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1. The origin of the 3.4 micron feature in Wild 2 cometary particles and in ultracarbonaceous interplanetary dust particles

Author

Matrajt, Graciela, Flynn, George, Brownlee, Don, Joswiak, Dave, and Bajt, Sasa

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

We analyzed 2 ultra-carbonaceous interplanetary dust particles and 2 cometary Wild 2 particles with infrared spectroscopy. We characterized the carrier of the 3.4 micron band in these samples and compared its profile and the CH2/CH3 ratios to the 3.4 micron band in the diffuse interstellar medium (DISM), in the insoluble organic matter (IOM) from 3 primitive meteorites, in asteroid 24 Themis and in the coma of comet 103P/Hartley 2. We found that the 3.4 micron band in both Wild 2 and IDPs is similar, but different from all the other astrophysical environments that we compared to. The 3.4 micron band in IDPs and Wild 2 particles is dominated by CH2 groups, the peaks are narrower and stronger than in the meteorites, asteroid Themis, and the DISM. Also, the presence of the carbonyl group C=O at 1700 cm-1 (5.8 micron) in most of the spectra of our samples, indicates that these aliphatic chains have O bonded to them, which is quite different from astronomical spectra of the DISM. Based on all these observations we conclude that the origin of the carrier of the 3.4 micron band in IDPs and Wild 2 samples is not interstellar, instead, we suggest that the origin lies in the outermost parts of the solar nebula., Comment: 50 pages, 20 figures, 3 tables

Published
2013
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4. Comet 81p/Wild 2 under a Microscope

Author

Brownlee, Don, Tsou, Peter, Aléon, Jérôme, Alexander, Conel M. O'D., Araki, Tohru, Bajt, Sasa, Baratta, Giuseppe A., Bastien, Ron, Bland, Phil, Bleuet, Pierre, Borg, Janet, Bradley, John P., Brearley, Adrian, Brenker, F., Brennan, Sean, Bridges, John C., Browning, Nigel D., Brucato, John R., Bullock, E., Burchell, Mark J., Busemann, Henner, Butterworth, Anna, Chaussidon, Marc, Cheuvront, Allan, Chi, Miaofang, Cintala, Mark J., Clark, B. C., Clemett, Simon J., Cody, George, Colangeli, Luigi, Cooper, George, Cordier, Patrick, Daghlian, C., Dai, Zurong, D'Hendecourt, Louis, Djouadi, Zahia, Dominguez, Gerardo, Duxbury, Tom, Dworkin, Jason P., Ebel, Denton S., Economou, Thanasis E., Fakra, Sirine, Fairey, Sam A. J., Fallon, Stewart, Ferrini, Gianluca, Ferroir, T., Fleckenstein, Holger, Floss, Christine, Flynn, George, Franchi, Ian A., Fries, Marc, Gainsforth, Z., Gallien, J.-P., Genge, Matt, Gilles, Mary K., Gillet, Philipe, Gilmour, Jamie, Glavin, Daniel P., Gounelle, Matthieu, Grady, Monica M., Graham, Giles A., Grant, P. G., Green, Simon F., Grossemy, Faustine, Grossman, Lawrence, Grossman, Jeffrey N., Guan, Yunbin, Hagiya, Kenji, Harvey, Ralph, Heck, Philipp, Herzog, Gregory F., Hoppe, Peter, Hörz, Friedrich, Huth, Joachim, Hutcheon, Ian D., Ignatyev, Konstantin, Ishii, Hope, Ito, Motoo, Jacob, Damien, Jacobsen, Chris, Jacobsen, Stein, Jones, Steven, Joswiak, David, Jurewicz, Amy, Kearsley, Anton T., Keller, Lindsay P., Khodja, H., Kilcoyne, A. L. David, Kissel, Jochen, Krot, Alexander, Langenhorst, Falko, Lanzirotti, Antonio, Le, Loan, Leshin, Laurie A., Leitner, J., Lemelle, L., Leroux, Hugues, Liu, Ming-Chang, Leuning, K., Lyon, Ian, MacPherson, Glen, Marcus, Matthew A., Marhas, Kuljeet, Marty, Bernard, Matrajt, Graciela, McKeegan, Kevin, Meibom, Anders, Mennella, Vito, Messenger, Keiko, Messenger, Scott, Mikouchi, Takeshi, Mostefaoui, Smail, Nakamura, Tomoki, Nakano, T., Newville, M., Nittler, Larry R., Ohnishi, Ichiro, Ohsumi, Kazumasa, Okudaira, Kyoko, Papanastassiou, Dimitri A., Palma, Russ, Palumbo, Maria E., Pepin, Robert O., Perkins, David, Perronnet, Murielle, Pianetta, P., Rao, William, Rietmeijer, Frans J. M., Robert, François, Rost, D., Rotundi, Alessandra, Ryan, Robert, Sandford, Scott A., Schwandt, Craig S., See, Thomas H., Schlutter, Dennis, Sheffield-Parker, J., Simionovici, Alexandre, Simon, Steven, Sitnitsky, I., Snead, Christopher J., Spencer, Maegan K., Stadermann, Frank J., Steele, Andrew, Stephan, Thomas, Stroud, Rhonda, Susini, Jean, Sutton, S. R., Suzuki, Y., Taheri, Mitra, Taylor, Susan, Teslich, Nick, Tomeoka, Kazu, Tomioka, Naotaka, Toppani, Alice, Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M., Troadec, David, Tsuchiyama, Akira, Tuzzolino, Anthony J., Tyliszczak, Tolek, Uesugi, K., Velbel, Michael, Vellenga, Joe, Vicenzi, E., Vincze, L., Warren, Jack, Weber, Iris, Weisberg, Mike, Westphal, Andrew J., Wirick, Sue, Wooden, Diane, Wopenka, Brigitte, Wozniakiewicz, Penelope, Wright, Ian, Yabuta, Hikaru, Yano, Hajime, Young, Edward D., Zare, Richard N., Zega, Thomas, Ziegler, Karen, Zimmerman, Laurent, Zinner, Ernst, and Zolensky, Michael

Published
2006
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5. Isotopic Compositions of Cometary Matter Returned by Stardust

Author

McKeegan, Kevin D., Aléon, Jerome, Bradley, John, Brownlee, Donald, Busemann, Henner, Butterworth, Anna, Chaussidon, Marc, Fallon, Stewart, Floss, Christine, Gilmour, Jamie, Gounelle, Matthieu, Graham, Giles, Guan, Yunbin, Heck, Philipp R., Hoppe, Peter, Hutcheon, Ian D., Huth, Joachim, Ishii, Hope, Ito, Motoo, Jacobsen, Stein B., Kearsley, Anton, Leshin, Laurie A., Liu, Ming-Chang, Lyon, Ian, Marhas, Kuljeet, Marty, Bernard, Matrajt, Graciela, Meibom, Anders, Messenger, Scott, Mostefaoui, Smail, Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy, Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko, Nittler, Larry, Palma, Russ, Pepin, Robert O., Papanastassiou, Dimitri A., Robert, François, Schlutter, Dennis, Snead, Christopher J., Stadermann, Frank J., Stroud, Rhonda, Tsou, Peter, Westphal, Andrew, Young, Edward D., Ziegler, Karen, Zimmermann, Laurent, and Zinner, Ernst

Published
2006
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6. Mineralogy and Petrology of Comet 81p/Wild 2 Nucleus Samples

Author

Zolensky, Michael E., Zega, Thomas J., Yano, Hajime, Wirick, Sue, Westphal, Andrew J., Weisberg, Mike K., Weber, Iris, Warren, Jack L., Velbel, Michael A., Tsuchiyama, Akira, Tsou, Peter, Toppani, Alice, Tomioka, Naotaka, Tomeoka, Kazushige, Teslich, Nick, Taheri, Mitra, Susini, Jean, Stroud, Rhonda, Stephan, Thomas, Stadermann, Frank J., Snead, Christopher J., Simon, Steven B., Simionovici, Alexandre, See, Thomas H., Robert, François, Rietmeijer, Frans J. M., Rao, William, Perronnet, Murielle C., Papanastassiou, Dimitri A., Okudaira, Kyoko, Ohsumi, Kazumasa, Ohnishi, Ichiro, Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko, Nakamura, Tomoki, Mostefaoui, Smail, Mikouchi, Takashi, Meibom, Anders, Matrajt, Graciela, Marcus, Matthew A., Leroux, Hugues, Lemelle, Laurence, Le, Loan, Lanzirotti, Antonio, Langenhorst, Falko, Krot, Alexander N., Keller, Lindsay P., Kearsley, Anton T., Joswiak, David, Jacob, Damien, Ishii, Hope, Harvey, Ralph, Hagiya, Kenji, Grossman, Lawrence, Grossman, Jeffrey N., Graham, Giles A., Gounelle, Matthieu, Gillet, Philippe, Genge, Matthew J., Flynn, George, Ferroir, Tristan, Fallon, Stewart, Ebel, Denton S., Dai, Zu Rong, Cordier, Patrick, Clark, Benton, Chi, Miaofang, Butterworth, Anna L., Brownlee, Donald E., Bridges, John C., Brennan, Sean, Brearley, Adrian, Bradley, John P., Bleuet, Pierre, Bland, Phil A., and Bastien, Ron

Published
2006
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7. Infrared Spectroscopy of Comet 81p/Wild 2 Samples Returned by Stardust

Author

Keller, Lindsay P., Bajt, Saša, Baratta, Giuseppe A., Borg, Janet, Bradley, John P., Brownlee, Don E., Busemann, Henner, Brucato, John R., Burchell, Mark, Colangeli, Luigi, d'Hendecourt, Louis, Djouadi, Zahia, Ferrini, Gianluca, Flynn, George, Franchi, Ian A., Fries, Marc, Grady, Monica M., Graham, Giles A., Grossemy, Faustine, Kearsley, Anton, Matrajt, Graciela, Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko, Mennella, Vito, Nittler, Larry, Palumbo, Maria E., Stadermann, Frank J., Tsou, Peter, Rotundi, Alessandra, Sandford, Scott A., Snead, Christopher, Steele, Andrew, Wooden, Diane, and Zolensky, Mike

Published
2006
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8. Organics Captured from Comet 81p/Wild 2 by the Stardust Spacecraft

Author

Sandford, Scott A., Aléon, Jérôme, Alexander, Conel M. O'D., Araki, Tohru, Bajt, Saša, Baratta, Giuseppe A., Borg, Janet, Bradley, John P., Brownlee, Donald E., Brucato, John R., Burchell, Mark J., Busemann, Henner, Butterworth, Anna, Clemett, Simon J., Cody, George, Colangeli, Luigi, Cooper, George, D'Hendecourt, Louis, Djouadi, Zahia, Dworkin, Jason P., Ferrini, Gianluca, Fleckenstein, Holger, Flynn, George J., Franchi, Ian A., Fries, Marc, Gilles, Mary K., Glavin, Daniel P., Gounelle, Matthieu, Grossemy, Faustine, Jacobsen, Chris, Keller, Lindsay P., Kilcoyne, A. L. David, Leitner, Jan, Matrajt, Graciela, Meibom, Anders, Mennella, Vito, Mostefaoui, Smail, Nittler, Larry R., Palumbo, Maria E., Papanastassiou, Dimitri A., Robert, François, Rotundi, Alessandra, Snead, Christopher J., Spencer, Maegan K., Stadermann, Frank J., Steele, Andrew, Stephan, Thomas, Tsou, Peter, Tyliszczak, Tolek, Westphal, Andrew J., Wirick, Sue, Wopenka, Brigitte, Yabuta, Hikaru, Zare, Richard N., and Zolensky, Michael E.

Published
2006
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9. Elemental Compositions of Comet 81p/Wild 2 Samples Collected by Stardust

Author

Flynn, George J., Bleuet, Pierre, Borg, Janet, Bradley, John P., Brenker, Frank E., Brennan, Sean, Bridges, John, Brownlee, Don E., Bullock, Emma S., Burghammer, Manfred, Clark, Benton C., Dai, Zu Rong, Daghlian, Charles P., Djouadi, Zahia, Fakra, Sirine, Ferroir, Tristan, Floss, Christine, Franchi, Ian A., Gainsforth, Zack, Gallien, Jean-Paul, Gillet, Philippe, Grant, Patrick G., Graham, Giles A., Green, Simon F., Grossemy, Faustine, Heck, Philipp R., Herzog, Gregory F., Hoppe, Peter, Hörz, Friedrich, Huth, Joachim, Ignatyev, Konstantin, Ishii, Hope A., Janssens, Koen, Joswiak, David, Kearsley, Anton T., Khodja, Hicham, Lanzirotti, Antonio, Leitner, Jan, Lemelle, Laurence, Leroux, Hugues, Luening, Katharina, MacPherson, Glenn J., Marhas, Kuljeet K., Marcus, Matthew A., Matrajt, Graciela, Nakamura, Tomoki, Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko, Nakano, Tsukasa, Newville, Matthew, Papanastassiou, Dimitri A., Pianetta, Piero, Rao, William, Riekel, Christian, Rietmeijer, Frans J. M., Rost, Detlef, Schwandt, Craig S., See, Thomas H., Sheffield-Parker, Julie, Simionovici, Alexandre, Sitnitsky, Ilona, Snead, Christopher J., Stadermann, Frank J., Stephan, Thomas, Stroud, Rhonda M., Susini, Jean, Suzuki, Yoshio, Sutton, Stephen R., Taylor, Susan, Teslich, Nick, Troadec, D., Tsou, Peter, Tsuchiyama, Akira, Uesugi, Kentaro, Vekemans, Bart, Vicenzi, Edward P., Vincze, Laszlo, Westphal, Andrew J., Wozniakiewicz, Penelope, Zinner, Ernst, and Zolensky, Michael E.

Published
2006
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12. Comparing Wild 2 Particles to Chondrites and IDPS

Author

Zolensky, Michael, Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko, Rietmeijer, Frans, Leroux, Hugues, Mikouchi, Takashi, Ohsumi, Kazumasa, Simon, Steven, Grossman, Lawrence, Stephan, Thomas, Weisberg, Michael, Velbel, Michael, Zega, Thomas, Stroud, Rhonda, Tomeoka, Kazushige, Ohnishi, Ichiro, Tomioka, Naotaka, Nakamura, Tomoki, Matrajt, Graciela, Joswiak, David, Brownlee, Don, Langenhorst, Falko, Krot, Alexander, Kearsley, Anton, Ishii, Hope, and Graham, Giles

Subjects
Geosciences (General)
Abstract

We compare the observed composition ranges of olivine, pyroxene and Fe-Ni sulfides in Wild 2 grains, comparing these with chondritic IDPs and chondrite classes to explore whether these data suggest affinities to known hydrous materials in particular. Wild 2 olivine has an extremely wide composition range, from Fo4-100 with a pronounced frequency peak at Fo99. The composition range displayed by the low-calcium pyroxene is also very extensive, from En52 to En100, with a significant frequency peak centered at En95. These ranges are as broad or broader than those reported for any other extraterrestrial material. Wild 2 Fe-Ni sulfides mainly have compositions close to that of FeS, with less than 2 atom % Ni - to date, only two pentlandite grains have been found among the Wild-grains suggesting that this mineral is not abundant. The complete lack of compositions between FeS and pentlandite (with intermediate solid solution compositions) suggests (but does not require) that FeS and pentlandite condensed as crystalline species, i.e. did not form as amorphous phases, which later became annealed. While we have not yet observed any direct evidence of water-bearing minerals, the presence of Ni-bearing sulfides, and magnesium-dominated olivine and low-Ca pyroxene does not rule out their presence at low abundance. We do conclude that modern major and minor element compositions of chondrite matrix and IDPs are needed.

Published
2008

13. Submicrometer Organic Grains: Widespread Constituents of the Early Solar System

Author

Messenger, Scott, Nakamuri-Messenger, Keiko, Keller, Lindsay, Matrajt, Graciela, Clemett, Simon, and Ito, Motoo

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Science And Exploration
Abstract

Primitive meteorites and interplanetary dust particles (IDPs) contain remants of interstellar organic matter, marked by anomalous H and N isotopic ratios. These isotopic anomalies are attributed to mass fractionation during chemical reactions at cryogenic temperatures (10-100K) in a cold molecular cloud. Significant variations in the chemistry and isotopic compositions of organic compounds within and between these samples suggest varying histories of alteration and dilution of the presolar components. Recent studies have reported large H and N isotopic anomalies preserved in sub-m organic inclusions in both meteorites and IDPs. In the Tagish Lake meteorite, the largest H and N isotopic anomalies are associated with sub-m, hollow organic globules. The common physical, chemical, and isotopic characteristics of these globules suggest that they formed before being incorporated into their parent meteorite. These organic globules probably originated as organic ice coatings that formed on preexisting ice or mineral grains in a cold molecular cloud. Radiation driven photochemistry may have processed them into refractory organic grains. This model implies that submicrometer organic grains were widely distributed throughout the solar nebula during the epoch of planet formation. Submicrometer organic particles were detected by the Giotto and Vega encounters with comet Halley, termed CHON particles based on their major element chemistry. The first direct samples of cometary dust (comet Wild-2) were returned by the Stardust spacecraft in January 2006. These samples exhibit widely varying, fine grained mineralogy similar to anhydrous IDPs, including submicrometer carbonaceous grains. The submicrometer organic grains from comet Wild-2 exhibit H and N isotopic anomalies of similar magnitude to those commonly observed in primitive meteorites and IDPs. Isotopically anomalous, submicrometer organic grains have now been observed in meteorites, IDPs, the Oort-cloud comet Halley, and the Kuiper-belt comet Wild-2, suggesting that such grains were prevalent throughout the protoplanetary disk.

Published
2007

15. Evaluation of the bag-mediated filtration system as a novel tool for poliovirus environmental surveillance: Results from a comparative field study in Pakistan

Author

Zhou, Nicolette Angela, primary, Fagnant-Sperati, Christine Susan, additional, Shirai, Jeffry Hiroshi, additional, Sharif, Salmaan, additional, Zaidi, Sohail Zahoor, additional, Rehman, Lubna, additional, Hussain, Jaffer, additional, Agha, Rahim, additional, Shaukat, Shahzad, additional, Alam, Masroor, additional, Khurshid, Adnan, additional, Mujtaba, Ghulam, additional, Salman, Muhammed, additional, Safdar, Rana Muhammed, additional, Mahamud, Abdirahman, additional, Ahmed, Jamal, additional, Khan, Sadaf, additional, Kossik, Alexandra Lynn, additional, Beck, Nicola Koren, additional, Matrajt, Graciela, additional, Asghar, Humayun, additional, Bandyopadhyay, Ananda Sankar, additional, Boyle, David Scott, additional, and Meschke, John Scott, additional

Published
2018
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17. Fine-grained precursors dominate the micrometeorite flux

Author

Taylor, Susan, Matrajt, Graciela, and Guan, Yunbin

Abstract

We optically classified 5682 micrometeorites (MMs) from the 2000 South Pole collection into textural classes, imaged 2458 of these MMs with a scanning electron microscope, and made 200 elemental and eight isotopic measurements on those with unusual textures or relict phases. As textures provide information on both degree of heating and composition of MMs, we developed textural sequences that illustrate how fine-grained, coarse-grained, and single mineral MMs change with increased heating. We used this information to determine the percentage of matrix dominated to mineral dominated precursor materials (precursors) that produced the MMs. We find that at least 75% of the MMs in the collection derived from fine-grained precursors with compositions similar to CI and CM meteorites and consistent with dynamical models that indicate 85% of the mass influx of small particles to Earth comes from Jupiter family comets. A lower limit for ordinary chondrites is estimated at 2–8% based on MMs that contain Na-bearing plagioclase relicts. Less than 1% of the MMs have achondritic compositions, CAI components, or recognizable chondrules. Single mineral MMs often have magnetite zones around their peripheries. We measured their isotopic compositions to determine if the magnetite zones demarcate the volume affected by atmospheric exchange during entry heating. Because we see little gradient in isotopic composition in the olivines, we conclude that the magnetites are a visual marker that allows us to select and analyze areas not affected by atmospheric exchange. Similar magnetite zones are seen in some olivine and pyroxene relict grains contained within MMs.

Published
2012

18. Comet 81P/Wild 2 Under a Microscope

Author

Brownlee, Don, Tsou, Peter, Aleon, Jerome, Alexander, Conel M. O'D., Araki, Tohru, Bajt, Sasa, Baratta, Giuseppe A., Bastien, Ron, Bland, Phil, Bleuet, Pierre, Borg, Janet, Bradley, John P., Brearley, Adrian, Brenker, F., Brennan, Sean, Bridges, John C., Browning, Nigel D., Brucato, John R., Bullock, E., Burchell, Mark J., Busemann, Henner, Butterworth, Anna, Chaussidon, Marc, Cheuvront, Allan, Chi, Miaofang, Cintala, Mark J., Clark, B. C., Clemett, Simon J., Cody, George, Colangeli, Luigi, Cooper, George, Cordier, Patrick, Daghlian, C., Dai, Zurong, D'Hendecourt, Louis, Djouadi, Zahia, Dominguez, Gerardo, Duxbury, Tom, Dworkin, Jason P., Ebel, Denton S., Economou, Thanasis E., Fakra, Sirine, Fairey, Sam A. J., Fallon, Stewart, Ferrini, Gianluca, Ferroir, T., Fleckenstein, Holger, Floss, Christine, Flynn, George, Franchi, Ian A., Fries, Marc, Gainsforth, Z., Gallien, J.-P., Genge, Matt, Gilles, Mary K., Gillet, Philipe, Gilmour, Jamie, Glavin, Daniel P., Gounelle, Matthieu, Grady, Monica M., Graham, Giles A., Grant, P. G., Green, Simon F., Grossemy, Faustine, Grossman, Lawrence, Grossman, Jeffrey N., Guan, Yunbin, Hagiya, Kenji, Harvey, Ralph, Heck, Philipp, Herzog, Gregory F., Hoppe, Peter, Horz, Friedrich, Huth, Joachim, Hutcheon, Ian D., Ignatyev, Konstantin, Ishii, Hope, Ito, Motoo, Jacob, Damien, Jacobsen, Chris, Jacobsen, Stein, Jones, Steven, Joswiak, David, Jurewicz, Amy, Kearsley, Anton T., Keller, Lindsay P., Khodja, H., Kilcoyne, A. L. David, Kissel, Jochen, Krot, Alexander, Langenhorst, Falko, Lanzirotti, Antonio, Le, Loan, Leshin, Laurie A., Leitner, J., Lemelle, L., Leroux, Hugues, Liu, Ming-Chang, Luening, K., Lyon, Ian, MacPherson, Glen, Marcus, Matthew A., Marhas, Kuljeet, Marty, Bernard, Matrajt, Graciela, McKeegan, Kevin, Meibom, Anders, Mennella, Vito, Messenger, Keiko, Messenger, Scott, Mikouchi, Takashi, Mostefaoui, Smail, Nakamura, Tomoki, Nakano, T., Newville, M., ittler, Larry R., Ohnishi, Ichiro, Ohsumi, Kazumasa, 奥平, 恭子, Papanastassiou, Dimitri A., Palma, Russ, Palumbo, Maria E., Pepin, Robert O., Perkins, David, Perronnet, Murielle, Pianetta, P., Rao, William, Rietmeijer, Frans J. M., Robert, Francois, Rost, D., Rotundi, Alessandra, Ryan, Robert, Sandford, Scott A., Schwandt, Craig S., See, Thomas H., Schlutter, Dennis, Sheffield-Parker, J., Simionovici, Alexandre, Simon, Steven, Sitnitsky, I., Snead, Christopher J., Spencer, Maegan K., Stadermann, Frank J., Steele, Andrew, Stephan, Thomas, Stroud, Rhonda, Susini, Jean, Sutton, S. R., Suzuki, Y., Taheri, Mitra, Taylor, Susan, Teslich, Nick, Tomeoka, Kazu, Tomioka, Naotaka, Toppani, Alice, Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M., Troadec, David, Tsuchiyama, Akira, Tuzzolino, Anthony J., Tyliszczak, Tolek, Uesugi, K., Velbel, Michael, Vellenga, Joe, Vicenzi, E., Vincze, L., Warren, Jack, Weber, Iris, Weisberg, Mike, Westphal, Andrew J., Wirick, Sue, Wooden, Diane, Wopenka, Brigitte, Wozniakiewicz, Penelope, Wright, Ian, Yabuta, Hikaru, 矢野, 創, Young, Edward D., Zare, Richard N., Zega, Thomas, Ziegler, Karen, Zimmerman, Laurent, Zinner, Ernst, Zolensky, Michael, Okudaira, Kyoko, Yano, Hajime, Brownlee, Don, Tsou, Peter, Aleon, Jerome, Alexander, Conel M. O'D., Araki, Tohru, Bajt, Sasa, Baratta, Giuseppe A., Bastien, Ron, Bland, Phil, Bleuet, Pierre, Borg, Janet, Bradley, John P., Brearley, Adrian, Brenker, F., Brennan, Sean, Bridges, John C., Browning, Nigel D., Brucato, John R., Bullock, E., Burchell, Mark J., Busemann, Henner, Butterworth, Anna, Chaussidon, Marc, Cheuvront, Allan, Chi, Miaofang, Cintala, Mark J., Clark, B. C., Clemett, Simon J., Cody, George, Colangeli, Luigi, Cooper, George, Cordier, Patrick, Daghlian, C., Dai, Zurong, D'Hendecourt, Louis, Djouadi, Zahia, Dominguez, Gerardo, Duxbury, Tom, Dworkin, Jason P., Ebel, Denton S., Economou, Thanasis E., Fakra, Sirine, Fairey, Sam A. J., Fallon, Stewart, Ferrini, Gianluca, Ferroir, T., Fleckenstein, Holger, Floss, Christine, Flynn, George, Franchi, Ian A., Fries, Marc, Gainsforth, Z., Gallien, J.-P., Genge, Matt, Gilles, Mary K., Gillet, Philipe, Gilmour, Jamie, Glavin, Daniel P., Gounelle, Matthieu, Grady, Monica M., Graham, Giles A., Grant, P. G., Green, Simon F., Grossemy, Faustine, Grossman, Lawrence, Grossman, Jeffrey N., Guan, Yunbin, Hagiya, Kenji, Harvey, Ralph, Heck, Philipp, Herzog, Gregory F., Hoppe, Peter, Horz, Friedrich, Huth, Joachim, Hutcheon, Ian D., Ignatyev, Konstantin, Ishii, Hope, Ito, Motoo, Jacob, Damien, Jacobsen, Chris, Jacobsen, Stein, Jones, Steven, Joswiak, David, Jurewicz, Amy, Kearsley, Anton T., Keller, Lindsay P., Khodja, H., Kilcoyne, A. L. David, Kissel, Jochen, Krot, Alexander, Langenhorst, Falko, Lanzirotti, Antonio, Le, Loan, Leshin, Laurie A., Leitner, J., Lemelle, L., Leroux, Hugues, Liu, Ming-Chang, Luening, K., Lyon, Ian, MacPherson, Glen, Marcus, Matthew A., Marhas, Kuljeet, Marty, Bernard, Matrajt, Graciela, McKeegan, Kevin, Meibom, Anders, Mennella, Vito, Messenger, Keiko, Messenger, Scott, Mikouchi, Takashi, Mostefaoui, Smail, Nakamura, Tomoki, Nakano, T., Newville, M., ittler, Larry R., Ohnishi, Ichiro, Ohsumi, Kazumasa, 奥平, 恭子, Papanastassiou, Dimitri A., Palma, Russ, Palumbo, Maria E., Pepin, Robert O., Perkins, David, Perronnet, Murielle, Pianetta, P., Rao, William, Rietmeijer, Frans J. M., Robert, Francois, Rost, D., Rotundi, Alessandra, Ryan, Robert, Sandford, Scott A., Schwandt, Craig S., See, Thomas H., Schlutter, Dennis, Sheffield-Parker, J., Simionovici, Alexandre, Simon, Steven, Sitnitsky, I., Snead, Christopher J., Spencer, Maegan K., Stadermann, Frank J., Steele, Andrew, Stephan, Thomas, Stroud, Rhonda, Susini, Jean, Sutton, S. R., Suzuki, Y., Taheri, Mitra, Taylor, Susan, Teslich, Nick, Tomeoka, Kazu, Tomioka, Naotaka, Toppani, Alice, Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M., Troadec, David, Tsuchiyama, Akira, Tuzzolino, Anthony J., Tyliszczak, Tolek, Uesugi, K., Velbel, Michael, Vellenga, Joe, Vicenzi, E., Vincze, L., Warren, Jack, Weber, Iris, Weisberg, Mike, Westphal, Andrew J., Wirick, Sue, Wooden, Diane, Wopenka, Brigitte, Wozniakiewicz, Penelope, Wright, Ian, Yabuta, Hikaru, 矢野, 創, Young, Edward D., Zare, Richard N., Zega, Thomas, Ziegler, Karen, Zimmerman, Laurent, Zinner, Ernst, Zolensky, Michael, Okudaira, Kyoko, and Yano, Hajime

Abstract

著者人数: 183名

Published
2015

23. Comparing Wild 2 particles to chondrites and IDPs

Author

Zolensky, Michael, primary, Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko, additional, Rietmeijer, Frans, additional, Leroux, Hugues, additional, Mikouchi, Takashi, additional, Ohsumi, Kazumasa, additional, Simon, Steven, additional, Grossman, Lawrence, additional, Stephan, Thomas, additional, Weisberg, Michael, additional, Velbel, Michael, additional, Zega, Thomas, additional, Stroud, Rhonda, additional, Tomeoka, Kazushige, additional, Ohnishi, Ichiro, additional, Tomioka, Naotaka, additional, Nakamura, Tomoki, additional, Matrajt, Graciela, additional, Joswiak, David, additional, Brownlee, Donald, additional, Langenhorst, Falko, additional, Krot, Alexander, additional, Kearsley, Anton, additional, Ishii, Hope, additional, Graham, Giles, additional, Dai, Zu Rong, additional, Chi, Miaofang, additional, Bradley, John, additional, Hagiya, Kenji, additional, Gounelle, Matthieu, additional, Keller, Lindsay, additional, and Bridges, John, additional

Published
2008
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25. Corona Chemistry in Titan.

Author

Navarro-González, Rafael, primary, I. Ramírez, Sandra, additional, Matrajt, Graciela, additional, Basiuk, Vladimir, additional, and Basiuk., Elena, additional

Published
1998
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26. Diverse forms of primordial organic matter identified in interplanetary dust particles.

Author

MATRAJT, Graciela, MESSENGER, Scott, BROWNLEE, Don, and JOSWIAK, Dave

Subjects
*ORGANIC compounds, *DUST, *CARBONACEOUS chondrites (Meteorites), *TRANSMISSION electron microscopy, *SPACE vehicles
Abstract

- Coordinated in situ transmission electron microscopy and isotopic measurements of carbonaceous phases in interplanetary dust particles were performed to determine their origins. Five different types of carbonaceous materials were identified based on their morphology and texture, observed by transmission electron microscopy: globular, vesicular, dirty, spongy, and smooth. Flash heating experiments were performed to explore whether some of these morphologies are the result of atmospheric entry processes. Each of these morphologies was found to have isotopically anomalous H and N. Rare C isotopic anomalies were also observed. The isotopic and morphological properties of several of these phases, particularly the organic globules, are remarkably similar to those observed in other extraterrestrial materials including carbonaceous chondrites, comet 81P/Wild 2 particles collected by the Stardust spacecraft, and Antarctic micrometeorites, indicating that they were widespread in the early solar system. The ubiquitous nature and the isotopic anomalies of the nanoglobules and some other morphologies strongly suggest that these are very primitive phases. Given that some of the isotopic anomalies (D and 15N excesses) are indicative of mass fractionation chemical reactions in a very cold environment, and some others (13C and 15N depletions) have other origins, these carbonaceous phases come from different reservoirs. Whatever their origins, these materials probably reflect the first stages of the evolution of solar system organic matter, having originated in the outermost regions of the protosolar disk and/or interstellar cold molecular clouds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2012
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27. Report - Mineralogy and petrology of comet 81P/Wild 2 nucleus samples

Author

Zolensky, Michael E., Zega, Thomas J., Yano, Hajime, Wirick, Sue, Westphal, Andrew J., Weisberg, Mike K., Weber, Iris, Warren, Jack L., Velbel, Michael A., Tsuchiyama, Akira, Tsou, Peter, Toppani, Alice, Tomioka, Naotaka, Tomeoka, Kazushige, Teslich, Nick, Taheri, Mitra, Susini, Jean, Stroud, Rhonda, Stephan, Thomas, Stadermann, Frank J., Snead, Christopher J., Simon, Steven B., Simionovici, Alexandre, See, Thomas H., Robert, Francois, Rietmeijer, Frans J. M., Rao, William, Perronnet, Murielle C., Papanastassiou, Dimitri A., Okudaira, Kyoko, Ohsumi, Kazumasa, Ohnishi, Ichiro, Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko, Nakamura, Tomoki, Mostefaoui, Smail, Mikouchi, Takashi, Meibom, Anders, Matrajt, Graciela, Marcus, Matthew A., Leroux, Hugues, Lemelle, Laurence, Le, Loan, Lanzirotti, Antonio, Langenhorst, Falko, Krot, Alexander N., Keller, Lindsay P., Kearsley, Anton T., Joswiak, David, Jacob, Damien, Ishii, Hope, Harvey, Ralph, Hagiya, Kenji, Grossman, Lawrence, Grossman, Jeffrey N., Graham, Giles A., Gounelle, Matthieu, Gillet, Philippe, Genge, Matthew J., Flynn, George, Ferroir, Tristan, Fallon, Stewart, Ebel, Denton S., Dai, Zu Rong, Cordier, Patrick, Clark, Benton, Chi, Miaofang, Butterworth, Anna L., Brownlee, Donald E., Bridges, John C., Brennan, Sean, Brearley, Adrian, Bradley, John P., Bleuet, Pierre, Bland, Phil A., and Bastien, Ron

Subjects
Grains, Origin, Matrix, Olivine, Carbonaceous Chondrite, Solar-System, Halley, Components, Pyroxene, Interplanetary Dust Particles
Abstract

The bulk of the comet 81P/Wild 2 ( hereafter Wild 2) samples returned to Earth by the Stardust spacecraft appear to be weakly constructed mixtures of nanometer-scale grains, with occasional much larger ( over 1 micrometer) ferromagnesian silicates, Fe-Ni sulfides, Fe-Ni metal, and accessory phases. The very wide range of olivine and low-Ca pyroxene compositions in comet Wild 2 requires a wide range of formation conditions, probably reflecting very different formation locations in the protoplanetary disk. The restricted compositional ranges of Fe-Ni sulfides, the wide range for silicates, and the absence of hydrous phases indicate that comet Wild 2 experienced little or no aqueous alteration. Less abundant Wild 2 materials include a refractory particle, whose presence appears to require radial transport in the early protoplanetary disk.

29. Research article - Comet 81P/Wild 2 under a microscope

Author

Brownlee, Don, Tsou, Peter, Aleon, Jerome, Alexander, Conel M. O'D., Araki, Tohru, Bajt, Sasa, Baratta, Giuseppe A., Bastien, Ron, Bland, Phil, Bleuet, Pierre, Borg, Janet, Bradley, John P., Brearley, Adrian, Brenker, F., Brennan, Sean, Bridges, John C., Browning, Nigel D., Brucato, John R., Bullock, E., Burchell, Mark J., Busemann, Henner, Butterworth, Anna, Chaussidon, Marc, Cheuvront, Allan, Chi, Miaofang, Cintala, Mark J., Clark, B. C., Clemett, Simon J., Cody, George, Colangeli, Luigi, Cooper, George, Cordier, Patrick, Daghlian, C., Dai, Zurong, D'Hendecourt, Louis, Djouadi, Zahia, Dominguez, Gerardo, Duxbury, Tom, Dworkin, Jason P., Ebel, Denton S., Economou, Thanasis E., Fakra, Sirine, Fairey, Sam A. J., Fallon, Stewart, Ferrini, Gianluca, Ferroir, T., Fleckenstein, Holger, Floss, Christine, Flynn, George, Franchi, Ian A., Fries, Marc, Gainsforth, Z., Gallien, J. -P., Genge, Matt, Gilles, Mary K., Gillet, Philipe, Gilmour, Jamie, Glavin, Daniel P., Gounelle, Matthieu, Grady, Monica M., Graham, Giles A., Grant, P. G., Green, Simon F., Grossemy, Faustine, Grossman, Lawrence, Grossman, Jeffrey N., Guan, Yunbin, Hagiya, Kenji, Harvey, Ralph, Heck, Philipp, Herzog, Gregory F., Hoppe, Peter, Hoerz, Friedrich, Huth, Joachim, Hutcheon, Ian D., Ignatyev, Konstantin, Ishii, Hope, Ito, Motoo, Jacob, Damien, Jacobsen, Chris, Jacobsen, Stein, Jones, Steven, Joswiak, David, Jurewicz, Amy, Kearsley, Anton T., Keller, Lindsay P., Khodja, H., Kilcoyne, A. L. David, Kissel, Jochen, Krot, Alexander, Langenhorst, Falko, Lanzirotti, Antonio, Le, Loan, Leshin, Laurie A., Leitner, J., Lemelle, L., Leroux, Hugues, Liu, Ming-Chang, Luening, K., Lyon, Ian, MacPherson, Glen, Marcus, Matthew A., Marhas, Kuljeet, Marty, Bernard, Matrajt, Graciela, McKeegan, Kevin, Meibom, Anders, Mennella, Vito, Messenger, Keiko, Messenger, Scott, Mikouchi, Takashi, Mostefaoui, Smail, Nakamura, Tomoki, Nakano, T., Newville, M., Nittler, Larry R., Ohnishi, Ichiro, Ohsumi, Kazumasa, Okudaira, Kyoko, Papanastassiou, Dimitri A., Palma, Russ, Palumbo, Maria E., Pepin, Robert O., Perkins, David, Perronnet, Murielle, Pianetta, P., Rao, William, Rietmeijer, Frans J. M., Robert, Francois, Rost, D., Rotundi, Alessandra, Ryan, Robert, Sandford, Scott A., Schwandt, Craig S., See, Thomas H., Schlutter, Dennis, Sheffield-Parker, J., Simionovici, Alexandre, Simon, Steven, Sitnitsky, I., Snead, Christopher J., Spencer, Maegan K., Stadermann, Frank J., Steele, Andrew, Stephan, Thomas, Stroud, Rhonda, Susini, Jean, Sutton, S. R., Suzuki, Y., Taheri, Mitra, Taylor, Susan, Teslich, Nick, Tomeoka, Kazu, Tomioka, Naotaka, Toppani, Alice, Trigo-Rodriguez, Josep M., Troadec, David, Tsuchiyama, Akira, Tuzzolino, Anthony J., Tyliszczak, Tolek, Uesugi, K., Velbel, Michael, Vellenga, Joe, Vicenzi, E., Vincze, L., Warren, Jack, Weber, Iris, Weisberg, Mike, Westphal, Andrew J., Wirick, Sue, Wooden, Diane, Wopenka, Brigitte, Wozniakiewicz, Penelope, Wright, Ian, Yabuta, Hikaru, Yano, Hajime, Young, Edward D., Zare, Richard N., Zega, Thomas, Ziegler, Karen, Zimmerman, Laurent, Zinner, Ernst, and Zolensky, Michael

Subjects
Grains, Origin, Solar Nebula, Physics::Space Physics, Crystalline Silicates, P/Wild 2, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Kuiper Belt, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Mineralogy, Refractory Inclusions, Nucleus
Abstract

The Stardust spacecraft collected thousands of particles from comet 81P/Wild 2 and returned them to Earth for laboratory study. The preliminary examination of these samples shows that the nonvolatile portion of the comet is an unequilibrated assortment of materials that have both presolar and solar system origin. The comet contains an abundance of silicate grains that are much larger than predictions of interstellar grain models, and many of these are high-temperature minerals that appear to have formed in the inner regions of the solar nebula. Their presence in a comet proves that the formation of the solar system included mixing on the grandest scales.

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