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Objective: To determine the long‐term outcomes, including mortality and recurrent seizures, among children living with HIV (CLWH) who present with new onset seizure. Methods: Zambian CLWH and new onset seizure were enrolled prospectively to determine the risk of and risk factors for recurrent seizures. Demographic data, clinical profiles, index seizure etiology, and 30‐day mortality outcomes were previously reported. After discharge, children were followed quarterly to identify recurrent seizures and death. Given the high risk of early death, risk factors for recurrent seizure were evaluated using a model that adjusted for mortality. Results: Among 73 children enrolled, 28 died (38%), 22 within 30‐days of the index seizure. Median follow‐up was 533 days (IQR 18–957) with 5% (4/73) lost to follow‐up. Seizure recurrence was 19% among the entire cohort. Among children surviving at least 30‐days after the index seizure, 27% had a recurrent seizure. Median time from index seizure to recurrent seizure was 161 days (IQR 86–269). Central nervous system opportunistic infection (CNS OI), as the cause for the index seizure was protective against recurrent seizures and higher functional status was a risk factor for seizure recurrence. Significance: Among CLWH presenting with new onset seizure, mortality risks remain elevated beyond the acute illness period. Recurrent seizures are common and are more likely in children with higher level of functioning even after adjusting for the outcome of death. Newer antiseizure medications appropriate for co‐usage with antiretroviral therapies are needed for the care of these children. CNS OI may represent a potentially reversible provocation for the index seizure, while seizures in high functioning CLWH without a CNS OI may be the result of a prior brain injury or susceptibility to seizures unrelated to HIV and thus represent an ongoing predisposition to seizures. Plain Language Summary: This study followed CLWH who experienced a new onset seizure to find out how many go on to have more seizures and identify any patient characteristics associated with having more seizures. The study found that mortality rates continue to be high beyond the acute clinical presentation with new onset seizure. Children with a CNS OI causing the new onset seizure had a lower risk of later seizures, possibly because the trigger for the seizure can be treated. In contrast, high functioning children without a CNS OI were at higher risk of future seizures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the quantitative relationships between four fish species from three genera based on molecular analyses (barcoding) of nine species from five genera utilizing the mitochondrial COI gene. Species within the same genus showed more transitional incompatibilities than transversional mismatches. The samples were divided into four main groups by a phylogenetic tree built from the sequencing data (cytochrome COI) of samples from the two populations using the neighbour-joining method. As dissimilar species were clustered under separate nodes and similar species were clustered under the same nodes, the neighbour-joining tree revealed various clusters corresponding to the taxonomic status of the species. In conclusion, the mitochondrial CO1 gene is a useful molecular marker for DNA barcoding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Butterflies and moths belong to the second largest insect order, Lepidoptera, enclosing 46 super families and 126 families. Out of 15000 species of butterflies recorded globally, India harbours 1500 species, of which 316 species are found in Kerala. The morphological studies of Dysphania militaris (Family: Geometridae), Tirumala septentrionis (Family: Nymphalidae), Euploea core (Family: Nymphalidae) enabled the identification of the specimens up to species level and molecular confirmation was done by the analysis of mitochondrial CO1 gene. Genomic DNA, isolated from leg tissue extracts using a Genomic DNA extraction kit, was amplified using PCR specifically for the Mitochondrial encoded cytochrome c oxidase I gene sequences (MT- CO I). The amplified product underwent Agarose gel electrophoresis, visualized under a UV-trans-illuminator, and later, gel elution was conducted. The sequences were analysed using COI gene-specific forward and reverse primers of insects. The BLAST results confirmed similarity with Dysphania militaris, Tirumala septentrionis and Euploea core. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The optimal timing of intubation has been debated among healthcare professionals, current studies do not show any differences between early and late intubation. most studies failed to show any significant difference in clinical outcomes between early or late intubation. Methods: The study was conducted as a retrospective review of subjects with confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 admitted to the Dubai Hospital intensive care unit (ICU). Study variables included time to intubation, duration of supplemental oxygen requirement>15L/min, and cumulative duration of tachypnea and tachycardia while on the aforementioned oxygen requirement on this oxygen usage level. Each time duration was assessed for correlation with clinical variables including mortality and length of stay in ICU and hospital. Results: Subjects who require endotracheal intubation within 4 h after the start of oxygen >15 L/min have lower survival (P = 0.03). Subjects who have tachypnea on the aforementioned oxygen requirement for 6–19.5 h (P = 0.01) before they require intubation have better survival. No duration of tachycardia has any significant effect on survival. Only the duration of invasive mechanical ventilation (MV) correlated with the hospital length of stay. Conclusions: Subjects who require endotracheal intubation within 4 h after the start of oxygen >15 L/min have lower survival. The optimal time for intubation is after tachypnea of 6 h but before 19.5 h. No duration of tachycardia has any significant effect on survival. Only the duration of invasive MV correlated with the hospital length of stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we report the synthesis and self-assembly of a new class of amphiphilic azo dyes derived from a plant-based phenol, cardanol. Analysis of the self-assembly of these new azo derivatives was intriguing, and they exhibit some unique nanostructures, such as bicelles and microgel-like structures, and smectic-type thermotropic mesophases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explains the various mechanisms that are involved in the fast-photon-mode reversible handedness inversion of different self-organized helical superstructures. The two light-driven cyclic azobenzenophanes observed in the study are shown to exhibit extremely high solubility and helical twisting power.

A planar chiral photoresponsive compound is used in commercially available nematic liquid crystals to achieve phototunable reflection colors and an azobenzenophane compound is designed. A unique feature of these chiral photochromic compounds is that both the hypsochromic and bathochromic shift can be obtained from a single LC formulation by reversible photoisomerization of the single chiral compound.