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1. An estimate of the number of tropical tree species

Author

Slik, JW Ferry, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F, Ashton, Peter, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith L, Bellingham, Peter J, van den Berg, Eduardo, Bernacci, Luis, da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna, Blanc, Lilian, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Bradford, Matt, Brearley, Francis Q, Hockemba, Mireille Breuer-Ndoundou, Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh, Matos, Darley Calderado Leal, Castillo-Santiago, Miguel, Catharino, Eduardo LM, Chai, Shauna-Lee, Chen, Yukai, Colwell, Robert K, Chazdon, Robin L, Clark, Connie, Clark, David B, Clark, Deborah A, Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, Handanakere S, Dauby, Gilles, Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J, Doucet, Jean-Louis, Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl AO, Eisenlohr, Pedro V, Eler, Eduardo, Ewango, Corneille, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J, Ferreira, Leandro, Field, Richard, de Oliveira Filho, Ary T, Fletcher, Christine, Forshed, Olle, Franco, Geraldo, Fredriksson, Gabriella, Gillespie, Thomas, Gillet, Jean-François, Amarnath, Giriraj, Griffith, Daniel M, Grogan, James, Gunatilleke, Nimal, Harris, David, Harrison, Rhett, Hector, Andy, Homeier, Jürgen, Imai, Nobuo, Itoh, Akira, Jansen, Patrick A, Joly, Carlos A, de Jong, Bernardus HJ, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L, Kenfack, David, Kessler, Michael, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Kooyman, Robert, Larney, Eileen, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William F, Lawes, Michael J, do Amaral, Ieda Leao, Letcher, Susan G, Lindsell, Jeremy, Lu, Xinghui, Mansor, Asyraf, Marjokorpi, Antti, Martin, Emanuel H, Meilby, Henrik, Melo, Felipe PL, Metcalfe, Daniel J, Medjibe, Vincent P, Metzger, Jean Paul, Millet, Jerome, Mohandass, D, Montero, Juan C, de Morisson Valeriano, Márcio, Mugerwa, Badru, Nagamasu, Hidetoshi, Nilus, Reuben, and Ochoa-Gaona, Susana

Subjects
Life Below Water, Biodiversity, Conservation of Natural Resources, Databases, Factual, Ecosystem, Forests, Phylogeography, Rainforest, Species Specificity, Statistics, Nonparametric, Trees, Tropical Climate, diversity estimation, Fisher's log series, pantropical, spatial richness patterns, tropical tree species richness, Fisher’s log series
Abstract

The high species richness of tropical forests has long been recognized, yet there remains substantial uncertainty regarding the actual number of tropical tree species. Using a pantropical tree inventory database from closed canopy forests, consisting of 657,630 trees belonging to 11,371 species, we use a fitted value of Fisher's alpha and an approximate pantropical stem total to estimate the minimum number of tropical forest tree species to fall between ∼ 40,000 and ∼ 53,000, i.e., at the high end of previous estimates. Contrary to common assumption, the Indo-Pacific region was found to be as species-rich as the Neotropics, with both regions having a minimum of ∼ 19,000-25,000 tree species. Continental Africa is relatively depauperate with a minimum of ∼ 4,500-6,000 tree species. Very few species are shared among the African, American, and the Indo-Pacific regions. We provide a methodological framework for estimating species richness in trees that may help refine species richness estimates of tree-dependent taxa.

Published
2015

2. Phylogenetic classification of the world’s tropical forests

Author

Slik, J. W. Ferry, Franklin, Janet, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Field, Richard, Aguilar, Salomon, Aguirre, Nikolay, Ahumada, Jorge, Aiba, Shin-Ichiro, Alves, Luciana F., K, Anitha, Avella, Andres, Mora, Francisco, Aymard C., Gerardo A., Báez, Selene, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith L., Bastin, Jean-François, Bellingham, Peter J., van den Berg, Eduardo, da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna, Boeckx, Pascal, Boehning-Gaese, Katrin, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Brambach, Fabian, Brearley, Francis Q., Brown, Sandra, Chai, Shauna-Lee, Chazdon, Robin L., Chen, Shengbin, Chhang, Phourin, Chuyong, George, Ewango, Corneille, Coronado, Indiana M., Cristóbal-Azkarate, Jurgi, Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, H. S., Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J., Din, Hazimah, Drake, Donald R., Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl, Eler, Eduardo Schmidt, Enoki, Tsutomu, Ensslin, Andreas, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J., Fischer, Markus, Forshed, Olle, Garcia, Queila Souza, Garkoti, Satish Chandra, Gillespie, Thomas W., Gillet, Jean-Francois, Gonmadje, Christelle, la Cerda, Iñigo Granzow-de, Griffith, Daniel M., Grogan, James, Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, Harris, David J., Harrison, Rhett D., Hector, Andy, Hemp, Andreas, Homeier, Jürgen, Hussain, M. Shah, Ibarra-Manríquez, Guillermo, Hanum, I. Faridah, Imai, Nobuo, Jansen, Patrick A., Joly, Carlos Alfredo, Joseph, Shijo, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L., Kessler, Michael, Killeen, Timothy J., Kooyman, Robert M., Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan G., Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., Letcher, Susan G., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lovett, Jon, Lozada, Jose, Lu, Xinghui, Lykke, Anne Mette, Mahmud, Khairil Bin, Mahayani, Ni Putu Diana, Mansor, Asyraf, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Matos, Darley Calderado Leal, Meave, Jorge A., Melo, Felipe P. L., Mendoza, Zhofre Huberto Aguirre, Metali, Faizah, Medjibe, Vincent P., Metzger, Jean Paul, Metzker, Thiago, Mohandass, D., Munguía-Rosas, Miguel A., Muñoz, Rodrigo, Nurtjahy, Eddy, de Oliveira, Eddie Lenza, Parolin, Pia, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, N., Paudel, Ekananda, Perez, Rolando, Pérez-García, Eduardo A., Pommer, Ulf, Poorter, Lourens, Qie, Lan, Piedade, Maria Teresa F., Pinto, José Roberto Rodrigues, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Poulsen, John R., Powers, Jennifer S., Prasad, Rama Chandra, Puyravaud, Jean-Philippe, Rangel, Orlando, Reitsma, Jan, Rocha, Diogo S. B., Rolim, Samir, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Rutishauser, Ervan, Rutten, Gemma, Said, Mohd. Nizam Mohd., Saiter, Felipe Z., Saner, Philippe, Santos, Braulio, dos Santos, João Roberto, Sarker, Swapan Kumar, Schmitt, Christine B., Schoengart, Jochen, Schulze, Mark, Sheil, Douglas, Sist, Plinio, Souza, Alexandre F., Spironello, Wilson Roberto, Sposito, Tereza, Steinmetz, Robert, Stevart, Tariq, Suganuma, Marcio Seiji, Sukri, Rahayu, Sultana, Aisha, Sukumar, Raman, Sunderland, Terry, Suresh, H. S., Suzuki, Eizi, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Tang, Jianwei, Tanner, Ed V. J., Targhetta, Natalia, Theilade, Ida, Thomas, Duncan, Timberlake, Jonathan, de Morisson Valeriano, Márcio, van Valkenburg, Johan, Van Do, Tran, Van Sam, Hoang, Vandermeer, John H., Verbeeck, Hans, Vetaa, Ole Reidar, Adekunle, Victor, Vieira, Simone A., Webb, Campbell O., Webb, Edward L., Whitfeld, Timothy, Wich, Serge, Williams, John, Wiser, Susan, Wittmann, Florian, Yang, Xiaobo, Yao, C. Yves Adou, Yap, Sandra L., Zahawi, Rakan A., Zakaria, Rahmad, and Zang, Runguo

Published
2018

3. Phylogenetic classification of the world's tropical forests

Author

Slik, J.W.F., Franklin, Janet, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Field, Richard, Aguilar, Salomon, Aguirre, Nikolay, Ahumada, Jorge, Aiba, Shin Ichiro, Alves, Luciana F., Anitha, K., Avella, Andres, Mora, Francisco, Aymard, Gerardo A.C., Báez, Selene, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith L., Bastin, Jean François, Bellingham, Peter J., Van Den Berg, Eduardo, Da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna, Boeckx, Pascal, Boehning-Gaese, Katrin, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Brambach, Fabian, Brearley, Francis Q., Brown, Sandra, Chai, Shauna Lee, Chazdon, Robin L., Chen, Shengbin, Chhang, Phourin, Chuyong, George, Ewango, Corneille, Coronado, Indiana M., Cristóbal-Azkarate, Jurgi, Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, H.S., Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J., Din, Hazimah, Drake, Donald R., Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl, Eler, Eduardo Schmidt, Enoki, Tsutomu, Ensslin, Andreas, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J., Fischer, Markus, Forshed, Olle, Garcia, Queila Souza, Garkoti, Satish Chandra, Gillespie, Thomas W., Gillet, Jean Francois, Gonmadje, Christelle, Granzow-De La Cerda, Iñigo, Griffith, Daniel M., Grogan, James, Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, Harris, David J., Harrison, Rhett D., Hector, Andy, Hemp, Andreas, Homeier, Jürgen, Hussain, M.S., Ibarra-Manríquez, Guillermo, Hanum, I.F., Imai, Nobuo, Jansen, Patrick A., Joly, Carlos Alfredo, Joseph, Shijo, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L., Kessler, Michael, Killeen, Timothy J., Kooyman, Robert M., Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan G., Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., Letcher, Susan G., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lovett, Jon, Lozada, Jose, Lu, Xinghui, Lykke, Anne Mette, Bin Mahmud, Khairil, Mahayani, Ni Putu Diana, Mansor, Asyraf, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Matos, Darley Calderado Leal, Meave, Jorge A., Melo, Felipe P.L., Mendoza, Zhofre Huberto Aguirre, Metali, Faizah, Medjibe, Vincent P., Metzger, Jean Paul, Metzker, Thiago, Mohandass, D., Munguía-Rosas, Miguel A., Muñoz, Rodrigo, Nurtjahy, Eddy, De Oliveira, Eddie Lenza, Onrizal, Parolin, Pia, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, N., Paudel, Ekananda, Perez, Rolando, Pérez-García, Eduardo A., Pommer, Ulf, Poorter, Lourens, Qi, Lan, Piedade, Maria Teresa F., Pinto, José Roberto Rodrigues, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Poulsen, John R., Powers, Jennifer S., Prasad, Rama Chandra, Puyravaud, Jean Philippe, Rangel, Orlando, Reitsma, Jan, Rocha, Diogo S.B., Rolim, Samir, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Rutishauser, Ervan, Rutten, Gemma, Mohd Said, Mohd Nizam, Saiter, Felipe Z., Saner, Philippe, Santos, Braulio, Dos Santos, João Roberto, Sarker, Swapan Kumar, Schmitt, Christine B., Schoengart, Jochen, Schulze, Mark, Sheil, Douglas, Sist, Plinio, Souza, Alexandre F., Spironello, Wilson Roberto, Sposito, Tereza, Steinmetz, Robert, Stevart, Tariq, Suganuma, Marcio Seiji, Sukri, Rahayu, Sultana, Aisha, Sukumar, Raman, Sunderland, Terry, Supriyadi, S., Suresh, H.S., Suzuki, Eizi, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Tang, Jianwei, Tanner, Ed V.J., Targhetta, Natalia, Theilade, Ida, Thomas, Duncan, Timberlake, Jonathan, De Morisson Valeriano, Márcio, Van Valkenburg, Johan, Van Do, Tran, Van Sam, Hoang, Vandermeer, John H., Verbeeck, Hans, Vetaas, Ole Reidar, Adekunle, Victor, Vieira, Simone A., Webb, Campbell O., Webb, Edward L., Whitfeld, Timothy, Wich, Serge, Williams, John, Wiser, Susan, Wittmann, Florian, Yang, Xiaobo, Yao, C.Y.A., Yap, Sandra L., Zahawi, Rakan A., Zakaria, Rahmad, Zang, Runguo, Slik, J.W.F., Franklin, Janet, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Field, Richard, Aguilar, Salomon, Aguirre, Nikolay, Ahumada, Jorge, Aiba, Shin Ichiro, Alves, Luciana F., Anitha, K., Avella, Andres, Mora, Francisco, Aymard, Gerardo A.C., Báez, Selene, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith L., Bastin, Jean François, Bellingham, Peter J., Van Den Berg, Eduardo, Da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna, Boeckx, Pascal, Boehning-Gaese, Katrin, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Brambach, Fabian, Brearley, Francis Q., Brown, Sandra, Chai, Shauna Lee, Chazdon, Robin L., Chen, Shengbin, Chhang, Phourin, Chuyong, George, Ewango, Corneille, Coronado, Indiana M., Cristóbal-Azkarate, Jurgi, Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, H.S., Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J., Din, Hazimah, Drake, Donald R., Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl, Eler, Eduardo Schmidt, Enoki, Tsutomu, Ensslin, Andreas, Fandohan, Adandé Belarmain, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J., Fischer, Markus, Forshed, Olle, Garcia, Queila Souza, Garkoti, Satish Chandra, Gillespie, Thomas W., Gillet, Jean Francois, Gonmadje, Christelle, Granzow-De La Cerda, Iñigo, Griffith, Daniel M., Grogan, James, Hakeem, Khalid Rehman, Harris, David J., Harrison, Rhett D., Hector, Andy, Hemp, Andreas, Homeier, Jürgen, Hussain, M.S., Ibarra-Manríquez, Guillermo, Hanum, I.F., Imai, Nobuo, Jansen, Patrick A., Joly, Carlos Alfredo, Joseph, Shijo, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L., Kessler, Michael, Killeen, Timothy J., Kooyman, Robert M., Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan G., Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., Letcher, Susan G., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lovett, Jon, Lozada, Jose, Lu, Xinghui, Lykke, Anne Mette, Bin Mahmud, Khairil, Mahayani, Ni Putu Diana, Mansor, Asyraf, Marshall, Andrew R., Martin, Emanuel H., Matos, Darley Calderado Leal, Meave, Jorge A., Melo, Felipe P.L., Mendoza, Zhofre Huberto Aguirre, Metali, Faizah, Medjibe, Vincent P., Metzger, Jean Paul, Metzker, Thiago, Mohandass, D., Munguía-Rosas, Miguel A., Muñoz, Rodrigo, Nurtjahy, Eddy, De Oliveira, Eddie Lenza, Onrizal, Parolin, Pia, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, N., Paudel, Ekananda, Perez, Rolando, Pérez-García, Eduardo A., Pommer, Ulf, Poorter, Lourens, Qi, Lan, Piedade, Maria Teresa F., Pinto, José Roberto Rodrigues, Poulsen, Axel Dalberg, Poulsen, John R., Powers, Jennifer S., Prasad, Rama Chandra, Puyravaud, Jean Philippe, Rangel, Orlando, Reitsma, Jan, Rocha, Diogo S.B., Rolim, Samir, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Rutishauser, Ervan, Rutten, Gemma, Mohd Said, Mohd Nizam, Saiter, Felipe Z., Saner, Philippe, Santos, Braulio, Dos Santos, João Roberto, Sarker, Swapan Kumar, Schmitt, Christine B., Schoengart, Jochen, Schulze, Mark, Sheil, Douglas, Sist, Plinio, Souza, Alexandre F., Spironello, Wilson Roberto, Sposito, Tereza, Steinmetz, Robert, Stevart, Tariq, Suganuma, Marcio Seiji, Sukri, Rahayu, Sultana, Aisha, Sukumar, Raman, Sunderland, Terry, Supriyadi, S., Suresh, H.S., Suzuki, Eizi, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Tang, Jianwei, Tanner, Ed V.J., Targhetta, Natalia, Theilade, Ida, Thomas, Duncan, Timberlake, Jonathan, De Morisson Valeriano, Márcio, Van Valkenburg, Johan, Van Do, Tran, Van Sam, Hoang, Vandermeer, John H., Verbeeck, Hans, Vetaas, Ole Reidar, Adekunle, Victor, Vieira, Simone A., Webb, Campbell O., Webb, Edward L., Whitfeld, Timothy, Wich, Serge, Williams, John, Wiser, Susan, Wittmann, Florian, Yang, Xiaobo, Yao, C.Y.A., Yap, Sandra L., Zahawi, Rakan A., Zakaria, Rahmad, and Zang, Runguo

Abstract

Knowledge about the biogeographic affinities of the world's tropical forests helps to better understand regional differences in forest structure, diversity, composition, and dynamics. Such understanding will enable anticipation of region-specific responses to global environmental change. Modern phylogenies, in combination with broad coverage of species inventory data, now allow for global biogeographic analyses that take species evolutionary distance into account. Here we present a classification of the world's tropical forests based on their phylogenetic similarity. We identify five principal floristic regions and their floristic relationships: (i) Indo-Pacific, (ii) Subtropical, (iii) African, (iv) American, and (v) Dry forests. Our results do not support the traditional neo- versus paleotropical forest division but instead separate the combined American and African forests from their Indo-Pacific counterparts. We also find indications for the existence of a global dry forest region, with representatives in America, Africa, Madagascar, and India. Additionally, a northern-hemisphere Subtropical forest region was identified with representatives in Asia and America, providing support for a link between Asian and American northernhemisphere forests.

Published
2018

4. An estimate of the number of tropical tree species

Author

Slik, J. W Ferry, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Aiba, Shin Ichiro, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Ashton, Peter, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith L., Bellingham, Peter J., Van Den Berg, Eduardo, Bernacci, Luis, Da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna, Blanc, Lilian, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Bradford, Matt, Brearley, Francis Q., Hockemba, Mireille Breuer Ndoundou, Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh, Matos, Darley Calderado Leal, Castillo-Santiago, Miguel, Catharino, Eduardo L M, Chai, Shauna Lee, Chen, Yukai, Colwell, Robert K., Robin, Chazdon L., Clark, Connie, Clark, David B., Clark, Deborah A., Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, Handanakere S., Dauby, Gilles, Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J., Doucet, Jean Louis, Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl A O, Eisenlohr, Pedro V., Eler, Eduardo, Ewango, Corneille, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J., Ferreira, Leandro, Field, Richard, De Oliveira Filho, Ary T., Fletcher, Christine, Forshed, Olle, Franco, Geraldo, Fredriksson, Gabriella, Gillespie, Thomas, Gillet, Jean François, Amarnath, Giriraj, Griffith, Daniel M., Grogan, James, Gunatilleke, Nimal, Harris, David, Harrison, Rhett, Hector, Andy, Homeier, Jürgen, Imai, Nobuo, Itoh, Akira, Jansen, Patrick A., Joly, Carlos A., De Jong, Bernardus H J, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L., Kenfack, David, Kessler, Michael, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Kooyman, Robert, Larney, Eileen, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., Do Amaral, Ieda Leao, Letche, Susan G., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lu, Xinghui, Mansor, Asyraf, Marjokorpi, Antti, Martin, Emanuel H., Meilby, Henrik, Melo, Felipe P L, Metcalfe, Daniel J., Medjibe, Vincent P., Metzger, Jean Paul, Millet, Jerome, Mohandass, D., Montero, Juan C., De Morisson Valeriano, Márcio, Mugerwa, Badru, Nagamasu, Hidetoshi, Nilus, Reuben, Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Onrizal, Page, Navendu, Parolin, Pia, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Paudel, Ekananda, Permana, Andrea, Piedade, Maria T F, Pitman, Nigel C A, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, Axel D., Poulsen, John, Powers, Jennifer, Prasad, Rama C., Puyravaud, Jean Philippe, Razafimahaimodison, Jean Claude, Reitsma, Jan, Dos Santos, João Roberto, Spironello, Wilson Roberto, Romero-Saltos, Hugo, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes Hamuraby, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saiter, Felipe, Saner, Philippe, Santos, Braulio A., Santos, Fernanda, Sarker, Swapan K., Satdichanh, Manichanh, Schmitt, Christine B., Schöngart, Jochen, Schulze, Mark, Suganuma, Marcio S., Sheil, Douglas, Da Silva Pinheiro, Eduardo, Sist, Plinio, Stevart, Tariq, Sukumar, Raman, Sun, I. Fang, Sunderand, Terry, Suresh, H. S., Suzuki, Eizi, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Tang, Jangwei, Targhetta, Natália, Theilade, Ida, Thomas, Duncan W., Tchouto, Peguy, Hurtado, Johanna, Valencia, Renato, Van Valkenburg, Johan L C H, Van Do, Tran, Vasquez, Rodolfo, Verbeeck, Hans, Adekunle, Victor, Vieira, Simone A., Webb, Campbell O., Whitfeld, Timothy, Wich, Serge A., Williams, John, Wittmann, Florian, Wöll, Hannsjoerg, Yang, Xiaobo, Yao, C. Yves Adou, Yap, Sandra L., Yoneda, Tsuyoshi, Zahawi, Rakan A., Zakaria, Rahmad, Zang, Runguo, De Assis, Rafael L., Luize, Bruno Garcia, Venticinque, Eduardo M., Slik, J. W Ferry, Arroyo-Rodríguez, Víctor, Aiba, Shin Ichiro, Alvarez-Loayza, Patricia, Alves, Luciana F., Ashton, Peter, Balvanera, Patricia, Bastian, Meredith L., Bellingham, Peter J., Van Den Berg, Eduardo, Bernacci, Luis, Da Conceição Bispo, Polyanna, Blanc, Lilian, Böhning-Gaese, Katrin, Boeckx, Pascal, Bongers, Frans, Boyle, Brad, Bradford, Matt, Brearley, Francis Q., Hockemba, Mireille Breuer Ndoundou, Bunyavejchewin, Sarayudh, Matos, Darley Calderado Leal, Castillo-Santiago, Miguel, Catharino, Eduardo L M, Chai, Shauna Lee, Chen, Yukai, Colwell, Robert K., Robin, Chazdon L., Clark, Connie, Clark, David B., Clark, Deborah A., Culmsee, Heike, Damas, Kipiro, Dattaraja, Handanakere S., Dauby, Gilles, Davidar, Priya, DeWalt, Saara J., Doucet, Jean Louis, Duque, Alvaro, Durigan, Giselda, Eichhorn, Karl A O, Eisenlohr, Pedro V., Eler, Eduardo, Ewango, Corneille, Farwig, Nina, Feeley, Kenneth J., Ferreira, Leandro, Field, Richard, De Oliveira Filho, Ary T., Fletcher, Christine, Forshed, Olle, Franco, Geraldo, Fredriksson, Gabriella, Gillespie, Thomas, Gillet, Jean François, Amarnath, Giriraj, Griffith, Daniel M., Grogan, James, Gunatilleke, Nimal, Harris, David, Harrison, Rhett, Hector, Andy, Homeier, Jürgen, Imai, Nobuo, Itoh, Akira, Jansen, Patrick A., Joly, Carlos A., De Jong, Bernardus H J, Kartawinata, Kuswata, Kearsley, Elizabeth, Kelly, Daniel L., Kenfack, David, Kessler, Michael, Kitayama, Kanehiro, Kooyman, Robert, Larney, Eileen, Laumonier, Yves, Laurance, Susan, Laurance, William F., Lawes, Michael J., Do Amaral, Ieda Leao, Letche, Susan G., Lindsell, Jeremy, Lu, Xinghui, Mansor, Asyraf, Marjokorpi, Antti, Martin, Emanuel H., Meilby, Henrik, Melo, Felipe P L, Metcalfe, Daniel J., Medjibe, Vincent P., Metzger, Jean Paul, Millet, Jerome, Mohandass, D., Montero, Juan C., De Morisson Valeriano, Márcio, Mugerwa, Badru, Nagamasu, Hidetoshi, Nilus, Reuben, Ochoa-Gaona, Susana, Onrizal, Page, Navendu, Parolin, Pia, Parren, Marc, Parthasarathy, Narayanaswamy, Paudel, Ekananda, Permana, Andrea, Piedade, Maria T F, Pitman, Nigel C A, Poorter, Lourens, Poulsen, Axel D., Poulsen, John, Powers, Jennifer, Prasad, Rama C., Puyravaud, Jean Philippe, Razafimahaimodison, Jean Claude, Reitsma, Jan, Dos Santos, João Roberto, Spironello, Wilson Roberto, Romero-Saltos, Hugo, Rovero, Francesco, Rozak, Andes Hamuraby, Ruokolainen, Kalle, Rutishauser, Ervan, Saiter, Felipe, Saner, Philippe, Santos, Braulio A., Santos, Fernanda, Sarker, Swapan K., Satdichanh, Manichanh, Schmitt, Christine B., Schöngart, Jochen, Schulze, Mark, Suganuma, Marcio S., Sheil, Douglas, Da Silva Pinheiro, Eduardo, Sist, Plinio, Stevart, Tariq, Sukumar, Raman, Sun, I. Fang, Sunderand, Terry, Suresh, H. S., Suzuki, Eizi, Tabarelli, Marcelo, Tang, Jangwei, Targhetta, Natália, Theilade, Ida, Thomas, Duncan W., Tchouto, Peguy, Hurtado, Johanna, Valencia, Renato, Van Valkenburg, Johan L C H, Van Do, Tran, Vasquez, Rodolfo, Verbeeck, Hans, Adekunle, Victor, Vieira, Simone A., Webb, Campbell O., Whitfeld, Timothy, Wich, Serge A., Williams, John, Wittmann, Florian, Wöll, Hannsjoerg, Yang, Xiaobo, Yao, C. Yves Adou, Yap, Sandra L., Yoneda, Tsuyoshi, Zahawi, Rakan A., Zakaria, Rahmad, Zang, Runguo, De Assis, Rafael L., Luize, Bruno Garcia, and Venticinque, Eduardo M.

Abstract

The high species richness of tropical forests has long been recognized, yet there remains substantial uncertainty regarding the actual number of tropical tree species. Using a pantropical tree inventory database from closed canopy forests, consisting of 657,630 trees belonging to 11,371 species, we use a fitted value of Fisher’s alpha and an approximate pantropical stem total to estimate the minimum number of tropical forest tree species to fall between ∼40,000 and ∼53,000, i.e., at the high end of previous estimates. Contrary to common assumption, the Indo-Pacific region was found to be as species-rich as the Neotropics, with both regions having a minimum of ∼19,000–25,000 tree species. Continental Africa is relatively depauperate with a minimum of ∼4,500–6,000 tree species. Very few species are shared among the African, American, and the Indo-Pacific regions. We provide a methodological framework for estimating species richness in trees that may help refine species richness estimates of tree-dependent taxa., The high species richness of tropical forests has long been recognized, yet there remains substantial uncertainty regarding the actual number of tropical tree species. Using a pantropical tree inventory database from closed canopy forests, consisting of 657,630 trees belonging to 11,371 species, we use a fitted value of Fisher's alpha and an approximate pantropical stem total to estimate the minimum number of tropical forest tree species to fall between ∼40,000 and ∼53,000, i.e., at the high end of previous estimates. Contrary to common assumption, the Indo-Pacific region was found to be as species-rich as the Neotropics, with both regions having a minimum of ∼19,000-25,000 tree species. Continental Africa is relatively depauperate with a minimum of ∼4,500-6,000 tree species. Very few species are shared among the African, American, and the Indo-Pacific regions. We provide a methodological framework for estimating species richness in trees that may help refine species richness estimates of tree-dependent taxa.

Published
2015

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