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The sponges may be the oldest group of Metazoa, with a long and successful evolutionary history. Despite their intermittent fossil record quality, the group has been considered reliable for paleoecological and paleobiogeographic analyses because they have inhabited various types of aquatic environments, forming a significant part of benthic communities. We have presented a detailed description of a new species from the genusTeganiella,Teganiella finksinew species, which expands the chronologic range and classifies the genus as endemic to the paleoequatorial regions of Laurentia associated with arid climate conditions linked to hypersaline periods. Combining the paleoecological and paleoenvironmental features of theTeganiellaspecies, our findings also suggest a trend toward more closed-inlet conditions, which may be related to competition and/or specific habitat supplies, for example, heavy metals such as vanadium, zinc, and molybdenum.UUID:http://zoobank.org/12901a63-7cd5-4207-ac7a-0ce12649fcaf

Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T15:01:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-04-01 Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina Micropaleontology is crucial branch of Earth Sciences, with a pivotal role in the success of the oil and gas industry over the decades. This sector of paleontology is based on the taxonomical description of microfossils, which encompass fossils with size variation from 0.001 mm to 1 m. Normally these microorganisms have a high rate on preservation, thus they are widely accepted as reliable evidence to infer about paleodepositional settings and paleoclimate change. Furthermore, microfossils are critical to understanding the evolution through time, being many of them recognized as index fossil and providing useful biozones to correlation. Since 1950, microfossils have been taxonomically described mainly by stereomicroscopes. However, as the technology progress, traditional ways to study these organisms are challenged and improved by nondestructive three-dimensional imaging techniques, as X-ray tomographic microscopy (SRXTM), three-dimensional X-ray microscopy (3DXRM), the X-ray computed microtomography (microCT) and X-ray computed nanotomography (nanoCT). Recently, one of the most compelling research areas in micropaleontology is the desire to automatize and enhance the details of systematic classification. Thereby, an increasing number of researches have applied the high-resolution X-ray analysis aiming to improve the morphological, taxonomic and taphonomic examination. Most of them have detailed the enhancement provided by the technique when compared with the standard microscopes, and raised questions about the traditional characters used on the microfossil systematic taxonomy. Nevertheless, even with the surpassing detail on microfossil characterization, the application of microCT has been hampered by the costs and sometimes by the needs of specific computer skill. Thus, this research has evaluated the use of microCT as the technique to classify a random bulk of microfossil (comprising foraminifers, ostracods, radiolarians, gastropods and echinoderms) with no further software treatment. No standard microscope analysis was performed. Despite chemical composition of microfossils, most of the specimens morphology, especially internal structures, have been easily acquired and analyzed. 96% of the microfossils of the dataset were identified at least on genus level. Irrespective of the deepness of detail, when considering the overall taxonomic identification, the microCT seems to be effective as the standard microscope. Nonetheless, when problematic specimens are evaluated, the microCT seems to be a more reliable and practical tool than other methods as Scanning Electron Microscopy. Thus, the technique can be used solo or as a complementary method to the stereomicroscope. Additionally, the high-resolution has the potential to lead to the expected automatized & nbsp;micropaleontology, since they can provide numerous images in several planes. This may create a strong database necessary to machine learning and computer identification. Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Mech Engn, Lab Meios Porosos & Propriedades Termofis LMPT, BR-88040535 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil Univ Fed Pernambuco, Dept Geol, Lab Micropaleontol Aplicada LMA, BR-50740540 Recife, PE, Brazil Univ Vale Rio dos Sinos, Inst Tecnol Micropaleontol, Itt Fossil, Sao Leopoldo, RS, Brazil Univ Vale Rio dos Sinos, Geol Grad Program, BR-93022750 Sao Leopoldo, RS, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Bauru, Dept Ciencias Biol, Ave Engenheiro Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, BR-17033360 Bauru, SP, Brazil Univ Fed Santa Catarina, Dept Geol, Lab Geoquim LABGEOQ, Rua Engn Agron Andrei Cristian Ferreira S-N, BR-88040535 Florianopolis, SC, Brazil Univ Estadual Paulista, Fac Ciencias Bauru, Dept Ciencias Biol, Ave Engenheiro Luiz Edmundo Carrijo Coube, BR-17033360 Bauru, SP, Brazil

The new Covid-19 pandemic has left traces of suffering and devastation to individuals of almost all countries worldwide and severe impact on the global economy. Understanding the clinical characteristics, interactions with the environment, and the variables that favor or hinder its dissemination help the public authorities in the fight and prevention, leading for a rapid response in society. Using models to estimate contamination scenarios in real time plays an important role. Population compartments models based on ordinary differential equations (ODE) for a given region assume two homogeneous premises, the contact mechanisms and diffusion rates, disregarding heterogeneous factors as different contact rates for each municipality and the flow of contaminated people among them. This work considers a hybrid model for covid-19, based on local SIR models and the population flow network among municipalities, responsible for a complex lag dynamic in their contagion curves. Based on actual infection data, local contact rates (β) are evaluated. The epidemic evolution at each municipality depends on the local SIR parameters and on the inter-municipality transport flow. When heterogeneity of β values and flow network are included, forecasts differ from those of the homogeneous ODE model. This effect is more relevant when more municipalities are considered, hinting that the latter overestimates new cases. In addition, mitigation scenarios are assessed to evaluate the effect of earlier interventions reducing the inter-municipality flux. Restricting the flow between municipalities in the initial stage of the epidemic is fundamental for flattening the contamination curve, highlighting advantages of a contamination lag between the capital curve and those of other municipalities in the territories., Highlights • Local epidemic curves resulting in unexpected behaviors at larger scales. • The effect of Inter-cities flow flattens the infected curve. • Flow interventions should be strictly implemented to obtain relevant results.

The Lontras Shale is a fossil site located in Mafra, Santa Catarina, south of Brazil. This Late Paleozoic (Pennsilvanian - Cisularian) stratum holds an important place with great potential for the synthesis of knowledge about paradigmatic events that happened on Gondwana. This marine fossil site, preserved into a 1.1 m black shale, comprises a combination of different kinds of preservation, in broad taphonomical spectra, including hard and/or soft-tissues of aquatic (e.g., fishes, poriferans and ammonoids) and terrestrial biotas (e.g., insect and woods), among other organisms that were well preserved under still unrevealed process and conditions. Considering the prevailing depositional settings and aiming to present fossil diagenetic aspects that led to some special preservation modes, we performed chemical analyses of sponges and insects by means of energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), synchrotron micro-X-ray fluorescence (micro-XRF) and Raman spectroscopy. To date, we have identified the majority of fossils preserved as carbonaceous compressions or phosphatized forms. The well-preserved fossils have so far permitted new insights into metazoan evolution, especially regarding Insecta, Porifera, and Conodonta. Our findings not only allow suggestions regarding the chemical remains of soft tissues on these specimens but also can provide background data for future analyses of these groups in similar depositional settings.

The cellulose matrix was chemically modified with cysteamine (CelCTA) and characterized by elemental analysis, and subsequently applied to the removal of copper ion in an aqueous media. The experimental adsorption isotherm obtained for the studied system was adjusted to linear models: Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin. Among the proposed models, the Langmuir model was the one with the best linear adjustment to data obtainedexperimentally, with an adsorption capacity of the adsorbent for 0.3292 mmol dm-3.

In the context of mitigating the harmful impacts caused to the environment, in particular the water pollution, by the indiscriminate discharge of anionic dyes, this work reports the use of sodium titanate nanotubes (NaTiNTs) functionalized with amine group (NaTiNTs-NH2), obtained from the reaction of nanotubes with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS), as adsorbent. The physicochemical characterizations showed that APTMS interacts covalently with the surface of NaTiNTs and the proposed adsorbent, NaTiNTs-NH2, retained morphological and crystalline structure after the functionalization. Remazol blue R (RB) was used as the model molecule of anionic dye and the adsorption tests were carried outin the aqueous solution, which showed that the matrix NaTiNTs-NH2 presents very high adsorption capacity of RB dye (435.68 ± 6.05 mgg−1) and the process occurs at monolayer by chemisorption. The adsorption process is thermodynamically favorable and exothermic in nature and. These results suggest that NaTiNTs-NH2 can be used as an alternative adsorbent material for the removal of anionic dyes in aqueous medium.

Adsorption has been researched attempting to minimize the pollution caused by dyes, which represents a serious environmental problem as contamination of surface and ground water. Therefore, cellulose and its modified forms with amine and thiols groups constitute a class of versatile adsorbents for the removal of anionic dyes in aqueous solution. In this context, this work reports the preparation of cellulose modified by ethylene sulfide and ethylenediamine (Cel-ESEN), through the reaction of the cellulose modified by ethylene sulfide (CEL-ES) and ethylenediamine (EN). Materials were characterized by elemental analysis, which showed in the Cel-ESEN matrix 10.12 ± 0.10%, 5.52 ± 0.06% of sulfur and nitrogen, respectively. Nuclear magnetic resonance in the solid state of 13C (13C NMR) showed, for the Cel-ESEN matrix, a peak related to CH2 groups from the molecules incorporated in the cellulose biopolymer. Crystalline Index obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) was in the order pure Cellulose > Cel-Cl > Cel-ES > Cel-ESEN. The adsorbent matrix (Cel-ESEN) was used in the removal of the remazol yellow GR (RY) dye in aqueous medium. Data obtained experimentally from kinetic study had the best adjustment to the proposed pseudo-second-order model. The adsorption process occurs in monolayer, is endothermic and thermodynamically favorable. Adsorption capacity of the modified material became 118 times higher than the starting material. These results suggest that the obtained biopolymer can be used as an alternative material to remove RY in aqueous solution.

Adsorption has been explored to minimize the pollution caused by dyes. This work relates the preparation of diethylenetriamine-modified cellulose (DetaCel) by reacting phthalic anhydride-modified cellulose (PhCel) with diethylenetriamine (Deta). Materials were characterized by Elemental Analysis and results showed a degree of incorporation of 5.55 ± 0.02 mmol of nitrogen per gram of modified material. The main bands observed for DetaCel by Fourier-Transform Infrared Spectroscospy (FTIR) were attributed to C N deformation (1330 cm−1) and N H stretching of amide (3400 cm−1), while Solid State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of 13C (13C{1H}CP-MAS NMR) showed a signal at 164.6 ppm characteristic of amide group. Crystallinity index (CrI) obtained by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) was 74.99 (Cel), 58.64 (PhCel) and 46.12% (DetaCel). Adsorbent matrices were employed to remove methyl orange (MO) and eosin (EY) dyes in aqueous medium. Data obtained experimentally from kinetic study had a better fit to the pseudo-first order, thus the adsorption process occurs in monolayer, with MO adsorption capacity by Cel and DetaCel of 2.19 and 65.45 mg g−1, respectively. For EY adsorption by Cel and DetaCel was 1.30 and 56.69 mg g−1, respectively. These results suggest that DetaCel can be used as an alternative potential for removal dyes in aqueous solution.

Cellulose derivatives have been widely used as adsorbents for the removal of micropollutants such as drugs, dyes, and metals, due to their abundance, low cost and non-contaminating nature. In this context, several studies have been performed searching for new adsorbents (cellulose derivatives) efficient at contaminant removal from aqueous solutions. Thus, a new adsorbent was synthesized by chemical modification of cellulose with ethylenediamine in the absence of solvent and applied to the adsorption of amitriptyline (AMI) in aqueous solution. The modification reaction was confirmed by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Thermogravimetry/Differential Scanning Calorimeter (TG/DSC), solid state Nuclear Magnetic Resonance of 1H and 13C (1H-NMR and 13C-NMR). Moreover, the effectiveness of reaction was confirmed by computational calculations using Density Functional Theory (DFT) at level B3LYP/6-31G(d). This adsorption process was influenced by pH, time, concentration, temperature and did not show significant changes due to the ionic strength variation. Through these experiments, it was observed that the maximum adsorption capacity of AMI by CN polymer at 298 K, 300 min, and pH 7 was 87.66 ± 0.60 mg·g−1.

In the last decade, adsorption has been used to minimize the pollution caused by dyes, which represents a serious environmental problem. In this context, this work reports the preparation of phthalic anhydride-modified cellulose (PhCel), through the reaction of cellulose (Cel) with phthalic anhydride (Ph). The efficiency of the reaction was observed by elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and thermogravimetry/derivative thermogravimetry (TG/DTG). The adsorbent matrix (Cel and PhCel) was used in the removal of crystal violet (CV) and methylene blue (MB) dyes in aqueous medium. In the kinetic study, the experimental data obtained had the best fit to the pseudo-first-order model. In general, the isotherms obtained at different temperatures had a best fit to the model proposed by Langmuir, and the CV and MB adsorption process in adsorbent matrixes can be favored strictly by hydrogen bonds and/or electrostatic interactions for Cel and electrostatic interactions for PhCel.

The cellulose matrix was characterized by FTIR, 13C NMR, XRD, TG, SEM and applied in the removal of the reactive red RB dye in an aqueous medium, with a capacity of adsorption at a pH of 2.0, and an adsorption equilibrium time which was reached at around 200 mins. The kinetic study for the system followed the Elovich model. The adsorption isotherms for the system at temperatures of 35°C, 45°C, and 55°C were adjusted to the Langmuir, Freundlich, Sips, and Redlich-Peterson non-linear models, with a capacity of adsorption for adsorbent of 5.97 mg g-1, 5.64 mg g-1, and 4.62 mg g-1, respectively. The adsorption occurred by electrostatic interactions and it was favorable and spontaneous, with the influence of temperature.