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Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) and asthma are common respiratory diseases that can coexist in the same patient. Epidemiological and pathophysiological data suggest an independent association between the two diseases. Over the past few decades, a wealth of data has emerged on the prevalence of asthma and OSA. The prevalence ranges from 38% to as high as 70%.

Introduction and Purpose Germ cell tumors of the testis are the most common malignant tumors in young men aged 15-40, although their incidence in the male population is about 1-1.5%. 90-98% of all testicular tumors originate from germ cells. There has been an increase in the incidence of testicular tumors in recent years, suggesting the influence of both genetic and environmental factors. Testicular cancer, which accounts for about 5% of all urological cancers and mainly affects young men. Most of these cancers originate from germ cells, and cases of spontaneous tumor regression are extremely rare. Aim of the study We present the case of a 36-year-old man who was found to have a left testicular tumor with negative tumor markers during physical examination and testicular ultrasound. The tumor was surgically removed, and the patient was discharged home. Histopathological examination showed that the tumor had completely necrosed, and a CT scan showed no metastasis. Results and Future directions The phenomenon of testicular tumor “burnout” has been described since 1927, but it was only in 2016 that the WHO recognized it as a separate disease entity. Despite the rarity of this phenomenon, more and more cases are being reported in the literature, allowing for a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms. It is important to remember that the tumor can give a variable clinical picture and its symptoms are not necessarily related to the location of the tumor, but to its metastasis. Physical and ultrasound examinations are key to making a correct diagnosis. Histologic features such as scar formation, intravesicular calcification, lymphoplasmocytic infiltration and testicular atrophy can help diagnose germ cell tumor. The findings of this case demonstrate the need for diagnostic vigilance, especially in patients with equivocal tumor marker results but with clinical signs of testicular tumor.

Introduction and Purpose Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women, accounting for the fourth most common cancer worldwide and the sixth in Poland. Despite advances in diagnosis and prevention, the condition is still associated with a high mortality rate, especially in advanced stages. One of the significant complications of advanced cervical cancer is hydronephrosis, occurring in about 23% of patients. Hydronephrosis develops as a result of blocked urine outflow, which leads to stretching of the renal calyces and can result in renal failure if not properly treated. Management strategies for hydronephrosis include ureteral stenting and percutaneous nephrostomy, both of which are effective in draining the kidneys and improving patient outcomes. Aim of the study This article discusses the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of hydronephrosis in patients with cervical cancer, and presents a detailed case report of a patient with advanced cervical cancer complicated by hydronephrosis and renal perforation. Results and Future directions The patient was admitted to the urology department for bleeding into the retroperitoneal space after renal fistula replacement. During hospitalization, despite numerous complications, the patient's condition stabilized after blood and plasma transfusions, intensive antibiotic therapy and renal fistula re-implantation. The final results of the treatment were successful, and the patient was discharged with appropriate recommendations. The study highlights the importance of early diagnosis and effective treatment of hydronephrosis to improve the prognosis of patients with cervical cancer. It underscores the need for multidisciplinary collaboration involving urologists, oncologists and other specialists to provide comprehensive care tailored to the patient's evolving needs.