsible for the respective topic. It should be noted that this work was developed in the course of an intensive collaboration. Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers Masterarbeit Wien, FH Campus Wien 2022

Die vorliegende Masterarbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Anwendbarkeit der Spieltheorie als Analysetechnik auf politische Entscheidungsprozesse. Die österreichische Innenpolitik wurde in den vergangenen Jahren immer häufiger von handfesten Skandalen erschüttert. Insbesondere in den Amtszeiten der Bundesregierungen Kurz I und Kurz II häuften sich diese. Diese Masterarbeit widmet sich genau diesem Forschungszeitraum, der österreichischen Innenpolitik zwischen Dezember 2017 bis Oktober 2021. Zunächst wird geprüft, inwiefern die Spieltheorie als Analysetechnik für die Anwendbarkeit auf politische Sachverhalte tauglich ist und im Anschluss werden zwei Regierungskrisen aus dem oben angeführten Forschungszeitraum auf spieltheoretische Elemente hin überprüft. Zum Abschluss der Arbeit werden die definierten Regierungskrisen in Spielform rekonstruiert. Das Ziel der vorliegenden Masterarbeit bewegt sich auf zwei unterschiedlichen Ebenen. Zum einen sollen politische Parteien die Entscheidungen ihrer MitbewerberInnen besser antizipieren und darauf aufbauend ihre jeweiligen Entscheidungen zielgerichteter treffen können und zum anderen sollen politische Entscheidungsprozesse für die interessierte Bevölkerung verständlicher und transparenter gemacht werden. Der theoretische Teil zu Beginn widmet sich einer allgemeinen Übersicht über die Spieltheorie. Es folgen wesentliche Begriffsdefinitionen sowie die Vorstellung einzelner spieltheoretischer Modelle. Das besondere Augenmerk liegt dabei auf jenem Bereich der Spieltheorie, der auch für politische Sachverhalte anwendbar ist. Praxisnah – mit vielen Beispielen – versucht man der interessierten Leserschaft einen verständlichen Einblick in die komplexe Materie der Spieltheorie zu vermitteln. Nach der Abhandlung der theoretischen Grundlagen folgt der Einstieg in den empirischen Teil der Arbeit. Auf Basis unterschiedlichster Daten, die in intensiver Arbeit erhoben und ausgewertet wurden, entstehen chronologische Abläufe der beiden zu begutachtenden Regierungskrisen. Diese chronologischen Sachverhaltsdarstellungen überprüft man anschließend auf das Vorliegen von spieltheoretischen Elementen. Daraus ergeben sich spannende Einblicke in das Handeln der involvierten Parteien während der Krisensituationen. Schlussendlich – aufbauend auf die Vorarbeiten aus dem Theorieteil und den Erhebungen im empirischen Teil – erfolgt eine Rekonstruktion der beiden Regierungskrisen in Spielform. Auf Basis der bereits angeführten Zielsetzung, des kurz erläuterten Einblicks in die Theorie sowie der Verwendung unterschiedlicher spieltheoretischer Elemente und Modelle, werden die eine forschungsleitende und zwei weitere Forschungsfragen beantwortet. Im Kern geht es darum, welche spieltheoretische Elemente sich während der Analyse der beiden ausgewählten Regierungskrisen finden lassen und welche Erkenntnisse man daraus ableiten kann. Die Arbeit schließt mit einem Resümee, im Zuge dessen die Erkenntnisse nochmals dargestellt und weitere Forschungsmöglichkeiten aufgezeigt werden. Aus dieser Masterarbeit ergeben sich neben hilfreichen Tipps für die politische Praxis, eben auch weitere Forschungsoptionen für Studierende, die sich sowohl für Politik als auch für strategisches Handeln interessieren. Im Anhang befindet sich ein gesondertes Inhaltsverzeichnis, in welchem klar ersichtlich wird, welcher der beiden Verfasser sich für den jeweiligen Themenbereich hauptverantwortlich zeichnet. Anzumerken ist, dass diese Arbeit im Zuge einer intensiven Zusammenarbeit entstanden ist. This master thesis deals with the applicability of game theory as an analytical technique to political decision-making processes. In recent years, Austria's domestic politics have been shaken more and more frequently by tangible scandals. Especially during the terms of office of the federal governments Kurz I and Kurz II these scandals became more frequent. The following master's thesis, will focus on exactly this research period, the Austrian domestic politics between December 2017 and October 2021. First, it will be examined to what extent game theory is suitable as an analytical technique for the applicability to political facts and subsequently, two government crises from the above research period will be examined for game-theoretical elements. Finally, the defined government crises are reconstructed in game form. The aim of this master thesis is on two different levels. On the one hand, political parties should be able to better anticipate the decisions of their competitors and, based on this, make their respective decisions more target-oriented. On the other hand, political decision-making processes should be made more understandable and transparent for the interested population. The theoretical part at the beginning is devoted to a general overview of game theory. This is followed by essential definitions of terms and the presentation of individual game theory models. Special attention is paid to those areas of game theory that are also applicable to political issues. Practical examples are given in an attempt to provide interested readers with a comprehensible insight into the complex subject of game theory. After the treatment of the theoretical bases the entrance follows into the empirical part of the work. Based on different data, which were collected and evaluated in intensive work, chronological sequences of the two government crises under review are created. These chronological factual representations are then examined for the presence of game-theoretical elements. This results in exciting insights into the actions of the parties involved during the crisis situations. Finally, building on the preliminary work from the theoretical part and the surveys in the empirical part, the two government crises are reconstructed in game form. Based on aforementioned objectives, the briefly explained insight into the theory, and the use of various game-theoretical elements and models, the one research question and two further research questions are answered. In essence, it is about which game-theoretical elements can be found during the analysis of the two selected government crises and which insights can be derived from them. The thesis concludes with a résumé, in the course of which the findings are presented again and further research possibilities are pointed out. This master thesis provides helpful tips for political practice as well as further research options for students who are interested in politics and strategic action. In the appendix there is a separate table of contents, which clearly shows which of the two authors is mainly responsible for the respective topic. It should be noted that this work was developed in the course of an intensive collaboration. Abweichender Titel laut Übersetzung der Verfasserin/des Verfassers Masterarbeit Wien, FH Campus Wien 2022