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Aim. To clarify the spring aspect of the faunistic composition of Lepidoptera insects in the Republic of Dagestan as one of the most poorly studied regions of the European part of Russia.Materials and Methods. The collection of material was carried out in six localities of the Republic of Dagestan at light sources and with a butterfly net. The material was determined using modern guides.Results. We have determined 210 species of the families: Coleophoridae, Pterophoridae, Pyralidae, Crambidae, Drepanidae, Geometridae, Sphingidae, Saturniidae, Notodontidae, Erebidae and Noctuidae. Thirteen species are indicated for the fauna of Eastern Caucasus for the first time: Trypostela machinopis (Meyrick, 1936), Multicoloria vibicigerella (Zeller, 1839), Casignetella ancistron (Falkovitsh, 1976) (Coleophoridae), Gymnancyla gilvella (Ragonot, 1887) (Pyralidae), Hypena obesalis (Treitschke, 1829) (Erebidae), Clostera pigra (Hüfnagel, 1766) (Notodontidae), Cleora cinctaria ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), Chlorissa pretiosaria (Staudinger, 1887), Acasis viretata (Hübner, [1799]), Earophila badiata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), Pareulype berberata ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), Eupithecia assimilata (Doubleday, 1856) and Eupithecia intricata (Zetterstedt, 1839) (Geometridae).Conclusion. It seems very perspective to study the entomofauna of the Republic of Dagestan, especially in non‐standard periods: in spring and autumn.

Introduction. Currently, cases of illegal use of homemade fi rearms are increasingly common in expert practice. When examining the scene of the incident, experts seize bullets and shells fi red from homemade pistols and revolvers. While examining them, databases of traces are created. Possible reasons for the diff erence in the identification period of homemade fi rearms from factory ones are discussed. Experiment. To establish the identifi cation period in homemade fi rearms, experiments were carried out, during which a signifi cant diff erence was found between the identifi cation period of homemade fi rearms and factory-made fi rearms. Discussion of the results. When studying the dependence of maintaining the individualizing complex of features unchanged in traces on bullets and cartridge cases, it was revealed that the identifi cation period of homemade fi rearms is much shorter than that of factory-made fi rearms, which must be taken into account in expert practice.

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Background: There is no sufficiently accurate short-language measure that could be used by speech-language pathologists, teachers or paraprofessionals to screen young school-aged children to identify those requiring in-depth language evaluations. This may be due to poor development of the available measures, which have omitted crucial test development steps. Applying more stringent development procedures could result in a measure with sufficient accuracy. Aims: To create and validate a short-language measure that has acceptable accuracy, validity and reliability, and which can be used to identify children who require further assessment and/or referral to speech-language services. Methods & Procedures: The study consisted of two phases. In Phase 1 (measure creation), 56 children were assessed with 160 direction-following and sentence-recall test items and a reference measure, the Clinical Evaluation of Language Fundamentals--Fourth Edition (CELF-4). Items were then examined for their individual characteristics (validity, reliability, difficulty and discrimination) via item analysis and the highest quality items were selected to form the Short Language Measure (SLaM). In Phase 2 (measure validation), 126 children were assessed with the SLaM and the reference measure (CELF-4) to determine SLaM's accuracy, validity and reliability. Outcomes & Results: A total of 40 test items were selected to form SLaM in Phase 1. Findings from Phase 2 indicated that SLaM had an accuracy of 94% (sensitivity = 94%, specificity = 93%), validity of 0.89 and reliability of 0.93. These values remained relatively consistent across both phases. Conclusions & Implications: The results indicated that SLaM has excellent psychometric properties. It can be used to identify children who need further evaluation by a speech-language pathologist.

In 2019 and 2020, the population of Armada Staudinger, 1884 represented by specimens with light colouration of forewings (identical with this in Armada clio (Staudinger, 1884)) and with dark colouration (as in Armada barrygoateri Fibiger et Ronkay, 2003) was found in Stavropol Region of Russia. Study of genitalia of males and females with various colouration of forewings showed that all specimens belong to one species. Comparison of the females with the holotype of A. barrygoateri, described by a single female, and comparison of male genitalia with those of a topotype of A. clio showed the absence of clear differences between A. clio and A. barrygoateri, therefore the taxonomic rank of A. barrygoateri was changed to the subspecies, Armada clio barrygoateri stat. n., with the range limited by semideserts of Ciscaucasia.

Faunistic research in protected areas is of greatest interest since these are the most unique places in the region. Many of these are islands of minimal anthropogenic impact, such as the Mordovia State Nature Reserve (Russian Federation), founded in 1936. The purpose of the publication of the basis of faunistic research - occurrences of species, is availability of factual information to a broad range of researchers and its implication in research on a wider scale.For the first time, a total of 7,606 records of Lepidoptera occurrences from the Mordovia State Nature Reserve with coordinates have been published as a dataset. It is necessary to embed them in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) in order to make them accessible to everyone. As a result of research from 2007 to 2021, more than 600 taxa were identified for the first time for the territory of Mordovia State Nature Reserve, including more than 450 species for the Republic of Mordovia, four species for the Middle Volga Region and eight species for the Middle and Lower Volga Region.

Here we present additional data and the information about new records of Lepidoptera (Geometridae, Sphingidae, Lymantriidae, Erebidae s.str., Noctuidae, Arctiidae) from the Khakassia Republic and the South of Krasnoyarsk region. 45 species are reported for the fauna of both regions for the first time and the 4 species reliably confirmed. In our work, we use research records, collection of personal materials during 1986−2021 (collecting) seasons. As in works before, we acknowledge availability for several species, which were recorded here earlier doubtly. In addition, comparisons of moths flight activity 100 years agо and contemporary are given.

The paper contains data about 354 species of owlet moths, collected in 2017–2020 in Kyrgyzstan. This work is based on the examination of 4043 specimens, from which genitalia for 600 specimens were dissected. The following number of species is recorded for various territories of the country for the first time: 12 species for Kyrgyzstan; 27 species for West TianShan; eight species for Central Tian-Shan; 29 species for Inner Tian-Shan; one species for North Tian-Shan; 10 species for Alai. In total, 878 species of moths are known in the fauna of Kyrgyzstan. Due to the intermediate position of Kyrgyzstan between Kazakhstan and Tajikistan we can predict an average species number in Kyrgyzstan as between 950 and 1000 species. Thus, the fauna of Noctuoidea of this country is studied by 80–90% to the present time.

Acquired drug resistance prevents cancer therapies from achieving stable and complete responses. Emerging evidence implicates a key role for non-mutational drug resistance mechanisms underlying the survival of residual cancer 'persister' cells. The persister cell pool constitutes a reservoir from which drug-resistant tumours may emerge. Targeting persister cells therefore presents a therapeutic opportunity to impede tumour relapse. We previously found that cancer cells in a high mesenchymal therapy-resistant cell state are dependent on the lipid hydroperoxidase GPX4 for survival. Here we show that a similar therapy-resistant cell state underlies the behaviour of persister cells derived from a wide range of cancers and drug treatments. Consequently, we demonstrate that persister cells acquire a dependency on GPX4. Loss of GPX4 function results in selective persister cell ferroptotic death in vitro and prevents tumour relapse in mice. These findings suggest that targeting of GPX4 may represent a therapeutic strategy to prevent acquired drug resistance.

The Balkan Peninsula is a geographical region under various large-scale climatic influences, one of the most significant being the Mediterranean Sea in the southwest and the continent in the northeast. The novelty of this study is that the border between the zones with prevailing maritime or continental climate conditions is clearly identified by the month with the highest precipitation during the year. We use the gridded data product TS_4.06 of the Climatic Research Unit for monthly precipitation to identify the timing of the maximum rainfall at different locations. The grid boxes with highest precipitation in the cold part of the year (October to March) are considered to be under prevailing Mediterranean influences and, on the contrary, the ones with the highest precipitation are in the warm part of the year (April to September); these are climates with prevailing continental characteristics. In general, this border separates the zones with Cs and Dw types of climates. Its spatial variability at a decadal time-scale is discussed for the period from 1901–2021 and a general weakening of the Mediterranean influence over the Balkan Peninsula is found. However, for the last three decades, from 1991–2021, the tendency is the opposite. A periodicity of ~20 years is identified, suggesting that during the decade of 2020–2030, the Mediterranean influence in this region will dominate.

Background: The inaccurate estimation of language difficulties by teachers suggests the benefit of a short-language measure that could be used to support their decisions about who requires referral to a speech-language therapist. While the literature indicates the potential for the development of a short-language measure, evidence is lacking about which combination of language tasks it should include. Aims: To understand the number and nature of components/language tasks that should be included in a short-language measure for children in the early school years. Methods & Procedures: Eight language tasks were administered to participants of the Early Language in Victoria Study (ELVS) at ages 5 (n = 995) and 7 (n = 1217). These included six language tasks measured by an omnibus language measure (which comprised a direction-following, morphological-completion, sentence-recall, sentence-formation, syntactic-understanding and word-association task) and a non-word repetition and a receptive vocabulary task, measured by two task-specific language measures. Scores were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA), the Bland and Altman method, and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Outcomes & Results: PCA revealed one main component of language that was assessed by all language tasks. The most effective combination of two tasks that measured this component was a direction-following and a sentence-recall task. It showed the greatest agreement with an omnibus language measure and exceeded the criterion for good discriminant accuracy (sensitivity = 94%, specificity = 91%, accuracy = 91%, at 1 SD (standard deviation) below the mean). Conclusions & Implications: Findings support the combination of a direction-following and a sentence-recall task to assess language ability effectively in the early school years. The results could justify the future production of a novel short-language measure comprising a direction-following and a sentence-recall task to use as a screening tool in schools and to assess language ability in research participants.

Black Sea freezing in winter is observed regularly in its northern parts and near the Kerch Strait. The reason for this is the relatively shallow northwestern shelf part and the river inflow of the three major European rivers Danube, Dnieper, and Dniester, as well as Don through the Azov Sea, carrying a large amount of fresh water to this part of the Black Sea. The global warming that has been observed in recent decades has made these episodes less intense; nevertheless, they exist and impact people who live n the area. The aim of this study is to analyze the extent of sea-ice variability in the last 15 years, observed by satellite observations, and to describe the weather conditions favorable for freezing to occur. It is found that, in 2006, 2012 and 2017, sea ice extended unusually southward, which is related to the unusually cold winter and weather conditions in these years. The weather patterns associated with the periods of maximal sea ice in the Black Sea are discussed. In addition, we analyze how the winter conditions change in the period 1926–2021 by combining different data sources. The winter is classified as cold, moderate or mild through the Winter Severity Index following a previously published methodology. The findings in our paper could help to monitor and predict these events and to inform the interested end-users.

Regulation of microtubule dynamics is essential for many cell biological processes and is likely to be variable between different subcellular regions. We describe a computational approach to analyze microtubule dynamics by detecting growing microtubule plus ends. Our algorithm tracked all EB1-EGFP comets visible in an image time-lapse sequence allowing the detection of spatial patterns of microtubule dynamics. We introduce spatiotemporal clustering of EB1-EGFP growth tracks to infer microtubule behaviors during phases of pause and shortening. We validated the algorithm by comparing the results to data for manually tracked, homogeneously labeled microtubules and by analyzing the effects of well-characterized inhibitors of microtubule polymerization dynamics. We used our method to analyze spatial variations of intracellular microtubule dynamics in migrating epithelial cells.

Polarity of the microtubule (MT) cytoskeleton is essential for many cell functions. Cytoplasmic linker-associated proteins (CLASPs) are MT-associated proteins thought to organize intracellular MTs and display a unique spatiotemporal regulation. In migrating epithelial cells, CLASPs track MT plus ends in the cell body but bind along MTs in the lamella. In this study, we demonstrate that glycogen synthase kinase 3beta (GSK3beta) directly phosphorylates CLASPs at multiple sites in the domain required for MT plus end tracking. Although complete phosphorylation disrupts both plus end tracking and association along lamella MTs, we show that partial phosphorylation of the identified GSK3beta motifs determines whether CLASPs track plus ends or associate along MTs. In addition, we find that expression of constitutively active GSK3beta destabilizes lamella MTs by disrupting lateral MT interactions with the cell cortex. GSK3beta-induced lamella MT destabilization was partially rescued by expression of CLASP2 with mutated phosphorylation sites. This indicates that CLASP-mediated stabilization of peripheral MTs, which likely occurs in the vicinity of focal adhesions, may be regulated by local GSK3beta inactivation.