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A mixture design was used to optimize the mobile phase composition for separation of carbohydrates in honey by High Performance Liquid Chromatography. Nine ternary acetronitrile, water and ethyl acetate mobile phases corresponding to a simplex centroid design with axial points were test to separate those carbohydrates most frequently encountered in honey samples. The results suggest that a special cubic model accurately describes changes in the proportions of these solvents in the mobile phase close to the region of optimal peak separation. The addition of a third solvent, ethyl acetate, to binary mobile phase of water and acetonitrile permitted a significant improvement in carbohydrate separation that can be applied to the quantitative analysis of these compounds in honey.

The synthesis, characterization and a thermal (TG and DSC) study of the coordination compounds Gd(MS)3.(py-NO)2, Gd(MS)3.(2-picNO)2, Gd(MS)3 .(3-picNO)2, Gd(MS)3.(4-picNO)2, Lu(MS)3.(py-NO)2.2H2O, Lu(MS)3 (2-picNO)1.5.H2O, Lu(MS)3. (3-picNO) and Lu(MS)3.(4-picNO)2 are reported (MS = methanesulfonate, py-NO = pyridine-N-oxide, 2-picNO, 3-picNo and 4-picNO are 2-, 3- and 4-picoline-N-oxides, respectively). The observed thermal stability trend is: 2-picNO < py-NO < 4-picNO < 3-picNO for Gd and 2-picNO < 4-picNO < 3-picNO < py-NO for Lu. It was shown that the release of ligand molecules (endothermic) is followed by the thermal degradation of the ligands (exothermic).

Low frequency Raman spectra of ionic liquids have been obtained as a function of pressure up to ca. 4.0 GPa at room temperature and as a function of temperature along the supercooled liquid and glassy state at atmospheric pressure. Intermolecular vibrations are observed at ∼20, ∼70, and ∼100 cm-1 at room temperature in ionic liquids based on 1-alkyl-3-methylimidazolium cations. The component at ∼100 cm-1 is assigned to librational motion of the imidazolium ring because it is absent in non-aromatic ionic liquids. There is a correspondence between the position of intermolecular vibrational modes in the normal liquid state and the spectral features that the Raman spectra exhibit after partial crystallization of samples at low temperatures or high pressures. The pressure-induced frequency shift of the librational mode is larger than the other two components that exhibit similar frequency shifts. The lowest frequency vibration observed in a glassy state corresponds to the boson peak observed in light and neutron scattering spectra of glass-formers. The frequency of the boson peak is not dependent on the length scale of polar/non-polar heterogeneity of ionic liquids, it depends instead on the strength of anion-cation interaction. As long as the boson peak is assigned to a mixing between localized modes and transverse acoustic excitations of high wavevectors, it is proposed that the other component observed in Raman spectra of ionic liquids has a partial character of longitudinal acoustic excitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of FDU-1 silica in the presence of triblock copolymer B50-6600 under acidic conditions was investigated. It was observed that the synthesis was enhanced by the addition of organic salt namely sodium chloride.

The structure determination and an extensive exploration of the opportunities in the pore structure tailoring for a prominent member of ordered silicas with cage-like mesoporous structure (OSCMS) family are reported. It is shown that the temperature and time control during the synthesis allows one to gradually change cage-like pores of FDU-1 to a highly open and accessible porous system with narrow pore size distribution.

Magnetic separation can be considered a green technology because it is fast, efficient, consumes low energy, and minimizes the use of solvents and the generation of waste. It has been successfully used in laboratory scale to facilitate supported catalysts' handling, separation, recovery, and recycling. Only few materials are intrisically magnetic, hence the application of magnetic materials as catalyst supports has broaden the use of magnetic separation. Iron oxides, silica-coated iron oxides, and carbon-coated-cobalt are among the most studied catalyst supports; however, other metal oxide coatings, such as ceria and titania, are also very interesting for application in catalysis. Here we report the preparation of magnetically recoverable magnetic supports containing silica, ceria, and titania. We found that the silica shell protects the iron oxide core and allows the crystalization of ceria and titania at high temperature without compromising the magnetic properties of the catalyst supports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A practical approach to the determining of the pore entrance size in ordered silicas with cage like mesoporous structures(OSCMS) is detailed. The approach employs the reaction of OSCMS surface with monofunctional organosilane, which results in the introduction of a monolayer of ligands of well-defined structure.

Purpose: In this study, we characterized rabbit corneas subjected to corneal cross-linking (CXL) with açaí extract compared with a riboflavin photo-stimulated procedure. Materials and Methods: The corneas of the slaughterhouse rabbits were divided into three groups: control, consisting of untreated corneal samples; riboflavin/UVA, where corneas were treated with 0.1% riboflavin photo-stimulated at 365 nm as the standard protocol; and açaí, where the samples were subjected to 4% açaí extract for 0.5–2 h. After the CXL procedure, corneas of the three groups were characterized by analyzing their elastic modulus and thermal denaturation profile. Results: The elastic modulus at 3% strain showed an approximately threefold increase in the riboflavin/UVA group and 10.5 times in the corneas treated with 4% açaí extract for 2 h, compared with the control group (p< 0.01). The denaturation temperature values of the two groups of crosslinked corneas increased significantly (p< 0.05) and were more pronounced in the açaí group. Conclusions: The açaí extract was effective in promoting CXL in rabbit corneas as characterized by the different techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]