5 results on '"Matray, S."'
Search Results
2. Perennial flower strips for pest control in organic apple orchards
- Author
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Cahenzli, F., Pfiffner, L., Bjørn, M.C., Daniel, C., Herz, A., Jamar, L., Lisek, J., Kelderer, M., Jacobsen, S.K., Kruczynska, D., Matray, S., Porcel, M., Sekrecka, M., Steinemann, B., Swiergiel, W., Tasin, M., Telfser, J., and Sigsgaard, L.
- Subjects
Biodiversity and ecosystem services ,Crop health, quality, protection ,Fruit and berries - Abstract
Orchards often have low diversity of plant species, which limits the promotion of natural enemies to combat the important apple pests Dysaphis plantaginea (Passerini) and Cydia pomonella (L.). We developed perennial, multifunctional flower strips with native plant species and trialed these in organic apple orchards in seven European countries. On average 73.7% of the sown plant species were established and plant diversity of flower strips was on average 43% higher than the spontaneous orchard vegetation. Intensive mulching of flower strips affected the plant community: species richness and ground cover by forbs and plants, which especially promote functional agrobiodiversity, decreased significantly. Visual assessments over two years revealed a higher number of natural enemies on plant parts, and specifically in D. plantaginea colonies, on trees in flower strip plots than on trees in control plots with standard orchard vegetation. Trees in the flower strip plots recorded a slower D. plantaginea population increase as compared with control plots, resulting in reduced fruit damage after the second fruit drop. Likewise, from 2016–2017, the number of preadult codling moths decreased more in the flower strip plots as compared to the control plots resulting in reduced fruit damage. Our study shows on a wide continental scale that the implementation of perennial flower strips in the alleyways between apple tree rows boosts natural enemies and reduces key apple pests and the associated fruit damage. This supports the role of functional agrobiodiversity as a way to potentially reduce insecticide use in orchards and thus further promote conservation of agrobiodiversity. The project “EcoOrchard” was provided by FP7 ERAnet, CORE Organic Plus and cofinanced by the European Commission.
- Published
- 2020
3. Farmers’ management of functional biodiversity goes beyond pest management in organic European apple orchards
- Author
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Penvern, S., Fernique, S., Cardona, A., Herz, A., Ahrenfeldt, E., Dufils, A., Jamar, L., Korsgaard, M., Kruczynska, D., Matray, S., Ozolina-Pole, L., Porcel, M., Ralle, B., Steinemann, B., Swiergiel, W., Tasin, M., Telfser, J., Warlop, F., Sigsgaard, L., Penvern, S., Fernique, S., Cardona, A., Herz, A., Ahrenfeldt, E., Dufils, A., Jamar, L., Korsgaard, M., Kruczynska, D., Matray, S., Ozolina-Pole, L., Porcel, M., Ralle, B., Steinemann, B., Swiergiel, W., Tasin, M., Telfser, J., Warlop, F., and Sigsgaard, L.
- Abstract
Supporting functional biodiversity (FB), which provides natural pest regulation, is an environmentally sound and promising approach to reduce pesticide use in perennial cultures such as apple, especially in organic farming. However, little is known about farmers’ practices and motivations to implement techniques that favor FB, especially whether or not they really expect anything from FB in terms of pest regulation. In fact, FB-supporting techniques (FB-techniques) are massively questioned by practitioners due to inadequate information about their effectiveness. An interview survey was performed in eight European countries(i) to describe farmers’ practices and identify promising FB-techniques: (ii) to better understand their perceptions of and values associated with FB; and (iii) to identify potential drivers of (non-)adoption. Fifty-five advisors and 125 orchard managers with various degrees of experience and convictions about FB were interviewed and a total of 24 different FB-techniques which can be assigned to three different categories (ecological infrastructures, farming practices and redesign techniques) were described. Some were well-established measures (e.g., hedges and bird houses), while others were more marginal and more recent (e.g., animal introduction and compost). On average, farmers combined more than four techniques that had been implemented over a period of 13 years, especially during their establishment or conversion period. In general, it was difficult for farmers to evaluate the effectiveness of individual FB-techniques on pest regulation. They considered FB-techniques as a whole, targeting multiple species, and valued multiple ecosystem services in addition to pest regulation. The techniques implemented and their associated values differed among farmers who adopted various approaches towards FB. Three different approaches were defined: passive, active and integrated. Their appraisal of FB is even more complex because it may change with time an
- Published
- 2019
4. Farmers’ management of functional biodiversity goes beyond pest management in organic European apple orchards
- Author
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Penvern, S., primary, Fernique, S., additional, Cardona, A., additional, Herz, A., additional, Ahrenfeldt, E., additional, Dufils, A., additional, Jamar, L., additional, Korsgaard, M., additional, Kruczyńska, D., additional, Matray, S., additional, Ozolina-Pole, L., additional, Porcel, M., additional, Ralle, B., additional, Steinemann, B., additional, Świergiel, W., additional, Tasin, M., additional, Telfser, J., additional, Warlop, F., additional, and Sigsgaard, L., additional
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
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5. EcoOrchard und EBIO-Network - Strategien für mehr funktionelle Biodiversität im Kernobstanbau
- Author
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Herz, A., Matray, S., Sigsgaard, L., Penvern, S., Tchamitchian, M., Warlop, F., Pfiffner, L., Kelderer, M., Kruczynska, D., Ozoliņa-Pole, L., Jasko, J., Jamar, L., and Porcel, M.
- Subjects
Biodiversity and ecosystem services ,Fruit and berries - Abstract
Das Ziel des Projektes EcoOrchard ist die praxisnahe Entwicklung geeigneter Strategien und Maßnahmen zur Förderung der funktionellen Agro-Biodiversität im ökologischen Apfelanbau. An dem Projekt sind neun europäische Länder beteiligt und es wird im Rahmen des CoreOrganic Plus-Programmes bis Ende 2017 gefördert. 2015 wurden in sieben Ländern (Schweden, Dänemark, Belgien, Deutschland, Polen, Schweiz, Italien) auf ökologisch bewirtschafteten Obstbetrieben Freilandversuche zur Praxiseignung mehrjähriger, standortangepasster Blühstreifen in den Fahrgassen angelegt. Die verwendete Blühmischung enthielt über 25 verschiedene krautige Pflanzen, die mehrjährig und besonders mulchresistent sind. Die Auswahl der Pflanzen erfolgte auch bezüglich ihrer Nutzbarkeit als Nektar- und Pollenlieferanten für Nützlinge, wie z.B. Schwebfliegen und Parasitoide. Diese sollen in die Reihen gelockt und dort etabliert werden, um das Auftreten von Hauptschaderregern wie der Mehligen Apfelblattlaus (Dysaphis plantaginea) und des Apfelwicklers (Cydia pomonella) zu minimieren. Begleitend zu diesen Versuchen wird das Themenportal "EBIO-Network" (European Biodiversity Orchards Network) entwickelt. Es soll Informationen zur Bedeutung, Erhaltung und Schaffung funktioneller Biodiversität im Kernobstanbau und ist als interaktives Kommunikationsinstrument zwischen den Akteuren der europäischen Obstproduktion auf verschiedenen Ebenen (Praxis, Wissenschaft, Beratung) gedacht. Die website ist im internet-Angebot des Julius Kühn-Instituts zu finden (http://ebionetwork.julius-kuehn.de). Die Website enthält ein Registrierungs-Tool für diejenigen, die zu dieser Aktivität beitragen mögen und sich miteinander vernetzen wollen. Eine Literaturdatenbank bietet eine Übersicht über aktuelle Studien und Veröffentlichungen. Ein Veranstaltungskalender soll auf interessante Tagungen oder Workshops aufmerksam machen. Danksagung Das Projekt EcoOrchard wird im Rahmen des CORE Organic Plus Programmes (FP7 ERA net Projekt) finanziert. Die Finanzierung des nationalen Projektes wird durch das Bundesministerium für Ernährung und Landwirtschaft im Rahmen des Bundesprogrammes Ökologischer Landbau und anderer Formen nachhaltiger Landwirtschaft (FKZ: 14OE005) ermöglicht.
- Published
- 2017
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