49 results on '"Matijaš, Tatjana"'
Search Results
2. The overview of imaging protocols for chest CT.
- Author
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Litre, Mia Milanović and Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
COMPUTED tomography ,CONTRAST media ,DIAGNOSIS ,HEART beat ,IONIZING radiation - Abstract
Copyright of Radiology News Journal / Radiološki Vjesnik is the property of Croatian Association of Radiation Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Usporedba između magnetne rezonancije dojki i kontrastne mamografije
- Author
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Teklić, Jelena, primary and Matijaš, Tatjana, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Characteristics of the new Photon counting CT detector
- Author
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Mimica, Petra, primary and Matijaš, Tatjana, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Umjetna inteligencija u oslikavanju koljena magnetnom rezonancijom
- Author
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Kujundžić, Petra, primary and Matijaš, Tatjana, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. 7T MRI versus 3T MRI in brain diseases diagnosis
- Author
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Martinović, Jelena, primary and Matijaš, Tatjana, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Gender Differences in Cognitive Functions of Youth Water Polo Players.
- Author
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Kovačević, Neven, Mihanović, Frane, Kalcina, Linda Lušić, Matijaš, Tatjana, Rukavina, Ivan, and Galić, Tea
- Subjects
GENDER differences (Psychology) ,WATER polo ,COGNITIVE ability - Abstract
Water polo (WP) as a highly demanding contact team sport, requires from players to have well developed cognitive functions, similar as in other team sports. Following same rules for females and males it is important to realize differences between them, which may contribute to their sports success and help coaches to develop adequate training models. Therefore, the aim of this study was to compare cognitive functions between female and male youth WP players. There were 36 female (25%) and 106 male (75%) youth WP players aged 12 to 14 years enrolled in this study. Variables measured included anthropometric indices, specific functional swimming capacities and cognitive functions testings using the Stroop test. Females showed better psychomotor speed (Stroop Off) (females 61.79±6.79 s vs. males 64.83±8.31 s, p=0.048) and response inhibition (Stroop On) (females 73.44±10.74 s vs. males 78.67±14.82 s, p=0.025) than males. Female youth WP players showed better results in psychomotor speed, inhibitory control and motor speed compared to males, taking both age and gender into account. Such differences might be of interest for coaches in WP, as well as in different sports to help them develop appropriate training strategies for each athlete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Improving the Age Estimation Efficiency by Calculation of the Area Ratio Index Using Semi-Automatic Segmentation of Knee MRI Images
- Author
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Matijaš, Tatjana, primary, Pinjuh, Ana, additional, Dolić, Krešimir, additional, Radović, Darijo, additional, Galić, Tea, additional, Božić Štulić, Dunja, additional, and Mihanović, Frane, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. A new challenge in Radiology: Radiomics in breast cancer diagnostics
- Author
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Jovanović, Mariela, primary and Matijaš, Tatjana, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Uloga CBCT-a u području dentalne implantologije
- Author
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Jurić, Barbara, primary and Matijaš, Tatjana, additional
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. The role of CBCT in the field of dental implantology
- Author
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Jurić, Barbara and Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
bone density ,CBCT ,dental implants ,teeth ,3D overview - Abstract
As radiology rapidly and continuously develops, dental radiological devices are becoming integral to dental practice. CBCT enables a precise three-dimensional image of the orofacial region. The wider use of CBCT devices is further encouraged by the flaws of two-dimensional radiological methods, especially concerning dental implantology. This paper aims to describe the advantages and disadvantages of using CBCT devices in planning and placing dental implants. It offers an insight into artifacts and radiation doses and their influence on the quality of the resulting image. The generation of multiplanar slices of the area of interest, the possibility of 3D reconstruction, the reduction of the magnification error, and the radiation dose are some of the important advantages of the CBCT device. A Limited FOV and volume of the screening, a low range of contrasts, measuring of bone density and shades of grayscale, as well as possible artifacts of movement are some of its disadvantages. Not only did the CBCT device find a purpose in the processes of planning and placement of dental implants, but also in postoperative assessments of healing and possible complications. CBCT balances the price and radiation dose and the quality of clinical information. It is used in oral surgery, orthodontics, periodontology, and endodontics. Due to its precision and quality, the CBCT device is the foundation of dental implantology.
- Published
- 2023
12. The role of CBCT in the field of dental implantology oznake: Pregledni rad (Review paper, review article)
- Author
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Jurić, Barbara and Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
bone density ,CBCT ,dental implants ,teeth ,3D overview - Abstract
As radiology rapidly and continuously develops, dental radiological devices are becoming integral to dental practice. CBCT enables a precise three- dimensional image of the orofacial region. The wider use of CBCT devices is further encouraged by the flaws of two-dimensional radiological methods, especially concerning dental implantology. This paper aims to describe the advantages and disadvantages of using CBCT devices in planning and placing dental implants. It offers an insight into artifacts and radiation doses and their influence on the quality of the resulting image. The generation of multiplanar slices of the area of interest, the possibility of 3D reconstruction, the reduction of the magnification error, and the radiation dose are some of the important advantages of the CBCT device. A Limited FOV and volume of the screening, a low range of contrasts, measuring of bone density and shades of grayscale, as well as possible artifacts of movement are some of its disadvantages. Not only did the CBCT device find a purpose in the processes of planning and placement of dental implants, but also in postoperative assessments of healing and possible complications. CBCT balances the price and radiation dose and the quality of clinical information. It is used in oral surgery, orthodontics, periodontology, and endodontics. Due to its precision and quality, the CBCT device is the foundation of dental implantology.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Influence of cognitive performance and swimming capacities on selection of youth water polo players to national team
- Author
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KOVAČEVIĆ, Neven, primary, MIHANOVIĆ, Frane, additional, LUŠIĆ KALCINA, Linda, additional, HRBIĆ, Kristijan, additional, POKLEPOVIĆ PERIČIĆ, Tina, additional, MATIJAŠ, Tatjana, additional, and GALIĆ, Tea, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Automated Breast Ultrasound
- Author
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Žaja, Marija, primary and Matijaš, Tatjana, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. CT Colonography – Overview of Current Clinical Practice
- Author
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Ruić, Marija, primary and Matijaš, Tatjana, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Artificial intelligence in magnetic resonance imaging of the knee.
- Author
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Kujundžić, Petra and Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
RADIOLOGY ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence ,MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,DEEP learning ,MACHINE learning ,OSTEOARTHRITIS - Abstract
Copyright of Radiology News Journal / Radiološki Vjesnik is the property of Croatian Association of Radiation Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
17. 7T MRI versus 3T MRI in brain diseases diagnosis.
- Author
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Martinović, Jelena and Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
MAGNETIC resonance imaging ,BRAIN imaging ,MULTIPLE sclerosis ,ANEURYSMS ,NEURODEGENERATION ,MAGNETIC fields - Abstract
Copyright of Radiology News Journal / Radiološki Vjesnik is the property of Croatian Association of Radiation Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Characteristics of the new Photon counting CT detector.
- Author
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Mimica, Petra and Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
RADIOLOGY ,COMPUTED tomography ,X-ray tubes ,NOISE control ,SCIENTISTS - Abstract
Copyright of Radiology News Journal / Radiološki Vjesnik is the property of Croatian Association of Radiation Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Application of CAD in the diagnosis of breast cancer
- Author
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Bratinčević, Lucija, primary and Matijaš, Tatjana, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Visoko obrazovanje radioloških tehnologa u Republici Hrvatskoj
- Author
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Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
obrazovanje ,prvostupnik radiološke tehnologije ,magistar radiološke tehnologije ,EQF ,HKO ,ESCO ,SOZS- Split ,radiološki tehnolog - Abstract
U radu je opisan povijesni pregled obrazovanja RT u RH. Opisan je EQF te HKO te ESCO. Napravljen je projekt "Izrada standarda zanimanja/kvalifikacija uz unaprjeđenje zdravstvenih studijskih programa Sveučilišnog odjela zdravstvenih studija Split". Projekt se bavio problematikom usklađivanja zdravstvenog visokog obrazovanja u RH sa zahtjevima HKO-a, tržišta rada te EU i RH strategija, zakona i direktiva. Cilj projekta je bio izrada cjelovitih standarda kvalifikacija i standarda zanimanja zdravstvenih studija za 6. i 7. razinu obrazovanja i priprema za njihov upis u registar HKO-a. Također je od iznimne važnosti bio razvoj novih i unapređenje postojećih studijskih programa te izgradnja kapaciteta nastavnog osoblja. Visokoškolske obrazovne zdravstvene ustanove su bile ciljne skupine projekta kao i njihovo nastavno osoblje i studenti, poslodavci, strukovne komore i sindikati u zdravstvu u RH U Republici Hrvatskoj trenutno postoje tri studija koji provode temeljno obrazovanje radioloških tehnologa 6. razine po Hrvatskom kvalifikacijskom okviru, u Splitu, Rijeci i Zagrebu. Jedan studij provodi i osposobljavanje radioloških tehnologa na 7. razini cjelovitih kvalifikacija po HKO-u, a to je Diplomski sveučilišni studijski program radiološke tehnologije Sveučilišnog odjela zdravstvenih studija pri Sveučilištu u Splitu.
- Published
- 2022
21. Razvoj studijskog programa radiološke tehnologije na SOZS-u Split
- Author
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Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
radiološki tehnolog ,obrazovanje ,prvostupnik radiološke tehnologije ,magistar radiološke tehnologije - Abstract
Na radionici se prezentirao broj studenata preddiplomskog i diplomskog studija radiološke tehnologije upisanih na SOZS-u Split od 2012./13. do 2021./22. akademske godine te broj radioloških tehnologa uključenih u razne oblike nastave. Od 2017. godine pa do danas vidljiv je rast sudjelovanja radioloških tehnologa u nastavi. Udio radioloških tehnologa u nastavi bi trebao biti znatno veći kao što je to slučaj u većini Europskih zemalja. Tek dodatnim obrazovanjem i poticanjem magistara radiološke tehnologije na daljnu vertikalizaciju u obrazovanju u budućnosti možemo očekivati da profesija obrazuje profesiju.
- Published
- 2022
22. Stavovi studenata o edukaciji radioloških tehnologija na sveučilišnom odjelu zdravstvenih studija u Splitu
- Author
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Martinović, Jelena, primary, Kujudžić, Petra, additional, Mimica, Petra, additional, and Matijaš, Tatjana, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Radiomika u dijagnostici karcinoma dojke
- Author
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Jovanović, Mariela, primary and Matijaš, Tatjana, additional
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. A new challenge in Radiology: Radiomics in breast cancer diagnostics.
- Author
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Jovanović, Mariela and Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
BREAST cancer diagnosis ,MEDICAL radiology ,MAMMOGRAMS ,IMAGE processing ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence - Abstract
Copyright of Radiology News Journal / Radiološki Vjesnik is the property of Croatian Association of Radiation Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. Studijski program preddiplomskog i diplomskog sveučilišnog studija radiološke tehnologije na SOZS, Split
- Author
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Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
obrazovanje ,radiološki tehnolog ,SOZS-Split - Abstract
Higher Education Network for Radiography in Europe (HENRE), organizacija financirana od Europske komisije u svrhu usklađivanja obrazovanja radioloških tehnologa u zemljama Europske unije u svom dokumentu "Tuning Template for Radiography in Europe" navodi kako je radiografska profesija regulirana Direktvom 2005/36/EU te preporuča visoko obrazovanje radioloških tehnologa na tri razine. Visoko obrazovanje radioloških tehnologa odvija se na tri razine: preddiplomska razina (bachelor level), diplomska razina (master’s level) i poslijediplomska razina (doctoral level). Predloženi sustav obrazovanja radioloških tehnologa na SOZS-u, Split identičan je onom kakav je u prihvaćenom Hrvatskom modelu sveučilišnog obrazovanja zdravstvenih radnika.
- Published
- 2021
26. Online nastava za vrijeme Covid-19 pandemije- iskustva studenata radiološke tehnologije
- Author
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Žaja, Marija, Gabela, Ira, and Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
nastava na daljinu ,pandemija ,SWOT analiza ,studenti radiološke tehnologije - Abstract
Novi soj koronavirusa te bolest koju uzrokuje (COVID-19) proširio se po svijetu i uzrokovao globalnu pandemiju. Rad visokih učilišta diljem RH podvrgnut je velikim promjenama po pitanju izvođenja nastave, pa se i SOZS također morao prilagoditi novonastaloj situaciji. Cilj ovog rada je što objektivnije prikazati sve pozitivne i negativne aspekte nastave na daljinu iz perspektive studenata radiološke tehnologije. Za lakšu analizu činjenica, napravljena je SWOT analiza koja uključuje četiri glavna faktora: snage (Strengths), slabosti (Weaknesses), prilike (Opportunities) i prijetnje (Threaths). Kao snage studenti su istaknuli više slobodnog vremena zbog činjenice da putovanje i odlazak na fakultet više nisu bili neophodni, a posebno su pridonijeli studentima koji su u radnom odnosu. Također je došlo do značajnog poboljšanja komunikacije s profesorima po pitanju njihove brzine odgovora na sve naše nedoumice, a također su osigurani i dodatni rokovi studentima u samoizolaciji. Prilagodba novim okolnostima je bila iznimno brza te je studentima omogućeno da se ispiti provode na daljinu od samog početka pandemije. Najvećim benefitom u novonastaloj situaciji studenti ističu nastavak izvođenja praktične nastave kontaktnim putem uz poštivanje svih preporučenih epidemioloških mjera. Po pitanju slabosti studenti su kao glavne naveli: nestabilnu internetsku vezu s obzirom da studenti žive u različitim dijelovima Hrvatske, skraćeno vrijeme za ispite uz jednaku ili čak veću količinu pitanja te ograničen pristup računalu jer ga dijele sa drugim članovima kućanstva. Kao prilike studenti su naveli unaprjeđenje informatičkih vještina te više vremena koje mogu posvetiti učenju. Pod pojmom prijetnje kao glavno je navedeno nedostatak elektroničke literature, financijski aspekt zbog opreme koja je potrebna za izvođenje ovog tipa nastave te česte samoizolacije studenata. Jedinstveno je mišljenje kako je u ovom razdoblju vrlo važna adekvatna psihološka potpora i savjetovanje studenata jer su ovo izvanredne okolnosti u kojima su se studenti našli. Veliki dio profesora se usmjerio na kontinuirano praćenje rada studenata kroz njihove radove što je u konačnici utjecalo na ocjene i na povratne informacije o kvaliteti nastave samog kolegija. Većina studenata se slaže kako je nova metoda ocjenjivanja bila kvalitetna te prilagođena nastaloj situaciji na najbolji mogući način. Zaključno, možemo reći da iako se predavanja i seminari mogu izvoditi na daljinu putem različitih platformi, vježbe, praktični i terenski rad nije moguće adekvatno provesti u virtualnom okruženju.
- Published
- 2021
27. Primjena CAD-a u dijagnostici karcinoma dojke
- Author
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Bratinčević, Lucija and Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
AI ,CAD ,digitalna tomosinteza dojki ,karcinom dojke ,mamografija ,radiomika - Abstract
Karcinom dojke iznimno je opasna bolest, koja ako se dijagnosticira na vrijeme ima visoku stopu preživljenja. Incidencija i stopa smrtnosti od karcinoma dojke sve više su u porastu, stoga se u svrhu smanjenja ovih brojki traže nova tehnološka rješenja koja će omogućiti što raniju detekciju karcinoma dojke. Iako se prvobitno rješenje vidjelo u tradicionalnim računalno potpomognutim sustavima detekcije (CAD) koji su se primjenjivali na različitim radiološkim metodama snimanja dojke, rezultatima različitih studija koji su obrađeni u ovom radu, utvrđeno je da nisu ispunili svoja prvobitna očekivanja u dijagnostici karcinoma dojke. Uporaba konvencionalnih CAD sustava još uvijek je imala prevelika ograničenja poput smanjenja specifičnosti i pozitivne prediktivne vrijednosti uz povećanje lažno pozitivnih nalaza te povećanja stope opoziva. Međutim, razvojem algoritama temeljenih na umjetnoj inteligenciji (AI) poboljšana je kvaliteta i točnost konvencionalnih CAD sustava. Za razliku od konvencionalnih CAD sustava koji se temelje na ručno izrađenim značajkama, dubinsko učenje, kao potpolje AI-a temelji se na reprezentacijskom učenju. U reprezentacijskom učenju sam algoritam tijekom treninga utvrđuje značajke na slici koje ukazuju na prisutnost lezija. U posljednje vrijeme takvi se algoritmi dubokog učenja primjenjuju na digitalnu mamografiju (FFDM), digitalnu tomosintezu dojke (DBT) i magnetnu rezonanciju (MRI). U ovom radu analizom raznih studija raspravljaju se mogućnosti, ali i ograničenja novih aplikacija temeljenih na AI za različite modalitete snimanja dojki. Zbog malog broja studija provedenih na temu AI sustava te potrebe za izrazito velikim skupom podataka za obuku i provjere valjanosti algoritma mnogi znanstvenici i dalje sumnjanju u ovu novu metodu. Unatoč, navedenim ograničenjima AI pristup ima mogućnosti otkriti korisne značajke na slici koje su još uvijek neprimjetne ljudskom oku. Budućim napredcima tehnologije značajno će se unaprijediti AI sustavi i njihova implementacija u zdravstvenim sustavima bit će neizbježna.
- Published
- 2021
28. Comparison of Different Radiographic Image Receptors
- Author
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Grgat, Josip and Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
detector plates, computed radiography, digital radiography, scintillators, photoconductors ,detektorske ploče ,digitalna radiografija ,fotokonduktori ,kompjutorizirana radiografija ,scintilatori - Abstract
The aim of this study is to compare detector plates (radiographic image receptors) used in digital radiology. Detector plates are divided into computed radiography systems (phosphor plates) and digital radiography systems (CCD, CMOS, silicon photodiodes and flat panel detector). Phosphor plates use the principle of radiation-induced photostimulable luminescence, and can be read with the help of a laser reader (digitizer). Digital radiology systems are divided into indirect and direct ; indirect are those that require the conversion of x-rays into photons of visible light and use scintillators for that matter, while direct x-rays are directly converted into charges with the use of photoconductors. Out of all the scintillators, cesium iodide has shown the best properties through research, while amorphous selenium proved to be the optimal photoconductor. CCD, CMOS and silicon photodiode are exclusively indirect digital detector systems, while flat panel detector can be found in both direct and indirect format. CCD slot scan detector system with full frame signal reading mode, active pixel CMOS detector, and silicon photodiode with back-illuminated PDA have shown the best results among detectors of their kind, while indirect type flat panel detectors with cesium iodide scintillator proved to be the optimal choice in modern radiography as evidenced by research with PBU-S-3, CDRAD 2.0 and TRG phantom.
- Published
- 2021
29. CT Colonography – Overview of Current Clinical Practice.
- Author
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Ruić, Marija and Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
COLORECTAL cancer ,CANCER diagnosis ,MEDICAL screening ,COMPUTED tomography ,MEDICAL care - Abstract
Copyright of Radiology News Journal / Radiološki Vjesnik is the property of Croatian Association of Radiation Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Automated Breast Ultrasound.
- Author
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Žaja, Marija and Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
BREAST cancer diagnosis ,MAMMOGRAMS ,MEDICAL screening ,MEDICAL equipment ,CLINICAL trials - Abstract
Copyright of Radiology News Journal / Radiološki Vjesnik is the property of Croatian Association of Radiation Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
31. Application of CAD in the diagnosis of breast cancer.
- Author
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Bratinčević, Lucija and Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
BREAST cancer diagnosis ,MORTALITY ,BREAST imaging ,ARTIFICIAL intelligence - Abstract
Copyright of Radiology News Journal / Radiološki Vjesnik is the property of Croatian Association of Radiation Technology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Yлога организација цивилног друштва у активностима локалне заједнице са посебним освртом на безбедност саобраћаја
- Author
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Stanivuk, Tatjana, Kordić, Biljana, Tomović, Nena, Milanović, Dejan, Matijaš, Tatjana, Lipovac, K., and Nešić, M.
- Subjects
организације цивилног друштва ,безбедност саобраћаја ,истраживање - Abstract
Организације цивилног друштва (ОЦД) су непрофитна удружења, основана најчешће на неодређено време ради остваривања циљева у различитим областима. У својој основи оне треба да буду ванпартијски друштвени механизми који су компатибилни са држaваним системом и пре свега, иновативни у својој области деловања. У свим економски развијеним земљама оне су срж цивилног друштва и лучоноша просветитељства у једном друштву. У раду је извршено истраживање статуса ОЦД у локалној заједници, њихове улоге, опсега деловања и синергије са циљевима државне управе. Имајући у виду ризике и одговорности које са собом носи њихово деловање, као и допринос успешном функционисању друштва у целини, посебан акценат у истраживању је усмерен на анализу улоге удружења грађана у активностима локалних заједница у чијем фокусу је безбедност саобраћаја.
- Published
- 2018
33. Forenzička dentalna radiografija
- Author
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Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
forenzika ,forenzička dentalna raiografija ,identifikacija - Abstract
Forenzička dentalna radiografija, kao specijalistička grana dentalne radiografije, daje odgovore na medicinsko pravne aspekte s naglaskom na medicinska vještačenja. Svrha im je izvođenje pravnih postupaka, a obuhvaća izvješća temeljena na radiološkim pregledima i postupcima. Razne radiološke metode često se koriste pri utvrđivanju uzroka smrti, procjeni dobi te identifikaciji. Bezbroj radioloških tehnika koristi se kao pomoć u ljudskoj identifikaciji. Najčešće korištene metode mogu se svrstati u dvije skupine, u skupinu metoda koje se zasnivaju na pretpostavkama te u skupinu vizualnog prepoznavanja. U prvu skupinu spadaju razni dokazi i predmeti pronađeni uz tijelo, dok se skupina vizualnog prepoznavanja odnosi na razne analize identifikatora koji su u tijelu, kao na primjer DNK, otisci prstiju, stanje zubi i slično.
- Published
- 2018
34. Digital Mammography Imaging: Breast Tomosynthesis and Advanced Applications
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Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
digitalna mamografija ,rekonstrukcija podataka ,tomosinteza dojke - Abstract
Conventional x-ray mammography is a two- dimensional imaging modality. In conventional mammography, pathologies of interest are sometimes difficult to visualize because of the clutter of signals from objects above and below. This is because the signal detected at a location on the film cassette or digital detector is dependent upon the total attenuation of all the tissues above the location. Breast tomosynthesis is a three-dimensional imaging technology that involves acquiring images of a stationary compressed breast at multiple angles during a short scan. The individual images are then reconstructed into a series of thin high-resolution slices that can be displayed individually or in a dynamic ciné mode. The final step in the tomosynthesis procedure is reconstructing the data to generate images that enhance objects from a given height by appropriate shifting of the projections relative to one another. Reconstructed tomosynthesis slices reduce or eliminate the problems caused by tissue overlap and structure noise in single slice two- dimensional mammography imaging. Digital breast tomosynthesis also offers a number of exciting opportunities including improved diagnostic and screening accuracy, fewer recalls, greater radiologist confidence and 3D lesion localization.
- Published
- 2018
35. Cjeloživotno učenje radioloških tehnologa
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Matijaš, Tatjana, Lučanin, Damir, Pavić, Jadranka, and Jukić, Tonća
- Subjects
BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences ,cjeloživotno učenje ,radiology technologists ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti ,lifelong learning ,radiološki tehnolozi ,autonomno učenje ,autonomous learning ,radiološki tehnolog ,edukacija - Abstract
Cilj istraživanja: Utvrditi u kolikoj su mjeri radiološki tehnolozi usmjereni prema cjeloživotnom učenju te u kolikoj su mjeri spremni za autonomno učenje. U radu su postavljene sljedeće hipoteze: radiološki tehnolozi u većoj su mjeri usmjereni prema cjeloživotnom učenju te su visoko spremni za autonomno učenje. Utvrdit ćemo postoji li statistički značajna razlika u usmjerenosti radioloških tehnologa prema cjeloživotnom učenju i spremnosti za autonomno učenje s obzirom na spol, dob i duljinu radnog staža. Također nas interesira postoji li statistički značajna pozitivna povezanost između usmjerenosti radioloških tehnologa prema cjeloživotnom učenju i njihove spremnosti za autonomno učenje. Metode: Prije provedbe istraživanja zatražena je i dobivena dozvola Etičkog povjerenstva. Istraživanje je provedeno postupkom anketiranja, od lipnja do kolovoza 2016. godine na prigodnom uzorku. Uzorak istraživanja čine radiološki tehnolozi zaposleni u državnim i privatnim institucijama u Hrvatskoj u dobi od 21 do 60 godina. Sudionicima su u tiskanom obliku dati upitnici s uputom o cilju i postupku istraživanja. Za potrebe istraživanja sastavljen je upitnik od 4 dijela. Prvi dio odnosi se na opće podatke o ispitanicima (spol, dob, duljina radnog staža, uključenost u programe cjeloživotnog učenja). Drugi dio odnosi se na zadovoljstvo poslom pri čemu ispitanici na skali procjene od 1 (vrlo nezadovoljan/-na) do 5 (vrlo zadovoljan/-na) trebaju procijeniti u kolikoj su mjeri zadovoljni poslom te na mišljenja radioloških tehnologa o povoljnim i nepovoljnim uvjetima za cjeloživotno učenje pri čemu su im ponuđena pitanja zatvorenog tipa s mogućim odgovorima da, ne, ne znam. U trećem dijelu upitnika, uz dozvolu autora Hojata (Prilog 1), nalazi se prevedena (Prilog 2) Revidirana verzija Jeffersonove Skale cjeloživotnog učenja liječnika (JeffSPLL), uz prilagodbu na uzorak radioloških tehnologa (JeffSPLL-RT). Skala se sastoji od 14 tvrdnji za koje na ljestvici procjene Likertova tipa (pri čemu je 1 – uopće se ne slažem, 2 – ne slažem se, 3 – slažem se i 4 – u potpunosti se slažem) sudionici trebaju procijeniti u kolikoj mjeri se s njima slažu. Raspon rezultata u upitniku kreće se od minimalno 14 do maksimalno 56. Četvrti dio upitnika odnosi se na Skalu spremnosti za autonomno učenje, otvorenog pristupa na internetu, koja se sastoji od 12 tvrdnji za koje ispitanici na skali procjene Likertova tipa (1 – uopće se ne slažem, 2 – ne slažem se, 3 – niti se ne slažem niti se slažem, 4 – slažem se i 5 – u potpunosti se slažem) trebali procijeniti stupanj svog slaganja. Rezultati: Analizom i obradom rezultata usmjerenosti radioloških tehnologa prema cjeloživotnom učenju i spremnosti na autonomno učenje utvrđeno je da ne postoje statistički značajne razlike u usmjerenosti prema cjeloživotnom učenju i u autonomnom učenju s obzirom na spol, dob i duljinu radnog staža ispitanika. Dokazano je da postoji značajna pozitivna povezanost između usmjerenosti radioloških tehnologa prema cjeloživotnom učenju i njihove spremnosti za autonomno učenje. Zaključci: Radiološki tehnolozi umjereno su usmjereni prema cjeloživotnom učenju. Uglavnom se više slažu s tvrdnjama koje su deklarativno formirane, tj. s uvjerenjima o učenju i motivaciji, a manje s tvrdnjama koje se odnose na konkretno djelovanje, tj. na usmjerenost pažnje na mogućnosti učenja i tehničke vještine u traženju informacijama. Radiološki tehnolozi visoko su spremni na autonomno učenje. Višim su vrijednostima procjenjivali tvrdnje koje se tiču intrinzične motivacije, nego tvrdnje koje se tiču upravljanja vremenom za učenje. Zaključno se može reći da su u Hrvatskoj radiološki tehnolozi svjesni važnosti cjeloživotnog učenja, ali da ipak ima prostora za napredak kad je u pitanju njihovo konkretno djelovanje – pohađanje različitih zdravstvenih obrazovnih programa, pretraživanje tiskane i digitalne literature u potrazi za novim znanjima te samostalno učenje. Aim: to determine the extent to which the radiology technologists were oriented to lifelong learning and ready for autonomous learning. We formed the following hypothesis: radiology technologists were oriented to lifelong learning and were highly ready for autonomous learning. We determined if there was a statistically significant difference in orientation of radiology technologists towards lifelong learning and preparedness for autonomous learning in regard to sex, age and length of work experience. We have determined if there was statistically significant positive correlation between the orientation of radiology technologists towards lifelong learning and preparedness for autonomous learning. Methods: The research was approved by the ethic committee. The research was conducted using survey, from July to August 2016. The sample consisted of radiology engineers from private and public institutions, aged 21 to 60 years. All the participants were provided with printed questionnaire with information about research aims and methods. The survey consisted of four parts. The first part consisted of general participant information (sex, age, length of work experience, participation in lifelong learning activities). The second part consisted of the participants’s satisfaction by their job estimate, using scale from 1 (very unsatisfied) to 5 (very satisfied) in which they had to estimate the extent of job satisfaction as well as their opinion about favorable and unfavorable conditions for lifelong learning using closed questions with answers yes, no, I don’t know. In the third part of the questionnaire, by permission of the author Hojat, we used revised version of Jefferson scale for physician’s lifelong learning (JeffSPLL) adjusted to the sample of radiological technologists (JeffSPLL-RT) and translated into Croatian. The scale consisted of 14 statements on Likert’s type estimation scale (1 – strongly disagree, 2 - disagree, 3 – agree, and 4 - strongly agree) and the participants had to state the extent of agreement with statements. The results ranged from a minimum of 14 to maximum of 56. Fourth part consisted of open internet access readiness for autonomous learning scale questionnaire, consisted of 12 statements for which on Likert’s type estimation scale (1 - strongly disagree, 2 - disagree, 3 - nor agree nor disagree, 4 - agree, 5 - strongly agree) the participants had to estimate the extent of their agreement. Results: the analysis of the results of an orientation of the radiology engineers towards lifelong learning and readiness for autonomous learning showed that there was no statistically significant difference in orientation of radiology engineers towards lifelong learning and readiness for autonomous learning in regard to sex, age and length of work experience. This study showed that there was statistically significant positive correlation between the orientation of radiology technologists towards lifelong learning and readiness for autonomous learning. Conclusions: Radiology technologists were moderately oriented towards lifelong learning. They mostly agreed with declarative statements, e.g. the convictions about learning and motivation more, than those about the concrete actions e.g. focusing on learning opportunities and technical skills in finding information. Radiology technologists were highly prepared for autonomous learning. They scored the statements considering intrinsic motivation higher than those considering learning management time. In conclusion, radiology engineers in Croatia were aware of the importance of the lifelong learning, but there is also a possibility for progress in their exact actions – participation in health educational programs, both printed and digital literature search in tendentious for new knowledge and self-learning.
- Published
- 2017
36. Riječ urednika.
- Author
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Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
INTERVENTIONAL radiology ,DENTAL radiography ,RADIOTHERAPY - Published
- 2023
37. CT detektor s brojačem fotona
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Mimica, Petra and Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences ,photon counting detector ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti ,energy integrating detector ,detektor s integriranjem energije ,computed tomogryphy ,detektor s brojačem fotona ,CT - Abstract
Radiologija je jedna od najbrže rastućih grana medicine, a upravo jedan od uređaja koji najbrže prati ovaj razvoj je i uređaj za CT. Znanstvenici su najviše fokusirani na istraživanje poboljšanja parametara rendgenske cijevi i detektora kao najvažnijih dijelova ovog modaliteta oslikavanja. Uz detektor s integriranjem energije koji je danas u širokoj uporabi u sklopu svakodnevne kliničke praske, predmet istraživanja je i detektor s brojačem fotona. Brojne vrline koje se ističu kod nove vrste detektora zaslužne su za opće mišljenje da će u budućnosti ova nova tehnologija zavladati CT uređajima u kliničkoj praksi poboljšavajući akviziciju brojnih dijagnostičkih i intervencijskih postupaka. Smatra se da ova tehnologija radiologiju uvodi u novu eru upravo svojom poboljšanom prostornom i kontrastnom rezolucijom, smanjenjem šuma i povećanjem omjera kontrasta i šuma, ali i novim mogućnostima kao što su oslikavanje više kontrastnih sredstava istovremeno te višeenergetsko oslikavanje. Poboljšanja vidljivost joda pruža dodatne dijagnostičke mogućnosti te točniju diferencijaciju benignih i malignih suspektnih lezija. Znatno manja veličina piksela na ovom detektoru nudi gotovo dvostruko povećanje prostorne rezolucije, a samim time i povećanje učinkovitosti doze zračenja. Korištenje detektora s brojačem fotona je zato pogodno i kod pedijatrijskih bolesnika, a javlja se i širok spektar mogućnosti low-dose oslikavanja u svrhu preventivnog screeninga karcinoma. Procesi poput tzv. razgradnje materijala i spektralnog oslikavanja su još u procesu istraživanja, ali imaju veliki potencijal da optimiziraju buduću svakodnevnu kliničku praksu. Potrebno je još rada i objavljenih rezultata istraživanja, no zasigurno će ova tehnologija jednog dana olakšati posao radiološkog tehnologa i radiologa. Radiology is one of the fastest growing branches of medicine, and precisely one of the devices that follows this development the fastest is the computerized tomography device. Scientists are most focused on research into improving the parameters of the X-ray tube and detector as the most important parts of this imaging modality. In addition to the detector with energy integration, which is widely used today as part of everyday clinical practice, the subject of research is also a Photon countng detector. The numerous virtues that stand out in the new type of detector are responsible for the general opinion that in the future this new technology will dominate CT devices in clinical practice, improving the acquisition of numerous diagnostic and interventional procedures. It is believed that this technology ushers radiology into a new era precisely with its improved spatial and contrast resolution, noise reduction and increase of contrast and noise ratio, but also with new possibilities such as simultaneous imaging of multiple contrast agents and multi-energy imaging. Improvements in the visibility of iodine contrast agent provide additional diagnostic possibilities and more accurate differentiation of benign and malignant suspected lesions. The significantly smaller pixel size on this detector offers an almost two-fold increase in spatial resolution, and thus an increase in radiation dose efficiency. The use of a detector with a photon counter is therefore also suitable for pediatric patients, and there is also a wide range of low-dose imaging options for the purpose of preventive cancer screening. Processes such as the material decomposition and spectral imaging are still in the research process, but have great potential to optimize future daily clinical practice. More work and published research results are needed, but surely this technology will one day make the work of radiologic technologists and radiologists easier.
- Published
- 2023
38. TEHNOLOŠKA USPOREDBA MAGNETNE REZONANCIJE 3T I 7T U OSLIKAVANJU MOZGA
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Martinović, Jelena and Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences ,magnetno polje ,7T MR ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti ,brain ,3T MR ,magnetic field ,mozak - Abstract
Uvod: MR je uvelike unaprijedila dijagnostičku medicinu u posljednjim desetljećima. Stalnim mijenjanjem i unaprjeđivanjem tehnoloških aspekata, MR postaje sve sofisticiranija i finija metoda. Stalnom težnjom da se povećava korišteno magnetno polje, zbog povećanja SNR-a povećava se prostorna rezolucija i kontrastnost. Ti faktori omogućuju detaljan i jasan prikaz ranije nevidljivih patologija, naročito patologija u mozgu. Cilj rada: Cilj ovog rada je usporediti važnost tehnoloških značajki 3T i 7T MR-a u oslikavanju mozga te izdvojiti njihove prednosti i nedostatke. Rasprava: MR 3T se koristi u svakodnevnoj kliničkoj primjeni diljem svijeta. Jedno od osnovnih pitanja kojim se znanstvenici bave u većini istraživanja je značajnost 7T u odnosu na 3T pri prikazu različitih patologija mozga. Utvrđeno je da poboljšane tehnološke karakteristike uređaja većeg magnetnog polja utječu na bolji prikaz epileptogenih lezija i lezija koje su specifične za multiplu sklerozu. Osim toga dobiva se i bolji prikaz unutarnje strukture tumora, bolji prikaz aneurizmi i mikrokrvarenja te promjena koje su karakteristične za neurodegenerativne bolesti kao što su Alzheimerova bolest i Parkinsonova bolest. Bilo je od velike važnosti utvrditi postoji li superiornost 7T kod ovih patologija da bi se utvrdile sve dostupne mogućnosti, prednosti i nedostaci jer su to bolesti koje imaju sve veću prevalenciju u populaciji. Na MR-u 7T susreću se i tehnološki problemi koji mogu dovesti do loše kvalitete snimke, za njih se predlažu i istražuju različita rješenja. Zaključak: Pregledom brojnih istraživanja, utvrđeno je da je 3T MR kvalitetan uređaj za trenutnu primjenu, ali 7T ima mogućnost prikaza detalja i može pružiti kvalitetniju snimku i veću dijagnostičku preciznost te može biti od velikog značaja, posebice kod određenih pacijenata gdje 3T nije dovoljno detaljan. Treba uzeti u obzir da se 7T MR još uvijek treba istraživati, ali sigurna je za upotrebu na čovjeku i predstavlja budućnost dijagnostičke medicine. Introduction: MR has greatly improved diagnostic medicine in recent decades. By constantly changing and improving technological aspects, MR is becoming an increasingly sophisticated and refined method. By constantly tending to increase the used magnetic field, the spatial resolution and contrast increase due to the increase in SNR. These factors enable a detailed and clear presentation of previously invisible pathologies, especially pathologies in the brain The aim of the work: The aim of this work is to compare the importance of the technological features of 3T and 7T MR in brain imaging and to distinguish their advantages and disadvantages. Discussion: MR 3T is used in daily clinical practice worldwide. One of the basic questions that scientists deal with in most research is the importance of 7T compared to 3T in the presentation of various brain pathologies. It was found that the improved technological characteristics of the device with a higher magnetic field affect the better representation of epileptogenic lesions and lesions that are specific for multiple sclerosis. In addition, a better representation of the internal structure of the tumor, a better representation of aneurysms and microbleeds and changes that are characteristic of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease is obtained. It was of great importance to determine whether there is superiority of 7T in these pathologies to determine all the available possibilities, advantages and disadvantages because these are diseases that have an increasing prevalence in the population. On the MR 7T, there are also technological problems that can lead to poor recording quality, for which various solutions are proposed and investigated. Conclusion: After reviewing numerous studies, it was determined that 3T MR is a quality device for current use, but 7T has the ability to display details and can provide a higher quality image and greater diagnostic precision and can be of great importance, especially in certain patients where 3T is not detailed enough. It should be noted that 7T MR still needs to be researched, but it is safe for human use and represents the future of diagnostic medicine.
- Published
- 2023
39. Primjena umjetne inteligencije kod magnetne rezonancije koljena
- Author
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Kujundžić, Petra and Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences ,automatizirana segmentacija ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti ,umjetna inteligencija ,deep learning ,duboko učenje ,automated segmentation ,artificial intelligence ,MRI - Abstract
Uvod: Tehnološki napredak potaknuo je sve veće korištenje radioloških snimanja, a povećanjem njihovog broja dolazi do povećanog radnog opterećenja radiologa. Stoga se pokretačem primjene AI u radiologiji smatra upravo smanjenje radnog opterećenja radiologa i potreba za sve većom preciznošću i učinkovitošću. Cilj rada: Cilj ovog rada je približiti čitatelju samu AI i njenu primjenu u radiologiji, a posebno kod modaliteta MRI te na koji način algoritmi dubokog učenja pospješuju rekonstrukciju slike te dovode do bržih i preciznijih rezultata. Rasprava: Brojna su istraživanja potvrdila značaj implementacije strojnog učenja, podskupa umjetne inteligencija, u radiološki sustav. U ovom preglednom radu izdvojena su brojna istraživanja primjene dubokog učenja kod magnetne rezonancije, a naglasak je na modelima za automatsku segmentaciju. Automatska segmentacija pokazala je izvrsne rezultate kod ranog otkrivanja osteoartritisa, zatim kod puknuća prednjeg križnog ligamenta i meniskusa, najčešćih ozljeda koljena, a također se u novije vrijeme model dubokog učenja istaknuo i kod automatske procjene koštane dobi. Automatskom segmentacijom postigla se, prije svega visoka točnost i preciznost, objektivnost i iznimna ušteda vremena. Zaključak: Dosadašnja istraživanja već su istaknula značajnu prednost primjene strojnog učenja u radiologiji te iznimnu kompatibilnost u radu radiologa i strojnog učenja, čime se postižu precizne i brze dijagnoze. Sve je to veliki poticaj za daljnja istraživanja, a tehnološki napredak zasigurno će ubrzati njegovu integraciju u kliničku praksu. Introduction: Technological progress has encouraged the increasing use of radiological imaging, and the increase in their number leads to an increased workload for radiologists. Therefore, the driver of the application of artificial intelligence in radiology is considered to be precisely the reduction of the workload of radiologists and the need for ever greater precision and efficiency. Aim: The aim of this paper is to bring the reader closer to artificial intelligence itself and its application in radiology, especially in magnetic resonance modalities, and how deep learning algorithms accelerate image reconstruction and lead to faster and more accurate results. Discussion: Numerous studies have confirmed the importance of implementing machine learning, a subset of artificial intelligence, in the radiology system. In this review paper, numerous researches on the application of deep learning in magnetic resonance imaging are highlighted, and the emphasis is on models for automatic segmentation. Automatic segmentation has shown excellent results in the early detection of osteoarthritis, then in anterior cruciate ligament and meniscus tears, the most common knee injuries, and also more recently, the deep learning model has excelled in automatic bone age estimation. Automatic segmentation achieved, above all, high accuracy and precision, objectivity and exceptional time saving. Conclusion: Previous research has already highlighted the significant advantage of using machine learning in radiology and the exceptional compatibility between the work of radiologists and machine learning, which achieves precise and quick diagnoses. All this is a great incentive for further research, and technological progress will certainly speed up its integration into clinical practice.
- Published
- 2023
40. THE ROLE OF CBCT IN THE PLACEMENT OF DENTAL IMPLANTS
- Author
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Jurić, Barbara and Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
zubi ,3D prikaz ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences ,dentalni implantati ,3D overview ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti ,dental implants ,CBCT ,bone density ,gustoća kosti ,teeth - Abstract
Uvod: Sve šira primjena radiologije u dentalnoj medicini stvorila je zahtjeve za razvoj radioloških uređaja specijaliziranih za rad u tom području. Razvojem kompjutorizirane tomografije konusnim zrakama omogućen je trodimenzionalni prikaz orofacijalnog područja. CBCT snimanje je motoda izbora prilikom planiranja postavljanja dentalnih implantata. Cilj rada: Cilj ovog rada je opisati primjenu CBCT uređaja u procesu planiranja i postavljanja dentalnih implantata. U radu su opisane prednosti i nedostatci radiološke metode te artefakti i doze zračenja koje su od velikog značaja za kvalitetu slike. Rasprava: Potpuna ili djelomična bezubost negativno utječe na kvalitetu života i održavanje optimalnog zdravlja. Dvodimenzionalne radiološke metode nisu se pokazale optimalnima prilikom prikaza trodimenzionalnih struktura. CBCT uređaj omogućuje generiranje multiplanarnih rezova područja od interesa i njihovu 3D rekonstrukciju. Prije postavljanja dentalnih implantata, ključna je procjena anatomskih struktura te kvalitete i volumena kosti. Potrebno je odrediti kvalitetu i kvantitetu kosti, 3D topografiju alveolarnog grebena, identificirati i lokalizirati vitalne anatomske strukture, izraditi kirurški vodič i moguće implantološke opcije kako bi zahvat na kraju bio uspješan. Prednosti CBCT uređaja su trodimenzionalni pregled struktura glave i vrata, generiranje dvodimenzionalnih struktura, smanjenje pogreške povećanja, doza zračenja, artefakti i cijena. Uz brojne prednosti, CBCT uređaj ima i određene nedostatke. Nedostatci CBCT uređaja su nizak raspon kontrasta, ograničeni FOV i volumen snimanja, artefakti pomicanja, mjerenje gustoće kosti i nijansi sive skale i doza zračenja. Osim za predkiruršku procjenu i planiranje, CBCT uređaj se koristi i postoperativno za procjenu cijeljenja implantata, komplikacija koje su najčešće povezane s neurovaskularnim oštećenjima. CBCT snimanje se treba provoditi uz održavanje ravnoteže između cijene i doze zračenja s jedne strane i svih neophodnih kliničkih informacija s druge strane. Zaključak: Primjena CBCT uređaja u planiranju i postavljanju dentalnih implantata postaje sve više osnovna dijagnostika bez koje se ne može zamisliti ozbiljna implantologija, a isto tako koristi se sve više kao svakodnevna pretraga u oralnoj kirurgiji, endodonciji, ortodonciji i parodontologiji. Introduction: All wider application of radiology in dental medicine has created a demand for the development of radiological devices specialized for that field. The development of Cone Beam Computed Tomography has enabled a three-dimensional view of the orofacial area. CBCT screening is the method of choice during the planning of placement of dental implants. Aim: The aim of this paper is to describe the application of CBCT devices in the process of planning and placing dental implants. The paper illustrates the advantages and disadvantages of this radiological method, artifacts, and radiation dosage which are significant factors for the quality of the image. Discussion: Complete or partial toothlessness has a negative impact on the quality of life and maintenance of optimal health. Two-dimensional radiological methods have not been proven optimal for the view of three-dimensional structures. The CBCT device enables the generation of multiplanar slices of the areas of interest and their 3D reconstruction. The assessment of anatomical structures and the quality and volume of bone is key to the placement of dental implants. It is necessary to determine the quality and quantity of bone, 3D topography of the alveolar ridge, to identify and localize vital anatomical structures, make a surgical guide as well as possible implantological options so that the intervention is successful. The advantages of the CBCT device are three-dimensional overview of the head and neck, the generation of two-dimensional structures, the reduction of the increase error, the dose of radiation, artifactxs, and price. Alongside many advantages, the CBCT device has certain flaws as well. Its disadvantages are the low span of contrast, limited FOV and volume of screening, artifacts of movement, measuring the density of bone and the shades of gray scale and the dose of radiation. The CBCT device is used not only for presurgical assessment and planning, but also for postoperative assessment of healing of the implants, complications which are usually connected to neurovascular damage. CBCT screening should be conducted while taking into account the balance between price and dose of radiation on one side, and all necessary clinical information on the other. Conclusion: The application of CBCT devices in planning and placement of dental implants is increasingly becoming fundamental diagnostics without which serious implantology cannot be pictured. It is also being used increasingly more as a daily examination in oral surgery, endodontics, orthodontics and parodontology.
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- 2022
41. RADIOMICS IN BREAST CANCER DIAGNOSIS
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Jovanović, Mariela and Matijaš, Tatjana
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mamografija ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences ,breast cancer ,karcinom dojke ,radiomics ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti ,mammography ,umjetna inteligencija ,artificial intelligence ,radiomika - Abstract
Uvod: Svjedoci smo kako svakoga dana medicina i tehnologija ekstremno napreduju, a umjetna inteligencija ima sve veću primjenu u svakidašnjem životu. Radiomika je izvrsna metoda koja pruža korisne informacije putem neinvazivne obrade. Radiomička analiza uvelike olakšava cijeli proces obrade pacijenta, od njegovog snimanja do postavljanja dijagnoze, te je zbog toga privukla pažnju mnogim znanstvenicima i liječnicima. Cilj rada: Cilj ovoga rada je upoznati čitatelje sa radiomikom i pobliže objasniti njezin način rada, te kako se integrirala u pojedine radiološke dijagnostike i uvelike olakšala proces obrade slike, te dijagnosticiranje karcinoma dojke. Rasprava: Mnoga istraživanja potvrdila su kako je radiomika zaista vrhunska metoda sa brojnim prednostima, ali kao i svako novo područje, ima svoje nedostatke koje će se sa daljnjim radom i istraživanjem nadomjestiti. Glavno ograničenje predstavlja sustav računala, koji mora biti standardiziran kako bi se radiomička obrada podataka mogla koristiti u svakoj ustanovi isto, te kako bi te ustanove međusobno mogle razmjenjivati informacije bez poteškoća. Osim standardizacije sustava, problem predstavljaju i lažno pozitivni nalazi, što bi uvelike povećavalo troškove ustanova i potratilo vrijeme pacijenata. Rješenje ovih navoda predstavlja razvitak novih računalnih algoritama i povećanje senzibilnosti računalne detekcije lezija. Zaključak: Radiomika će zasigurno tijekom određenog vremena imati važnu ulogu u dijagnostici i analizi slika, iako je umjetna inteligencija još uvijek u procesu razvoja, radiomika možda neće imati samostalnu primjenu, ali će zasigurno olakšati posao liječnicima u analizi radioloških slika. Introduction: Today we can witness intense progress of medicine and technology, along with the development of the artificial intelligence that has penetrated our modern life. Radiomics is an excellent method of providing useful information by a non-invasive processing of data. The radiomic analysis aids the whole process of patient administration, from their medical examinations and scans to providing a diagnosis, and has therefore captured attention from many scientists and doctors. Aim of the paper: The aim of this paper is to inform the readers with the scientific field of radiomics and its area of practice, as well as how it has been implemented into specific radiological processes of diagnostics and helped the processing of images and the diagnostics of the breast carcinoma. Discussion: Many scientific researches state that radiomics has proven to be an excellent method with many advantages, but as every scientific innovation, it has its drawbacks that need to be determined by further research. The main obstacle is the network of computers that will have to be standardized in order for the radiomic processing of data can take place in every medical institution in the same way for the benefits of the exchange of medial data between the institutions. Apart from the standardization of the system, also, the problem of falsely positive test results increases health costs and is time consuming for both medical experts and patients. The solution to these obstacles is the development of better computing algorithms and the increase of computer sensibility in the process of detection of lesion / cancer patterns. Conclusion: Radiomics will most certainly have an important role in the future of diagnostics and image processing. Since the artificial intelligence within medicine is still being in the process of development, radiomics will be implemented as a tool to medical experts, but it will be highly effective and helpful in the analysis of radiological images.
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- 2022
42. Application of radiological methods in diagnosis of diseases of the orofacial area
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Matić, Ana and Matijaš, Tatjana
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BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences ,konvencionalna radiografija ,orofacial area ,magnetna rezonancija ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti ,umjetna inteligencija ,kompjutorizirana tomografija ,orofacijalno područje ,magnetic resonance imaging ,computed tomography ,artificial intelligence ,conventional radiography - Abstract
U radu je prikazana primjena radioloških metoda u dijagnostici bolesti orofacijalnog područja. Dan je pregled najčešće korištenih radioloških dijagnostičkih postupaka: konvencionalne radiografije i to intraoralne i ekstraoralne; kompjutorizirane tomografije s naglaskom na kompjutoriziranu tomografiju konusnim zrakama; magnetne rezonancije. Za svaki postupak navedene su prednosti i nedostatci. Osim toga, dane su preporuke za odabir optimalnih radioloških metoda za specifična područja primjene, kojima je ostvarivo postizanje ispravne dijagnoze i daljnje uspješno liječenje. Na kraju rada prikazane su mogućnosti primjene umjetne inteligencije. Njena primjena smanjuje vrijeme potrebno za analizu radioloških snimaka i daje naznake mogućih patoloških procesa, čak i ako oni nisu primarno indicirani. The paper presents the application of radiological methods in the diagnosis of diseases of the orofacial area. An overview of the most commonly used radiological diagnostic procedures is given: conventional radiography, both intraoral and extraoral; computed tomography with emphasis on cone beam computed tomography; magnetic resonance imaging. The advantages and disadvantages of each procedure are listed. In addition, recommendations are given for the selection of optimal radiological methods for certain areas of application, which can be used to achieve the correct diagnosis and further successful treatment. At the end of the paper, the possibilities of the artificial intelligence application are presented. Its application reduces the time required for the analysis of radiological images and gives indications of possible pathological processes, even if they are not primarily indicated.
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- 2021
43. Application of CAD in the diagnosis of breast cancer
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Bratinčević, Lucija and Matijaš, Tatjana
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digitalna tomosinteza dojki ,mamografija ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences ,breast cancer ,AI ,karcinom dojke ,mammography ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti ,radiomika ,CAD ,digital breast tomosynthesis ,radiomics - Abstract
Karcinom dojke iznimno je opasna bolest, koja ako se dijagnosticira na vrijeme ima visoku stopu preživljenja. Incidencija i stopa smrtnosti od karcinoma dojke sve više su u porastu, stoga se u svrhu smanjenja ovih brojki traže nova tehnološka rješenja koja će omogućiti što raniju detekciju karcinoma dojke. Iako se prvobitno rješenje vidjelo u tradicionalnim računalno potpomognutim sustavima detekcije (CAD) koji su se primjenjivali na različitim radiološkim metodama snimanja dojke, rezultatima različitih studija koji su obrađeni u ovom radu, utvrđeno je da nisu ispunili svoja prvobitna očekivanja u dijagnostici karcinoma dojke. Uporaba konvencionalnih CAD sustava još uvijek je imala prevelika ograničenja poput smanjenja specifičnosti i pozitivne prediktivne vrijednosti uz povećanje lažno pozitivnih nalaza te povećanja stope opoziva. Međutim, razvojem algoritama temeljenih na umjetnoj inteligenciji (AI) poboljšana je kvaliteta i točnost konvencionalnih CAD sustava. Za razliku od konvencionalnih CAD sustava koji se temelje na ručno izrađenim značajkama, dubinsko učenje, kao potpolje AI-a temelji se na reprezentacijskom učenju. U reprezentacijskom učenju sam algoritam tijekom treninga utvrđuje značajke na slici koje ukazuju na prisutnost lezija. U posljednje vrijeme takvi se algoritmi dubokog učenja primjenjuju na digitalnu mamografiju (FFDM), digitalnu tomosintezu dojke (DBT) i magnetnu rezonanciju (MRI). U ovom radu analizom raznih studija raspravljaju se mogućnosti, ali i ograničenja novih aplikacija temeljenih na AI za različite modalitete snimanja dojki. Zbog malog broja studija provedenih na temu AI sustava te potrebe za izrazito velikim skupom podataka za obuku i provjere valjanosti algoritma mnogi znanstvenici i dalje sumnjanju u ovu novu metodu. Unatoč, navedenim ograničenjima AI pristup ima mogućnosti otkriti korisne značajke na slici koje su još uvijek neprimjetne ljudskom oku. Budućim napredcima tehnologije značajno će se unaprijediti AI sustavi i njihova implementacija u zdravstvenim sustavima bit će neizbježna. Breast cancer is known to be an extremely dangerous disease, which if diagnosed on time has a very high survival rate. The incidence and mortality rate from breast cancer are increasing, so in order to reduce these numbers, new technological solutions are being sought that will enable the earliest possible detection of breast cancer. Although the original solution was seen in traditional computer-adied detection systems (CAD) applied to various radiological methods of breast imaging, the results of the variety of studies discussed in this paper found that they did not meet their original expectations in breast cancer diagnosis. The use of conventional CAD systems still had too many limitations such as a decrease in specificity and positive predictive value with an increase in false positive findings and an increase in the recall rate. However, the development of algorithms based on artificial intelligence (AI) has improved the quality and accuracy of conventional CAD systems. Unlike conventional CAD system that are based on hand-crafted features, depth learning, as a subfield of AI, is based on representational learning. In representational learning, the algorithm itself during training determines the features in the image that indicate the presence of a lesion. Recently, such deep learning algorithms have been applied to digital mammography (FFDM), digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT), and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). In this paper, the analysis of various studies discusses the possibilities, but also the limitations of new AI-based applications for different breast imaging modalities. Due to the small number of studies conducted on the topic of AI systems and the need for an extremely large set of data for training and validation of the algorithm, many scientists continue to doubt this new method. Despite the emergence of these limitations, the AI approach has the ability to detect useful features in the image that are still invisible to the human eye. Future advances in technology will significantly improve AI systems and their implementation in health systems will be inevitable.
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- 2021
44. Prednosti CT urografije u odnosu na ekskrecijsku urografiju
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Aljinović, Pabla and Matijaš, Tatjana
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BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences ,CT urografija ,ekskrecijska urografija ,excretory urography ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti ,CT urography ,radiologija ,radiološka tehnologija (ključne riječi unio urednik) ,radiological technology (ključne riječi unio urednik) - Abstract
Mokraćni sustav sastoji se od organa zaduženih za stvaranje i eliminaciju mokraće iz tijela; bubrega, mokraćovoda, mokraćnog mjehura i mokraćne cijevi. Za prikaz patologije i anomalija nužno je koristiti niz radioloških pretraga, počevši od konvencionalnih pa sve do najsuvremenijih metoda. Za najkvalitetniji prikaz aplicira se ionsko kontrastno sredstvo, osim kod nativne snimke, kojom započinje konvencionalna radiološka obrada. Nakon aplikacije kontrasta, za prikaz gornjeg mokraćnog sustava izvode se ekskrecijska ili intravenska urografija te antegradna i retrogradna urografija. Cistografije se koriste za prikaz donjeg dijela mokraćnog sustava, i to mikcijska cistouretrografija i uretrocistografija. Suvremene metode obuhvaćaju CT, MR i UZ, a za prikaz bubrežnih žila izvodi se DSA kao invazivna metoda, MRA i CTA kao neinvazivne metode. IVU je metoda visoke dijagnostičke točnosti za detekciju konkremenata, tumora i uzroka hematurije kao najčešćih indikacija za izvođenje urografije. To je 2D metoda kojom se utvrđuje izgled i djelomično funkcija mokraćnog sustava. Nakon aplikacije kontrasta, rade se snimke u vremenskim intervalima za što bolji prikaz djelova mokraćnog sustava. Pretraga nije skupa i što je najvažnije doza zračenja za pacijenta je niska. CTU je metoda suvremene tehnologije koja potiskuje klasičnu ekskrecijsku urografiju. CTU se temelji na kompjutorskim dostignućima, a omogućava 3D prikaz. Kao takva, preuzela je niz indikacija za IVU i time polako potiskuje IVU iz upotrebe. Za CTU značajno je da je pretraga izvediva u kratkom vremenu, rezultira boljom kvalitetom snimke i omogućena je naknadna obrada. Ipak, visoka doza zračenja i skupocjena izvedba ograničavaju bezbrižno izvođenje. Uvođenjem različitih algoritama i korištenjem „low dose“ protokola značajno je smanjena doza tako da se CTU sve više izvodi. Tehnike postprocessinga prikazuju organe u svim ravninama, uz ravninu snimanja, pa je time omogućena detekcija i najsitnijih tvorbi. Radiološke snimke moguće je digitalno pohraniti i dijeliti s drugim liječnicima za lakše i bolje postavljanje dijagnoze. U odnosu na IVU, CTU ima bolju dijagnostičku točnost u detekciji najčešćih patoloških stanja mokraćnog sustava i kongenitalnih anomalija kod djece, a u nekim ustanovama potpuno je zamijenila IVU. Financijske mogućnosti svake ustanove su različite i najčešće je to presudni faktor za izvedbu CTU, ali uspješnim rješavanjem svih ostalih nedostataka, IVU postaje prošlost. The urinary system consists of the organ responsible for making and removing urine from the body; kidney, ureter, bladder and urethra. To show pathology and anomalies, it is necessary to use a series of radiological examinations, starting from conventional to the most modern methods. For the highest quality display, an ionic contrast agent is applied, except for unenhanced image, which begins conventional radiological processing. After contrast application, excretory or intravenous urography and antegrade and retrograde urography are performed to show the upper urinary tract. Cystography are used to show the lower part of the urinary system and for urinary cystourethrography and urethrocystography. Modern methods include CT, MR and ultrasound, and DSA as an invasive method, MRA and CTA as noninvasive methods to show renal vessels. IVU is a method of high diagnostic points for the detection of kidney stones, tumors and cause of hematuria as the most common indications for performing urography. It is a 2D method that determines the appearance and partially function of the urinary system. After applying the contrast, the function is recorded at time intervals for a better display of parts of the urinary system. It’s not expensive and the highest radiation dose for the patient is low. CTU is a method of modern technology that suppresses classical excretory urography. CTU is based on computer achievements and allows 3D display. As such, it has taken over the indications for IVU and time is slowly pushing IVU out of use. CTU is required to report in a short time, result in better recording quality and it is very possible to reward processing. However, the high radiation dose and expensive performance limit worry-free performance. By introducing different algorithms and using a "low dose" protocol, the dose has been reduced so that CTU is increasingly performed. Post processing techniques show organs in all planes, along with the imaging plane, so it is possible to detect the tiniest creations. Radiological images can be digitally stored and shared with other physicians for easier and better diagnosis. Compared to IVU, CTU has better diagnostic accuracy in detecting the most common pathological conditions of the urinary system and congenital anomalies in children so some institution has completely replaced IVU. The financial capabilities of each institution are different and it is a crucial factor for the performance of CTU but, by successfully addressing all other shortcomings, IVU remains a thing of the past.
- Published
- 2020
45. Primjena dentalne radiografije u forenzici
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Car, Monika and Matijaš, Tatjana
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BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences ,forensics ,primjena ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti ,dentalna radiografija ,dental radiography ,forenzika ,application - Abstract
Radiološke metode u forenzičkoj radiologiji koriste se u procjeni dobi, kod utvrđivanja uzroka smrti, te kod identifikacije. Forenzička stomatologija kao grana forenzike predstavlja preklapanje stomatološke i pravne struke, bitne u identifikaciji žrtve, te procjeni dentalne dobi. Forenzička radiologija daje odgovore u radiološkim postupcima i pregledima Postoji tehnika zubnog profiliranja kojom se ispituju zubi i zubno tkivo. Važan dio stomatološke prakse predstavljaju radiogrami za potvrdu dijagnoze, kao i već navedeno u procjeni dentalne dobi i u identifikaciji. Radiogrami se dijele na intraoralne i ekstraoralne. Naglasak je na ortopantomogramu koji daje sliku kompletne gornje i donje čeljusti. Zubi su čvrsti, mineralizirani organi, koje izgrađuju mekana i tvrda zubna tkiva. Jedne su od najjačih struktura u tijelu, te se ne razaraju lako kao ostale tjelesne strukture. To im daje veliki značaj u procesu identifikacije. Stomatološka identifikacija uključuje metode podudaranja, postmortem profiliranje, genetski otisak prsta, procjenu zubnog profila, te biometriju zuba s digitalnim oduzimanjem. U procesu stomatološke identifikacije koristi se denticija. Služi za komparaciju AM (antemortem) i PM (postmortem) postupka, za određivanje rase, spola i starosti u trenutku smrti, te izolaciju DNA iz zubnog tkiva. Antemortem postupak obuhvaća pisane podatke, rendgenske snimke, otisak zuba, osobnu fotografiju, podatke od strane obitelji. Postomortem postupak će pružiti informacije o dobi žrtve, porijeklu predaka, spolu i socio-ekonomskom statusu. Određivanje dentalne dobi podijeljeno je u dvije velike skupine, određivanje dobi kod djece i adolescenata, te kod odraslih. Najpreciznije su metode kod određivanja dobi kod djece jer su svi zubi u razvoju, a analiza se temelji na analizi rasta i razvoja. U odraslih procjena dobi se temelji na istrošenosti zubnih površina, stoga je to postupak s manjom točnosti. Najpoznatije rendgenske tehnike za procjenu dobi kod djece su: Demirjian, Haavikko, Moorreess i Cameriere tehnike. Dentalnu dob kod odraslih istraživali su mnogobrojni stručnjaci, a najpoznatije su metode po Gustafsonu, Johansonu, Camerieru i Lovejoy-u. Prema dostupnim podacima prve metode su se počele koristilo još davne 1800. godine. Metoda prema Gustafsonu 1950. godine bila je glavna okosnica i smjernica svim ostalim znanstvenicima za daljni razvoj metoda za određivanje dentalne dobi. Radiological methods in forensic radiology are used in age estimation, in determination of death and identification. Forensic stomatology as a part of forensic represents overlap dental and legal profession, important in identification of victim and the age estimation. Forensic radiology gives the answers in radiological procedurs and examination. There is a technique of dental profiling which examines tooth and tooth tissue. Important part of dental practice are radiograms for conformation the diagnosis, as alredy is stated in age estimation and in identification. Radiograms can be intraoral and extraoral. The most important is orthopantomogram which gives us an image of the complete upper and lawer jaw. Theets are solid, mineralized organs, which are builed of soft and hard dental tissue. These are one of strongest structure in body and they can not be devastated as esay as other body structure. This gives them great significant in the proces of identification. Dental identification includes matching methods, postmortem profiling, genetic fingerprint, estimate of dental profile and tooth biometric with digital extraction. In proces of dental identification is used dentition. It is used for comparation AM (antemortem) and PM (postmortem) procedure, determining race, gender, age at the time of death and isolation of DNA from teeth tissue. Antemortem procedure involves written data, radiograms, tooth impression, personal photo and datas by family. Postmortem procedure gives us information about the age of victim, fathers origin, gender and socio-economic status. Dental age estimation is splitted in two large groups, dental age estimation of children and adolescent, and in adults. The most precise methods in age estimation of childrens because all teeths are developing, and the analysis is based on analysis of growth and rase. In adults age estimation is based on the wear of tooth surfaces, and that is the reason why this method is with less accuracy. The most famous radiological techniques in childrens age estimation are: Demirjian, Haaviko, Moorrees and Cameriere methods. Dental age in adults has been studied by many experts, and the most famous are Gustafson, Johanson, Cameriere and Lovejoy methods. According to available date first methods were used in 1800. Gustafson method 1950. was the mane framework and guidelines to the others scientist for further development of methods for dental age estimation.
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- 2020
46. DIGITAL MAMMOGRAPHY COMPARED WITH FILM-SCREEN MAMMOGRAPHY
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Paladin, Ivana and Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences ,digitalna mamografija ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti ,digital mammography ,dojka (ključne riječi unio urednik) ,breast (ključne riječi unio urednik) ,film-folije ,film-screen mammography - Abstract
Dojka je, zbog svoje složene i kompleksne građe, predmet brojnih medicinskih istraživanja kako kroz povijest, tako i danas. Smještena je na ventralnoj strani prsnog koša. Kada pričamo o muškoj dojci, tada mislimo na rudimentarni organ koji nema posebnu funkciju za razliku od ženske dojke koja se razvija tijekom puberteta u funkcionalni organ. Upravo zbog navedenog razloga, ženska dojka osjetljiva je na brojne promjene i bolesti. Najopasnija od svih mogućih bolesti koje mogu zadesiti dojku je svakako karcinom dojke koji je, ukoliko se otkrije u svojoj ranoj fazi, izlječiv. Zbog nedovoljne osviještenosti o važnosti ranog otkrivanja karcinoma dojke, diljem svijeta od ove bolesti premine veliki broj žena. U svrhu smanjenja te, već prevelike brojke, pomaže nam mamografija. Mamografija je radiološka metoda koja uz što manju dozu zračenja stvara optimalnu mamografsku sliku. Postoji više vrsta mamografije, no, ovaj će se završni rad bazirati na usporedbu analogne i digitalne mamografije čija se glavna razlika krije u upotrebi prijemnika slike. Naime, dok se analogna mamografija i dalje služi upotrebom sustava film-folije, digitalna mamografija koristi posebne detektore kao prijemnike slike koji joj nude brojne prednosti. Pohrana mamografskih slika na računalo, njihovo jednostavno slanje elektronskim putem, laka manipulacija mamogramom te smanjenje broja ponavljanih snimanja samo su neke od prednosti koje nam nudi ova modernizirana vrsta mamografije. Da bi se došlo do kvalitetnog mamograma i točne dijagnoze potreban je sposoban radiološki tim sastavljen od radiologa, radiološkog tehnologa i fizičara, u kojem svatko obavlja svoju ulogu na najbolji mogući način. Dok se radiolog brine za dijagnozu, radiološki tehnolog zaslužan je za stvaranje optimalnog mamograma te tehnički dio snimanja. U središtu svih zbivanja je, naravno, pacijent. Osim za dijagnozu, mamografija se koristi i za screeninge, odnosno probire asimptomatskih žena te tako danas na snazi imamo brojne programe za rano otkrivanja karcinoma dojke. Da je tehnologija u medicini bitno napredovala, dokazuje nam još jedna vrsta mamografije, 3D mamografija ili tomosinteza čije je glavno obilježje kretanje rendgenske cijevi oko pacijenta te na taj način izbjegavanje superponacije tkiva. Because of its complex structure, human breast was and still is a subject of many medical researches. It is placed on ventral side of the chest. Male breast is rudimentary organ which doesn't have any special role in humans body unlike female breast which develops through puberty into functional organ. Because of that reason, female breast is very sensitive to many changes and diseases. The most dangerous of all those diseases is breast cancer which is, if detected eary enough, still curable. Because people are not aware enough of importance of early detection of breast cancer, all around the world many women die from this deadly disease. In order to prevent this, already high number, we use mammography. Mammography is radiological method which uses as low dose of radiation as possible to get optimal mammography picture. There are many types of mamography, but this bachelor's thesis will be based on comparison of analog and digital mammography whose main difference is in the use of picture receivers. While analog mammography still uses screen-film system, digital mammography uses special detectors to get mammogram. These detectors offer many advantages. Computer storage of mammograms, electronical sending of mammograms, easy manipulation and editing of mammograms are only some of the advantages digital mammography provides. To get the optimal mammogram and correct diagnose, we need capable team consisting of radiologist, radiological technologist and a physicist. Every one of them has to do their job properly and put patient in the center of everything. Radiologist sets correct diagnose and radiological tehnologist is responisble for tehnocal part of mammography process. Mammography is used, not only for diagnostical purpose, but also for screening of asymptomatical women. Today we have many programs for early detection of breast cancer. 3D mammography or tomosynthesis is also one of many proves that technology in medicine is evolving more and more. Main characteristic of this mammography is X-ray tube that can move around the patient and that way it provides avoiding of superimposition of the tissue.
- Published
- 2019
47. APPLICATION OF RADIOLOGICAL METHODS IN THE DIAGNOSTIC OF THORACIC ORGANS
- Author
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Matić, Ivana and Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
zaštita (ključne riječi unio urednik) ,pluća ,angiografija ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences ,srce ,heart ,search algorithm ,radiološki tehnolog ,torakalni organi ,protection (ključne riječi unio urednik) ,angiography ,radionuclide diagnostics ,lungs ,indications ,radiological technologist ,indikacija ,algoritam pretrage ,ultrasound ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti ,MR ,conventional radiography ,ultrazvuk ,konvencionalna radiografija ,thoracic organs ,patient ,pacijent ,radionuklidna dijagnostika ,CT - Abstract
U prsnom košu smještene su životno važne anatomske strukture koje su nužne za funkcioniranje organizma. Konvencionalna radiografija stara je dijagnostička radiološka metoda. Upotrebljava se kod više organskih sustava te nam može osim same morfologije, pokazati i funkciju, primjerice kod intravenozne urografije.Kao i za svaku pretragu u medicini,i ovdje je potrebna valjana indikacija. Za pregled torakalnih organa postoji dosta metoda, bilo invazivnih ili neivazivnih, budući da je prsni koš anatomski složen. Naime, obuhvaća pluća, srca, meka tkiva, koštane strukture, dio probavne cijevi.No, ipak najučestalija snimka torakalnih organa je sumacijski prikaz srca i pluća, odnosno, točnije rečeno, sumacijski prikaz torakalnih organa. Osim konvencionalne radiografije snimanja torakalnih organa, koriste se ultrazvuk, angiografija, radionuklidna dijagnostika,CT i MR, no ipak treba poštivati algoritam pretraga ako se može valjana dijagnoza postaviti samo na temelju rendgenske snimke. Svaka pretraga ima određene prednosti u ovisnosti o dijagnozi. Tako se CT angiografija koristi kod prikaza krvnih žila, ultrazvuk kod nekih izljeva, PET/CT kod sličnih indikacija kao i CT, ali ujedinjuje tehničke karakteristike obiju pretraga. Magnetna rezonanca nije još uvijek raširena metoda, budući da nije u velikom korištenju, ali kod magnetne rezonance je najbitnije da nema ionizirajućeg zračenja. Posao radiološkog tehnologa predstavlja profesionalno ophođenje prema pacijentu tijekom pretrage. Naime, radiološki tehnolog treba postupiti onako kako piše na uputnici. Svaku pretragu provoditi po načelu što manje škodljivosti za pacijenta, tj. što manje zračenja za što veću dobit. Kod provođenja metoda s ionizirajućim zračenjem, obavezno je pacijentu staviti zaštitu, zaštitne pregače i ostalo. Naročito paziti kod žena u generativnoj dobi i potvrditi da nisu trudne, budući da izlaganje zračenju uzrokuje štetnost ploda. Osim zaštite pacijenta, radiološki tehnolozi moraju nositi i svoju zaštitu te pratit dozu zračenja dozimetrima, kojeg su dužni nositi, i koji se mjesečno kontrolira. In the chest, there are vital anatomical structures that are necessary for the functioning of the organism. Conventional radiography is an old diagnostic radiologic method. It is used in several organic systems that besides morphology also show a function, for example in intravenous urography. Like in any medical examination, for any examination patient needs to have a valid indication. There are a lot of methods, either invasive or non-invasive, for the examination of the thoracic organs, because the chest is anatomically complex. It includes lungs, heart, soft tissue, bone structure, part of digestive tubes. However, the most used image of the thoracic organs is the X-ray of the heart and lungs, that is, more precisely, the sumative of the thoracic organs. In addition to conventional x-ray radiography, ultrasound, angiography, radionuclide diagnostics, CT and MR are used, but the search algorithm should be respected if valid diagnoses can only be made on the basis of x-rays. Each examination has certain benefits depending on the diagnosis. Moreover, CT angiography is used for visualization of blood vessels, ultrasound for some blood spill. PET / CT has similar indications as CT, but it unifies the technical characteristics of both examinations. Magnetic resonance is not yet a widespread method because it is not in big use, but for magnetic resonances is most important advantage that there is no ionizing radiation. The work of the radiological technologist is a professional approach to the patient during the exam. The radiological technologist should make his work following the instructions. Every exam should perform on the principle of less harm for the patient, less radiation for the more profit. When performing ionizing radiation, it is imperative to put protection on the patient, like protective aprons. It is important to pay special attention to women at a generational age and to confirm that they are not pregnant, because exposure to radiation causes the harm of the fetus. In addition to protecting the patient, radiological technologists must also carry their protection and follow the dosimetry device they are required to carry, and which are controlled monthly.
- Published
- 2019
48. DIAGNOSIS OF RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A COMPARISON OF RADIOLOGICAL DIAGNOSTIC METHODS
- Author
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Preosti, Željana and Matijaš, Tatjana
- Subjects
rheumatoid arthritis ,BIOMEDICINE AND HEALTHCARE. Clinical Medical Sciences ,BIOMEDICINA I ZDRAVSTVO. Kliničke medicinske znanosti ,diagnostic ,comparison (ključne riječi unio urednik) ,dijagnostika ,usporedba (ključne riječi unio urednik) ,reumatoidni artritis - Abstract
Reumatoidni artritis je kronična multisustavna autoimuna bolest čije su primarno sijelo sinovijalni, i to mali zglobovi šaka i stopala. Dovodi do oštećenja zglobnih tijela te posljedičnih deformiteta koji u konačnici uvelike degradiraju kvalitetu života oboljelih pacijenata. Koštane erozije su ireverzibilne i uobičajeno se smatraju znakom uznapredovale bolesti. Supresija simptoma, remisija bolesti ali i sprječavanje nastanka erozija moguća je primjenom nove vrste farmakološke terapije- bioloških agenata. Iskorištavanje svih prednosti koje donosi nova terapija moguće je uz pravodobnu dijagnozu. Radiologija dobiva novi zadatak- detektirati upalni proces koji predstavlja početnu fazu bolesti i prethodi nastanku koštanih erozija. Primjena bioloških agenata neminovno rezultira dobrom prognozom za pacijente s RA. Konvencionalna radiologija, iako pouzdana, ne nudi mogućnost konkretnog prikaza ranih simptoma RA. Ultrazvučna dijagnostika i magnetna rezonancija pružaju dijagnostičke informacije koje konvencionalna radiologija ne može dati. Sinovitis i tenosinovitis kao indikatore upalnog stanja možemo prikazati ultrazvučnom dijagnostikom i magnetnom rezonancom. Potonja se izdvaja u prikazu edema kosti, koji nije moguć niti jednim drugim opisanim modalitetom. Ultrazvuk se u našem pregledu znanstvenih radova pokazao učinkovitijim u prikazu ranih koštanih erozija i sinovitisa nego li magnetna rezonancija. Iako je edem kosti najpouzdaniji prediktor ove bolesti, držimo da je ultrazvučna dijagnostika ipak metoda izbora za ranu dijagnozu reumatoidnog artritisa, prvenstveno radi široke dostupnosti i ekonomskih razloga, ali i kvalitetnog prikaza sinovitisa. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, multisystemic autoimune disease that onsets primarily in the small joints of hands and feet. It causes structural damage in the joints and leads to deformities that can greatly degrade the quality of patients' lives. Bone erosions caused by this disease are irreversible and tend to be considered as an indicator of a progressed disease. New drug treatment - biological agents can significantly effect the course of the disease and even cause remission. The only way to yield these benefits is by detecting the disease early on. Therefore, radiology gets assigned with a new task - to detect early signs of inflammation; it being the first stage of the disease. New drug treatment - biological agents offer undeniable benefits in patients with early RA. Although reliable, conventional radiography gives poor information in the early diagnosis. Both ultrasound and magnetic resonance offer valuable depictions in the early diagnosis, ones where conventional radiography is not sufficient. Synovitis and tenosynovitis are considered to be early signs of inflammation, both detectable by magnetic resonance and ultrasound. Bone marrow edema, on the other hand, is detectable only by magnetic resonance. Although bone marrow edema is considered to be the strongest predictor of RA, conclusion made in this work suggests that ultrasound is the best method in this area. Foremly for its wide availability and economic reasons, but also for its good depiction of synovitis.
- Published
- 2018
49. Influence of cognitive performance and swimming capacities on selection of youth water polo players to national team.
- Author
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Kovačević N, Mihanović F, Lušić Kalcina L, Hrbić K, Poklepović Peričić T, Matijaš T, and Galić T
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Humans, Child, Cross-Sectional Studies, Cognition, Swimming physiology, Athletic Performance physiology
- Abstract
Background: Water-polo is an official competitive olympic sport with high energy and technical-tactical demands. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of cognitive performance and specific swimming capacities on the selection of youth water polo players to the national water polo team., Methods: There were 83 youth water polo players (mean age 13.61±0.67 years) who attended the Croatian Water Polo Foundation training camps included in this cross-sectional study. Testing included anthropometric measurements, specific swimming capacities and cognitive performance (Stroop test)., Results: Among 83 youth water polo players included in this study there were 13 goalkeepers, 13 center-defenders, 13 centers, 31 perimeter players and 13 wings. Selected players (N.=40) performed faster in OffTime (selected 62.99±10.21 s vs. non-selected 69.98±8.93 s, P=0.002) and OnTime (selected 75.61±15.85 s vs. non-selected 86.01±15.40 s, P=0.004) of the Stroop test than non-selected players (N.=43). Logistic regression analysis showed significant association between selection of youth water polo players to the national team and swimming results in 400 m crawl and 100 m crawl, as well as OffTime, OnTime and OnTime minus OffTime on the Stroop test., Conclusions: The results of this study showed that psychomotor ability, inhibition, motor speed and cognitive flexibility were found to be the most important predictors for the selection of youth water polo players to the national water polo team. Furthermore, selected water polo players demonstrated better psychomotor abilities, inhibition, and motor speed, as well as better results in all specific swimming tests in comparison to non-selected players.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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