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1. A New IBA Imaging System for the Transportable MACHINA Accelerator

Author: Torres, Rodrigo, Czelusniak, Caroline, Giuntini, Lorenzo, Giambi, Francesca, Massi, Mirko, Ruberto, Chiara, Taccetti, Francesco, Anelli, Giovanni, Mathot, Serge, Lombardi, Alessandra, Goos, Gerhard, Founding Editor, Hartmanis, Juris, Founding Editor, Bertino, Elisa, Editorial Board Member, Gao, Wen, Editorial Board Member, Steffen, Bernhard, Editorial Board Member, Yung, Moti, Editorial Board Member, Foresti, Gian Luca, editor, Fusiello, Andrea, editor, and Hancock, Edwin, editor
Published: 2024
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2. A New IBA Imaging System for the Transportable MACHINA Accelerator

Author: Torres, Rodrigo, primary, Czelusniak, Caroline, additional, Giuntini, Lorenzo, additional, Giambi, Francesca, additional, Massi, Mirko, additional, Ruberto, Chiara, additional, Taccetti, Francesco, additional, Anelli, Giovanni, additional, Mathot, Serge, additional, and Lombardi, Alessandra, additional
Published: 2024
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3. Synergistic HNO3–H2SO4–NH3 upper tropospheric particle formation

Author: Wang, Mingyi, Xiao, Mao, Bertozzi, Barbara, Marie, Guillaume, Rörup, Birte, Schulze, Benjamin, Bardakov, Roman, He, Xu-Cheng, Shen, Jiali, Scholz, Wiebke, Marten, Ruby, Dada, Lubna, Baalbaki, Rima, Lopez, Brandon, Lamkaddam, Houssni, Manninen, Hanna E., Amorim, António, Ataei, Farnoush, Bogert, Pia, Brasseur, Zoé, Caudillo, Lucía, De Menezes, Louis-Philippe, Duplissy, Jonathan, Ekman, Annica M. L., Finkenzeller, Henning, Carracedo, Loïc Gonzalez, Granzin, Manuel, Guida, Roberto, Heinritzi, Martin, Hofbauer, Victoria, Höhler, Kristina, Korhonen, Kimmo, Krechmer, Jordan E., Kürten, Andreas, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Mahfouz, Naser G. A., Makhmutov, Vladimir, Massabò, Dario, Mathot, Serge, Mauldin, Roy L., Mentler, Bernhard, Müller, Tatjana, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Philippov, Maxim, Piedehierro, Ana A., Pozzer, Andrea, Ranjithkumar, Ananth, Schervish, Meredith, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Simon, Mario, Stozhkov, Yuri, Tomé, António, Umo, Nsikanabasi Silas, Vogel, Franziska, Wagner, Robert, Wang, Dongyu S., Weber, Stefan K., Welti, André, Wu, Yusheng, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, Sipilä, Mikko, Winkler, Paul M., Hansel, Armin, Baltensperger, Urs, Kulmala, Markku, Flagan, Richard C., Curtius, Joachim, Riipinen, Ilona, Gordon, Hamish, Lelieveld, Jos, El-Haddad, Imad, Volkamer, Rainer, Worsnop, Douglas R., Christoudias, Theodoros, Kirkby, Jasper, Möhler, Ottmar, and Donahue, Neil M.
Published: 2022
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4. Rapid growth of organic aerosol nanoparticles over a wide tropospheric temperature range

Author: Stolzenburg, Dominik, Fischer, Lukas, Vogel, Alexander L, Heinritzi, Martin, Schervish, Meredith, Simon, Mario, Wagner, Andrea C, Dada, Lubna, Ahonen, Lauri R, Amorim, Antonio, Baccarini, Andrea, Bauer, Paulus S, Baumgartner, Bernhard, Bergen, Anton, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, Brilke, Sophia, Mazon, Stephany Buenrostro, Chen, Dexian, Dias, António, Draper, Danielle C, Duplissy, Jonathan, Haddad, Imad El, Finkenzeller, Henning, Frege, Carla, Fuchs, Claudia, Garmash, Olga, Gordon, Hamish, He, Xucheng, Helm, Johanna, Hofbauer, Victoria, Hoyle, Christopher R, Kim, Changhyuk, Kirkby, Jasper, Kontkanen, Jenni, Kürten, Andreas, Lampilahti, Janne, Lawler, Michael, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Leiminger, Markus, Mai, Huajun, Mathot, Serge, Mentler, Bernhard, Molteni, Ugo, Nie, Wei, Nieminen, Tuomo, Nowak, John B, Ojdanic, Andrea, Onnela, Antti, Passananti, Monica, Petäjä, Tuukka, Quéléver, Lauriane LJ, Rissanen, Matti P, Sarnela, Nina, Schallhart, Simon, Tauber, Christian, Tomé, António, Wagner, Robert, Wang, Mingyi, Weitz, Lena, Wimmer, Daniela, Xiao, Mao, Yan, Chao, Ye, Penglin, Zha, Qiaozhi, Baltensperger, Urs, Curtius, Joachim, Dommen, Josef, Flagan, Richard C, Kulmala, Markku, Smith, James N, Worsnop, Douglas R, Hansel, Armin, Donahue, Neil M, and Winkler, Paul M
Subjects: aerosols, nanoparticle growth, aerosol formation, CLOUD experiment, volatile organic compounds
Abstract: Nucleation and growth of aerosol particles from atmospheric vapors constitutes a major source of global cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The fraction of newly formed particles that reaches CCN sizes is highly sensitive to particle growth rates, especially for particle sizes
Published: 2018

5. Neutral molecular cluster formation of sulfuric acid dimethylamine observed in real time under atmospheric conditions

Author: Kürten, Andreas, Jokinen, Tuija, Simon, Mario, Sipilä, Mikko, Sarnela, Nina, Junninen, Heikki, Adamov, Alexey, Almeida, João, Amorim, Antonio, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, Dommen, Josef, Donahue, Neil M., Duplissy, Jonathan, Ehrharta, Sebastian, Flagan, Richard C., Franchin, Alessandro, Hakala, Jani, Hansel, Armin, Heinritzia, Martin, Hutterli, Manuel, Kangasluoma, Juha, Kirkby, Jasper, Laaksonen, Ari, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Leiminger, Markus, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Mathot, Serge, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Praplan, Arnaud P., Riccobono, Francesco, Rissanen, Matti P., Rondo, Linda, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Seinfeld, John H., Steiner, Gerhard, Tomé, António, Tröstl, Jasmin, Winkler, Paul M., Williamson, Christina, Wimmer, Daniela, Ye, Penglin, Baltensperger, Urs, Carslaw, Kenneth S., Kulmala, Markku, Worsnop, Douglas R., and Curtius, Joachim
Subjects: Physics - Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, Physics - Chemical Physics
Abstract: For atmospheric sulfuric acid (SA) concentrations the presence of dimethylamine (DMA) at mixing ratios of several parts per trillion by volume can explain observed boundary layer new particle formation rates. However, the concentration and molecular composition of the neutral (uncharged) clusters have not been reported so far due to the lack of suitable instrumentation. Here we report on experiments from the Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets chamber at the European Organization for Nuclear Research revealing the formation of neutral particles containing up to 14 SA and 16 DMA molecules, corresponding to a mobility diameter of about 2 nm, under atmospherically relevant conditions. These measurements bridge the gap between the molecular and particle perspectives of nucleation, revealing the fundamental processes involved in particle formation and growth. The neutral clusters are found to form at or close to the kinetic limit where particle formation is limited only by the collision rate of SA molecules. Even though the neutral particles are stable against evaporation from the SA dimer onward, the formation rates of particles at 1.7-nm size, which contain about 10 SA molecules, are up to 4 orders of magnitude smaller comparedwith those of the dimer due to coagulation and wall loss of particles before they reach 1.7 nm in diameter. This demonstrates that neither the atmospheric particle formation rate nor its dependence on SA can simply be interpreted in terms of cluster evaporation or the molecular composition of a critical nucleus., Comment: Main text plus SI
Published: 2015
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6. The role of low-volatility organic compounds in initial particle growth in the atmosphere

Author: Tröstl, Jasmin, Chuang, Wayne K, Gordon, Hamish, Heinritzi, Martin, Yan, Chao, Molteni, Ugo, Ahlm, Lars, Frege, Carla, Bianchi, Federico, Wagner, Robert, Simon, Mario, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Williamson, Christina, Craven, Jill S, Duplissy, Jonathan, Adamov, Alexey, Almeida, Joao, Bernhammer, Anne-Kathrin, Breitenlechner, Martin, Brilke, Sophia, Dias, Antònio, Ehrhart, Sebastian, Flagan, Richard C, Franchin, Alessandro, Fuchs, Claudia, Guida, Roberto, Gysel, Martin, Hansel, Armin, Hoyle, Christopher R, Jokinen, Tuija, Junninen, Heikki, Kangasluoma, Juha, Keskinen, Helmi, Kim, Jaeseok, Krapf, Manuel, Kürten, Andreas, Laaksonen, Ari, Lawler, Michael, Leiminger, Markus, Mathot, Serge, Möhler, Ottmar, Nieminen, Tuomo, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Piel, Felix M, Miettinen, Pasi, Rissanen, Matti P, Rondo, Linda, Sarnela, Nina, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Sengupta, Kamalika, Sipilä, Mikko, Smith, James N, Steiner, Gerhard, Tomè, Antònio, Virtanen, Annele, Wagner, Andrea C, Weingartner, Ernest, Wimmer, Daniela, Winkler, Paul M, Ye, Penglin, Carslaw, Kenneth S, Curtius, Joachim, Dommen, Josef, Kirkby, Jasper, Kulmala, Markku, Riipinen, Ilona, Worsnop, Douglas R, Donahue, Neil M, and Baltensperger, Urs
Subjects: General Science & Technology
Abstract: About half of present-day cloud condensation nuclei originate from atmospheric nucleation, frequently appearing as a burst of new particles near midday. Atmospheric observations show that the growth rate of new particles often accelerates when the diameter of the particles is between one and ten nanometres. In this critical size range, new particles are most likely to be lost by coagulation with pre-existing particles, thereby failing to form new cloud condensation nuclei that are typically 50 to 100 nanometres across. Sulfuric acid vapour is often involved in nucleation but is too scarce to explain most subsequent growth, leaving organic vapours as the most plausible alternative, at least in the planetary boundary layer. Although recent studies predict that low-volatility organic vapours contribute during initial growth, direct evidence has been lacking. The accelerating growth may result from increased photolytic production of condensable organic species in the afternoon, and the presence of a possible Kelvin (curvature) effect, which inhibits organic vapour condensation on the smallest particles (the nano-Köhler theory), has so far remained ambiguous. Here we present experiments performed in a large chamber under atmospheric conditions that investigate the role of organic vapours in the initial growth of nucleated organic particles in the absence of inorganic acids and bases such as sulfuric acid or ammonia and amines, respectively. Using data from the same set of experiments, it has been shown that organic vapours alone can drive nucleation. We focus on the growth of nucleated particles and find that the organic vapours that drive initial growth have extremely low volatilities (saturation concentration less than 10(-4.5) micrograms per cubic metre). As the particles increase in size and the Kelvin barrier falls, subsequent growth is primarily due to more abundant organic vapours of slightly higher volatility (saturation concentrations of 10(-4.5) to 10(-0.5) micrograms per cubic metre). We present a particle growth model that quantitatively reproduces our measurements. Furthermore, we implement a parameterization of the first steps of growth in a global aerosol model and find that concentrations of atmospheric cloud concentration nuclei can change substantially in response, that is, by up to 50 per cent in comparison with previously assumed growth rate parameterizations.
Published: 2016

7. The effect of acid-base clustering and ions on the growth of atmospheric nano-particles.

Author: Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Rondo, Linda, Kontkanen, Jenni, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Jokinen, Tuija, Sarnela, Nina, Kürten, Andreas, Ehrhart, Sebastian, Franchin, Alessandro, Nieminen, Tuomo, Riccobono, Francesco, Sipilä, Mikko, Yli-Juuti, Taina, Duplissy, Jonathan, Adamov, Alexey, Ahlm, Lars, Almeida, João, Amorim, Antonio, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, Dommen, Josef, Downard, Andrew J, Dunne, Eimear M, Flagan, Richard C, Guida, Roberto, Hakala, Jani, Hansel, Armin, Jud, Werner, Kangasluoma, Juha, Kerminen, Veli-Matti, Keskinen, Helmi, Kim, Jaeseok, Kirkby, Jasper, Kupc, Agnieszka, Kupiainen-Määttä, Oona, Laaksonen, Ari, Lawler, Michael J, Leiminger, Markus, Mathot, Serge, Olenius, Tinja, Ortega, Ismael K, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Praplan, Arnaud, Rissanen, Matti P, Ruuskanen, Taina, Santos, Filipe D, Schallhart, Simon, Schnitzhofer, Ralf, Simon, Mario, Smith, James N, Tröstl, Jasmin, Tsagkogeorgas, Georgios, Tomé, António, Vaattovaara, Petri, Vehkamäki, Hanna, Vrtala, Aron E, Wagner, Paul E, Williamson, Christina, Wimmer, Daniela, Winkler, Paul M, Virtanen, Annele, Donahue, Neil M, Carslaw, Kenneth S, Baltensperger, Urs, Riipinen, Ilona, Curtius, Joachim, Worsnop, Douglas R, and Kulmala, Markku
Abstract: The growth of freshly formed aerosol particles can be the bottleneck in their survival to cloud condensation nuclei. It is therefore crucial to understand how particles grow in the atmosphere. Insufficient experimental data has impeded a profound understanding of nano-particle growth under atmospheric conditions. Here we study nano-particle growth in the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoors Droplets) chamber, starting from the formation of molecular clusters. We present measured growth rates at sub-3 nm sizes with different atmospherically relevant concentrations of sulphuric acid, water, ammonia and dimethylamine. We find that atmospheric ions and small acid-base clusters, which are not generally accounted for in the measurement of sulphuric acid vapour, can participate in the growth process, leading to enhanced growth rates. The availability of compounds capable of stabilizing sulphuric acid clusters governs the magnitude of these effects and thus the exact growth mechanism. We bring these observations into a coherent framework and discuss their significance in the atmosphere.
Published: 2016

8. Rapid growth of new atmospheric particles by nitric acid and ammonia condensation

Author: Wang, Mingyi, Kong, Weimeng, Marten, Ruby, He, Xu-Cheng, Chen, Dexian, Pfeifer, Joschka, Heitto, Arto, Kontkanen, Jenni, Dada, Lubna, Kürten, Andreas, Yli-Juuti, Taina, Manninen, Hanna E., Amanatidis, Stavros, Amorim, António, Baalbaki, Rima, Baccarini, Andrea, Bell, David M., Bertozzi, Barbara, Bräkling, Steffen, Brilke, Sophia, Murillo, Lucía Caudillo, Chiu, Randall, Chu, Biwu, De Menezes, Louis-Philippe, Duplissy, Jonathan, Finkenzeller, Henning, Carracedo, Loic Gonzalez, Granzin, Manuel, Guida, Roberto, Hansel, Armin, Hofbauer, Victoria, Krechmer, Jordan, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Lamkaddam, Houssni, Lampimäki, Markus, Lee, Chuan Ping, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Marie, Guillaume, Mathot, Serge, Mauldin, Roy L., Mentler, Bernhard, Müller, Tatjana, Onnela, Antti, Partoll, Eva, Petäjä, Tuukka, Philippov, Maxim, Pospisilova, Veronika, Ranjithkumar, Ananth, Rissanen, Matti, Rörup, Birte, Scholz, Wiebke, Shen, Jiali, Simon, Mario, Sipilä, Mikko, Steiner, Gerhard, Stolzenburg, Dominik, Tham, Yee Jun, Tomé, António, Wagner, Andrea C., Wang, Dongyu S., Wang, Yonghong, Weber, Stefan K., Winkler, Paul M., Wlasits, Peter J., Wu, Yusheng, Xiao, Mao, Ye, Qing, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, Zhou, Xueqin, Volkamer, Rainer, Riipinen, Ilona, Dommen, Josef, Curtius, Joachim, Baltensperger, Urs, Kulmala, Markku, Worsnop, Douglas R., Kirkby, Jasper, Seinfeld, John H., El-Haddad, Imad, Flagan, Richard C., and Donahue, Neil M.
Published: 2020
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9. Global atmospheric particle formation from CERN CLOUD measurements

Author: Dunne, Eimear M., Gordon, Hamish, Kürten, Andreas, Almeida, João, Duplissy, Jonathan, Williamson, Christina, Ortega, Ismael K., Pringle, Kirsty J., Adamov, Alexey, Baltensperger, Urs, Barmet, Peter, Benduhn, Francois, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, Clarke, Antony, Curtius, Joachim, Dommen, Josef, Donahue, Neil M., Ehrhart, Sebastian, Flagan, Richard C., Franchin, Alessandro, Guida, Roberto, Hakala, Jani, Hansel, Armin, Heinritzi, Martin, Jokinen, Tuija, Kangasluoma, Juha, Kirkby, Jasper, Kulmala, Markku, Kupc, Agnieszka, Lawler, Michael J., Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Mann, Graham, Mathot, Serge, Merikanto, Joonas, Miettinen, Pasi, Nenes, Athanasios, Onnela, Antti, Rap, Alexandra, Reddington, Carly L. S., Riccobono, Francesco, Richards, Nigel A. D., Rissanen, Matti P., Rondo, Linda, Sarnela, Nina, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Sengupta, Kamalika, Simon, Mario, Sipilä, Mikko, Smith, James N., Stozkhov, Yuri, Tomé, Antonio, Tröstl, Jasmin, Wagner, Paul E., Wimmer, Daniela, Winkler, Paul M., Worsnop, Douglas R., and Carslaw, Kenneth S.
Published: 2016

10. Measurement of the collision rate coefficients between atmospheric ions and multiply charged aerosol particles in the CERN CLOUD chamber

Author: Pfeifer, Joschka, Mahfouz, Naser G. A., Schulze, Benjamin C., Mathot, Serge, Stolzenburg, Dominik, Baalbaki, Rima, Brasseur, Zoé, Caudillo, Lucia, Dada, Lubna, Granzin, Manuel, He, Xu-Cheng, Lamkaddam, Houssni, Lopez, Brandon, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Marten, Ruby, Mentler, Bernhard, Müller, Tatjana, Onnela, Antti, Philippov, Maxim, Piedehierro, Ana A., Rörup, Birte, Schervish, Meredith, Tian, Ping, Umo, Nsikanabasi S., Wang, Dongyu S., Wang, Mingyi, Weber, Stefan K., Welti, André, Wu, Yusheng, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, Amorim, Antonio, Haddad, Imad, Kulmala, Markku, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Petäjä, Tuukka, Tomé, António, Mirme, Sander, Manninen, Hanna E., Donahue, Neil M., Flagan, Richard C., Kürten, Andreas, Curtius, Joachim, and Kirkby, Jasper
Abstract: Aerosol particles have an important role in Earth's radiation balance and climate, both directly and indirectly through aerosol–cloud interactions. Most aerosol particles in the atmosphere are weakly charged, affecting both their collision rates with ions and neutral molecules, as well as the rates by which they are scavenged by other aerosol particles and cloud droplets. The rate coefficients between ions and aerosol particles are important since they determine the growth rates and lifetimes of ions and charged aerosol particles, and so they may influence cloud microphysics, dynamics, and aerosol processing. However, despite their importance, very few experimental measurements exist of charged aerosol collision rates under atmospheric conditions, where galactic cosmic rays in the lower troposphere give rise to ion pair concentrations of around 1000 cm−3. Here we present measurements in the CERN CLOUD chamber of the rate coefficients between ions and small ( nm) aerosol particles containing up to 9 elementary charges, e. We find the rate coefficient of a singly charged ion with an oppositely charged particle increases from 2.0 (0.4–4.4) × 10−6 cm3 s−1 to 30.6 (24.9–45.1) × 10−6 cm3 s−1 for particles with charges of 1 to 9 e, respectively, where the parentheses indicate the ±1σ uncertainty interval. Our measurements are compatible with theoretical predictions and show excellent agreement with the model of Gatti and Kortshagen (2008).
Published: 2023

11. Reduced anthropogenic aerosol radiative forcing caused by biogenic new particle formation

Author: Gordon, Hamish, Sengupta, Kamalika, Rap, Alexandru, Duplissy, Jonathan, Frege, Carla, Williamson, Christina, Heinritzi, Martin, Simon, Mario, Yan, Chao, Almeida, João, Tröstl, Jasmin, Nieminen, Tuomo, Ortega, Ismael K., Wagner, Robert, Dunne, Eimear M., Adamov, Alexey, Amorim, Antonio, Bernhammer, Anne-Kathrin, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, Brilke, Sophia, Chen, Xuemeng, Craven, Jill S., Dias, Antonio, Ehrhart, Sebastian, Fischer, Lukas, Flagan, Richard C., Franchin, Alessandro, Fuchs, Claudia, Guida, Roberto, Hakala, Jani, Hoyle, Christopher R., Jokinen, Tuija, Junninen, Heikki, Kangasluoma, Juha, Kim, Jaeseok, Kirkby, Jasper, Krapf, Manuel, Kürten, Andreas, Laaksonen, Ari, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Mathot, Serge, Molteni, Ugo, Monks, Sarah A., Onnela, Antti, Peräkylä, Otso, Piel, Felix, Petäjä, Tuukka, Praplan, Arnaud P., Pringle, Kirsty J., Richards, Nigel A. D., Rissanen, Matti P., Rondo, Linda, Sarnela, Nina, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Scott, Catherine E., Seinfeld, John H., Sharma, Sangeeta, Sipilä, Mikko, Steiner, Gerhard, Stozhkov, Yuri, Stratmann, Frank, Tomé, Antonio, Virtanen, Annele, Vogel, Alexander Lucas, Wagner, Andrea C., Wagner, Paul E., Weingartner, Ernest, Wimmer, Daniela, Winkler, Paul M., Ye, Penglin, Zhang, Xuan, Hansel, Armin, Dommen, Josef, Donahue, Neil M., Worsnop, Douglas R., Baltensperger, Urs, Kulmala, Markku, Curtius, Joachim, and Carslaw, Kenneth S.
Published: 2016

12. Supplementary material to "Measurement of the rate coefficients between atmospheric ions and multiply charged aerosol particles in the CERN CLOUD chamber"

Author: Pfeifer, Joschka, primary, Mahfouz, Naser G., additional, Schulze, Ben, additional, Mathot, Serge, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Brasseur, Zoé, additional, Caudillo, Lucia, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Granzin, Manuel, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Lopez, Brandon, additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Müller, Tatjana, additional, Onnela, Antti, additional, Philippov, Maxim, additional, Piedehierro, Ana A., additional, Rörup, Birte, additional, Schervish, Meredith, additional, Tian, Ping, additional, Umo, Nsikanabasi S., additional, Wang, Dongyu S., additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Weber, Stefan K., additional, Welti, André, additional, Wu, Yusheng, additional, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, El Haddad, Imad, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Mirme, Sander, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, and Kirkby, Jasper, additional
Published: 2022
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13. Measurement of the rate coefficients between atmospheric ions and multiply charged aerosol particles in the CERN CLOUD chamber

Author: Pfeifer, Joschka, primary, Mahfouz, Naser G., additional, Schulze, Ben, additional, Mathot, Serge, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Brasseur, Zoé, additional, Caudillo, Lucia, additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Granzin, Manuel, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Lopez, Brandon, additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Müller, Tatjana, additional, Onnela, Antti, additional, Philippov, Maxim, additional, Piedehierro, Ana A., additional, Rörup, Birte, additional, Schervish, Meredith, additional, Tian, Ping, additional, Umo, Nsikanabasi S., additional, Wang, Dongyu S., additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Weber, Stefan K., additional, Welti, André, additional, Wu, Yusheng, additional, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, El Haddad, Imad, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Mirme, Sander, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, and Kirkby, Jasper, additional
Published: 2022
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14. Neutral molecular cluster formation of sulfuric acid-dimethylamine observed in real time under atmospheric conditions

Author: Kürten, Andreas, Jokinen, Tuija, Simon, Mario, Sipilä, Mikko, Sarnela, Nina, Junninen, Heikki, Adamov, Alexey, Almeida, João, Amorim, Antonio, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, Dommen, Josef, Donahue, Neil M., Duplissy, Jonathan, Ehrhart, Sebastian, Flagan, Richard C., Franchin, Alessandro, Hakala, Jani, Hansel, Armin, Heinritzi, Martin, Hutterli, Manuel, Kangasluoma, Juha, Kirkby, Jasper, Laaksonen, Ari, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Leiminger, Markus, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Mathot, Serge, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Praplan, Arnaud P., Riccobono, Francesco, Rissanen, Matti P., Rondo, Linda, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Seinfeld, John H., Steiner, Gerhard, Tomé, António, Tröstl, Jasmin, Winkler, Paul M., Williamson, Christina, Wimmer, Daniela, Ye, Penglin, Baltensperger, Urs, Carslaw, Kenneth S., Kulmala, Markku, Worsnop, Douglas R., and Curtius, Joachim
Published: 2014

15. Oxidation Products of Biogenic Emissions Contribute to Nucleation of Atmospheric Particles

Author: Riccobono, Francesco, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Scott, Catherine E., Dommen, Josef, Ortega, Ismael K., Rondo, Linda, Almeida, João, Amorim, Antonio, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, David, André, Downard, Andrew, Dunne, Eimear M., Duplissy, Jonathan, Ehrhart, Sebastian, Flagan, Richard C., Franchin, Alessandro, Hansel, Armin, Junninen, Heikki, Kajos, Maija, Keskinen, Helmi, Kupc, Agnieszka, Kürten, Andreas, Kvashin, Alexander N., Laaksonen, Ari, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Mathot, Serge, Nieminen, Tuomo, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Praplan, Arnaud P., Santos, Filipe D., Schallhart, Simon, Seinfeld, John H., Sipilä, Mikko, Spracklen, Dominick V., Stozhkov, Yuri, Stratmann, Frank, Tomé, Antonio, Tsagkogeorgas, Georgios, Vaattovaara, Petri, Viisanen, Yrjö, Vrtala, Aron, Wagner, Paul E., Weingartner, Ernest, Wex, Heike, Wimmer, Daniela, Carslaw, Kenneth S., Curtius, Joachim, Donahue, Neil M., Kirkby, Jasper, Kulmala, Markku, Worsnop, Douglas R., and Baltensperger, Urs
Published: 2014

16. Ion-induced nucleation of pure biogenic particles

Author: Kirkby, Jasper, Duplissy, Jonathan, Sengupta, Kamalika, Frege, Carla, Gordon, Hamish, Williamson, Christina, Heinritzi, Martin, Simon, Mario, Yan, Chao, Almeida, João, Tröstl, Jasmin, Nieminen, Tuomo, Ortega, Ismael K., Wagner, Robert, Adamov, Alexey, Amorim, Antonio, Bernhammer, Anne-Kathrin, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, Brilke, Sophia, Chen, Xuemeng, Craven, Jill, Dias, Antonio, Ehrhart, Sebastian, Flagan, Richard C., Franchin, Alessandro, Fuchs, Claudia, Guida, Roberto, Hakala, Jani, Hoyle, Christopher R., Jokinen, Tuija, Junninen, Heikki, Kangasluoma, Juha, Kim, Jaeseok, Krapf, Manuel, Kürten, Andreas, Laaksonen, Ari, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Mathot, Serge, Molteni, Ugo, Onnela, Antti, Peräkylä, Otso, Piel, Felix, Petäjä, Tuukka, Praplan, Arnaud P., Pringle, Kirsty, Rap, Alexandru, Richards, Nigel A. D., Riipinen, Ilona, Rissanen, Matti P., Rondo, Linda, Sarnela, Nina, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Scott, Catherine E., Seinfeld, John H., Sipilä, Mikko, Steiner, Gerhard, Stozhkov, Yuri, Stratmann, Frank, Tomé, Antonio, Virtanen, Annele, Vogel, Alexander L., Wagner, Andrea C., Wagner, Paul E., Weingartner, Ernest, Wimmer, Daniela, Winkler, Paul M., Ye, Penglin, Zhang, Xuan, Hansel, Armin, Dommen, Josef, Donahue, Neil M., Worsnop, Douglas R., Baltensperger, Urs, Kulmala, Markku, Carslaw, Kenneth S., and Curtius, Joachim
Published: 2016
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17. Molecular understanding of atmospheric particle formation from sulfuric acid and large oxidized organic molecules

Author: Schobesberger, Siegfried, Junninen, Heikki, Bianchi, Federico, Lönn, Gustaf, Ehn, Mikael, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Dommen, Josef, Ehrhart, Sebastian, Ortega, Ismael K., Franchin, Alessandro, Nieminen, Tuomo, Riccobono, Francesco, Hutterli, Manuel, Duplissy, Jonathan, Almeida, João, Amorim, Antonio, Breitenlechner, Martin, Downard, Andrew J., Dunne, Eimear M., Flagan, Richard C., Kajos, Maija, Keskinen, Helmi, Kirkby, Jasper, Kupc, Agnieszka, Kürten, Andreas, Kurtén, Theo, Laaksonen, Ari, Mathot, Serge, Onnela, Antti, Praplan, Arnaud P., Rondo, Linda, Santos, Filipe D., Schallhart, Simon, Schnitzhofer, Ralf, Sipilä, Mikko, Tomé, António, Tsagkogeorgas, Georgios, Vehkamäki, Hanna, Wimmer, Daniela, Baltensperger, Urs, Carslaw, Kenneth S., Curtius, Joachim, Hansel, Armin, Petäjä, Tuukka, Kulmala, Markku, Donahue, Neil M., and Worsnop, Douglas R.
Published: 2013

18. RF Measurements and Tuning of the CERN 750 MHz ELISA-RFQ for Public Exhibition

Author: Marchi, Mariangela, Grudiev, Alexej, Mathot, Serge, and Pommerenke, Hermann
Subjects: Accelerators and Storage Rings, Proton and Ion Accelerators and Applications, Accelerator Physics
Abstract: Over the last few years CERN has successfully designed, built and commissioned the smallest RFQ to date, the one meter long PIXE-RFQ operating at 750 MHz. Its compactness offers a unique opportunity for education and public presentation of the accelerator community: A duplicate machine called ELISA-RFQ (Experimental Linac for Surface Analysis) will be exhibited in the Science Gateway, CERN’s upcoming scientific education and outreach center. It will allow the public to approach within a few centimeters a live proton beam injected into air, which is visible to the naked eye. The construction of the ELISA-RFQ has been completed in 2022. In this paper, we present the results of low-power RF measurements as well as field and frequency tuning., Proceedings of the 31st International Linear Accelerator Conference, LINAC2022, Liverpool, UK
Published: 2022
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19. Measurement of the rate coefficients between atmospheric ions and multiply charged aerosol particles in the CERN CLOUD chamber.

Author: Pfeifer, Joschka, Mahfouz, Naser G. A., Schulze, Benjamin C., Mathot, Serge, Stolzenburg, Dominik, Baalbaki, Rima, Brasseur, Zoé, Caudillo, Lucia, Dada, Lubna, Granzin, Manuel, Xu-Cheng He, Lamkaddam, Houssni, Lopez, Brandon, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Marten, Ruby, Mentler, Bernhard, Müller, Tatjana, Onnela, Antti, Philippov, Maxim, and Piedehierro, Ana A.
Abstract: Aerosol particles have an important role in Earth's radiation balance and climate, both directly and indirectly through aerosol-cloud interactions. Most aerosol particles in the atmosphere are weakly charged, affecting both their collision rates with ions and neutral molecules, as well as the rates by which they are scavenged by other aerosol particles and cloud droplets. The rate coefficients between ions and aerosol particles are important since they determine the growth rates and lifetimes of ions and charged aerosol particles, and so may influence cloud dynamics and aerosol processing. However, despite their importance, very few experimental measurements exist of charged aerosol collision rates under atmospheric conditions, where galactic cosmic rays in the lower troposphere give rise to ion pair concentrations of around 1000 cm-3. Here we present measurements in the CERN CLOUD chamber of the rate coefficients between ions and small (<10 nm) aerosol particles containing up to 9 elementary charges, e. We find the rate coefficient of a singly charged ion with an oppositely charged particle increases from 2.0 (0.4-4.4) x 10-6 cm³ s-1 to 30.6 (24.9-45.1) x 10-6 cm³s-1 for particles with charges of 1 e to 9 e, respectively, where the parentheses indicate the ±1σ uncertainty interval. Our measurements are compatible with theoretical predictions and show excellent agreement with the model of Gatti and Kortshagen (2008). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2022
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20. The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer

Author: Xiao, Mao, primary, Hoyle, Christopher R., additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Garmash, Olga, additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Molteni, Ugo, additional, Baccarini, Andrea, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Ahonen, Lauri R., additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Bauer, Paulus S., additional, Beck, Lisa, additional, Bell, David, additional, Bianchi, Federico, additional, Brilke, Sophia, additional, Chen, Dexian, additional, Chiu, Randall, additional, Dias, António, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Gordon, Hamish, additional, Hofbauer, Victoria, additional, Kim, Changhyuk, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Lampilahti, Janne, additional, Lee, Chuan Ping, additional, Li, Zijun, additional, Mai, Huajun, additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Mathot, Serge, additional, Mauldin, Roy L., additional, Nie, Wei, additional, Onnela, Antti, additional, Partoll, Eva, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Pospisilova, Veronika, additional, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., additional, Rissanen, Matti, additional, Schobesberger, Siegfried, additional, Schuchmann, Simone, additional, Stozhkov, Yuri, additional, Tauber, Christian, additional, Tham, Yee Jun, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel, additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Wagner, Robert, additional, Wang, Yonghong, additional, Weitz, Lena, additional, Wimmer, Daniela, additional, Wu, Yusheng, additional, Yan, Chao, additional, Ye, Penglin, additional, Ye, Qing, additional, Zha, Qiaozhi, additional, Zhou, Xueqin, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, Carslaw, Ken, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Winkler, Paul M., additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, El Haddad, Imad, additional, and Dommen, Josef, additional
Published: 2021
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21. A versatile multi-objective FLUKA optimization using Genetic Algorithms

Author: Vlachoudis Vasilis, Antoniucci Guido Arnau, Mathot Serge, Kozlowska Wioletta Sandra, and Vretenar Maurizio
Subjects: Physics, QC1-999
Abstract: Quite often Monte Carlo simulation studies require a multi phase-space optimization, a complicated task, heavily relying on the operator experience and judgment. Examples of such calculations are shielding calculations with stringent conditions in the cost, in residual dose, material properties and space available, or in the medical field optimizing the dose delivered to a patient under a hadron treatment. The present paper describes our implementation inside flair[1] the advanced user interface of FLUKA[2,3] of a multi-objective Genetic Algorithm[Erreur ! Source du renvoi introuvable.] to facilitate the search for the optimum solution.
Published: 2017
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22. Development of a high-speed single-photon pixellated detector for visible wavelengths

Author: Raighne, Aaron Mac, Teixeira, Antonio, Mathot, Serge, McPhate, Jason, Vallerga, John, Jarron, Pierre, Brownlee, Colin, and O’Shea, Val
Published: 2009
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23. Role of iodine oxoacids in atmospheric aerosol nucleation

Author: He, Xu-Cheng, Tham, Yee Jun, Dada, Lubna, Wang, Mingyi, Finkenzeller, Henning, Stolzenburg, Dominik, Iyer, Siddharth, Simon, Mario, Kürten, Andreas, Shen, Jiali, Rörup, Birte, Rissanen, Matti, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Baalbaki, Rima, Wang, Dongyu S., Koenig, Theodore K., Jokinen, Tuija, Sarnela, Nina, Beck, Lisa J., Almeida, João, Amanatidis, Stavros, Amorim, António, Ataei, Farnoush, Baccarini, Andrea, Bertozzi, Barbara, Bianchi, Federico, Brilke, Sophia, Caudillo, Lucía, Chen, Dexian, Chiu, Randall, Chu, Biwu, Dias, António, Ding, Aijun, Dommen, Josef, Duplissy, Jonathan, El Haddad, Imad, Gonzalez Carracedo, Loïc, Granzin, Manuel, Hansel, Armin, Heinritzi, Martin, Hofbauer, Victoria, Junninen, Heikki, Kangasluoma, Juha, Kemppainen, Deniz, Kim, Changhyuk, Kong, Weimeng, Krechmer, Jordan E., Kvashin, Aleksander, Laitinen, Totti, Lamkaddam, Houssni, Lee, Chuan Ping, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Leiminger, Markus, Li, Zijun, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Manninen, Hanna E., Marie, Guillaume, Marten, Ruby, Mathot, Serge, Mauldin, Roy L., Mentler, Bernhard, Möhler, Ottmar, Müller, Tatjana, Nie, Wei, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Pfeifer, Joschka, Philippov, Maxim, Ranjithkumar, Ananth, Saiz-Lopez, Alfonso, Salma, Imre, Scholz, Wiebke, Schuchmann, Simone, Schulze, Benjamin, Steiner, Gerhard, Stozhkov, Yuri, Tauber, Christian, Tomé, António, Thakur, Roseline C., Väisänen, Olli, Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel, Wagner, Andrea C., Wang, Yonghong, Weber, Stefan K., Winkler, Paul M., Wu, Yusheng, Xiao, Mao, Yan, Chao, Ye, Qing, Ylisirniö, Arttu, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, Zha, Qiaozhi, Zhou, Putian, Flagan, Richard C., Curtius, Joachim, Baltensperger, Urs, Kulmala, Markku, Kerminen, Veli-Matti, Kurtén, Theo, Donahue, Neil M., Volkamer, Rainer, Kirkby, Jasper, Worsnop, Douglas R., Sipilä, Mikko, Tampere University, Physics, European Organization for Nuclear Research, Academy of Finland, European Commission, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Austrian Science Fund, Swiss National Science Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Estonian Research Council, National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary), and National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US)
Subjects: Earth sciences, ddc:550, 114 Physical sciences
Abstract: 8 pags., 5 figs., Iodic acid (HIO) is known to form aerosol particles in coastal marine regions, but predicted nucleation and growth rates are lacking. Using the CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets) chamber, we find that the nucleation rates of HIOparticles are rapid, even exceeding sulfuric acid-ammonia rates under similar conditions. We also find that ion-induced nucleation involves IOand the sequential addition of HIOand that it proceeds at the kinetic limit below +10°C. In contrast, neutral nucleation involves the repeated sequential addition of iodous acid (HIO) followed by HIO, showing that HIOplays a key stabilizing role. Freshly formed particles are composed almost entirely of HIO, which drives rapid particle growth at the kinetic limit. Our measurements indicate that iodine oxoacid particle formation can compete with sulfuric acid in pristine regions of the atmosphere., We thank the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN) for supporting CLOUD with important technical and financial resources and for providing a particle beam from the CERN Proton Synchrotron. This research has received support from the Academy of Finland (projects 316114, 307331, 310682, 266388, 3282290, 306853, 296628, 229574, 333397, 326948, and 1325656); the European Research Council (projects 692891, 616075, 764991, 316662, 742206, and 714621); CSC – Finnish IT center; the EC Seventh Framework Programme and the EU H2020 programme Marie Skłodowska Curie ITN “CLOUD-TRAIN” (316662) and “CLOUD-MOTION” (764991); Austrian Science Fund (FWF) (J3951-N36 and P27295-N20); the Swiss National Science Foundation (20FI20_159851, 200021_169090, 200020_172602, and 20FI20_172622); the U.S. National Science Foundation (grants AGS1447056, AGS1439551, AGS1801574, AGS1620530, AGS1801897, AGS153128, AGS1649147, AGS1801280, AGS1602086, and AGS1801329); MSCA H2020 COFUND-FP-CERN2014 fellowship (665779); German Federal Ministry of Education and Research: CLOUD-16 (01LK1601A); Portuguese Foundation for Science and Technology (CERN/FIS-COM/0014/2017); Academy of Finland Centre of Excellence in Atmospheric Sciences (grant 272041); European Regional Development Fund (project MOBTT42); Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Climate Change; Yangtze River Delta Atmosphere and Earth System Science National Observation and Research Station; Estonian Research Council (project PRG714); Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office (K116788 and K132254); NASA Graduate Fellowship (NASA-NNX16AP36H); and ACTRIS 2TNA H2020 OCTAVE (654109).
Published: 2021

24. Molecular understanding of sulphuric acid–amine particle nucleation in the atmosphere

Author: Almeida, João, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Kürten, Andreas, Ortega, Ismael K., Kupiainen-Määttä, Oona, Praplan, Arnaud P., Adamov, Alexey, Amorim, Antonio, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, David, André, Dommen, Josef, Donahue, Neil M., Downard, Andrew, Dunne, Eimear, Duplissy, Jonathan, Ehrhart, Sebastian, Flagan, Richard C., Franchin, Alessandro, Guida, Roberto, Hakala, Jani, Hansel, Armin, Heinritzi, Martin, Henschel, Henning, Jokinen, Tuija, Junninen, Heikki, Kajos, Maija, Kangasluoma, Juha, Keskinen, Helmi, Kupc, Agnieszka, Kurtén, Theo, Kvashin, Alexander N., Laaksonen, Ari, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Leiminger, Markus, Leppä, Johannes, Loukonen, Ville, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Mathot, Serge, McGrath, Matthew J., Nieminen, Tuomo, Olenius, Tinja, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Riccobono, Francesco, Riipinen, Ilona, Rissanen, Matti, Rondo, Linda, Ruuskanen, Taina, Santos, Filipe D., Sarnela, Nina, Schallhart, Simon, Schnitzhofer, Ralf, Seinfeld, John H., Simon, Mario, Sipilä, Mikko, Stozhkov, Yuri, Stratmann, Frank, Tomé, Antonio, Tröstl, Jasmin, Tsagkogeorgas, Georgios, Vaattovaara, Petri, Viisanen, Yrjo, Virtanen, Annele, Vrtala, Aron, Wagner, Paul E., Weingartner, Ernest, Wex, Heike, Williamson, Christina, Wimmer, Daniela, Ye, Penglin, Yli-Juuti, Taina, Carslaw, Kenneth S., Kulmala, Markku, Curtius, Joachim, Baltensperger, Urs, Worsnop, Douglas R., Vehkamäki, Hanna, and Kirkby, Jasper
Published: 2013
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25. Role of iodine oxoacids in atmospheric aerosol nucleation

Author: European Organization for Nuclear Research, Academy of Finland, European Commission, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Austrian Science Fund, Swiss National Science Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Estonian Research Council, National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), He, Xu-Cheng, Tham, Yee Jun, Dada, Lubna, Wang, Mingyi, Finkenzeller, Henning, Stolzenburg, D., Iyer, S., Simon, Mario, Kürten, A., Shen, Jiali, Rörup, Birte, Volkamer, Rainer, Kirkby, Jasper, Worsnop, Douglas R., Sipilä, Mikko, Rissanen, Matti, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Baalbaki, Rima, Wang, Dongyo S., Koenig, T.K., Jokinen, Tuija, Sarnela, Nina, Beck, Lisa J., Almeida, João, Amanatidis, Stavros, Amorim, António, Ataei, F., Baccarini, Andrea, Bertozzi, Barbara, Bianchi, Federico, Brilke, Sophia, Caudillo, Lucía, Chen, Dexian, Chiu, Randall, Chu, Biwu, Dias, A., Ding, Aijun, Dommen, J., Duplissy, Jonathan, El Haddad, I., González Carracedo, Loïc, Granzin, Manuel, Hansel, A., Heinritzi, Martin, Hofbauer, Victoria, Junninen, Heikki, Kangasluoma, Juha, Kemppainen, Deniz, Kim, Changyuk, Kong, Weimeng, Krechmer, Jordan E., Kvashin, Aleksander, Laitinen, Totti, Lamkaddam, Houssni, Lee, Chuan Ping, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Leiminger, Markus, Li, Zijun, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Manninen, Hanna E., Marie, Guillaume, Marten, Ruby, Mathot, Serge, Mauldin, Roy L., Mentler, Bernhard, Möhler, Ottmar, Müller, Tatjana, Nie, Wei, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Pfeifer, Joschka, Philippov, Maxim, Ranjithkumar, Ananth, Saiz-Lopez, A., Salma, Imre, Scholz, Wiebke, Schuchmann, S., Schulze, Benjamin, Steiner, Gerhard, Stozhkov, Yuri, Tauber, Christian, Tomé, António, Thakur, Roseline C., Väisänen, Olli, Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel, Wagner, Andrea C., Wang, Yonghong, Weber, Stefan K., Winkler, Paul M., Wu, Yusheng, Xiao, Mao, Yan, Chao, Ye, Qing, Ylisirniö, Arttu, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, Zha, Qiaozhi, Zhou, Putian, Flagan, Richard C., Curtius, Joachim, Baltensperger, Urs, Kulmala, Markku, Kerminen, Veli Matti, Kurtén, Theo, Donahue, Neil M., European Organization for Nuclear Research, Academy of Finland, European Commission, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España), Austrian Science Fund, Swiss National Science Foundation, National Science Foundation (US), Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (Portugal), Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Climate Change, Estonian Research Council, National Research, Development and Innovation Office (Hungary), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (US), He, Xu-Cheng, Tham, Yee Jun, Dada, Lubna, Wang, Mingyi, Finkenzeller, Henning, Stolzenburg, D., Iyer, S., Simon, Mario, Kürten, A., Shen, Jiali, Rörup, Birte, Volkamer, Rainer, Kirkby, Jasper, Worsnop, Douglas R., Sipilä, Mikko, Rissanen, Matti, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Baalbaki, Rima, Wang, Dongyo S., Koenig, T.K., Jokinen, Tuija, Sarnela, Nina, Beck, Lisa J., Almeida, João, Amanatidis, Stavros, Amorim, António, Ataei, F., Baccarini, Andrea, Bertozzi, Barbara, Bianchi, Federico, Brilke, Sophia, Caudillo, Lucía, Chen, Dexian, Chiu, Randall, Chu, Biwu, Dias, A., Ding, Aijun, Dommen, J., Duplissy, Jonathan, El Haddad, I., González Carracedo, Loïc, Granzin, Manuel, Hansel, A., Heinritzi, Martin, Hofbauer, Victoria, Junninen, Heikki, Kangasluoma, Juha, Kemppainen, Deniz, Kim, Changyuk, Kong, Weimeng, Krechmer, Jordan E., Kvashin, Aleksander, Laitinen, Totti, Lamkaddam, Houssni, Lee, Chuan Ping, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Leiminger, Markus, Li, Zijun, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Manninen, Hanna E., Marie, Guillaume, Marten, Ruby, Mathot, Serge, Mauldin, Roy L., Mentler, Bernhard, Möhler, Ottmar, Müller, Tatjana, Nie, Wei, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Pfeifer, Joschka, Philippov, Maxim, Ranjithkumar, Ananth, Saiz-Lopez, A., Salma, Imre, Scholz, Wiebke, Schuchmann, S., Schulze, Benjamin, Steiner, Gerhard, Stozhkov, Yuri, Tauber, Christian, Tomé, António, Thakur, Roseline C., Väisänen, Olli, Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel, Wagner, Andrea C., Wang, Yonghong, Weber, Stefan K., Winkler, Paul M., Wu, Yusheng, Xiao, Mao, Yan, Chao, Ye, Qing, Ylisirniö, Arttu, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, Zha, Qiaozhi, Zhou, Putian, Flagan, Richard C., Curtius, Joachim, Baltensperger, Urs, Kulmala, Markku, Kerminen, Veli Matti, Kurtén, Theo, and Donahue, Neil M.
Abstract: Iodic acid (HIO) is known to form aerosol particles in coastal marine regions, but predicted nucleation and growth rates are lacking. Using the CERN CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets) chamber, we find that the nucleation rates of HIOparticles are rapid, even exceeding sulfuric acid-ammonia rates under similar conditions. We also find that ion-induced nucleation involves IOand the sequential addition of HIOand that it proceeds at the kinetic limit below +10°C. In contrast, neutral nucleation involves the repeated sequential addition of iodous acid (HIO) followed by HIO, showing that HIOplays a key stabilizing role. Freshly formed particles are composed almost entirely of HIO, which drives rapid particle growth at the kinetic limit. Our measurements indicate that iodine oxoacid particle formation can compete with sulfuric acid in pristine regions of the atmosphere.
Published: 2021

26. Supplementary material to "The driving factors of new particle formation and growth in the polluted boundary layer"

Author: Xiao, Mao, primary, Hoyle, Christopher R., additional, Dada, Lubna, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Garmash, Olga, additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Molteni, Ugo, additional, Baccarini, Andrea, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, He, Xu-Cheng, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Ahonen, Lauri R., additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Bauer, Paulus S., additional, Beck, Lisa, additional, Bell, David, additional, Bianchi, Federico, additional, Brilke, Sophia, additional, Chen, Dexian, additional, Chiu, Randall, additional, Dias, António, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Gordon, Hamish, additional, Hofbauer, Victoria, additional, Kim, Changhyuk, additional, Koenig, Theodore K., additional, Lampilahti, Janne, additional, Lee, Chuan Ping, additional, Li, Zijun, additional, Mai, Huajun, additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Mathot, Serge, additional, Mauldin, Roy L., additional, Nie, Wei, additional, Onnela, Antti, additional, Partoll, Eva, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Pospisilova, Veronika, additional, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., additional, Rissanen, Matti, additional, Schobesberger, Siegfried, additional, Schuchmann, Simone, additional, Stozhkov, Yuri, additional, Tauber, Christian, additional, Tham, Yee Jun, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel, additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Wanger, Robert, additional, Wang, Yonghong, additional, Weitz, Lena, additional, Wimmer, Daniela, additional, Wu, Yusheng, additional, Yan, Chao, additional, Ye, Penglin, additional, Ye, Qing, additional, Zha, Qiaozhi, additional, Zhou, Xueqin, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, Carslaw, Ken, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Winkler, Paul M., additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, El Haddad, Imad, additional, and Dommen, Josef, additional
Published: 2021
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27. Data Acquisition System of the CLOUD Experiment at CERN

Author: Weber, Stefan K., primary, Miotto, Giovanna Lehmann, additional, Almeida, Joao, additional, Blanc, Pascal Herve, additional, Dias, Antonio, additional, Malaguti, Giulio, additional, Manninen, Hanna E., additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Ravat, Sylvain, additional, Onnela, Antti, additional, Mathot, Serge, additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Tome, Antonio, additional, and Amorim, Antonio, additional
Published: 2021
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28. Role of sulphuric acid, ammonia and galactic cosmic rays in atmospheric aerosol nucleation

Author: Kirkby, Jasper, Curtius, Joachim, Almeida, João, Dunne, Eimear, Duplissy, Jonathan, Ehrhart, Sebastian, Franchin, Alessandro, Gagné, Stéphanie, Ickes, Luisa, Kürten, Andreas, Kupc, Agnieszka, Metzger, Axel, Riccobono, Francesco, Rondo, Linda, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Tsagkogeorgas, Georgios, Wimmer, Daniela, Amorim, Antonio, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, David, André, Dommen, Josef, Downard, Andrew, Ehn, Mikael, Flagan, Richard C., Haider, Stefan, Hansel, Armin, Hauser, Daniel, Jud, Werner, Junninen, Heikki, Kreissl, Fabian, Kvashin, Alexander, Laaksonen, Ari, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Lima, Jorge, Lovejoy, Edward R., Makhmutov, Vladimir, Mathot, Serge, Mikkilä, Jyri, Minginette, Pierre, Mogo, Sandra, Nieminen, Tuomo, Onnela, Antti, Pereira, Paulo, Petäjä, Tuukka, Schnitzhofer, Ralf, Seinfeld, John H., Sipilä, Mikko, Stozhkov, Yuri, Stratmann, Frank, Tomé, Antonio, Vanhanen, Joonas, Viisanen, Yrjo, Vrtala, Aron, Wagner, Paul E., Walther, Hansueli, Weingartner, Ernest, Wex, Heike, Winkler, Paul M., Carslaw, Kenneth S., Worsnop, Douglas R., Baltensperger, Urs, and Kulmala, Markku
Published: 2011
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29. Molecular understanding of the suppression of new-particle formation by isoprene

Author: Heinritzi, Martin, primary, Dada, Lubna, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Fischer, Lukas, additional, Ahonen, Lauri R., additional, Amanatidis, Stavros, additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Baccarini, Andrea, additional, Bauer, Paulus S., additional, Baumgartner, Bernhard, additional, Bianchi, Federico, additional, Brilke, Sophia, additional, Chen, Dexian, additional, Chiu, Randall, additional, Dias, Antonio, additional, Dommen, Josef, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Frege, Carla, additional, Fuchs, Claudia, additional, Garmash, Olga, additional, Gordon, Hamish, additional, Granzin, Manuel, additional, El Haddad, Imad, additional, He, Xucheng, additional, Helm, Johanna, additional, Hofbauer, Victoria, additional, Hoyle, Christopher R., additional, Kangasluoma, Juha, additional, Keber, Timo, additional, Kim, Changhyuk, additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Laurila, Tiia M., additional, Lampilahti, Janne, additional, Lee, Chuan Ping, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Leiminger, Markus, additional, Mai, Huajun, additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Manninen, Hanna Elina, additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Mathot, Serge, additional, Mauldin, Roy Lee, additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Molteni, Ugo, additional, Müller, Tatjana, additional, Nie, Wei, additional, Nieminen, Tuomo, additional, Onnela, Antti, additional, Partoll, Eva, additional, Passananti, Monica, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Pospisilova, Veronika, additional, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., additional, Rissanen, Matti P., additional, Rose, Clémence, additional, Schobesberger, Siegfried, additional, Scholz, Wiebke, additional, Scholze, Kay, additional, Sipilä, Mikko, additional, Steiner, Gerhard, additional, Stozhkov, Yuri, additional, Tauber, Christian, additional, Tham, Yee Jun, additional, Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel, additional, Virtanen, Annele, additional, Vogel, Alexander L., additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Wagner, Robert, additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Weitz, Lena, additional, Wimmer, Daniela, additional, Xiao, Mao, additional, Yan, Chao, additional, Ye, Penglin, additional, Zha, Qiaozhi, additional, Zhou, Xueqin, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Winkler, Paul M., additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, and Curtius, Joachim, additional
Published: 2020
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30. Supplementary material to "Molecular understanding of the suppression of new-particle formation by isoprene"

Author: Heinritzi, Martin, primary, Dada, Lubna, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, Stolzenburg, Dominik, additional, Wagner, Andrea C., additional, Fischer, Lukas, additional, Ahonen, Lauri R., additional, Amanatidis, Stavros, additional, Baalbaki, Rima, additional, Baccarini, Andrea, additional, Bauer, Paulus S., additional, Baumgartner, Bernhard, additional, Bianchi, Federico, additional, Brilke, Sophia, additional, Chen, Dexian, additional, Chiu, Randall, additional, Dias, Antonio, additional, Dommen, Josef, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Finkenzeller, Henning, additional, Frege, Carla, additional, Fuchs, Claudia, additional, Garmash, Olga, additional, Gordon, Hamish, additional, Granzin, Manuel, additional, Haddad, Imad El, additional, He, Xucheng, additional, Helm, Johanna, additional, Hofbauer, Victoria, additional, Hoyle, Christopher R., additional, Kangasluoma, Juha, additional, Keber, Timo, additional, Kim, Changhyuk, additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Lamkaddam, Houssni, additional, Lampilahti, Janne, additional, Laurila, Tiia M., additional, Lee, Chuan Ping, additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Leiminger, Markus, additional, Mai, Huajun, additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Manninen, Hanna Elina, additional, Marten, Ruby, additional, Mathot, Serge, additional, Mauldin, Roy Lee, additional, Mentler, Bernhard, additional, Molteni, Ugo, additional, Müller, Tatjana, additional, Nie, Wei, additional, Nieminen, Tuomo, additional, Onnela, Antti, additional, Partoll, Eva, additional, Passananti, Monica, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Pfeifer, Joschka, additional, Pospisilova, Veronika, additional, Quéléver, Lauriane, additional, Rissanen, Matti P., additional, Rose, Clémence, additional, Schobesberger, Siegfried, additional, Scholz, Wiebke, additional, Scholze, Kay, additional, Sipilä, Mikko, additional, Steiner, Gerhard, additional, Stozhkov, Yuri, additional, Tauber, Christian, additional, Tham, Yee Jun, additional, Vazquez-Pufleau, Miguel, additional, Virtanen, Annele, additional, Vogel, Alexander L., additional, Volkamer, Rainer, additional, Wagner, Robert, additional, Wang, Mingyi, additional, Weitz, Lena, additional, Wimmer, Daniela, additional, Xiao, Mao, additional, Yan, Chao, additional, Ye, Penglin, additional, Zha, Qiaozhi, additional, Zhou, Xueqin, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, Baltensperger, Urs, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Winkler, Paul M., additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, and Curtius, Joachim, additional
Published: 2020
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31. Synergistic HNO3–H2SO4–NH3upper tropospheric particle formation

Author: Wang, Mingyi, Xiao, Mao, Bertozzi, Barbara, Marie, Guillaume, Rörup, Birte, Schulze, Benjamin, Bardakov, Roman, He, Xu-Cheng, Shen, Jiali, Scholz, Wiebke, Marten, Ruby, Dada, Lubna, Baalbaki, Rima, Lopez, Brandon, Lamkaddam, Houssni, Manninen, Hanna E., Amorim, António, Ataei, Farnoush, Bogert, Pia, Brasseur, Zoé, Caudillo, Lucía, De Menezes, Louis-Philippe, Duplissy, Jonathan, Ekman, Annica M. L., Finkenzeller, Henning, Carracedo, Loïc Gonzalez, Granzin, Manuel, Guida, Roberto, Heinritzi, Martin, Hofbauer, Victoria, Höhler, Kristina, Korhonen, Kimmo, Krechmer, Jordan E., Kürten, Andreas, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Mahfouz, Naser G. A., Makhmutov, Vladimir, Massabò, Dario, Mathot, Serge, Mauldin, Roy L., Mentler, Bernhard, Müller, Tatjana, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Philippov, Maxim, Piedehierro, Ana A., Pozzer, Andrea, Ranjithkumar, Ananth, Schervish, Meredith, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Simon, Mario, Stozhkov, Yuri, Tomé, António, Umo, Nsikanabasi Silas, Vogel, Franziska, Wagner, Robert, Wang, Dongyu S., Weber, Stefan K., Welti, André, Wu, Yusheng, Zauner-Wieczorek, Marcel, Sipilä, Mikko, Winkler, Paul M., Hansel, Armin, Baltensperger, Urs, Kulmala, Markku, Flagan, Richard C., Curtius, Joachim, Riipinen, Ilona, Gordon, Hamish, Lelieveld, Jos, El-Haddad, Imad, Volkamer, Rainer, Worsnop, Douglas R., Christoudias, Theodoros, Kirkby, Jasper, Möhler, Ottmar, and Donahue, Neil M.
Abstract: New particle formation in the upper free troposphere is a major global source of cloud condensation nuclei (CCN)1–4. However, the precursor vapours that drive the process are not well understood. With experiments performed under upper tropospheric conditions in the CERN CLOUD chamber, we show that nitric acid, sulfuric acid and ammonia form particles synergistically, at rates that are orders of magnitude faster than those from any two of the three components. The importance of this mechanism depends on the availability of ammonia, which was previously thought to be efficiently scavenged by cloud droplets during convection. However, surprisingly high concentrations of ammonia and ammonium nitrate have recently been observed in the upper troposphere over the Asian monsoon region5,6. Once particles have formed, co-condensation of ammonia and abundant nitric acid alone is sufficient to drive rapid growth to CCN sizes with only trace sulfate. Moreover, our measurements show that these CCN are also highly efficient ice nucleating particles—comparable to desert dust. Our model simulations confirm that ammonia is efficiently convected aloft during the Asian monsoon, driving rapid, multi-acid HNO3–H2SO4–NH3nucleation in the upper troposphere and producing ice nucleating particles that spread across the mid-latitude Northern Hemisphere.
Published: 2022
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32. Multicomponent new particle formation from sulfuric acid, ammonia, and biogenic vapors

Author: Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Yan, Chao, Dada, Lubna, Bianchi, Federico, Xiao, Mao, Wagner, Robert, Stolzenburg, Dominik, Ahonen, Lauri R., Amorim, Antonio, Baccarini, Andrea, Bauer, Paulus S., Baumgartner, Bernhard, Bergen, Anton, Bernhammer, Anne-Kathrin, Breitenlechner, Martin, Brilke, Sophia, Buchholz, Angela, Buenrostro Mazon, Stephany, Chen, Dexian, Chen, Xuemeng, Dias, António, Dommen, Josef, Draper, Danielle C., Duplissy, Jonathan, Ehn, Mikael, Finkenzeller, Henning, Fischer, Lukas, Frege, Carla, Fuchs, Claudia, Garmash, Olga, Gordon, Hamish, Hakala, Jani, He, Xucheng, Heikkinen, Liine, Heinritzi, Martin, Helm, Johanna C., Hofbauer, Victoria, Hoyle, Christopher R., Jokinen, Tuija, Kangasluoma, Juha, Kerminen, Veli-Matti, Kim, Changhyuk, Kirkby, Jasper, Kontkanen, Jenni, Kürten, Andreas, Lawler, Michael J., Mai, Huajun, Mathot, Serge, Mauldin III, Roy L., Molteni, Ugo, Nichman, Leonid, Nie, Wei, Nieminen, Tuomo, Ojdanic, Andrea, Onnela, Antti, Passananti, Monica, Petäjä, Tuukka, Piel, Felix, Pospisilova, Veronika, Quéléver, Lauriane L.J., Rissanen, Matti P., Rose, Clémence, Sarnela, Nina, Schallhart, Simon, Schuchmann, Simone, Sengupta, Kamalika, Simon, Mario, Sipilä, Mikko, Tauber, Christian, Tomé, António, Tröstl, Jasmin, Väisänen, Olli, Vogel, Alexander L., Volkamer, Rainer, Wagner, Andrea C., Wang, Mingyi, Weitz, Lena, Wimmer, Daniela, Ye, Penglin, Ylisirniö, Arttu, Carslaw, Kenneth S., Curtius, Joachim, Donahue, Neil M., Flagan, Richard C., Hansel, Armin, Riipinen, Ilona, Virtanen, Annele, Winkler, Paul M., Baltensperger, Urs, Kulmala, Markku, and Worsnop, Douglas R.
Subjects: inorganic chemicals
Abstract: A major fraction of atmospheric aerosol particles, which affect both air quality and climate, form from gaseous precursors in the atmosphere. Highly oxygenated organic molecules (HOMs), formed by oxidation of biogenic volatile organic compounds, are known to participate in particle formation and growth. However, it is not well understood how they interact with atmospheric pollutants, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx) and sulfur oxides (SOx) from fossil fuel combustion, as well as ammonia (NH3) from livestock and fertilizers. Here, we show how NOx suppresses particle formation, while HOMs, sulfuric acid, and NH3 have a synergistic enhancing effect on particle formation. We postulate a novel mechanism, involving HOMs, sulfuric acid, and ammonia, which is able to closely reproduce observations of particle formation and growth in daytime boreal forest and similar environments. The findings elucidate the complex interactions between biogenic and anthropogenic vapors in the atmospheric aerosol system., Science Advances, 4 (12), ISSN:2375-2548
Published: 2018

33. Beam Commissioning of the 750 MHz Proton RFQ for the LIGHT Prototype

Author: Dimov, Veliko, Caldara, Michele, Degiovanni, Alberto, Esposito, Luigi Salvatore, Fink, Daniel, Giunta, Marina, Jeff, Adam, Lombardi, Alessandra, Mathot, Serge, Valloni, Alessandra, and Vretenar, Maurizio
Subjects: Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Nuclear Theory, Physics::Accelerator Physics, A08 Linear Accelerators, 04 Hadron Accelerators, Nuclear Experiment, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Accelerator Physics
Abstract: ADAM (Application of Detectors and Accelerators to Medicine), a CERN spin-off company, is developing the Linac for Image Guided Hadron Therapy, LIGHT, which will accelerate proton beams up to 230 MeV. The design of the linac will allow fast intensity and energy modulation for pencil-beam scanning during cancer treatment. The linac consists of a 40 keV Proton Injector; a 750 MHz Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) accelerating the proton beam up to 5 MeV; a 3 GHz Side Coupled Drift Tube Linac (SCDTL) up to 37.5 MeV; and a 3 GHz Cell Coupled Linac (CCL) section up to 230 MeV. A prototype of LIGHT is being commissioned progressively with the installation of the accelerating structures at a CERN site. The beam commissioning of the RFQ, which was designed and built by CERN, was completed in 2017 using a movable beam diagnostic test bench with various instruments. This paper reports on the RFQ commissioning strategy and the results of the beam measurements., Proceedings of the 9th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2018, Vancouver, BC, Canada
Published: 2018

34. RF Design of a High-frequency RFQ Linac for PIXE Analysis

Author: Pommerenke, Hermann, Bilton, Amy, Grudiev, Alexej, Lombardi, Alessandra, Mathot, Serge, Montesinos, Eric, Timmins, Marc, Vretenar, Maurizio, and Van Rienen, Ursula
Subjects: Physics::Accelerator Physics, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Proton and Ion Accelerators and Applications, Accelerator Physics
Abstract: Protons with an energy of few MeV are commonly used for Ion Beam Analysis of materials, in particular with the Proton Induced X-ray Emission technique (PIXE). Because of its non-damaging character, PIXE is used in a variety of fields, in particular for the diagnosis of cultural heritage artwork. A compact accelerator based on a high frequency RFQ (Radio Frequency Quadrupole) linac has been designed and is being built at CERN. The length of the RFQ is only one meter and it allows the acceleration of a proton beam up to an energy of 2 MeV. The complete system is conceived to be transportable, allowing PIXE analysis almost anywhere. This paper covers the RF design of the compact RFQ operating at 750 MHz. We present general accelerator parameters and the current state of the RF design, which includes RFQ geometry and coupler design, thermal simulation and first particle tracking results., Proceedings of the 29\textsuperscript{th} Linear Accelerator Conf., LINAC2018, Beijing, China
Published: 2018
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35. rf design studies on the 750 MHz radio frequency quadrupole linac for proton-induced x-ray emission analysis

Author: Pommerenke, Hermann Winrich, primary, Bencini, Vittorio, additional, Grudiev, Alexej, additional, Lombardi, Alessandra Maria, additional, Mathot, Serge, additional, Montesinos, Eric, additional, Timmins, Marc, additional, van Rienen, Ursula, additional, and Vretenar, Maurizio, additional
Published: 2019
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36. Rapid growth of organic aerosol nanoparticles over a wide tropospheric temperature range

Author: Seinfeld, John H., Stolzenburg, Dominik, Fischer, Lukas, Vogel, Alexander L., Heinritzi, Martin, Schervish, Meredith, Simon, Mario, Wagner, Andrea Christine, Dada, Lubna, Ahonen, Lauri R., Amorim, Antonio, Baccarini, Andrea, Bauer, Paulus Salomon, Baumgartner, Bernhard, Bergen, Anton, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, Brilke, Sophia, Buenrostro Mazon, Stephany, Chen, Dexian, Dias, Antonio, Draper, Danielle C., Duplissy, Jonathan, El Haddad, Imad, Finkenzeller, Henning, Frege, Carla, Fuchs, Claudia, Garmash, Olga, Gordon, Hamish, He, Xucheng, Helm, Johanna, Hofbauer, Victoria, Hoyle, Christopher Robert, Kim, Changhyuk, Kirkby, Jasper, Kontkanen, Jenni, Kürten, Christoph Andreas, Lampilahti, Janne, Lawler, Michael Joseph, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Leiminger, Markus, Mai, Huajun, Mathot, Serge, Mentler, Bernhard, Molteni, Ugo, Nie, Wei, Nieminen, Tuomo, Nowak, John B., Ojdanic, Andrea, Onnela, Antti, Passananti, Monica, Petäjä, Tuukka, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., Rissanen, Matti P., Sarnela, Nina, Schallhart, Simon, Tauber, Christian, Tomé, Antonio, Wagner, Robert, Wang, Mingyi, Weitz, Lena, Wimmer, Daniela, Xiao, Mao, Yan, Chao, Ye, Penglin, Zha, Qiaozhi, Baltensperger, Urs, Curtius, Joachim, Dommen, Josef, Flagan, Richard C., Kulmala, Markku, Smith, James N., Worsnop, Douglas R., Hansel, Armin, Donahue, Neil McPherson, Winkler, Paul M., Seinfeld, John H., Stolzenburg, Dominik, Fischer, Lukas, Vogel, Alexander L., Heinritzi, Martin, Schervish, Meredith, Simon, Mario, Wagner, Andrea Christine, Dada, Lubna, Ahonen, Lauri R., Amorim, Antonio, Baccarini, Andrea, Bauer, Paulus Salomon, Baumgartner, Bernhard, Bergen, Anton, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, Brilke, Sophia, Buenrostro Mazon, Stephany, Chen, Dexian, Dias, Antonio, Draper, Danielle C., Duplissy, Jonathan, El Haddad, Imad, Finkenzeller, Henning, Frege, Carla, Fuchs, Claudia, Garmash, Olga, Gordon, Hamish, He, Xucheng, Helm, Johanna, Hofbauer, Victoria, Hoyle, Christopher Robert, Kim, Changhyuk, Kirkby, Jasper, Kontkanen, Jenni, Kürten, Christoph Andreas, Lampilahti, Janne, Lawler, Michael Joseph, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Leiminger, Markus, Mai, Huajun, Mathot, Serge, Mentler, Bernhard, Molteni, Ugo, Nie, Wei, Nieminen, Tuomo, Nowak, John B., Ojdanic, Andrea, Onnela, Antti, Passananti, Monica, Petäjä, Tuukka, Quéléver, Lauriane L. J., Rissanen, Matti P., Sarnela, Nina, Schallhart, Simon, Tauber, Christian, Tomé, Antonio, Wagner, Robert, Wang, Mingyi, Weitz, Lena, Wimmer, Daniela, Xiao, Mao, Yan, Chao, Ye, Penglin, Zha, Qiaozhi, Baltensperger, Urs, Curtius, Joachim, Dommen, Josef, Flagan, Richard C., Kulmala, Markku, Smith, James N., Worsnop, Douglas R., Hansel, Armin, Donahue, Neil McPherson, and Winkler, Paul M.
Abstract: Nucleation and growth of aerosol particles from atmospheric vapors constitutes a major source of global cloud condensation nuclei (CCN). The fraction of newly formed particles that reaches CCN sizes is highly sensitive to particle growth rates, especially for particle sizes <10 nm, where coagulation losses to larger aerosol particles are greatest. Recent results show that some oxidation products from biogenic volatile organic compounds are major contributors to particle formation and initial growth. However, whether oxidized organics contribute to particle growth over the broad span of tropospheric temperatures remains an open question, and quantitative mass balance for organic growth has yet to be demonstrated at any temperature. Here, in experiments performed under atmospheric conditions in the Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets (CLOUD) chamber at the European Organization for Nuclear Research (CERN), we show that rapid growth of organic particles occurs over the range from −25 ∘C to 25 ∘C. The lower extent of autoxidation at reduced temperatures is compensated by the decreased volatility of all oxidized molecules. This is confirmed by particle-phase composition measurements, showing enhanced uptake of relatively less oxygenated products at cold temperatures. We can reproduce the measured growth rates using an aerosol growth model based entirely on the experimentally measured gas-phase spectra of oxidized organic molecules obtained from two complementary mass spectrometers. We show that the growth rates are sensitive to particle curvature, explaining widespread atmospheric observations that particle growth rates increase in the single-digit-nanometer size range. Our results demonstrate that organic vapors can contribute to particle growth over a wide range of tropospheric temperatures from molecular cluster sizes onward.
Published: 2018

37. High-frequency compact RFQs for medical and industrial applications

Author: Vretenar, Maurizio, Dimov, Veliko, Garlaschè, Marco, Grudiev, Alexej, Koubek, Benjamin, Lombardi, Alessandra, Mathot, Serge, Mazur, David, Montesinos, Eric, and Timmins, Marc
Subjects: 3 Technology, Physics::Medical Physics, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Nuclear Experiment, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Accelerator Physics
Abstract: CERN has completed the construction of a 750 MHz RFQ reaching 5 MeV proton energy in a length of only 2 meters, to be used as injector for a compact proton therapy linac. Beyond proton therapy, this compact and lightweight design can be used for several applications, ranging from the production of radioisotopes in hospitals to ion beam analysis of industrial components or of artworks. The ex-perience with the construction of the first unit will be pre-sented together with the design and plans for other appli-cations., Proceedings of the 28th Linear Accelerator Conf., LINAC2016, East Lansing, MI, USA
Published: 2017

38. Temperature uniformity in the CERN CLOUD chamber

Author: Dias, António, primary, Ehrhart, Sebastian, additional, Vogel, Alexander, additional, Williamson, Christina, additional, Almeida, João, additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Mathot, Serge, additional, Mumford, Samuel, additional, and Onnela, Antti, additional
Published: 2017
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39. Temperature uniformity in the CERN CLOUD chamber

Author: Dias, Antonio, Ehrhart, Sebastian, Vogel, Alexander L., Williamson, Christina, Almeida, Joao, Kirkby, Jasper, Mathot, Serge, Mumford, Samuel, Onnela, Antti, Dias, Antonio, Ehrhart, Sebastian, Vogel, Alexander L., Williamson, Christina, Almeida, Joao, Kirkby, Jasper, Mathot, Serge, Mumford, Samuel, and Onnela, Antti
Abstract: The CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoor Droplets) experiment at CERN is studying the nucleation and growth of aerosol particles under atmospheric conditions, and their activation into cloud droplets. A key feature of the CLOUD experiment is precise control of the experimental parameters. Temperature uniformity and stability in the chamber are important since many of the processes under study are sensitive to temperature and also to contaminants that can be released from the stainless steel walls by upward temperature fluctuations. The air enclosed within the 3 m CLOUD chamber is equipped with several arrays (strings) of high precision, fast-response thermometers to measure its temperature. Here we present a study of the air temperature uniformity inside the CLOUD chamber under various experimental conditions. Measurements were performed under calibration conditions and run conditions, which are distinguished by the flow rate of fresh air and trace gases entering the chamber: 20 l/min and up to 210 l/min, respectively. During steady-state calibration runs between −70 °C and +20 °C, the air temperature uniformity is better than +/−0.06 °C in the radial direction and +/−0.1 °C in the vertical direction. Larger non-uniformities are present during experimental runs, depending on the temperature control of the make-up air and trace gases (since some trace gases require elevated temperatures until injection into the chamber). The temperature stability is a few times 0.01 °C over periods of several hours during either calibration or steady-state run conditions. During rapid adiabatic expansions to activate cloud droplets and ice particles, the chamber walls are up to 10 °C warmer than the enclosed air. This results in larger non-uniformities while the air returns to its equilibrium temperature with time constant of about 200 s.
Published: 2017

40. Beam Dynamics in a High Frequency RFQ

Author: Lombardi, Alessandra, Dimov, Veliko, Garlaschè, Marco, Grudiev, Alexej, Mathot, Serge, Montesinos, Eric, Myers, Stephen, Timmins, Marc, and Vretenar, Maurizio
Subjects: 5: Beam Dynamics and EM Fields, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Accelerator Physics
Abstract: CERN is constructing a 750 MHz Radio Frequency Quadrupole (RFQ) which can accelerate a proton beam to 5 MeV in a length of 2 m. The beam dynamics strategic parameters have been chosen to make this RFQ a good candidate for the injector of a medical facility operating at frequency of 3 GHz. Minimising beam losses above 1 MeV, containing the RF power losses and opening the road to industrialisation have been the guidelines for an unconventional RFQ design. In this paper, the optimisation efforts, the structure design and the expected beam qualities will be detailed. The status of the construction as well as the potential for further developments will be presented., Proceedings of the 6th Int. Particle Accelerator Conf., IPAC2015, Richmond, VA, USA
Published: 2015

41. The effect of acid-base clustering and ions on the growth of atmospheric nano-particles

Author: University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Rondo, Linda, Kontkanen, Jenni, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Jokinen, Tuija, Sarnela, Nina, Kuerten, Andreas, Ehrhart, Sebastian, Franchin, Alessandro, Nieminen, Tuomo, Riccobono, Francesco, Sipilä, Mikko, Yli-Juuti, Taina, Duplissy, Jonathan, Adamov, Alexey, Ahlm, Lars, Almeida, Joao, Amorim, Antonio, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, Dommen, Josef, Downard, Andrew J., Dunne, Eimear M., Flagan, Richard C., Guida, Roberto, Hakala, Jani, Hansel, Armin, Jud, Werner, Kangasluoma, Juha, Kerminen, Veli-Matti, Keskinen, Helmi, Kim, Jaeseok, Kirkby, Jasper, Kupc, Agnieszka, Kupiainen-Määttä, Oona, Laaksonen, Ari, Lawler, Michael J., Leiminger, Markus, Mathot, Serge, Olenius, Tinja, Ortega, Ismael K., Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Praplan, Arnaud, Rissanen, Matti P., Ruuskanen, Taina, Santos, Filipe D., Schallhart, Simon, Schnitzhofer, Ralf, Simon, Mario, Smith, James N., Trostl, Jasmin, Tsagkogeorgas, Georgios, Tome, Antonio, Vaattovaara, Petri, Vehkamäki, Hanna, Vrtala, Aron E., Wagner, Paul E., Williamson, Christina, Wimmer, Daniela, Winkler, Paul M., Virtanen, Annele, Donahue, Neil M., Carslaw, Kenneth S., Baltensperger, Urs, Riipinen, Ilona, Curtius, Joachim, Worsnop, Douglas R., Kulmala, Markku, University of Helsinki, Department of Physics, University of Helsinki, Helsinki Institute of Physics, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Rondo, Linda, Kontkanen, Jenni, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Jokinen, Tuija, Sarnela, Nina, Kuerten, Andreas, Ehrhart, Sebastian, Franchin, Alessandro, Nieminen, Tuomo, Riccobono, Francesco, Sipilä, Mikko, Yli-Juuti, Taina, Duplissy, Jonathan, Adamov, Alexey, Ahlm, Lars, Almeida, Joao, Amorim, Antonio, Bianchi, Federico, Breitenlechner, Martin, Dommen, Josef, Downard, Andrew J., Dunne, Eimear M., Flagan, Richard C., Guida, Roberto, Hakala, Jani, Hansel, Armin, Jud, Werner, Kangasluoma, Juha, Kerminen, Veli-Matti, Keskinen, Helmi, Kim, Jaeseok, Kirkby, Jasper, Kupc, Agnieszka, Kupiainen-Määttä, Oona, Laaksonen, Ari, Lawler, Michael J., Leiminger, Markus, Mathot, Serge, Olenius, Tinja, Ortega, Ismael K., Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Praplan, Arnaud, Rissanen, Matti P., Ruuskanen, Taina, Santos, Filipe D., Schallhart, Simon, Schnitzhofer, Ralf, Simon, Mario, Smith, James N., Trostl, Jasmin, Tsagkogeorgas, Georgios, Tome, Antonio, Vaattovaara, Petri, Vehkamäki, Hanna, Vrtala, Aron E., Wagner, Paul E., Williamson, Christina, Wimmer, Daniela, Winkler, Paul M., Virtanen, Annele, Donahue, Neil M., Carslaw, Kenneth S., Baltensperger, Urs, Riipinen, Ilona, Curtius, Joachim, Worsnop, Douglas R., and Kulmala, Markku
Abstract: The growth of freshly formed aerosol particles can be the bottleneck in their survival to cloud condensation nuclei. It is therefore crucial to understand how particles grow in the atmosphere. Insufficient experimental data has impeded a profound understanding of nano-particle growth under atmospheric conditions. Here we study nano-particle growth in the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving OUtdoors Droplets) chamber, starting from the formation of molecular clusters. We present measured growth rates at sub-3 nm sizes with different atmospherically relevant concentrations of sulphuric acid, water, ammonia and dimethylamine. We find that atmospheric ions and small acid-base clusters, which are not generally accounted for in the measurement of sulphuric acid vapour, can participate in the growth process, leading to enhanced growth rates. The availability of compounds capable of stabilizing sulphuric acid clusters governs the magnitude of these effects and thus the exact growth mechanism. We bring these observations into a coherent framework and discuss their significance in the atmosphere.
Published: 2016

42. A COMPACT HIGH-FREQUENCY RFQ FOR MEDICAL APPLICATIONS

Author: Vretenar, Maurizio, Dallocchio, Alessandro, Dimov, Veliko, Garlaschè, Marco, Grudiev, Alexej, Lombardi, Alessandra, Mathot, Serge, Montesinos, Eric, and Timmins, Marc
Subjects: Accelerators and Storage Rings
Abstract: In the frame of a new program for medical applications, CERN has designed and is presently constructing a compact 750 MHz Radio Frequency Quadrupole to be used as injector for hadron therapy linacs. The RFQ reaches an energy of 5 MeV in only 2 meters; it is divided into four standardized modules of 500 mm, each equipped with 12 tuner ports and one RF input. The inner quadrant radius is 46 mm and the RFQ has an outer diameter of 134 mm; its total weight is only 220 kg. The beam dynamics and RF design have been optimized for reduced length and minimum RF power consumption; construction techniques have been adapted for future industrial production. The multiple RF ports are foreseen for using either 4 solid-state units or 4 IOT’s as RF power sources. Although hadron therapy requires only a low duty cycle, the RFQ has been designed for 5% duty cycle in view of other uses. This extremely compact and economical RFQ design opens several new perspectives for medical applications, in particular for PET isotopes production in hospitals with two coupled high-frequency RFQs reaching 10 MeV and for Technetium production for SPECT tomography with two RFQs followed by a DTL.
Published: 2014
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43. Towards a Consolidation of LHC Superconducting Splices for 7 TeV Operation

Author: Bertinelli, Francesco, Catalán Lasheras, Nuria, Fessia, Paolo, Garion, Cedric, Mathot, Serge, Perin, Antonio, Scheuerlein, Christian, Sgobba, Stefano, Ten Kate, Herman, Tock, Jean-Philippe, Verweij, Arjan, and Willering, Gerard
Subjects: 07 Accelerator Technology, T10 Superconducting Magnets, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Accelerator Physics
Abstract: Following the analysis of the September 2008 LHC incident, the assembly process and the quality assurance of the main 13 kA interconnection splices were improved, with new measurement and diagnostics methods introduced. During the 2008-2009 shutdown ~5% of these 10 000 splices were newly assembled with these improvements implemented, but essentially maintaining the original design. It is known today that a limiting factor towards 7 TeV operation is the normal conducting resistance of ~15% of the original main 13 kA interconnection splices, associated to the electrical continuity of the copper stabiliser. A "Splices Task Force" has been set up at CERN to evaluate the need for, develop and test design improvements and prepare the implementation of a consolidation campaign. Important issues of splice design, process choice, resources and time requirements are considered., Proceedings of the 1st International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2010, Kyoto, Japan
Published: 2010
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44. Mechanical Design, Brazing and Assembly Procedures of the Linac4 RFQ

Author: Mathot, Serge, Bourquin, Pierre, Briswalter, Andre, Callamand, Thierry, Carosone, Jacky, Favre, Nadine, Geisser, Jean-Marie, Lombardi, Alessandra, Maire, Vincent, Malabaila, Marina, Pugnat, Dominique, Richerot, Philippe, Riffaud, Benoit, Rossi, Carlo, Timmins, Marc, Vacca, Agostino, Vandoni, Giovanna, and Vretenar, Maurizio
Subjects: A08 Linear Accelerators, 04 Hadron Accelerators, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Accelerator Physics
Abstract: The Linac4 RFQ will accelerate the H⁻ beam from the ion source to the energy of 3 MeV. The RFQ is composed of three sections of 1 meter each, assembled by means of ultra high vacuum flanges and an adjustable centering ring. The complete 3-m long RFQ will be supported isostatically over 3 points like a simple beam in order to minimise the maximum deflection. The ridge line, used to feed the RF power into the RFQ, will be supported via springs and its position adjusted in such way that no strain is introduced into the RFQ at the moment of its connection. The mechanical design has been done at CERN where the modules are completely manufactured, heat treated and brazed also. In that way, all of the processes are carefully controlled and the influence, notably of the heat treatments, has been understood in a better way. Since 2002 several four vanes RFQ modules have been brazed at CERN for the TRASCO and IPHI projects. A two-step brazing procedure has been tested. This technique is actually used for the assembly of the CERN Linac4 RFQ. This paper describes the design, the mechanical procedures adopted for machining and assembly and the first results obtained., Proceedings of the 1st International Particle Accelerator Conference, IPAC2010, Kyoto, Japan
Published: 2010
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45. Insight into Acid–Base Nucleation Experiments by Comparison of the Chemical Composition of Positive, Negative, and Neutral Clusters

Author: Bianchi, Federico, primary, Praplan, Arnaud P., additional, Sarnela, Nina, additional, Dommen, Josef, additional, Kürten, Andreas, additional, Ortega, Ismael K., additional, Schobesberger, Siegfried, additional, Junninen, Heikki, additional, Simon, Mario, additional, Tröstl, Jasmin, additional, Jokinen, Tuija, additional, Sipilä, Mikko, additional, Adamov, Alexey, additional, Amorim, Antonio, additional, Almeida, Joao, additional, Breitenlechner, Martin, additional, Duplissy, Jonathan, additional, Ehrhart, Sebastian, additional, Flagan, Richard C., additional, Franchin, Alessandro, additional, Hakala, Jani, additional, Hansel, Armin, additional, Heinritzi, Martin, additional, Kangasluoma, Juha, additional, Keskinen, Helmi, additional, Kim, Jaeseok, additional, Kirkby, Jasper, additional, Laaksonen, Ari, additional, Lawler, Michael J., additional, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, additional, Leiminger, Markus, additional, Makhmutov, Vladimir, additional, Mathot, Serge, additional, Onnela, Antti, additional, Petäjä, Tuukka, additional, Riccobono, Francesco, additional, Rissanen, Matti P., additional, Rondo, Linda, additional, Tomé, António, additional, Virtanen, Annele, additional, Viisanen, Yrjö, additional, Williamson, Christina, additional, Wimmer, Daniela, additional, Winkler, Paul M., additional, Ye, Penglin, additional, Curtius, Joachim, additional, Kulmala, Markku, additional, Worsnop, Douglas R., additional, Donahue, Neil M., additional, and Baltensperger, Urs, additional
Published: 2014
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46. Evolution of particle composition in CLOUD nucleation experiments

Author: Keskinen, Helmi, Virtanen, Annele, Joutsensaari, Jorma, Tsagkogeorgas, Georgios, Duplissy, Jonathan, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Gysel, Martin, Riccobono, Francesco, Slowik, Jay G., Bianchi, Federico, Yli-Juuti, Taina, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Rondo, Linda, Breitenlechner, Martin, Kupc, Agnieszka, Almeida, Joao, Amorin, António, Dunne, Eimear M., Downward, Andrew J., Ehrhart, Sebastian, Franchin, Alessandro, Kajos, Maija K., Kirkby, Jasper, Kürten, Christoph Andreas, Nieminen, Tuomo, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Mathot, Serge, Miettinen, Pasi, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Praplan, Arnaud Patrick, Santos, Filipe Duarte, Schallhart, Simon, Sipilä, Mikko, Stozhkov, Yuri, Tomé, Antonio, Vaattovaara, Petri, Wimmer, Daniela, Prévôt, André Stephan Henry, Dommen, Josef, Donahue, Neil McPherson, Flagan, Richard C., Weingartner, Ernest, Viisanen, Yrjö, Riipinen, Ilona, Hansel, Armin, Curtius, Joachim, Kulmala, Markku, Worsnop, Douglas R., Baltensperger, Urs, Wex, Heike, Stratmann, Frank, Laaksonen, Ari, Keskinen, Helmi, Virtanen, Annele, Joutsensaari, Jorma, Tsagkogeorgas, Georgios, Duplissy, Jonathan, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Gysel, Martin, Riccobono, Francesco, Slowik, Jay G., Bianchi, Federico, Yli-Juuti, Taina, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Rondo, Linda, Breitenlechner, Martin, Kupc, Agnieszka, Almeida, Joao, Amorin, António, Dunne, Eimear M., Downward, Andrew J., Ehrhart, Sebastian, Franchin, Alessandro, Kajos, Maija K., Kirkby, Jasper, Kürten, Christoph Andreas, Nieminen, Tuomo, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Mathot, Serge, Miettinen, Pasi, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Praplan, Arnaud Patrick, Santos, Filipe Duarte, Schallhart, Simon, Sipilä, Mikko, Stozhkov, Yuri, Tomé, Antonio, Vaattovaara, Petri, Wimmer, Daniela, Prévôt, André Stephan Henry, Dommen, Josef, Donahue, Neil McPherson, Flagan, Richard C., Weingartner, Ernest, Viisanen, Yrjö, Riipinen, Ilona, Hansel, Armin, Curtius, Joachim, Kulmala, Markku, Worsnop, Douglas R., Baltensperger, Urs, Wex, Heike, Stratmann, Frank, and Laaksonen, Ari
Abstract: Sulphuric acid, ammonia, amines, and oxidised organics play a crucial role in nanoparticle formation in the atmosphere. In this study, we investigate the composition of nucleated nanoparticles formed from these compounds in the CLOUD (Cosmics Leaving Outdoor Droplets) chamber experiments at CERN (Centre européen pour la recherche nucléaire). The investigation was carried out via analysis of the particle hygroscopicity, ethanol affinity, oxidation state, and ion composition. Hygroscopicity was studied by a hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyser and a cloud condensation nuclei counter, ethanol affinity by an organic differential mobility analyser and particle oxidation level by a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer. The ion composition was studied by an atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The volume fraction of the organics in the particles during their growth from sizes of a few nanometers to tens of nanometers was derived from measured hygroscopicity assuming the Zdanovskii–Stokes–Robinson relationship, and compared to values gained from the spectrometers. The ZSR-relationship was also applied to obtain the measured ethanol affinities during the particle growth, which were used to derive the volume fractions of sulphuric acid and the other inorganics (e.g. ammonium salts). In the presence of sulphuric acid and ammonia, particles with a mobility diameter of 150 nm were chemically neutralised to ammonium sulphate. In the presence of oxidation products of pinanediol, the organic volume fraction of freshly nucleated particles increased from 0.4 to ~0.9, with an increase in diameter from 2 to 63 nm. Conversely, the sulphuric acid volume fraction decreased from 0.6 to 0.1 when the particle diameter increased from 2 to 50 nm. The results provide information on the composition of nucleated aerosol particles during their growth in the presence of various combinations of sulphuric acid, ammonia, dimethylamine and or
Published: 2013

47. Evolution of particle composition in CLOUD nucleation experiments

Author: Keskinen, Helmi, Virtanen, Annele, Joutsensaari, Jorma, Tsagkogeorgas, Georgios, Duplissy, Jonathan, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Gysel, Martin, Riccobono, Francesco, Slowik, Jay G., Bianchi, Federico, Yli-Juuti, Taina, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Rondo, Linda, Breitenlechner, Martin, Kupc, Agnieszka, Almeida, Joao, Amorin, António, Dunne, Eimear M., Downward, Andrew J., Ehrhart, Sebastian, Franchin, Alessandro, Kajos, Maija K., Kirkby, Jasper, Kürten, Christoph Andreas, Nieminen, Tuomo, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Mathot, Serge, Miettinen, Pasi, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Praplan, Arnaud Patrick, Santos, Filipe Duarte, Schallhart, Simon, Sipilä, Mikko, Stozhkov, Yuri, Tomé, Antonio, Vaattovaara, Petri, Wimmer, Daniela, Prévôt, André Stephan Henry, Dommen, Josef, Donahue, Neil McPherson, Flagan, Richard C., Weingartner, Ernest, Viisanen, Yrjö, Riipinen, Ilona, Hansel, Armin, Curtius, Joachim, Kulmala, Markku, Worsnop, Douglas R., Baltensperger, Urs, Wex, Heike, Stratmann, Frank, Laaksonen, Ari, Keskinen, Helmi, Virtanen, Annele, Joutsensaari, Jorma, Tsagkogeorgas, Georgios, Duplissy, Jonathan, Schobesberger, Siegfried, Gysel, Martin, Riccobono, Francesco, Slowik, Jay G., Bianchi, Federico, Yli-Juuti, Taina, Lehtipalo, Katrianne, Rondo, Linda, Breitenlechner, Martin, Kupc, Agnieszka, Almeida, Joao, Amorin, António, Dunne, Eimear M., Downward, Andrew J., Ehrhart, Sebastian, Franchin, Alessandro, Kajos, Maija K., Kirkby, Jasper, Kürten, Christoph Andreas, Nieminen, Tuomo, Makhmutov, Vladimir, Mathot, Serge, Miettinen, Pasi, Onnela, Antti, Petäjä, Tuukka, Praplan, Arnaud Patrick, Santos, Filipe Duarte, Schallhart, Simon, Sipilä, Mikko, Stozhkov, Yuri, Tomé, Antonio, Vaattovaara, Petri, Wimmer, Daniela, Prévôt, André Stephan Henry, Dommen, Josef, Donahue, Neil McPherson, Flagan, Richard C., Weingartner, Ernest, Viisanen, Yrjö, Riipinen, Ilona, Hansel, Armin, Curtius, Joachim, Kulmala, Markku, Worsnop, Douglas R., Baltensperger, Urs, Wex, Heike, Stratmann, Frank, and Laaksonen, Ari
Abstract: Sulphuric acid, ammonia, amines, and oxidised organics play a crucial role in nanoparticle formation in the atmosphere. In this study, we investigate the composition of nucleated nanoparticles formed from these compounds in the CLOUD chamber experiments at CERN. The investigation is carried out via analysis of the particle hygroscopicity, ethanol affinity, oxidation state, and ion composition. Hygroscopicity was studied by a hygroscopic tandem differential mobility analyser and a cloud condensation nuclei counter, ethanol affinity by an organic differential mobility analyser and particle oxidation level by a high-resolution time-of-flight aerosol mass spectrometer. The ion composition was studied by an atmospheric pressure interface time-of-flight mass spectrometer. The volume fraction of the organics in the particles during their growth from sizes of a few nanometers to tens of nanometers was derived from measured hygroscopicity assuming the Zdanovski-Stokes-Robinson relationship, and compared to values gained from the spectrometers. The ZSR-relationship was also applied to obtain the measured ethanol affinities during the particle growth, which were used to derive the volume fractions of sulphuric acid and the other inorganics (e.g. ammonium salts). In the presence of sulphuric acid and ammonia, particles with a mobility diameter of 150 nm were chemically neutralised to ammonium sulphate. In the presence of oxidation products of pinanediol, the organic volume fraction of freshly nucleated particles increased from 0.4 to ∼0.9, with an increase in diameter from 2 to 63 nm. Conversely, the sulphuric acid volume fraction decreased from 0.6 to 0.1 when the particle diameter increased from 2 to 50 nm. The results provide information on the composition of nucleated aerosol particles during their growth in the presence of various combinations of sulphuric acid, ammonia, dimethylamine and organic oxidation products.
Published: 2012

48. RF and accelerating structure of 12 MeV UPC race-track microtron

Author: Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Institut de Tècniques Energètiques, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GREENER - Grup de recerca d'estudis energètics i de les radiacions, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CMC - Control, Monitorització i Comunicacions, Koubychine Merkulov, Youri Alexandrovich, Gonzalez, Xavier, Montoro López, Gabriel, Carrillo, David, Garcia-Tabares, Luis, Toral, Fernando, Mathot, Serge Jean, Shvedunov, V.I., Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Institut de Tècniques Energètiques, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament de Teoria del Senyal i Comunicacions, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. GREENER - Grup de recerca d'estudis energètics i de les radiacions, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CMC - Control, Monitorització i Comunicacions, Koubychine Merkulov, Youri Alexandrovich, Gonzalez, Xavier, Montoro López, Gabriel, Carrillo, David, Garcia-Tabares, Luis, Toral, Fernando, Mathot, Serge Jean, and Shvedunov, V.I.
Abstract: We describe the design and technical characteristics of a C-band SW accelerating structure of a 12 MeV race-track microtron, which is under construction at the Technical University of Catalonia, and its RF system with a 5712 MHz magnetron as a source. Results of cold tests of the accelerating structure, before and after the brazing, and of high-power tests of the RF system at a special stand are reported. The main features of the magnetron frequency stabilization subsystem are also outlined., Postprint (published version)
Published: 2012

49. Three-dimensional nuclear microanalysis in materials science

Author: Demortier, Guy, primary and Mathot, Serge, additional
Published: 1993
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50. Secondary effects in PIXE analysis of binary alloys and thick surface layers

Author: Demortier, Guy, primary, Mathot, Serge, additional, and Steukers, Catherine, additional
Published: 1993
Full Text: View/download PDF

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