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1. Mpox Hepatic and Pulmonary Lesions in HIV/Hepatitis B Virus Co-Infected Patient, France

Author: Ruxandra Calin, Claire Périllaud-Dubois, Stéphane Marot, Khaldoun Kerrou, Gilles Peytavin, Marwa Bachir, Anne Laure Kirch, Ludovic Lassel, Vincent Fallet, Joel Gozlan, Jean Baptiste Pain, Patricia Senet, Olivier Ferraris, Sébastien Bine, Mathieu Hubert, Olivier Schwartz, Laurence Morand-Joubert, and Gilles Pialoux
Subjects: mpox, monkeypox virus, HIV, HIV/AIDS and other retroviruses, hepatitis B virus, HBV, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: We report a case of persistent disseminated mpox evolving over >6 months in an HIV/hepatitis B virus co-infected patient in France who had
Published: 2024
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2. Distinct evolution of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron XBB and BA.2.86/JN.1 lineages combining increased fitness and antibody evasion

Author: Delphine Planas, Isabelle Staropoli, Vincent Michel, Frederic Lemoine, Flora Donati, Matthieu Prot, Francoise Porrot, Florence Guivel-Benhassine, Banujaa Jeyarajah, Angela Brisebarre, Océane Dehan, Léa Avon, William Henry Bolland, Mathieu Hubert, Julian Buchrieser, Thibault Vanhoucke, Pierre Rosenbaum, David Veyer, Hélène Péré, Bruno Lina, Sophie Trouillet-Assant, Laurent Hocqueloux, Thierry Prazuck, Etienne Simon-Loriere, and Olivier Schwartz
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Abstract The unceasing circulation of SARS-CoV-2 leads to the continuous emergence of novel viral sublineages. Here, we isolate and characterize XBB.1, XBB.1.5, XBB.1.9.1, XBB.1.16.1, EG.5.1.1, EG.5.1.3, XBF, BA.2.86.1 and JN.1 variants, representing >80% of circulating variants in January 2024. The XBB subvariants carry few but recurrent mutations in the spike, whereas BA.2.86.1 and JN.1 harbor >30 additional changes. These variants replicate in IGROV-1 but no longer in Vero E6 and are not markedly fusogenic. They potently infect nasal epithelial cells, with EG.5.1.3 exhibiting the highest fitness. Antivirals remain active. Neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses from vaccinees and BA.1/BA.2-infected individuals are markedly lower compared to BA.1, without major differences between variants. An XBB breakthrough infection enhances NAb responses against both XBB and BA.2.86 variants. JN.1 displays lower affinity to ACE2 and higher immune evasion properties compared to BA.2.86.1. Thus, while distinct, the evolutionary trajectory of these variants combines increased fitness and antibody evasion.
Published: 2024
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3. Human Claudin-Derived Peptides Block the Membrane Fusion Process of Zika Virus and Are Broad Flavivirus Inhibitors

Author: Jim Zoladek, Julien Burlaud-Gaillard, Maxime Chazal, Sophie Desgraupes, Patricia Jeannin, Antoine Gessain, Nathalie Pardigon, Mathieu Hubert, Philippe Roingeard, Nolwenn Jouvenet, and Philippe V. Afonso
Subjects: antimicrobial peptides, claudin, flavivirus, Zika, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: ABSTRACT Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that emerged in the Pacific islands in 2007 and spread to the Americas in 2015. The infection remains asymptomatic in most cases but can be associated with severe neurological disorders. Despite massive efforts, no specific drug or vaccine against ZIKV infection is available to date. Claudins are tight-junction proteins that favor the entry of several flaviviruses, including ZIKV. In this study, we identified two peptides derived from the N-terminal sequences of claudin-7 and claudin-1, named CL7.1 and CL1.1, respectively, that inhibited ZIKV infection in a panel of human cell lines. Using cell-to-cell fusion assays, we demonstrated that these peptides blocked the ZIKV E-mediated membrane fusion. A comparison of the antiviral efficacy of CL1.1 and CL7.1 pointed to the importance of the peptide amphipathicity. Electron microscopic analysis revealed that CL1.1 altered the ultrastructure of the viral particles likely by binding the virus lipid envelope. However, amphipathicity could not fully explain the antiviral activity of CL1.1. In silico docking simulations suggested that CL1.1 may also interact with the E protein, near its stem region. Overall, our data suggested that claudin-derived peptides inhibition may be linked to simultaneous interaction with the E protein and the viral lipid envelope. Finally, we found that CL1.1 also blocked infection by yellow fever and Japanese encephalitis viruses but not by HIV-1 or SARS-CoV-2. Our results provide a basis for the future development of therapeutics against a wide range of endemic and emerging flaviviruses. IMPORTANCE Zika virus (ZIKV) is a flavivirus transmitted by mosquito bites that have spread to the Pacific Islands and the Americas over the past decade. The infection remains asymptomatic in most cases but can cause severe neurological disorders. ZIKV is a major public health threat in areas of endemicity, and there is currently no specific antiviral drug or vaccine available. We identified two antiviral peptides deriving from the N-terminal sequences of claudin-7 and claudin-1 with the latter being the most effective. These peptides block the envelope-mediated membrane fusion. Our data suggested that the inhibition was likely achieved by simultaneously interacting with the viral lipid envelope and the E protein. The peptides also inhibited other flaviviruses. These results could provide the basis for the development of therapies that might target a wide array of flaviviruses from current epidemics and possibly future emergences.
Published: 2022
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4. The FDA-approved drug Auranofin has a dual inhibitory effect on SARS-CoV-2 entry and NF-κB signaling

Author: Emmanuel Laplantine, Christine Chable-Bessia, Anne Oudin, Jitendryia Swain, Adèle Soria, Peggy Merida, Manon Gourdelier, Sarra Mestiri, Indira Besseghe, Erwan Bremaud, Aymeric Neyret, Sebastien Lyonnais, Cyril Favard, Philippe Benaroch, Mathieu Hubert, Olivier Schwartz, Maryse Guerin, Anne Danckaert, Elaine Del Nery, Delphine Muriaux, and Robert Weil
Subjects: Chemistry, Biochemistry, Medical biochemistry, Molecular biology, Science
Abstract: Summary: Patients with severe COVID-19 show an altered immune response that fails to control the viral spread and suffer from exacerbated inflammatory response, which eventually can lead to death. A major challenge is to develop an effective treatment for COVID-19. NF-κB is a major player in innate immunity and inflammatory process. By a high-throughput screening approach, we identified FDA-approved compounds that inhibit the NF-κB pathway and thus dampen inflammation. Among these, we show that Auranofin prevents post-translational modifications of NF-κB effectors and their recruitment into activating complexes in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection or cytokine stimulation. In addition, we demonstrate that Auranofin counteracts several steps of SARS-CoV-2 infection. First, it inhibits a raft-dependent endocytic pathway involved in SARS-CoV-2 entry into host cells; Second, Auranofin alters the ACE2 mobility at the plasma membrane. Overall, Auranofin should prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection and inflammatory damages, offering new opportunities as a repurposable drug candidate to treat COVID-19.
Published: 2022
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5. SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the dedifferentiation of multiciliated cells and impairs mucociliary clearance

Author: Rémy Robinot, Mathieu Hubert, Guilherme Dias de Melo, Françoise Lazarini, Timothée Bruel, Nikaïa Smith, Sylvain Levallois, Florence Larrous, Julien Fernandes, Stacy Gellenoncourt, Stéphane Rigaud, Olivier Gorgette, Catherine Thouvenot, Céline Trébeau, Adeline Mallet, Guillaume Duménil, Samy Gobaa, Raphaël Etournay, Pierre-Marie Lledo, Marc Lecuit, Hervé Bourhy, Darragh Duffy, Vincent Michel, Olivier Schwartz, and Lisa A. Chakrabarti
Subjects: Science
Abstract: SARS-CoV-2 infection damages the airways. Here the authors show that SARS-CoV-2 infection induces the rapid loss of airway motile cilia, resulting in altered cilia clearance function. Cilia loss is preceded by reduced expression of the ciliogenesis regulator Foxj1.
Published: 2021
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6. Evidence That Zika Virus Is Transmitted by Breastfeeding to Newborn A129 (Ifnar1 Knock-Out) Mice and Is Able to Infect and Cross a Tight Monolayer of Human Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Author: Mathieu Hubert, Patricia Jeannin, Julien Burlaud-Gaillard, Philippe Roingeard, Antoine Gessain, Pierre-Emmanuel Ceccaldi, and Aurore Vidy
Subjects: Zika virus, mouse model, oral transmission, mother-to-child transmission, breastfeeding, intestinal epithelium, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the Flavivirus genus in the Flaviviridae family. Mainly transmitted via mosquito bites (Aedes aegypti, Aedes albopictus), ZIKV has been classified in the large category of arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses. However, during the past two outbreaks in French Polynesia (2013–2014) and Latin America (2015–2016), several cases of ZIKV human-to-human transmission were reported, either vertically via transplacental route but also horizontally after sexual intercourse. Interestingly, high viral burdens were detected in the colostrum and breast milk of infected women and mother-to-child transmission of ZIKV during breastfeeding was recently highlighted. In a previous study, we highlighted the implication of the mammary epithelium (blood–milk barrier) in ZIKV infectious particles excretion in breast milk. However, mechanisms of their further transmissibility to the newborn via oral route through contaminated breast milk remain unknown. In this study, we provide the first experimental proof-of-concept of the existence of the breastfeeding as a route for mother-to-child transmission of ZIKV and characterized the neonatal oral transmission in a well-established mouse model of ZIKV infection. From a mechanistical point-of-view, we demonstrated for the first time that ZIKV was able to infect and cross an in vitro model of tight human intestinal epithelium without altering its barrier integrity, permitting us to consider the gut as an entry site for ZIKV after oral exposure. By combining in vitro and in vivo experiments, this study strengthens the plausibility of mother-to-child transmission of ZIKV during breastfeeding and helps to better characterize underlying mechanisms, such as the crossing of the newborn intestinal epithelium by ZIKV. As a consequence, these data could serve as a basis for a reflection about the implementation of measures to prevent ZIKV transmission, while keeping in mind breastfeeding-associated benefits.
Published: 2020
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7. Mother-to-Child Transmission of Arboviruses during Breastfeeding: From Epidemiology to Cellular Mechanisms

Author: Sophie Desgraupes, Mathieu Hubert, Antoine Gessain, Pierre-Emmanuel Ceccaldi, and Aurore Vidy
Subjects: arboviruses, mother-to-child transmission, breastfeeding, breast milk, intestinal epithelium, mammary epithelium, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: Most viruses use several entry sites and modes of transmission to infect their host (parenteral, sexual, respiratory, oro-fecal, transplacental, transcutaneous, etc.). Some of them are known to be essentially transmitted via arthropod bites (mosquitoes, ticks, phlebotomes, sandflies, etc.), and are thus named arthropod-borne viruses, or arboviruses. During the last decades, several arboviruses have emerged or re-emerged in different countries in the form of notable outbreaks, resulting in a growing interest from scientific and medical communities as well as an increase in epidemiological studies. These studies have highlighted the existence of other modes of transmission. Among them, mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) during breastfeeding was highlighted for the vaccine strain of yellow fever virus (YFV) and Zika virus (ZIKV), and suggested for other arboviruses such as Chikungunya virus (CHIKV), dengue virus (DENV), and West Nile virus (WNV). In this review, we summarize all epidemiological and clinical clues that suggest the existence of breastfeeding as a neglected route for MTCT of arboviruses and we decipher some of the mechanisms that chronologically occur during MTCT via breastfeeding by focusing on ZIKV transmission process.
Published: 2021
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8. L’ÉVÉNEMENT ET LE TRAGIQUE: SUR LE CARACTÈRE INDIGESTE DE LA PHILOSOPHIE DE CLÉMENT ROSSET

Author: Mathieu Hubert
Subjects: événement, tragique, indigeste, réel, clément rosset, Philosophy (General), B1-5802
Abstract: La “période tragiqueˮ, de La philosophie tragique (1960) à L’anti-nature (1973), marque le premier moment de la philosophie de Clément Rosset. Nous y examinerons le traitement réservé à la notion d’événement, centrale à bien des égards et dont l’importance semble méconnue, au croisement de l’antimétaphysique et des critiques adressées à l’instinct anti-tragique, c’est-à-dire, dans la première terminologie rossetienne, à la morale. Plus largement, et de façon souterraine, cette question de l’événement traverse la philosophie de Clément Rosset jusque dans son dernier ouvrage, récemment paru, L’endroit du paradis (2018), et en constitue sans doute l’un des piliers cachés, qu’il s’agit ici de mettre en lumière.
Published: 2019
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9. Productive Infection of Mouse Mammary Glands and Human Mammary Epithelial Cells by Zika Virus

Author: Mathieu Hubert, Aurélie Chiche, Vincent Legros, Patricia Jeannin, Thomas Montange, Antoine Gessain, Pierre-Emmanuel Ceccaldi, and Aurore Vidy
Subjects: zika virus, dissemination, mammary glands, tropism, primary cells, luminal cells, myoepithelial cells, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract: Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the large category of arboviruses. Surprisingly, several human-to-human transmissions of ZIKV have been notified, either following sexual intercourse or from the mother to fetus during pregnancy. Importantly, high viral loads have been detected in the human breast milk of infected mothers, and the existence of breastfeeding as a new mode of mother-to-child transmission of ZIKV was recently hypothesized. However, the maternal origin of infectious particles in breast milk is currently unknown. Here, we show that ZIKV disseminates to the mammary glands of infected mice after both systemic and local exposure with differential kinetics. Ex vivo, we demonstrate that primary human mammary epithelial cells were sensitive and permissive to ZIKV infection in this study. Moreover, by using in vitro models, we prove that mammary luminal- and myoepithelial-phenotype cell lines are both able to produce important virus progeny after ZIKV exposure. Our data suggest that the dissemination of ZIKV to the mammary glands and subsequent infection of the mammary epithelium could be one mechanism of viral excretion in human breast milk.
Published: 2019
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10. Overshootless repetitive control.

Author: Yi Yuan, François Auger, Luc Loron, Stephane Moisy, and Mathieu Hubert
Published: 2015
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11. Outgassing of Three Space Materials from −75 to 25°C

Author: Guillaume Rioland, Mathieu Hubert, Baptiste Houret, and Delphine Faye
Subjects: Space and Planetary Science, Aerospace Engineering
Published: 2022

12. Complement-dependent mpox-virus-neutralizing antibodies in infected and vaccinated individuals

Author: Mathieu Hubert, Florence Guivel-Benhassine, Timothée Bruel, Françoise Porrot, Delphine Planas, Jessica Vanhomwegen, Aurélie Wiedemann, Sonia Burrel, Stéphane Marot, Romain Palich, Gentiane Monsel, Harouna Diombera, Sébastien Gallien, Jose Luis Lopez-Zaragoza, William Vindrios, Fabien Taieb, Sandrine Fernandes-Pellerin, Maurine Delhaye, Hélène Laude, Laurence Arowas, Marie-Noelle Ungeheuer, Laurent Hocqueloux, Valérie Pourcher, Thierry Prazuck, Anne-Geneviève Marcelin, Jean-Daniel Lelièvre, Christophe Batéjat, Yves Lévy, Jean-Claude Manuguerra, and Olivier Schwartz
Subjects: Virology, Parasitology, Microbiology
Published: 2023

13. A Corning perspective on the future of technical glass in our evolving world

Author: Jeffrey T. Kohli, Mathieu Hubert, Randall E. Youngman, and David L. Morse
Subjects: General Materials Science
Published: 2022

14. Paradoxes de la sottise entre Montaigne et La Bruyère

Author: Mathieu Hubert
Subjects: Philosophy
Published: 2022

15. Torque ripple reduction in Permanent Magnet Synchronous Machines using angle-based iterative learning control.

Author: Yi Yuan, François Auger, Luc Loron, Stephane Moisy, and Mathieu Hubert
Published: 2012
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16. Poor sensitivity of iPSC-derived neural progenitors and glutamatergic neurons to SARS-CoV-2

Author: Marija Zivaljic, Mathieu Hubert, Ludivine Grzelak, Giulia Sansone, Uwe Maskos, and Olivier Schwartz
Abstract: COVID-19 is a respiratory disease affecting multiple organs including the central nervous system (CNS), with a characteristic loss of smell and taste. Although frequently reported, the neurological symptoms remain enigmatic. There is no consensus on the extent of CNS infection. Here, we derived human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC) into neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and cortical excitatory neurons to study their permissiveness to SARS-CoV-2 infection. Flow cytometry and western blot analysis indicated that NPCs and neurons do not express detectable levels of the SARS-CoV-2 receptor ACE2. We thus generated cells expressing ACE2 by lentiviral transduction to analyze in a controlled manner the properties of SARS-CoV-2 infection relative to ACE2 expression. Sensitivity of parental and ACE2 expressing cells was assessed with GFP- or luciferase-carrying pseudoviruses and with authentic SARS-CoV-2 Wuhan, D614G, Alpha or Delta variants. SARS-CoV-2 replication was assessed by microscopy, RT-qPCR and infectivity assays. Pseudoviruses infected only cells overexpressing ACE2. Neurons and NPCs were unable to efficiently replicate SARS-CoV-2, whereas ACE2 overexpressing neurons were highly sensitive to productive infection. Altogether, our results indicate that primary NPCs and cortical neurons remain poorly permissive to SARS-CoV-2 across the variants’ spectrum, in the absence of ACE2 expression.
Published: 2022

17. SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta, and Delta variants display enhanced Spike-mediated syncytia formation

Author: Mathieu Hubert, Jérémy Dufloo, Rémy Robinot, Hugo Mouquet, Olivier Schwartz, Ludivine Grzelak, Nell Saunders, Elodie Bishop, Françoise Porrot, Delphine Planas, Maaran Michael Rajah, Julian Buchrieser, Lisa A. Chakrabarti, Marija Zivaljic, Alice Bongers, Stacy Gellenoncourt, Florence Guivel-Benhassine, Cyril Planchais, Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Sorbonne Université (SU), Neurobiologie intégrative des Systèmes cholinergiques / Integrative Neurobiology of Cholinergic Systems (NISC), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ecole doctorale Cerveau Cognition et Comportement [Paris] (ED 158 - 3C), Immunologie humorale - Humoral Immunology, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Work in OS lab is funded by Institut Pasteur, Urgence COVID-19 Fundraising Campaign of Institut Pasteur, ANRS, the Vaccine Research Institute (ANR-10-LABX-77), Fondation Pour la Recherche Médicale (FRM), Labex IBEID (ANR-10-LABX62-IBEID), ANR/FRM Flash Covid PROTEO-SARS-CoV-2, ANR CoronaMito AAP RA-COVID-19 V14, and IDISCOVR. Work in UPBI is funded by grant ANR-10-INSB-04-01 and Région Ile-de-France program DIM1-Health. MMR and MZ are supported by the Pasteur-Paris University (PPU) International Doctoral Program. MMR is also supported by Institut Pasteur Department of Virology 'Bourse de Soudure' fellowship. DP is supported by the Vaccine Research Institute. LG is supported by the French Ministry of Higher Education, Research and Innovation. EB is supported by the Medecine-Sciences ENS-PSL Program. HM laboratory is funded by the Institut Pasteur, the Milieu Intérieur Program (ANR-10-LABX-69- 01), the INSERM, REACTing, EU (RECOVER), and Fondation de France (#00106077) grants., We thank members of the Virus and Immunity Unit for helpful discussions, Dr. Nicoletta Casartelli for her critical reading of the manuscript, and Nathalie Aulner and the UtechS Photonic BioImaging (UPBI) core facility (Institut Pasteur), a member of the France BioImaging network, for image acquisition and analysis support., ANR-10-LABX-0077,VRI,Initiative for the creation of a Vaccine Research Institute(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-20-COVI-0059,PROTEO-SARS-CoV-2,Protéomique du SARS-CoV-2(2020), ANR-21-CO14-0007,CoronaMito,Conséquences de l'infection par le SRAS-CoV-2 sur la fonction mitochondriale(2021), ANR-10-INBS-0004,France-BioImaging,Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0069,MILIEU INTERIEUR,GENETIC & ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF IMMUNE PHENOTYPE VARIANCE: ESTABLISHING A PATH TOWARDS PERSONALIZED MEDICINE(2010), Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity (CNRS-UMR3569), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Vaccine Research Institute [Créteil, France] (VRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ziani, Isma, Laboratoires d'excellence - Initiative for the creation of a Vaccine Research Institute - - VRI2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0077 - LABX - VALID, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, Protéomique du SARS-CoV-2 - - PROTEO-SARS-CoV-22020 - ANR-20-COVI-0059 - COVID-19 - VALID, Conséquences de l'infection par le SRAS-CoV-2 sur la fonction mitochondriale - - CoronaMito2021 - ANR-21-CO14-0007 - COVID-19 - VALID, Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée - - France-BioImaging2010 - ANR-10-INBS-0004 - INBS - VALID, and Laboratoires d'excellence - GENETIC & ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF IMMUNE PHENOTYPE VARIANCE: ESTABLISHING A PATH TOWARDS PERSONALIZED MEDICINE - - MILIEU INTERIEUR2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0069 - LABX - VALID
Subjects: fusion, coronavirus, MESH: Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, MESH: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, medicine.disease_cause, Virus Replication, Giant Cells, SARS‐CoV‐2, MESH: Antibodies, Monoclonal, MESH: Giant Cells, MESH: Chlorocebus aethiops, Chlorocebus aethiops, MESH: Animals, Receptor, Coronavirus, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Syncytium, Strain (chemistry), General Neuroscience, Antibodies, Monoclonal, Articles, Transmembrane protein, Microbiology, Virology & Host Pathogen Interaction, Cell biology, MESH: HEK293 Cells, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, MESH: Caco-2 Cells, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, MESH: Mutation, medicine.drug_class, Immunology, Alpha (ethology), MESH: Vero Cells, Biology, Monoclonal antibody, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Cell Line, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, Beta (finance), syncytia, Molecular Biology, Vero Cells, MESH: Humans, General Immunology and Microbiology, SARS-CoV-2, MESH: Virus Replication, spike, MESH: Cell Line, HEK293 Cells, Mutation, Caco-2 Cells
Abstract: Severe COVID‐19 is characterized by lung abnormalities, including the presence of syncytial pneumocytes. Syncytia form when SARS‐CoV‐2 spike protein expressed on the surface of infected cells interacts with the ACE2 receptor on neighboring cells. The syncytia forming potential of spike variant proteins remain poorly characterized. Here, we first assessed Alpha (B.1.1.7) and Beta (B.1.351) spread and fusion in cell cultures, compared with the ancestral D614G strain. Alpha and Beta replicated similarly to D614G strain in Vero, Caco‐2, Calu‐3, and primary airway cells. However, Alpha and Beta formed larger and more numerous syncytia. Variant spike proteins displayed higher ACE2 affinity compared with D614G. Alpha, Beta, and D614G fusion was similarly inhibited by interferon‐induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs). Individual mutations present in Alpha and Beta spikes modified fusogenicity, binding to ACE2 or recognition by monoclonal antibodies. We further show that Delta spike also triggers faster fusion relative to D614G. Thus, SARS‐CoV‐2 emerging variants display enhanced syncytia formation., Spike protein mutations expressed by emerging SARS‐CoV‐2 variants‐of‐concern differentially affect host cell‐to‐cell fusion, ACE2 receptor binding, and antibody escape.
Published: 2021

18. Celebrating Optical Glass – the International Year of Glass (2022): feature issue introduction

Author: John Ballato, Ulrich Fotheringham, Mathieu Hubert, Stefan Nolte, Laeticia Petit, Kathleen A. Richardson, Publica, Tampere University, and Physics
Subjects: 114 Physical sciences, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials
Abstract: We introduce the Optical Materials Express feature issue that celebrates historic and recent advances in optical glass. In honor of the United Nations declaring 2022 to be the International Year of Glass (IYOG), this issue comprises a collection of twenty-seven manuscripts that highlight processing, characterization/metrology and applications where glass has changed our world.
Published: 2022

19. SARS-CoV-2 Alpha, Beta and Delta variants display enhanced Spike-mediated Syncytia Formation

Author: Florence Guivel-Benhassine, Lisa A. Chakrabarti, Mathieu Hubert, Julian Buchrieser, Nell Saunders, Maaran Michael Rajah, Ludivine Grzelak, Françoise Porrot, Hugo Mouquet, Cyril Planchais, Marija Zivaljic, Alice Bongers, Stacy Gellenoncourt, Rémy Robinot, Jérémy Dufloo, Elodie Bishop, Olivier Schwartz, and Delphine Planas
Subjects: Syncytium, Mutation, biology, Chemistry, medicine.drug_class, Alpha (ethology), medicine.disease_cause, Monoclonal antibody, Transmembrane protein, Cell biology, Interferon, medicine, biology.protein, Antibody, Beta (finance), medicine.drug
Abstract: Severe COVID-19 is characterized by lung abnormalities, including the presence of syncytial pneumocytes. Syncytia form when SARS-CoV-2 spike protein expressed on the surface of infected cells interacts with the ACE2 receptor on neighbouring cells. The syncytia forming potential of spike variant proteins remain poorly characterized. Here, we first assessed Alpha and Beta spread and fusion in cell cultures. Alpha and Beta replicated similarly to D614G reference strain in Vero, Caco-2, Calu-3 and primary airway cells. However, Alpha and Beta formed larger and more numerous syncytia. Alpha, Beta and D614G fusion was similarly inhibited by interferon induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs). Individual mutations present in Alpha and Beta spikes differentially modified fusogenicity, binding to ACE2 and recognition by monoclonal antibodies. We further show that Delta spike also triggers faster fusion relative to D614G. Thus, SARS-CoV-2 emerging variants display enhanced syncytia formation.SynopsisThe Spike protein of the novel SARS-CoV-2 variants are comparative more fusogenic than the earlier strains. The mutations in the variant spike protein differential modulate syncytia formation, ACE2 binding, and antibody escape.The spike protein of Alpha, Beta and Delta, in the absence of other viral proteins, induce more syncytia than D614GThe ACE2 affinity of the variant spike proteins correlates to their fusogenicityVariant associated mutations P681H, D1118H, and D215G augment cell-cell fusion, while antibody escape mutation E484K, K417N and Δ242-244 hamper it.Variant spike-mediated syncytia formation is effectively restricted by IFITMs
Published: 2021

20. SARS-CoV-2 infection damages airway motile cilia and impairs mucociliary clearance

Author: Sylvain Levallois, Guillaume Duménil, Stéphane Rigaud, Françoise Lazarini, Olivier Gorgette, Lisa A. Chakrabarti, Rémy Robinot, Guilherme D. Melo, Julien Fernandes, Céline Trébeau, Pierre-Marie Lledo, Hervé Bourhy, Raphaël Etournay, Olivier Schwartz, Stacy Gellenoncourt, Samy Gobaa, Timothée Bruel, Florence Larrous, Mathieu Hubert, Marc Lecuit, Nikaïa Smith, Catherine Thouvenot, Darragh Duffy, Adeline Mallet, Vincent Michel, Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity (CNRS-UMR3569), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lyssavirus, épidémiologie et neuropathologie - Lyssavirus Epidemiology and Neuropathology, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Perception et Mémoire / Perception and Memory, Immunologie Translationnelle - Translational Immunology lab, Biologie des Infections - Biology of Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), BioImagerie Photonique – Photonic BioImaging (UTechS PBI), Hub d'analyse d'images - Image Analysis Hub (Platform) (IAH), Plateforme BioImagerie Ultrastructurale – Ultrastructural BioImaging Platform (UTechS UBI), Institut de l'Audition [Paris] (IDA), Plateforme technologique Biomatériaux et Microfluidique - Biomaterials and Microfluidics technologic Platform, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Vaccine Research Institute [Créteil, France] (VRI), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), This work was supported by : Institut Pasteur TASK FORCE SARS COV2 (Tropicoro project), DIM ELICIT Region Ile-de-France, and ANRS (L.A.C.), the Vaccine Research Institute (ANR-10-LABX-77), ANRS, Labex IBEID (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), 'TIMTAMDEN' ANR-14-CE14-0029, 'CHIKV-Viro-Immuno' ANR-14-CE14- 0015-01, the Gilead HIV cure program, ANR/FRM Flash Covid PROTEO-SARS-CoV-2 and IDISCOVR (O.S.), Institut Pasteur TASK FORCE SARS COV2 and ANR Flash Covid CoVarImm (D.D.), Institut Pasteur TASK FORCE SARS COV2 (Neuro-Covid project) (H.B.). The Lledo’s lab is supported by the life insurance company 'AG2R-La-Mondiale'. The UtechS Photonic BioImaging (Imagopole) and the UtechS Ultrastructural BioImaging (UBI) are supported by the French National Research Agency (France BioImaging, ANR-10–INSB–04, Investments for the Future). R.R. is the recipient of a Sidaction fellowship, N.S. of a Pasteur-Roux Cantarini fellowship, and St.G. of a MESR/Ecole Doctorale B3MI, Paris 7 University fellowship. S.L. is supported by FRM (fellowship ECO201906009119) and by 'Ecole Doctorale FIRE – Programme Bettencourt'., ANR-10-LABX-0077,VRI,Initiative for the creation of a Vaccine Research Institute(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-14-CE14-0029,TIMTAMDEN,Rôle des récepteurs TIM et TAM dans l'infection des cellules cibles par le virus de la dengue(2014), ANR-14-CE14-0015,CHIKV-Viro-Immuno,Multiplication et Relation avec l'hôte du virus Chikungunya(2014), ANR-20-COVI-0059,PROTEO-SARS-CoV-2,Protéomique du SARS-CoV-2(2020), ANR-20-COVI-0053,CoVarImm,Variation de la réponse immune systémique et muqueuse pendant l'infection par le SRAS-CoV-2 et la convalescence(2020), Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]
Subjects: Axoneme, 0303 health sciences, Tight junction, Mucociliary clearance, Cilium, Biology, respiratory system, 3. Good health, Cell biology, respiratory tract diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Parenchyma, Motile cilium, medicine, Basal body, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, 030304 developmental biology, Respiratory tract
Abstract: Understanding how SARS-CoV-2 spreads within the respiratory tract is important to define the parameters controlling the severity of COVID-19. We examined the functional and structural consequences of SARS-CoV-2 infection in a reconstituted human bronchial epithelium model. SARS-CoV-2 replication caused a transient decrease in epithelial barrier function and disruption of tight junctions, though viral particle crossing remained limited. Rather, SARS-CoV-2 replication led to a rapid loss of the ciliary layer, characterized at the ultrastructural level by axoneme loss and misorientation of remaining basal bodies. The motile cilia function was compromised, as measured in a mucociliary clearance assay. Epithelial defense mechanisms, including basal cell mobilization and interferon-lambda induction, ramped up only after the initiation of cilia damage. Analysis of SARS-CoV-2 infection in Syrian hamsters further demonstrated the loss of motile ciliain vivo. This study identifies cilia damage as a pathogenic mechanism that could facilitate SARS-CoV-2 spread to the deeper lung parenchyma.
Published: 2021

21. CHALLENGES AND PROGRESS IN UNDERSTANDING GLASS MELTING

Author: Irene Peterson and Mathieu Hubert
Subjects: Materials science, Mass flow, Metallurgy, Glass melting
Published: 2019

22. Environmental Aspects of Fiberglass Melting

Author: Mathieu Hubert
Subjects: Pollution, Waste management, Glass industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Global warming, chemistry.chemical_element, Melting tank, Particulates, Raw material, chemistry, Environmental science, Waste recycling, Boron, media_common
Abstract: Fiberglass production is an energy-intensive process, involving high temperatures and the use of several potentially volatile compounds, such as borates or alkali raw materials, or organic compounds for binding or coatings. Fiberglass melting is thus prone to the production of emissions of these volatiles. With increased concerns about the impact of humankind on the environment (global warming, acid rains, etc.), more and more drastic regulations on emissions are implemented, and the fiberglass industry (in the same manner as all the other industries) has a strong focus on reducing their levels of emissions. The emissions generated at fiberglass plants are highly dependent on the type of glass produced, its exact composition, the type of melting tank employed, and its operating process, as well as the type of pollution abatement system implemented. In this chapter, the different types of emissions, both gaseous and particulates, that can be generated from the fiberglass production process are detailed. The different measures developed by the glass industry to reduce, on the one hand, and to capture, on the second hand, the emissions generated are also described. Finally, the environmental impacts of the fiberglass production, in terms of recycling and environmental benefits they generate, are briefly discussed.
Published: 2021

23. Glass: Annealing and Tempering

Author: Mathieu Hubert and Peter J. Lezzi
Published: 2021

24. Syncytia formation by SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected cells

Author: Julian Buchrieser, Olivier Schwartz, Sylvie van der Werf, Cyril Planchais, Mathieu Hubert, Jérémy Dufloo, Maaran Michael Rajah, Blandine Monel, Nicoletta Casartelli, Delphine Planas, Hugo Mouquet, Florence Guivel-Benhassine, Timothée Bruel, Françoise Porrot, Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École Doctorale Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité [Paris] (ED BioSPC), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université de Paris (UP), Vaccine Research Institute (VRI), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Immunologie humorale - Humoral Immunology, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR), Institut Pasteur [Paris], OS laboratory is funded by Institut Pasteur, ANRS, the Vaccine Research Institute (ANR-10-LABX-77), Labex IBEID (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), 'TIMTAMDEN' ANR-14-CE14-0029, 'CHIKV-Viro-Immuno' ANR-14-CE14-0015-01 and the Gilead HIV cure program, ANR/FRM Flash Covid PROTEO-SARS-CoV-2 and IDISCOVR. Work in UPBI is funded by grant ANR-10-INSB-04-01 and Région Ile-de-France program DIM1-Health. HM laboratory is funded by the Institut Pasteur, the Milieu Intérieur Program (ANR-10-LABX-69-01), the INSERM, REACTing, and EU (RECOVER) grants. SVDW laboratory is funded by Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Université de Paris, Santé publique France, Labex IBEID (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), REACTing, and EU (RECOVER) grant. M.M.R is supported by the Pasteur-Paris University (PPU) International Doctoral Program., ANR-10-LABX-0077,VRI,Initiative for the creation of a Vaccine Research Institute(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-14-CE14-0029,TIMTAMDEN,Rôle des récepteurs TIM et TAM dans l'infection des cellules cibles par le virus de la dengue(2014), ANR-14-CE14-0015,CHIKV-Viro-Immuno,Multiplication et Relation avec l'hôte du virus Chikungunya(2014), ANR-10-INBS-0004,France-BioImaging,Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0069,MILIEU INTERIEUR,GENETIC & ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF IMMUNE PHENOTYPE VARIANCE: ESTABLISHING A PATH TOWARDS PERSONALIZED MEDICINE(2010), École Doctorale Bio Sorbonne Paris Cité [Paris] (ED562 - BioSPC), Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), CASARTELLI, NICOLETTA, Laboratoires d'excellence - Initiative for the creation of a Vaccine Research Institute - - VRI2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0077 - LABX - VALID, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, Appel à projets générique - Rôle des récepteurs TIM et TAM dans l'infection des cellules cibles par le virus de la dengue - - TIMTAMDEN2014 - ANR-14-CE14-0029 - Appel à projets générique - VALID, Appel à projets générique - Multiplication et Relation avec l'hôte du virus Chikungunya - - CHIKV-Viro-Immuno2014 - ANR-14-CE14-0015 - Appel à projets générique - VALID, Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée - - France-BioImaging2010 - ANR-10-INBS-0004 - INBS - VALID, Laboratoires d'excellence - GENETIC & ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL OF IMMUNE PHENOTYPE VARIANCE: ESTABLISHING A PATH TOWARDS PERSONALIZED MEDICINE - - MILIEU INTERIEUR2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0069 - LABX - VALID, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity (CNRS-UMR3569), Vaccine Research Institute [Créteil, France] (VRI), and Centre National de Référence des virus des infections respiratoires (dont la grippe) - National Reference Center Virus Influenzae [Paris] (CNR - laboratoire coordonnateur)
Subjects: fusion, viruses, MESH: Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, MESH: Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, Giant Cells, SARS‐CoV‐2, Cell Fusion, MESH: Giant Cells, 0302 clinical medicine, Interferon, MESH: Chlorocebus aethiops, Chlorocebus aethiops, MESH: COVID-19, MESH: Animals, MESH: Serine Endopeptidases, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Syncytium, 0303 health sciences, Cell fusion, General Neuroscience, Serine Endopeptidases, RNA-Binding Proteins, Articles, interferon, Transmembrane protein, Cell biology, 3. Good health, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, MESH: HEK293 Cells, MESH: Antigens, Differentiation, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, ComputingMethodologies_DOCUMENTANDTEXTPROCESSING, Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme 2, MESH: Membrane Proteins, Corrigendum, medicine.drug, Immunology, ComputingMethodologies_IMAGEPROCESSINGANDCOMPUTERVISION, MESH: Vero Cells, Biology, Article, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Animals, Humans, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, syncytia, Vero Cells, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, General Immunology and Microbiology, SARS-CoV-2, HEK 293 cells, MESH: Host-Pathogen Interactions, COVID-19, Membrane Proteins, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Antigens, Differentiation, MESH: Cell Line, HEK293 Cells, MESH: RNA-Binding Proteins, Membrane protein, Cell culture, MESH: Cell Fusion, Vero cell, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract: Severe cases of COVID‐19 are associated with extensive lung damage and the presence of infected multinucleated syncytial pneumocytes. The viral and cellular mechanisms regulating the formation of these syncytia are not well understood. Here, we show that SARS‐CoV‐2‐infected cells express the Spike protein (S) at their surface and fuse with ACE2‐positive neighboring cells. Expression of S without any other viral proteins triggers syncytia formation. Interferon‐induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs), a family of restriction factors that block the entry of many viruses, inhibit S‐mediated fusion, with IFITM1 being more active than IFITM2 and IFITM3. On the contrary, the TMPRSS2 serine protease, which is known to enhance infectivity of cell‐free virions, processes both S and ACE2 and increases syncytia formation by accelerating the fusion process. TMPRSS2 thwarts the antiviral effect of IFITMs. Our results show that SARS‐CoV‐2 pathological effects are modulated by cellular proteins that either inhibit or facilitate syncytia formation., Cells infected with SARS‐CoV‐2 can fuse with neighbouring cells in a process accelerated by infectivity‐enhancing host factor TMPRSS2 and restricted by antiviral IFITM proteins.
Published: 2020

25. Syncytia formation by SARS-CoV-2 infected cells

Author: Maaran Michael Rajah, Françoise Porrot, Mathieu Hubert, Hugo Mouquet, Jérémy Dufloo, Florence Guivel-Benhassine, Cyril Planchais, Olivier Schwartz, Julian Buchrieser, Sylvie van der Werf, Timothée Bruel, Nicoletta Casartelli, Delphine Planas, and Blandine Monel
Subjects: Serine protease, Infectivity, Syncytium, biology, viruses, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), TMPRSS2, Transmembrane protein, Cell biology, Multinucleate, Interferon, biology.protein, medicine, medicine.drug
Abstract: Severe cases of COVID-19 are associated with extensive lung damage and the presence of infected multinucleated syncytial pneumocytes. The viral and cellular mechanisms regulating the formation of these syncytia are not well understood. Here, we show that SARS-CoV-2 infected cells express the viral Spike protein (S) at their surface and fuse with ACE2-positive neighbouring cells. Expression of S without any other viral proteins triggers syncytia formation. Type-I interferon (IFN)-induced transmembrane proteins (IFITMs), a family of restriction factors that block the entry of many viruses, inhibit S-mediated fusion, with IFITM1 being more active than IFITM2 and IFITM3. On the contrary, the TMPRSS2 serine protease, which is known to enhance infectivity of cell-free virions, processes both S and ACE2 and increases syncytia formation by accelerating the fusion process. TMPRSS2 thwarts the antiviral effect of IFITMs. Our results show that the pathological effects of SARS-CoV-2 are modulated by cellular proteins that either inhibit or facilitate syncytia formation.One Sentence SummarySyncytia produced by SARS-CoV-2 infected cells and regulation of their formation by IFITMs and TMPRSS2.
Published: 2020

26. A SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map reveals targets for drug repurposing

Author: Pedro Beltrao, Phillip P. Sharp, Nevan J. Krogan, Sabrina J. Fletcher, Saker Klippsten, Trey Ideker, Melanie Ott, Bryan L. Roth, Xi Liu, Devin A. Cavero, Djoshkun Shengjuler, Christopher J.P. Mathy, Jason C.J. Chang, Theodore L. Roth, Hannes Braberg, Claudia Hernandez-Armenta, Lisa Miorin, Jyoti Batra, Shizhong Dai, Maliheh Safari, Brian K. Shoichet, Danish Memon, Tia A. Tummino, Marco Vignuzzi, Mark von Zastrow, Manon Eckhardt, Alan D. Frankel, Qiongyu Li, Tanja Kortemme, Nicole A. Wenzell, Zun Zar Chi Naing, Ferdinand Roesch, Nastaran Sadat Savar, Mathieu Hubert, Xi Ping Huang, Elena Moreno, Danica Galonić Fujimori, Jeffrey Z. Guo, Natalia Jura, Kirsten Obernier, Kliment A. Verba, Harmit S. Malik, Hao-Yuan Wang, Michael McGregor, Melanie J. Bennett, Julia Noack, Gwendolyn M. Jang, Paige Haas, Alice Mac Kain, Daniel J. Saltzberg, Mehdi Bouhaddou, Ziyang Zhang, Yongfeng Liu, Inigo Barrio-Hernandez, Yiming Cai, Kris M. White, Kelsey M. Haas, Maya Modak, Stephanie A. Wankowicz, Raphael Trenker, Kevan M. Shokat, Fatima S. Ugur, Shiming Peng, Sai J. Ganesan, Shaeri Mukherjee, Yuan Zhou, Minkyu Kim, John D. Gross, Jack Taunton, Alicia L. Richards, John S. Chorba, Margaret Soucheray, Danielle L. Swaney, Benjamin J. Polacco, Alan Ashworth, Wenqi Shen, Adolfo García-Sastre, Merve Cakir, Ujjwal Rathore, Kala Bharath Pilla, Michael C. O’Neal, Ying Shi, Kevin Lou, Cassandra Koh, Stephen N. Floor, Davide Ruggero, Ilsa T Kirby, Srivats Venkataramanan, Ruth Hüttenhain, Olivier Schwartz, Beril Tutuncuoglu, Christophe d'Enfert, Jose Liboy-Lugo, David A. Agard, Charles S. Craik, Veronica V. Rezelj, Tina Perica, Matthew P. Jacobson, Lorenzo Calviello, Eric Verdin, Yizhu Lin, Jiankun Lyu, Jiewei Xu, Joseph Hiatt, Andrej Sali, Oren S. Rosenberg, Markus Bohn, David E. Gordon, James S. Fraser, Sara Brin Rosenthal, Duygu Kuzuoğlu-Öztürk, Robyn M. Kaake, Jacqueline M. Fabius, Matthew J. O’Meara, Quang Dinh Tran, Advait Subramanian, Thomas Vallet, Bjoern Meyer, James E. Melnyk, Robert M. Stroud, Helene Foussard, Rakesh Ramachandran, David J. Broadhurst, Janet M. Young, and Michael Emerman
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, viruses, Drug Evaluation, Preclinical, Plasma protein binding, Proteomics, medicine.disease_cause, Mass Spectrometry, 0302 clinical medicine, Chlorocebus aethiops, Protein Interaction Mapping, Molecular Targeted Therapy, Protein Interaction Maps, Cloning, Molecular, Letter to the Editor, Coronavirus, Multidisciplinary, 3. Good health, Drug repositioning, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Coronavirus Infections, Protein Binding, Pneumonia, Viral, Biology, Antiviral Agents, Virus, Betacoronavirus, Viral Proteins, 03 medical and health sciences, Immune system, Protein Domains, medicine, Animals, Humans, Receptors, sigma, Pandemics, Vero Cells, SKP Cullin F-Box Protein Ligases, Innate immune system, SARS-CoV-2, fungi, HEK 293 cells, Drug Repositioning, COVID-19, Virology, Immunity, Innate, COVID-19 Drug Treatment, HEK293 Cells, 030104 developmental biology, Protein Biosynthesis
Abstract: A newly described coronavirus named severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which is the causative agent of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), has infected over 2.3 million people, led to the death of more than 160,000 individuals and caused worldwide social and economic disruption1,2. There are no antiviral drugs with proven clinical efficacy for the treatment of COVID-19, nor are there any vaccines that prevent infection with SARS-CoV-2, and efforts to develop drugs and vaccines are hampered by the limited knowledge of the molecular details of how SARS-CoV-2 infects cells. Here we cloned, tagged and expressed 26 of the 29 SARS-CoV-2 proteins in human cells and identified the human proteins that physically associated with each of the SARS-CoV-2 proteins using affinity-purification mass spectrometry, identifying 332 high-confidence protein–protein interactions between SARS-CoV-2 and human proteins. Among these, we identify 66 druggable human proteins or host factors targeted by 69 compounds (of which, 29 drugs are approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, 12 are in clinical trials and 28 are preclinical compounds). We screened a subset of these in multiple viral assays and found two sets of pharmacological agents that displayed antiviral activity: inhibitors of mRNA translation and predicted regulators of the sigma-1 and sigma-2 receptors. Further studies of these host-factor-targeting agents, including their combination with drugs that directly target viral enzymes, could lead to a therapeutic regimen to treat COVID-19. A human–SARS-CoV-2 protein interaction map highlights cellular processes that are hijacked by the virus and that can be targeted by existing drugs, including inhibitors of mRNA translation and predicted regulators of the sigma receptors.
Published: 2020
Full Text: View/download PDF

27. A SARS-CoV-2-Human Protein-Protein Interaction Map Reveals Drug Targets and Potential Drug-Repurposing

Author: David E. Gordon, Gwendolyn M. Jang, Qiongyu Li, Natalia Jura, Sara Brin Rosenthal, Trey Ideker, Paige Haas, Melanie J. Bennett, Ilsa T Kirby, Adolfo García-Sastre, Michael Emerman, Thomas Vallet, Tina Perica, Lorenzo Calviello, Kirsten Obernier, Kliment A. Verba, Tanja Kortemme, Michael McGregor, Alan Ashworth, Ujjwal Rathore, Ziyang Zhang, Kelsey M. Haas, Rakesh Ramachandran, Mark von Zastrow, Jacqueline M. Fabius, Theodore L. Roth, Daniel J. Saltzberg, Matthew P. Jacobson, Kevin Lou, Ferdinand Roesch, Yizhu Lin, John S. Chorba, Beril Tutuncuoglu, Claudia Hernandez-Armenta, Harmit S. Malik, Janet M. Young, Manon Eckhardt, Srivats Venkataramanan, Jose Liboy-Lugo, Phillip P. Sharp, Jeffrey Z. Guo, Maya Modak, Shaeri Mukherjee, Markus Bohn, Brian K. Shoichet, Olivier Schwartz, Jiewei Xu, James S. Fraser, Andrej Sali, Oren S. Rosenberg, Christopher J.P. Mathy, Charles S. Craik, Benjamin J. Polacco, Melanie Ott, Sai J. Ganesan, Pedro Beltrao, Alicia L. Richards, Helene Foussard, Margaret Soucheray, Joseph Hiatt, Robyn M. Kaake, Danielle L. Swaney, Wenqi Shen, Bjoern Meyer, Kala Bharath Pilla, Zun Zar Chi Naing, Marco Vignuzzi, James E. Melnyk, John D. Gross, Shiming Peng, Mehdi Bouhaddou, Nevan J. Krogan, Merve Cakir, Mathieu Hubert, Stephanie A. Wankowicz, Ying Shi, Davide Ruggero, Kevan M. Shokat, Stephen N. Floor, Jack Taunton, Xi Liu, Ruth Hüttenhain, David A. Agard, Lisa Miorin, Danish Memon, Julia Noack, Raphael Trenker, Hannes Braberg, Shizhong Dai, Tia A. Tummino, Kris M. White, Yuan Zhou, Minkyu Kim, Devin A. Cavero, Jyoti Batra, Advait Subramanian, Danica Galonić Fujimori, and Inigo Barrio-Hernandez
Subjects: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), media_common.quotation_subject, viruses, Host factors, Article, Vaccine Related, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Rare Diseases, Biodefense, 2.2 Factors relating to the physical environment, Aetiology, Human proteins, Lung, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, 0303 health sciences, Prevention, Art, Pneumonia, 3. Good health, Good Health and Well Being, Infectious Diseases, Emerging Infectious Diseases, 5.1 Pharmaceuticals, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Protein Interaction Networks, Molecular targets, Pneumonia & Influenza, Development of treatments and therapeutic interventions, Infection, Humanities
Abstract: Author(s): Gordon, David E; Jang, Gwendolyn M; Bouhaddou, Mehdi; Xu, Jiewei; Obernier, Kirsten; O'Meara, Matthew J; Guo, Jeffrey Z; Swaney, Danielle L; Tummino, Tia A; Huttenhain, Ruth; Kaake, Robyn M; Richards, Alicia L; Tutuncuoglu, Beril; Foussard, Helene; Batra, Jyoti; Haas, Kelsey; Modak, Maya; Kim, Minkyu; Haas, Paige; Polacco, Benjamin J; Braberg, Hannes; Fabius, Jacqueline M; Eckhardt, Manon; Soucheray, Margaret; Bennett, Melanie J; Cakir, Merve; McGregor, Michael J; Li, Qiongyu; Naing, Zun Zar Chi; Zhou, Yuan; Peng, Shiming; Kirby, Ilsa T; Melnyk, James E; Chorba, John S; Lou, Kevin; Dai, Shizhong A; Shen, Wenqi; Shi, Ying; Zhang, Ziyang; Barrio-Hernandez, Inigo; Memon, Danish; Hernandez-Armenta, Claudia; Mathy, Christopher JP; Perica, Tina; Pilla, Kala B; Ganesan, Sai J; Saltzberg, Daniel J; Ramachandran, Rakesh; Liu, Xi; Rosenthal, Sara B; Calviello, Lorenzo; Venkataramanan, Srivats; Lin, Yizhu; Wankowicz, Stephanie A; Bohn, Markus; Trenker, Raphael; Young, Janet M; Cavero, Devin; Hiatt, Joe; Roth, Theo; Rathore, Ujjwal; Subramanian, Advait; Noack, Julia; Hubert, Mathieu; Roesch, Ferdinand; Vallet, Thomas; Meyer, Bjorn; White, Kris M; Miorin, Lisa; Agard, David; Emerman, Michael; Ruggero, Davide; Garcia-Sastre, Adolfo; Jura, Natalia; von Zastrow, Mark; Taunton, Jack; Schwartz, Olivier; Vignuzzi, Marco; d'Enfert, Christophe; Mukherjee, Shaeri; Jacobson, Matt; Malik, Harmit S; Fujimori, Danica G; Ideker, Trey; Craik, Charles S | Abstract: An outbreak of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2, the causative agent of COVID-19 respiratory disease, has infected over 290,000 people since the end of 2019, killed over 12,000, and caused worldwide social and economic disruption1,2. There are currently no antiviral drugs with proven efficacy nor are there vaccines for its prevention. Unfortunately, the scientific community has little knowledge of the molecular details of SARS-CoV-2 infection. To illuminate this, we cloned, tagged and expressed 26 of the 29 viral proteins in human cells and identified the human proteins physically associated with each using affinity- purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS), which identified 332 high confidence SARS-CoV-2-human protein-protein interactions (PPIs). Among these, we identify 66 druggable human proteins or host factors targeted by 69 existing FDA-approved drugs, drugs in clinical trials and/or preclinical compounds, that we are currently evaluating for efficacy in live SARS-CoV-2 infection assays. The identification of host dependency factors mediating virus infection may provide key insights into effective molecular targets for developing broadly acting antiviral therapeutics against SARS-CoV-2 and other deadly coronavirus strains.
Published: 2020

28. STING orchestrates the crosstalk between polyunsaturated fatty acid metabolism and inflammatory responses

Author: Isabelle K. Vila, Hanane Chamma, Alizée Steer, Mathilde Saccas, Clara Taffoni, Evgenia Turtoi, Line S. Reinert, Saqib Hussain, Johanna Marines, Lei Jin, Xavier Bonnefont, Mathieu Hubert, Olivier Schwartz, Soren R. Paludan, Gaetan Van Simaeys, Gilles Doumont, Bijan Sobhian, Dimitrios Vlachakis, Andrei Turtoi, Nadine Laguette, Institut de génétique humaine (IGH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM - U1194 Inserm - UM), CRLCC Val d'Aurelle - Paul Lamarque-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), BioCampus (BCM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Albany Medical College, Institut de Génomique Fonctionnelle (IGF), Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity (CNRS-UMR3569), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Aarhus University Hospital, Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (IBMM - CMMI), Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Agricultural University of Athens, Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens (BRFAA), National and Kapodistrian University of Athens (NKUA), We acknowledge the SIRIC Montpellier Cancer grant (INCa_Inserm_DGOS_12553), Metamus-RAM and iExplore-RAM animal facilities, the Laboratoire de Mesures Physiques of the University of Montpellier for access to the MS instruments, the MRI imaging facility, member of the national infrastructure France-BioImaging infrastructure supported by the French National Research Agency (ANR-10-INBS-04, 'Investments for the future'), and Ross Tomaino from the Taplin Mass Spectrometry Facility of Harvard Medical School for MS analysis. We thank T. Emilien, A. Sedda, C. de Maeseneire, N. Passon, and C. Van Heymbeek for their contribution. We thank the Cyclotron team from the Erasme Hospital, Brussels, Belgium, for the FDG provision. Work in N.L.’s laboratory is supported by the European Research Council (ERC-Stg CrIC: 637763, ERC-PoC DIM-CrIC: 893772), la Ligue pour la Recherche contre le Cancer, and the Agence Nationale de Recherche sur le Sida et les Hépatites Virales (ANRS: ECTZ117448). H.C. is supported by a PhD fellowship from la Ligue pour la Recherche contre le Cancer. C.T. is supported by the Merck Sharp and Dohme Avenir (MSD-Avenir – GnoSTic) program and an ANRS fellowship (ECTZ119088). J.M. is supported by a Conventions Industrielles de Formation par la Recherche (CIFRE) fellowship from the Agence Nationale de Recherche Technologie (ANRT). A.S. is supported by the ERC-PoC DIM-CrIC (893772). I.K.V. is supported by the ERC-Stg CrIC (637763) and the Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (ARF20170938586). Work in S.R.P.’s laboratory is supported by the European Research Council (ERC-AdG ENVISION, 786602), the Novo Nordisk Foundation (NNF18OC0030274), and the Lundbeck Foundation (R198-2015-171 and R268-2016-3927). Work in A.T.’s laboratory is supported by a SIRIC Montpellier Cancer grant (INCa_Inserm_DGOS_12553), the Fondation de France (grant no. 00078461), and a LabEx MabImprove Starting Grant. X.B. is supported by ANR GH-gen (ANR-18-CE14-0017). The Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI) is supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), the Walloon Region, the Fondation ULB, the Fonds Erasme, and Association Vinçotte Nuclear (AVN). G.D. is supported by the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) and the Walloon Region. Work in O.S.’s lab is funded by Institut Pasteur, Urgence COVID-19 Fundraising Campaign of Institut Pasteur, ANRS, the Vaccine Research Institute (ANR-10-LABX-77), Labex IBEID (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), ANR/FRM Flash Covid PROTEO-SARS-CoV-2, and IDISCOVR, Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale. Schematic representations were created with https://biorender.com, We thank M. Benkirane, G. Cavalli, J. Déjardin, and B. de Massy for discussions and comments. We thank C. Goujon and B. Bonaventure for CRISPR/Cas9 gRNA sequences., ANR-10-INBS-0004,France-BioImaging,Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0053,MAbImprove,Optimization of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies development Better antibodies, better developed AND better used(2010), ANR-18-CE14-0017,GH-Gen,Origine et fonction du generateur hypophysaire de pulses d'hormone de croissance(2018), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-10-LABX-0077,VRI,Initiative for the creation of a Vaccine Research Institute(2010), ANR-20-COVI-0062,proteoCOVID,Protéomique clinique de la protéine SARS-CoV-2 Spike pour optimiser sa détection et le développement de tests sérologiques(2020), European Project: 637763,H2020,ERC-2014-STG,CrIC(2015), European Project: 893772,DIM-CrIC, European Project: 786602,ENVISION, Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity, Guerineau, Nathalie C., Développment d'une infrastructure française distribuée coordonnée - - France-BioImaging2010 - ANR-10-INBS-0004 - INBS - VALID, Laboratoires d'excellence - Optimization of therapeutic monoclonal antibodies development Better antibodies, better developed AND better used - - MAbImprove2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0053 - LABX - VALID, APPEL À PROJETS GÉNÉRIQUE 2018 - Origine et fonction du generateur hypophysaire de pulses d'hormone de croissance - - GH-Gen2018 - ANR-18-CE14-0017 - AAPG2018 - VALID, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, Laboratoires d'excellence - Initiative for the creation of a Vaccine Research Institute - - VRI2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0077 - LABX - VALID, Protéomique clinique de la protéine SARS-CoV-2 Spike pour optimiser sa détection et le développement de tests sérologiques - - proteoCOVID2020 - ANR-20-COVI-0062 - COVID-19 - VALID, Molecular basis of the cross-talk between chronic inflammation and cancer - CrIC - - H20202015-04-01 - 2020-03-31 - 637763 - VALID, Decreasing Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma-related Inflammation using small molecule inhibitors of STING - DIM-CrIC - 893772 - INCOMING, Novel mechanisms of early defense against virus infections - ENVISION - 786602 - INCOMING, Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), BioCampus Montpellier (BCM), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AZELEAD, 377 Rue du Professeur Blayac, 34080 Montpellier, France, Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Fatty Acid Desaturases, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], nucleic acid immunity, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, cytosolic DNA, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, delta-6 Desaturase, Humans, FADS2, [SDV.BC] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Inflammation, Metabolic Syndrome, interferon responses, 0303 health sciences, Cell Biology, Lipid Metabolism, eye diseases, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Fatty Acids, Unsaturated/metabolism, inflammation, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Fatty Acids, Unsaturated, metabolism, Fatty Acid Desaturases/genetics, STING, cGAS, polyunsaturated fatty acids
Abstract: Summary Concerted alteration of immune and metabolic homeostasis underlies several inflammation-related pathologies, ranging from metabolic syndrome to infectious diseases. Here, we explored the coordination of nucleic acid-dependent inflammatory responses and metabolic homeostasis. We reveal that the STING (stimulator of interferon genes) protein regulates metabolic homeostasis through inhibition of the fatty acid desaturase 2 (FADS2) rate-limiting enzyme in polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) desaturation. STING ablation and agonist-mediated degradation increased FADS2-associated desaturase activity and led to accumulation of PUFA derivatives that drive thermogenesis. STING agonists directly activated FADS2-dependent desaturation, promoting metabolic alterations. PUFAs in turn inhibited STING, thereby regulating antiviral responses and contributing to resolving STING-associated inflammation. Thus, we have unveiled a negative regulatory feedback loop between STING and FADS2 that fine-tunes inflammatory responses. Our results highlight the role of metabolic alterations in human pathologies associated with aberrant STING activation and STING-targeting therapies., Graphical abstract, Highlights • STING inhibits FADS2-dependent desaturation of PUFAs and LC-PUFAs • STING activation leads to upregulation of FADS2-associated desaturase activity • STING agonists activate FADS2-dependent PUFA and LC-PUFA desaturation • PUFAs inhibit STING-dependent inflammatory responses, The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) is a central regulator of nucleic acid-associated inflammatory responses. Here, Vila et al. discover that STING regulates polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) metabolism, and in turn, PUFAs inhibit STING-dependent inflammation. This cross-regulation is central to the maintenance of metabolic homeostasis.
Published: 2022

29. Productive Infection of Mouse Mammary Glands and Human Mammary Epithelial Cells by Zika Virus

Author: Vincent Legros, Patricia Jeannin, Antoine Gessain, Mathieu Hubert, Pierre-Emmanuel Ceccaldi, Thomas Montange, Aurélie Chiche, Aurore Vidy, Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes / Oncogenic Virus Epidemiology and Pathophysiology (EPVO (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_3)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Plasticité cellulaire et Modélisation des Maladies / Cellular Plasticity and Disease Modelling, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre International de Recherche en Infectiologie (CIRI), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This research received no external funding. M.H. was the recipient of a PhD fellowship from the French ministry of education and research, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, lcsh:QR1-502, primary cells, Biology, Breast milk, Virus Replication, myoepithelial cells, Virus, lcsh:Microbiology, Article, dissemination, Zika virus, Cell Line, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, luminal cells, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Virology, Animals, Humans, mammary glands, Mammary Glands, Human, Fetus, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Milk, Human, Transmission (medicine), tropism, Myoepithelial cell, Epithelial Cells, Viral Load, biology.organism_classification, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, 3. Good health, Viral Tropism, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Mammary Epithelium, RNA, Viral, Female, Viral load
Abstract: International audience; Zika virus (ZIKV) belongs to the large category of arboviruses. Surprisingly, several human-to-human transmissions of ZIKV have been notified, either following sexual intercourse or from the mother to fetus during pregnancy. Importantly, high viral loads have been detected in the human breast milk of infected mothers, and the existence of breastfeeding as a new mode of mother-to-child transmission of ZIKV was recently hypothesized. However, the maternal origin of infectious particles in breast milk is currently unknown. Here, we show that ZIKV disseminates to the mammary glands of infected mice after both systemic and local exposure with differential kinetics. Ex vivo, we demonstrate that primary human mammary epithelial cells were sensitive and permissive to ZIKV infection in this study. Moreover, by using in vitro models, we prove that mammary luminal-and myoepithelial-phenotype cell lines are both able to produce important virus progeny after ZIKV exposure. Our data suggest that the dissemination of ZIKV to the mammary glands and subsequent infection of the mammary epithelium could be one mechanism of viral excretion in human breast milk.
Published: 2019

30. Batch Chemistry and Reactions

Author: Oscar S. Verheijen and Mathieu Hubert
Subjects: Glass production, Chemical engineering, business.industry, Chemistry, Scientific method, Kinetics, medicine, Dehydration, Raw material, business, medicine.disease, Dissolution
Abstract: In industrial glass production, a batch composed of a mix of raw materials is introduced in the furnace at high temperatures, to be converted into a glass melt, which will then be shaped into the desired article. The batch-to-melt conversion is a critical process, involving a sequence of reactions (dehydration, solid-state reactions, formation of primary melt phases, dissolution of sand grains), the nature and rate of which depend on both thermodynamics and kinetics. Heat transfers to the batch are of major importance, as the rate of batch-to-melt conversion has a direct impact on the energy required for melting the glass, and therefore on the production costs. After the batch-to-melt conversion, the melt will contain a large amount of bubbles and dissolved gases, and a proper fining is required to obtain a product with good quality.
Published: 2019

31. Industrial Glass Processing and Fabrication

Author: Mathieu Hubert
Subjects: Materials science, Fabrication, Annual production, business.industry, Polishing, Raw material, Process engineering, business, Homogenization (chemistry)
Abstract: Glass is among the most widely produced materials in the world, with a global annual production of over 100 million tons [34.1, 34.2]. Due to its versatility, it can be found in a wide range of applications, from the ubiquitous windows, screens or bottles to more specialized usages such as glass for sealing applications. Most of the industrially produced glasses are prepared using similar steps, via melting of raw materials, homogenization of the melt, conditioning, shaping and cooling. Numerous postprocessing steps such as cutting or polishing can be applied.
Published: 2019

32. Effect of Borate Raw Material Choices on the Batch Reactions of Alkali‐Lean Borosilicate Glasses

Author: Mathieu Hubert, Anne Jans Faber, David Lever, and Simon Cook
Subjects: Boric acid, chemistry.chemical_compound, Melt viscosity, Materials science, chemistry, Borosilicate glass, Metallurgy, Geochemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Raw material, Alkali metal, Boron, Durability
Published: 2016

33. Impact of Redox in Industrial Glass Melting and Importance of Redox Control

Author: F. Akmaz, A. J. Faber, H. Sesigur, E. Alejandro, Mathieu Hubert, S-R. Kahl, and Terutaka Maehara
Subjects: Materials science, Inorganic chemistry, Glass melting, 02 engineering and technology, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0210 nano-technology, 01 natural sciences, Redox, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Published: 2017

34. Nonoxide Tellurium-Based Glasses

Author: Bruno Bureau, Catherine Boussard-Plédel, Mathieu Hubert, and Pierre Lucas
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Fabrication, Materials science, business.industry, chemistry.chemical_element, Chalcogenide glass, Germanium, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Thermoelectric materials, 01 natural sciences, Amorphous solid, Chalcogen, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Telluride, 0103 physical sciences, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, Tellurium
Abstract: Telluride glasses, i.e., nonoxide glasses based on the chalcogen element tellurium, constitute a particular class of materials used in numerous technological applications. While many telluride systems are not intrinsically good glass formers, a wide range of telluride glass compositions have been developed and offer a unique set of optical and electrical properties. Telluride glasses possess a very broad transparency in the infrared, which can range up to more than 20 μm, making them particularly interesting for optical applications in the far-infrared range. Several families of telluride glasses (e.g., ternary and quaternary systems based on tellurium, germanium, and gallium) have been explored and optimized in order to further develop these applications. Indeed, a large number of organic compounds have their specific spectral signature (or “fingerprint”) in the far-infrared, making telluride glasses materials of choice for the fabrication of sensing devices. Tellurides are also found in the fabrication of rewritable optical disks and phase-change memory devices, as some compositions exhibit fast and reversible conversion between crystalline and amorphous (glassy) phases. More recently, telluride glasses have been demonstrated to be promising candidates as thermoelectric materials, due to their semiconducting nature. In this chapter, the fundamentals of the telluride glasses and of their structure are presented. An overview of the different families of telluride glasses, as well as their specific properties, is given. The considerations related to their relatively complex fabrication processes are also described.
Published: 2017

35. Stabilization of divalent chromium Cr(II) in soda–lime–silicate glasses

Author: F. Akmaz, H. Sesigur, A. J. Faber, Terutaka Maehara, S.R. Kahl, Mathieu Hubert, and E. Alejandro
Subjects: chemistry.chemical_classification, Materials science, Inorganic chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Condensed Matter Physics, Redox, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Divalent, Ion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chromium, Soda lime, chemistry, Oxidizing agent, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, Hexavalent chromium, Silicate glass
Abstract: Trivalent chromium is a well-known and widely used coloring ion in the glass industry. When glasses are melted in very oxidizing conditions, hexavalent chromium Cr(VI) can also be stabilized, and is found in specific commercial applications for UV-protection containers. It is known that chromium can also exist in divalent state Cr(II), notably in highly reduced iron-free minerals. However, its occurrence in conventional soda–lime–silicate glasses at room temperature has never been reported. In this paper, we demonstrate for the first time the possibility to stabilize Cr(II) in soda–lime–silicate glasses containing iron. The specific optical properties of divalent chromium are also presented. These results show that the occurrence of divalent chromium has to be considered when melting soda–lime–silicate glasses in very reducing conditions.
Published: 2014

36. New chalcogenide glasses in the GeSe2–Ga2Se3–In2Se3 and GeSe2–Ga2Se3–PbSe domains

Author: Xianghua Zhang, Laurent Calvez, Mathieu Hubert, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Thermal properties, Materials science, Infrared, Chalcogenide, Mineralogy, chemistry.chemical_element, Ternary plot, Mechanical properties, 02 engineering and technology, Molding (process), 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Materials Chemistry, Tie line, 010302 applied physics, Optical properties, Condensed matter physics, Glasses, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, 0210 nano-technology, Glass transition, Indium, Chalcogenides
Abstract: Article history:Received 25 September 2012Received in revised form 13 January 2013Available online xxxxKeywords:Chalcogenides;Glasses;Optical properties;Thermal properties;Mechanical properties Two new chalcogenide glassy domains were explored by substituting Ga for In or Pb in compositions from theGeSe 2 –Ga 2 Se 3 tie line in the Ge–Ga–Se ternary diagram. The thermal, optical and mechanical properties ofthese glasses were determined and the effect of the substitutions on these properties was assessed. It is shownthat addition of lead tends to destabilize the glasses while the addition of indium tends to stabilize them. Bothelementsinducea systematicincrease intheonsetof transmissionvaluesand inthe densities when substitutedtogallium.Theglassessynthesizedrepresentgoodpotentialcandidatesfortheproductionofglass-ceramicswithphotovoltaic or nonlinear properties.Crown Copyright © 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. 1. IntroductionChalcogenide glasses show extended transparency in the infraredrange in the second and third atmospheric transmission windows,located in the 3–5 μmand8–12 μm regions, respectively [1].Duetotheir viscoplastic properties, they can be shaped by molding anddrawn into ﬁbers at a temperature above their glass transition temper-ature [2–4]. For these reasons, these materials are currently used for awide range of applicationsin the infrared range. These include thermalcamerasoptics[2,5],nonlinearoptics[6,7]or ﬁbersforchemicalandbi-ological sensing [3,8]. Notably, glasses from the system Ge–Ga–Se suchasthe80GeSe
Published: 2013

37. Enhanced luminescence in Er3+-doped chalcogenide glass–ceramics based on selenium

Author: Laurent Calvez, Xianghua Zhang, Pierre Lucas, Mathieu Hubert, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Arizona Materials Laboratory (AML), University of Arizona, This work has been supported by the National Science Foundation (NSF Grant# DMR-0844014), the AFOSR DURIP Grant FA9550-10-1-0282, the Partner University Fund and the CNRS International Associated Laboratory for Materials & Optics (LIA-MATEO)., Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Luminescence, Materials science, Chalcogenide glasses, Infrared, Analytical chemistry, Chalcogenide glass, Mineralogy, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Inorganic Chemistry, Crystallinity, law, 0103 physical sciences, Rare-earth, Ceramic, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Glass-ceramics, Spectroscopy, 010302 applied physics, Organic Chemistry, Doping, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Laser, Microstructure, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; Rare earth doped glass-ceramics transparent in the infrared region up to 16 µm have been prepared and studied. The enhancement of the emission of Er3+ ions at 1.54 µm with increasing crystallinity was demonstrated in a selenium-based glass-ceramic having a composition of 80GeSe2-20Ga2Se3+1000 ppm Er. The optical transmission, microstructure and luminescence properties of a base glass and glass-ceramics were investigated. Luminescence intensities up to 7 times greater were obtained in glass-ceramics in comparison to the base glass. These materials are promising candidates for the production of new laser sources in the mid-infrared region.
Published: 2013

38. Investigation of the Mechanisms Involved in the Sintering of Chalcogenide Glasses and the Preparation of Glass-Ceramics by Spark Plasma Sintering

Author: Mathieu Hubert, Gaëlle Delaizir, Xianghua Zhang, Yann Gueguen, Laurent Calvez, C. Godart, Judith Monnier, Axe 3 : organisation structurale multiéchelle des matériaux (SPCTS-AXE3), Science des Procédés Céramiques et de Traitements de Surface (SPCTS), Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Céramique Industrielle (ENSCI)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Céramique Industrielle (ENSCI)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), LAboratoire de Recherche en Mécanique Appliquée (LARMAUR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Céramique Industrielle (ENSCI)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Céramique Industrielle (ENSCI)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Chalcogenide, Sintering, Spark plasma sintering, Chalcogenide glass, Space, 02 engineering and technology, Porous glass, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Ceramic, 010302 applied physics, Metallurgy, Optics, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Amorphous solid, Devitrification, chemistry, Transparent, visual_art, Transition, Ceramics and Composites, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Crystallization, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The sintering of the 80GeSe2-20Ga2Se3 chalcogenide glass composition as well as the preparation of the corresponding glass-ceramics has been investigated using pulsed current electrical sintering also known as spark plasma sintering. Amorphous powder has been synthesized by mechanical alloying. Due to the electrical insulating property of this glass composition, powder is heated mostly through the heating of the graphite die. It was found that densification of glass powder occurs through a viscous flow mechanism prior to devitrification. A model has been successfully applied to determine the viscosity and activation energy of the glass. This model has been confirmed by ball penetration technique to determine the glass sample viscosity.
Published: 2012

39. Molded Glass-Ceramics for Infrared Applications

Author: Perrine Toupin, Bruno Bureau, Catherine Boussard-Plédel, Mathieu Hubert, Xianghua Zhang, Laurent Calvez, and Mathieu Rozé
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Toughness, Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, Glass casting, Mineralogy, Infrared spectroscopy, 02 engineering and technology, Molding (process), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, chemistry, law, visual_art, 0103 physical sciences, visual_art.visual_art_medium, General Materials Science, Ceramic, Gallium, Crystallization, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology, Elastic modulus
Abstract: In this paper, the feasibility to make molded glass–ceramics transparent in the second and third atmospheric window has been investigated. The thermodynamical and viscosity properties of the base glass have been measured confirming the possibility of generating crystals during molding at different temperatures. 71Ga nuclear magnetic resonance confirms that gallium plays the role of nucleating agent of gallium in this glass. Examination of X-rays diffraction patterns and optical properties indicates that the generation of nanocrystals of GeGa4Se8 allows the glass–ceramics to keep a wide transparency in the infrared range from 2 to 15 μm. The crystallization of large GeSe2 crystals of at higher temperature induces scattering and a reduced transparency window. The mechanical and structural properties of the as-prepared glass ceramics show an increase of toughness from 0.188 to 0.387 MPa m1/2 and elastic modulus from 22.7 to 26.55 GPa while the number and size of crystals increase. As a result, the preparation of molded IR glass–ceramics with high resistance to thermal and mechanical shocks has been clearly demonstrated.
Published: 2011

40. Overshootless repetitive control

Author: Mathieu Hubert, Stephane Moisy, Luc Loron, Yi Yuan, François Auger, SKF, Institut de Recherche en Electrotechnique et Electronique de Nantes Atlantique EA4642 (IREENA), Institut Universitaire de Technologie Saint-Nazaire (IUT Saint-Nazaire), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ecole Polytechnique de l'Université de Nantes (EPUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut Universitaire de Technologie - La Roche-sur-Yon (IUT La Roche-sur-Yon), and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Control theory, Robustness (computer science), Piecewise, Process control, Reference tracking, Repetitive control, Transient analysis, Steady state error, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Mathematics
Abstract: Repetitive control (RC) is a widely used effective approach for periodic reference tracking and periodic disturbance rejection. In this paper, its use for periodic disturbance rejection and piecewise constant reference tracking is analyzed in a continuous-time framework. First, two previously proposed repetitive control structures, namely the basic repetitive controller and the current iteration repetitive controller, are studied. We first show that they do not provide a satisfying piecewise constant reference tracking performance, either because of a nonzero steady state error or because of large overshoots. Then a new structure, named the overshootless repetitive controller, is proposed to provide the same suitable periodic disturbance rejection capability as the current iteration repetitive controller while providing better transients.
Published: 2015

41. Laboratory Facilities for Simulation of Essential Process Steps in Industrial Glass Furnaces

Author: Penny Marson, Stef Lessmann, Mathieu Hubert, Oscar S. Verheijen, and Mathi Rongen
Subjects: Glass production, Materials science, Waste management, business.industry, Scientific method, Glass melting, business, Warm glass
Published: 2015

42. Synthesis of Germanium-Gallium-Tellurium (Ge-Ga-Te) Ceramics by Ball-Milling and Sintering

Author: Xianghua Zhang, Elena Petracovschi, Laurent Calvez, Mathieu Hubert, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), and Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010302 applied physics, Materials science, Metallurgy, chemistry.chemical_element, Sintering, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, 01 natural sciences, Differential scanning calorimetry, chemistry, Chemical engineering, visual_art, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Ceramics and Composites, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Mechanosynthesis, Ceramic, Gallium, 0210 nano-technology, Glass transition, Ball mill
Abstract: In this study, we present the preparation of a bulk material with a composition of 80GeTe2–20Ga2Te3 by combining mechanosynthesis and sintering. This composition cannot be prepared by conventional melt/quenching technique. The progressive evolution of the powder during ball-milling is followed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Differential Scanning Calorimetry analysis. The final powder obtained is highly crystalline, but a glass transition temperature (Tg) is observed, indicating the presence of some amorphous phase remaining, allowing for its efficient sintering. By hot-pressing, a dense bulk material with a fine microstructure and a high electrical conductivity is obtained. The synthesis method described represents a simple and cost-effective way to produce tellurium-based materials of desired dimension with potential applications for optical storage or thermoelectric devices.
Published: 2013

43. Design of a lying sensor for permanent magnet synchronous machine torque ripple reduction using the iterative learning control technique

Author: François Auger, Yi Yuan, Franck Debrailly, Mathieu Hubert, and Luc Loron
Subjects: Engineering, Rotor (electric), Iterative method, business.industry, Iterative learning control, Ripple, law.invention, law, Control theory, Electronic engineering, Torque, Torque ripple, business, Machine control
Abstract: Permanent magnet synchronous machines (PMSM) are widely used for high-performance drive systems. However, an important problem for PMSMs is that parasitic torques may degrade the performances of the drive system. These torque ripples generally vary periodically with the rotor position and lead to speed ripple. To suppress these speed ripples, an iterative learning control (ILC) is used, because it is a good candidate for dealing with periodical errors. In this paper, an original approach called “lying sensor technique” is proposed and analyzed. Compared to the torque ripple reduction approaches which realize the current compensation calculation in the controller, this technique consists in modifying the feedback speed information of the sensor. ILC is integrated into this technique for computing the lying speed information. Simulation is used to check the effectiveness of this approach. Simulation results prove that the ILC lying sensor technique has a good performance.
Published: 2011

44. An innovative approach to develop highly performant chalcogenide glasses and glass-ceramics transparent in the infrared range

Author: Gaëlle Delaizir, Judith Monnier, Xianghua Zhang, Hongli Ma, Laurent Calvez, Mathieu Hubert, Claude Godart, Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes (ISCR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Groupe d'Etudes des Matériaux Hétérogènes (GEMH), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Institut des Procédés Appliqués aux Matériaux (IPAM), Université de Limoges (UNILIM)-Université de Limoges (UNILIM), Institut de Chimie et des Matériaux Paris-Est (ICMPE), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Rennes (INSA Rennes), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes (ENSCR)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Materials science, Chalcogenide, Infrared, Mie scattering, Spark plasma sintering, Sintering, 02 engineering and technology, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, symbols.namesake, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Ceramic, Rayleigh scattering, 010302 applied physics, business.industry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Amorphous solid, chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, symbols, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business
Abstract: International audience; An innovative way to produce chalcogenide glasses and glass-ceramics for infrared devices is reported. This new method of synthesis at low temperature combining ball-milling and sintering by SPS (Spark Plasma Sintering) is a technological breakthrough to produce efficient infrared chalcogenide glasses and glass-ceramics. This technique will offer the possibility to strongly decrease the cost of infrared devices and to produce new chalcogenide glasses. It will also permit to increase the potential of some glass compositions by allowing their shaping at desired dimensions.
Published: 2011

45. Poka Yoke FAURECIA

Author: De Feydeau De Saint Christophe, Mathieu Hubert Jaques, M.C. Alfonso Calderón López, Dra. Dolores Edwiges Luna Reyes, and Dr. José Francisco Tamborero Arnal
Subjects: Administración de la Manufactura
Published: 2005

46. Souvenirs militaires du chef d'escadron Mathieu, de 1787 à 1815 / publiés par Camille Lévy,...

Author: Lévi, Camille (1860-1933). Éditeur scientifique, Mathieu, Hubert (Commandant). Auteur du texte, Lévi, Camille (1860-1933). Éditeur scientifique, and Mathieu, Hubert (Commandant). Auteur du texte
Abstract: Avec mode texte
Published: 1910

47. Éloge de J.-F. Oberlin, pasteur de Waldersbach au Ban-de-La-Roche (Vosges)... prononcé à la séance extraordinaire de la Société d'émulation... des Vosges, le 16 mai 1831, par M. Hubert Mathieu,...

Author: Mathieu, Hubert (1793-1849). Auteur du texte and Mathieu, Hubert (1793-1849). Auteur du texte
Abstract: Avec mode texte

48. Éloge de J.-F. Oberlin, pasteur de Waldersbach au Ban-de-La-Roche (Vosges)... prononcé à la séance extraordinaire de la Société d'émulation... des Vosges, le 16 mai 1831, par M. Hubert Mathieu,...

Author: Mathieu, Hubert (1793-1849). Auteur du texte and Mathieu, Hubert (1793-1849). Auteur du texte
Abstract: Avec mode texte

49. Excretion of Cell-Free and Cell-Associated Zika Virus into Breast Milk of Infected Dams and Identification of Antiviral Factors

Author: Sophie Desgraupes, Patricia Jeannin, Antoine Gessain, Pierre-Emmanuel Ceccaldi, Aurore Vidy, Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes / Oncogenic Virus Epidemiology and Pathophysiology (EPVO (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_3)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), S.D. was the recipient of a PhD fellowship from the French ministry of education and research for this project, and We thank Mathieu Hubert (Institut Pasteur) for his participation in the milk collection during the last experiment, Philippe Afonso (Institut Pasteur) for improving the manuscript, Emeline Perthame (Bioinformatics and Biostatistics HUB, Institut Pasteur) for improving the statistical analysis and Valérie Choumet (Institut Pasteur) for helpful advice.
Subjects: MESH: Antiviral Agents, breastfeeding, mother-to-child transmission, milk cells, antiviral, fatty acids, MESH: Zika Virus, Antiviral Agents, Biological Factors, Mice, MESH: Zika Virus Infection, MESH: Pregnancy, Pregnancy, Virology, Animals, Humans, MESH: Animals, MESH: Mice, MESH: Humans, MESH: Milk, Human, Milk, Human, Zika Virus Infection, Zika Virus, MESH: Satellite Viruses, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, MESH: Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Infectious Diseases, Satellite Viruses, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MESH: Biological Factors, Female, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; Zika virus (ZIKV) is a mosquito-borne RNA virus belonging to the Flavivirus genus of the Flaviviridae family. During the 60 years following its discovery in 1947, ZIKV caused little concern for public health as the associated infection was reported as mostly asymptomatic or inducing mild symptoms. However, since 2013, severe neurological symptoms have been associated with ZIKV infection, compelling the World Health Organization to declare a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. Among those symptoms, neurological birth defects may affect children born to mothers infected during pregnancy. Additionally, during the past 8 years, ZIKV transmission through breastfeeding has repeatedly been suggested in epidemiological studies and demonstrated on a mouse model by our team. To better understand the biological factors controlling ZIKV transmission through breastfeeding, we investigated the nature of the viral entities excreted in the breast milk of infected dams and evaluated viral transmission to breastfed pups. We show that both cell-free and cell-associated virus is excreted into breast milk and that ZIKV is efficiently transmitted to the breastfed pups. Additionally, we studied murine breast milk cell types, and identified a majority of mammary luminal cells. Finally, we investigated the effect on ZIKV infectivity of several breast milk components that are antiviral against different viruses such as lactoferrin (LF) and lactalbumin (LA), or free fatty acids (FFA). We showed no effect of LF and LA, whereas FFA inactivated the virus. These results bring new insight concerning the mechanisms of ZIKV transmission during breastfeeding and identify biological factors modulating it. These elements should be considered in risk assessment of ZIKV mother-to-child transmission
Published: 2022

50. L’infection zoonotique par les virus foamy simiens : une réponse anticorps puissante

Author: Buseyne, Florence, Epidémiologie et Physiopathologie des Virus Oncogènes (EPVO (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_3)), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Le travail a été financé par l’Institut Pasteur (programme transversal de recherche PTR437), l’ANR (projet REEMFOAMY, ANR 15-CE-15-0008-01) et le laboratoire d’excellence biologie intégrative des maladies émergentes (LabEx IBEID, ANR 10-LABX—62-IBEID)., Merci aux collègues co-auteurs de la publication. Ce texte a bénéficié de la critique constructive d’Antoine Gessain, Philippe Afonso et Mathieu Hubert., ANR-15-CE15-0008,REEMFOAMY,L'infection humaine par les virus foamy simiens zoonotiques : rôle des facteurs virologiques et immunologiques dans la restrcition de l'emergence virale(2015), ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID,IBEID,Laboratoire d'Excellence 'Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases'(2010), and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Immunization, Passive, Viral Vaccines, Antibodies, Viral, Antibodies, Neutralizing, [SDV.IMM.IA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Adaptive immunology, Simian foamy virus, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Zoonoses, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Animals, Humans, Epitope Mapping, Retroviridae Infections
Abstract: International audience; L’homme n’est pas un hôte naturel des virus foamy (VF), mais il peut être infecté par des VF simiens (VFS), principalement suite à une morsure par un singe infecté [...]
Published: 2019

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