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This article presents an overview of endoscopic bariatric and metabolic therapies (EBMTs) as emerging minimally invasive interventions for obesity and its related comorbidities. It explores various gastric and small-bowel endoscopic procedures, including their mechanisms, clinical outcomes, and safety profiles., Competing Interests: Disclosure B.K. Abu Dayyeh: co-inventor of Endogenex (licensed technology by Mayo Clinic to Endogenex). Consultant for Endo-TAGSS, BFKW, USGI, Olympus, Medtronic, Spatz Medical, and Boston Scientific, and received research grants from USGI, Apollo Endosurgery, Boston Scientific, Medtronic, and EndoGastric Solutions. Co-inventor of Endogenex. Consultant for Endo-TAGSS, BFKW, USGI, Olympus, Medtronic, Spatz Medical, and Boston Scientific USA. Received research grants from USGI, Apollo Endosurgery, Boston Scientific, Medtronic, and EndoGastric Solutions., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

This meta-analysis investigated the effects of exercise on Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI) scores following vertebroplasty or kyphoplasty in osteoporotic fractures. A literature search of PubMed, EMBASE (Elsevier), CiNAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, Scopus, and Web of Science was conducted from database inception to October 6, 2022. Eligible studies reported osteoporosis patients over 18 years of age with a diagnosis of at least one vertebral fracture via radiography or clinical assessment. This review was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42022340791). Ten studies met the eligibility criteria (n = 889). VAS scores at baseline were 7.75 (95% CI: 7.54, 7.97, I 2  = 76.11%). Following initiation of exercise, VAS scores at the endpoint of 12 months were 1.91 (95% CI: 1.53, 2.29, I 2  = 92.69%). ODI scores at baseline were 68.66 (95% CI: 56.19, 81.13, I 2  = 85%). Following initiation of exercise, ODI scores at the endpoint of 12 months were 21.20 (95% CI: 14.52, 27.87, I 2  = 99.30). A two-arm analysis demonstrated improved VAS and ODI for the exercise group compared to non-exercise control at 6 months (MD = -0.70, 95% CI: -1.08, -0.32, I 2  = 87% and MD = -6.48, 95% CI: -7.52, -5.44, I 2  = 46%, respectively) and 12 months (MD = -0.88, 95% CI: -1.27, -0.49, I 2  = 85% and MD = -9.62, 95% CI: -13.24, -5.99, I 2  = 93%). Refracture was the only adverse event reported and occurred almost twice as frequently in the non-exercise group than in the exercise group. Exercise rehabilitation post vertebral augmentation is associated with improved pain and functionality, particularly after 6 months of exposure, and may reduce refracture rate., (© 2023 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society.)

Background: Lung transplantation is recommended for select patients with end-stage chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, a consensus has not been reached regarding the optimal choice of lung transplantation: single lung transplants (SLTs) vs bilateral lung transplants (BLTs). This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of SLT compared with BLT in managing end-stage COPD., Methods: Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, and Scopus were searched for articles by 2 independent reviewers using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis system. The review was registered prospectively with PROSPERO (CRD42022343408)., Results: Seven studies of 311 screened met the eligibility criteria, with a total of 10,652 patients with end-stage COPD, SLT (n = 6233), or BLT (n = 4419). Overall survival rates of BLT group were more favorable than SLT group at 1 (odds ratio [OR] = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.16, 1.43, I 2  = 0%), 5 (OR = 1.46, 95% CI: 1.35, 1.58, I 2  = 23%), and 10 years (OR = 1.71, 95% CI: 1.57, 1.87, I 2  = 12%) as well as the hazard ratio (HR = 0.73, 95% CI: 0.70, 0.76, I 2  = 40%). Subgroup analysis on survival rates of alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency also displayed a trend favoring BLT compared with SLT at 1 (OR = 1.60, 95% CI: 1.24, 2.08, I 2  = 28%), 5 (OR = 1.84, 95% CI: 1.50, 2.26, I 2  = 42%), and 10 years (OR = 1.98, 95% CI: 1.59, 2.48, I 2  = 47%) as well as the HR (HR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.35, 1.28, I 2  = 82%)., Conclusion: Compared with SLT, BLT seems to demonstrate more favorable trends in survival rates for the management of end-stage COPD. Despite the promising results, the groups have significant heterogeneity in baseline characteristics. Further prospective studies with extended follow-up periods are needed to ascertain the efficacy of treatment., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest All the authors declare no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Introduction: Rapid weight loss following Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery (RYGB) translates to an increased need for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) intervention. Laparoscopically Assisted Transgastric ERCP (LA-ERCP) has emerged to address the issue of accessing the excluded stomach. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of LA-ERCP procedure following RYGB., Methods: The Cochrane, EMBASE, SCOPUS, MEDLINE, Daily and Epub databases were searched from inception to May 2022 using the PRISMA guidelines. Eligible studies reported participants older than 18 years who underwent the LA-ERCP procedure, following RYGB, and outcomes of patients., Results: 27 unique studies met the inclusion criteria with 1283 patients undergoing 1303 LA-ERCP procedures. 81.9% of the patients were female and the mean age was 52.18 ± 13.38 years. The rate of concurrent cholecystectomy was 33.6%. 90.9% of procedures were undertaken for a biliary indication. The mean time between RYGB and LA-ERCP was 89.19 months. The most common intervention performed during the LA-ERCP was a sphincterotomy (94.3%). Mean total operative time was 130.48 min. Mean hospital length of stay was 2.697 days. Technical success was 95.3%, while clinical success was 93.8%. 294 complications were recorded with a 20.6% complication rate. The most frequent complications encountered were pancreatitis (6.8%), infection (6.1%), bleeding (3.4%), and perforation (2.5%). Rate of conversion to open laparotomy was 7%., Conclusion: This meta-analysis presents preliminary evidence to suggest the safety and efficacy of LA-ERCP procedure following RYGB. Further investigations are warranted to evaluate the long-term efficacy of this procedure using studies with long-term patient follow-up., (© 2023. The Author(s).)

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is extensively used to treat motor and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD). The aim of this study was to investigate the difference between subthalamic (STN) and globus pallidus internus (GPi) DBS on mood and quality of life with reference to minimal clinically important differences (MCID). A systematic literature search for articles published until November 2022 yielded 14 studies meeting the eligibility criteria, with a total of 1,088 patients undergoing STN (n=571) or GPi (n=517) stimulation. Baseline patient and clinical characteristics were comparable between the two groups. Results showed that GPi stimulation demonstrated a greater reduction in the Beck depression inventory (mean difference (MD)=1.68) than STN stimulation (MD=0.84). Hospital anxiety and depression scale showed a 2.69- and 3.48-point decrease by the GPi group in the depression and anxiety categories, respectively. The summary index (SI) of the PD questionnaire depicted a greater improvement in the GPi group from baseline (mean=41.01, 95% CI 34.89, 47.13) to follow-up (mean=30.85, 95% CI 22.08, 39.63) when compared to the STN group (baseline mean=42.43, 95% CI 34.50, 50.37; follow-up mean=34.21, 95% CI 25.43, 42.99). The emotions category also demonstrated a similar trend. However, STN stimulation showed greater reductions in motor symptoms and medication than GPi stimulation. This meta-analysis demonstrated that GPi stimulation seems to offer an advantage over STN stimulation in improving mood and quality of life in PD, but those effects must be further validated by larger studies., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist., (Copyright © 2023, El Ghazal et al.)

Objective: Acute asthmatic exacerbation is a common condition for pediatric emergency visits. Recently, dexamethasone has increasingly been used as an alternative to prednisone. This study aimed to evaluate the safety and efficacy of dexamethasone (DEX) against prednisone/prednisolone (PRED) in managing pediatric patients with acute asthmatic exacerbation., Data Sources: Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for articles from their inception to August 2022 by two independent reviewers using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) system. The review was registered prospectively with PROSPERO (CRD42022353462)., Study Selections: From 316 studies screened, seventeen studies met the eligibility criteria, with 5967 pediatric patients experiencing an asthma exacerbation requiring treatment with either DEX ( n  = 2865) or PRED ( n  = 3102). Baseline patient characteristics (age, sex, PRAM (pediatric respiratory assessment measure), previous corticosteroid and beta-agonist inhaler) were comparable between groups., Results: After treatment administration, the DEX group had fewer vomiting incidents (OR = 0.24, 95% CI: 0.11, 0.51, I 2  = 58%) and reduced noncompliance events (OR = 0.12, 95% CI: 0.04, 0.34, I 2  = 0%) when compared to the PRED group. Regarding emergency-department (ED)-related outcomes, there were no differences in hospital admission rates (OR = 0.83, 95% CI: 0.58, 1.19, I 2  = 15%), time spent in the ED (MD= -0.11 h, 95% CI: -0.52; 0.30, I 2  = 82%) or relapse occurrences (OR = 0.67, 95% CI: 0.30, 1.49, I 2  = 52%) between both groups., Conclusion: Although there were no differences between the DEX and PRED groups in terms of hospital admission rates, time spent in the ED or relapse events, pediatric patients receiving DEX experienced lower noncompliance and vomiting rates.

Aim: The aim of this meta-analysis was to assess the safety and efficacy of tranexamic acid (TXA) in the management of hip fracture surgeries in comparison with placebo., Methods: A systematic search was conducted from August 6, 2021. Eligible studies included randomized clinical trials and prospective studies comparing the use of intravenous TXA in patients treated for hip fractures, in comparison with placebo. Review Manager was used for the meta-analysis., Results: Eighteen prospective studies including 14 RCTs met the eligibility criteria. The results favored the TXA group in the quantity of total blood loss (MD =  - 196.91 mL, 95% CI - 247.59, - 146.23, I 2  = 92%), intraoperative blood loss (MD = - 26.86 mL, 95% CI - 36.96, - 16.78, I 2  = 62%), and rate of blood transfusion (OR 0.35, 95% CI 0.28, 0.42, I 2  = 0%). TXA also exhibited higher hemoglobin level at day 1 (MD = 6.77 g/L, 95% CI 4.30, 9.24, I 2  = 83%) and day 3 (MD = 7.02 g/L, 95% CI 3.30, 10.74, I 2  = 82%) postoperatively. There was no significant difference found in the incidence of thromboembolic events from occurring between the two groups, such as deep vein thrombosis (OR 1.22, 95% CI 0.73, 2.02, I 2  = 0%) and pulmonary embolism (OR 0.82, 95% CI 0.33, 2.05, I 2  = 0%)., Conclusion: Administration of intravenous TXA appears to reduce blood loss, rate of blood transfusions and pose no increased risk of thromboembolic events. Therefore, TXA should be considered by physicians when managing hip fracture patients., (© 2022. The Author(s).)

Purpose: Metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS) could improve health-related quality of life (HrQoL) for selected patients with obesity. Although biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) is regarded as the most effective MBS technique in achieving weight loss, no consensus has been reached on the impact of BPD-DS on HrQoL. The aim of this meta-analysis is to assess the mid-term HrQoL after BPD-DS in the management of patients with obesity., Materials and Methods: Cochrane, Embase, APA PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for articles from their inception to August 2022 by two independent reviewers using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA) system. The review was registered prospectively with PROSPERO (CRD42022352073)., Results: From 223 studies screened, twelve studies met the eligibility criteria, with a total of 937 patients with obesity undergoing BPD-DS. Minimal clinically important differences (MCID) were reached for the physical component summary score (PCS) of the 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) (MD = 13.4) and impact of weight on quality of life (IWQOL)-Lite total score (MD = 48.7). Similarly, MCIDs were attained in the Laval questionnaire and SF-36 subscales., Conclusion: Our meta-analysis demonstrated an improvement in mid-term HrQoL after BPD-DS. Despite the promising trends demonstrated in this meta-analysis, further studies with large sample sizes are needed to evaluate the impact of HrQoL on patients with obesity after BPD-DS., (© 2023. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Laparoscopic surgery is considered a standard treatment for benign adrenal tumors; however, no consensus has been reached on the optimal resection technique for adrenocortical carcinomas. This study aims to evaluate the safety and efficacy of laparoscopic surgery and open surgery in the management of adrenocortical carcinoma., Methods: The Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases were searched for articles from inception to May 2022, by two independent reviewers using the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. The review was registered prospectively on the PROSPERO database (CRD42022316050)., Results: From 183 studies screened, 11 studies met the eligibility criteria, with a total of 1617 patients with adrenocortical carcinoma undergoing either laparoscopic surgery (n = 472) or open surgery (n = 1145). Open surgery demonstrated a lower rate of positive resection margin compared with laparoscopic surgery (odds ratio [OR] 1.52, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.10-2.10; I 2  = 0%). Additionally, open surgery had more favorable overall survival (OR 0.56, 95% CI 0.44-0.72; I 2  = 0%) and recurrence-free rates (OR 0.60, 95% CI 0.42-0.85; I 2  = 38%) than laparoscopic surgery at 3 years. Hospital stay was shorter for laparoscopic surgery than open surgery (mean difference - 2.49 days, 95% CI - 2.95 to - 2.04; I 2  = 45%)., Conclusions: Open surgery should still be considered the standard operative approach; however, laparoscopic surgery could be regarded as an effective and safe operation for selected adrenocortical carcinoma cases with appropriate laparoscopic expertise. Further randomized controlled studies with tumor stage- and resection margin-dependent survival analysis are necessary to ascertain the safety and efficacy of the treatment., (© 2022. Society of Surgical Oncology.)

Abstract: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease affecting multiple joints and can also be a systemic widespread, affecting major organs. Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with greater adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes in comparison to the general obstetric population. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to investigate the pregnancy outcomes in RA patients in comparison to the general pregnant population.Nine studies involving 11,999 RA patients met the eligibility criteria with 9,921,808 controls. Rheumatoid arthritis patients were compared with their control counterparts according to random-effects model statistical analysis.We searched databases from inception to September 8, 2021. Eligible studies reported maternal outcomes (preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, and preterm delivery) and/or neonatal outcomes. Data were pooled across using random-effects model. Subgroup analysis was conducted on RA patients alone. The review was registered prospectively with PROSPERO (CRD42021250521).In terms of maternal outcomes, there was an increased rate of cesarean delivery (odds ratio [OR], 1.55), preeclampsia (OR, 1.61), and preterm delivery (OR, 1.83) in RA patients compared with their control counterparts. In terms of neonatal outcomes, a higher rate of lower gestational weight (mean difference [MD], -0.19 kg), requirement for neonate intensive care unit admission (OR, 1.34), and stillbirths (OR, 1.99) were observed in RA patients compared with the controls. A subgroup analysis of 4 studies involving only RA patients (n = 3761) was conducted. A total of 33.2% of patients had a cesarean delivery, 7.3% had preeclampsia, 14.8% had a preterm delivery, and 9.5% of neonates had low birth weight.Compared with the general pregnant population, women with RA tend to have a higher risk of maternal and neonatal complications. As a result, this study hopes to increase awareness into the importance of counseling and managing RA patients., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is an alternative to corticosteroid (CS) injections in managing rotator cuff disease. This meta-analysis investigated differences between PRP and CS for function and pain scores in significance and minimal clinical important difference (MCID). A literature search of Ovid Cochrane Library, Medline, Embase, Epub, and Scopus was conducted from inception to October 28, 2021. Eligible studies reported patients older than 18 years with a diagnosis of rotator cuff disease. This review was registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42021278740). Twelve studies met eligibility criteria (n = 639) of patients receiving either PRP or CS. At short-term follow-up, a difference favored CS compared to PRP in baseline change for disability of arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) score (MD = -5.08, 95% CI: -8.00, -2.15; p = 0.0007; I 2  = 0%) and simple shoulder test (SST) (MD = 1.25, 95% CI: 0.33, 2.18; p = 0.008; I 2  = 0%). At intermediate follow-up, a difference favored PRP to CS baseline change of the DASH score (MD = 3.41, 95% CI: 0.67, 6.15; p = 0.01; I 2  = 0%). At medium-term, a difference favored PRP to CS baseline change of the American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons Shoulder (ASES) score (MD = -4.42, 95% CI: -8.16, -0.67; p = 0.02; I 2  = 0%). Both treatments achieved individual MCID for each score. Despite favoring CS at short-term follow-up and PRP at intermediate- and medium-term follow-up, functional and pain scores did not demonstrate any clinical difference between the two treatment modalities in management of rotator cuff disease at all follow-up periods., (© 2022 The Authors. Journal of Orthopaedic Research® published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Orthopaedic Research Society.)

Background: Biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) is an effective yet technically challenging bariatric surgery with many complications. Alternatively, single anastomosis duodenal-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy (SADI-S) was recently introduced as a simplified bariatric procedure. This meta-analysis aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of SADI-S compared with BPD-DS in the management of patients with obesity., Methods: Cochrane, Embase, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were searched for articles from their inception to May 2022 by 2 independent reviewers using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis system. The review was registered prospectively with PROSPERO (CRD42022333521)., Results: From 123 studies screened, 6 studies met the eligibility criteria, with a total of 1847 patients with obesity undergoing either SADI-S (n=818) or BPD-DS (n=1029). Preoperative body mass index was similar between the 2 groups, and the BPD-DS group had a greater % excess body mass index loss (EBMIL) (MD=-10.16%, 95% confidence interval: -11.80, -8.51, I 2 =0%) at 2 years compared with the SADI-S group. There was no difference observed in preoperative comorbidities and remission, including diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia between SADI-S and BPD-DS cohorts. Compared with BPD-DS, SADI-S had shorter hospital stays (MD=-1.36 d, 95% CI: -2.39, -0.33, I 2 =86%), and fewer long-term (>30 d) complications (OR=0.56, 95% CI: 0.42, 0.74, I 2 =20%). Conversely, among nutritional deficiency outcomes, the SADI-S group had few patients with abnormal vitamin D (OR=0.51, 95% CI: 0.36, 0.72, I 2 =0%) values than the BPD-DS group., Conclusions: SADI-S has shown to be a possible alternative treatment option to BPD-DS in managing patients with obesity. Despite the promising results, further randomized controlled studies with more extended follow-up periods are necessary to ascertain the safety and efficacy of the treatment., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations have recently been implicated in causing myocarditis. Therefore, the primary aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to investigate the clinical characteristics of patients with myocarditis following mRNA vaccination. The secondary aims were to report common imaging and laboratory findings, as well as treatment regimes, in these patients. A literature search was performed from December 2019 to June 2022. Eligible studies reported patients older than 18 years vaccinated with mRNA, a diagnosis of myocarditis, and subsequent outcomes. Pooled mean or proportion were analyzed using a random-effects model. Seventy-five unique studies (patient n = 188, 89.4% male, mean age 18-67 years) were included. Eighty-six patients had Moderna vaccines while one hundred and two patients had Pfizer-BioNTech vaccines. The most common presenting symptoms were chest pain (34.5%), fever (17.1%), myalgia (12.4%), and chills (12.1%). The most common radiologic findings were ST-related changes on an electrocardiogram (58.7%) and hypokinesia on cardiac magnetic resonance imaging or echocardiography (50.7%). Laboratory findings included elevated Troponin I levels (81.7%) and elevated C-reactive protein (71.5%). Seven patients were admitted to the intensive care unit. The most common treatment modality was non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs (36.6%) followed by colchicine (28.5%). This meta-analysis presents novel evidence to suggest possible myocarditis post mRNA vaccination in certain individuals, especially young male patients. Clinical practice must therefore take appropriate pre-cautionary measures when administrating COVID-19 mRNA vaccinations.

AstraZeneca coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccinations have recently been implicated in thromboembolism formations. Our aim was to investigate the outcomes of patients with thromboembolic events following the AstraZeneca vaccine (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19, AZD1222). A literature search was performed from December 2019 to September 2021. Eligible studies must report participants older than 18 years vaccinated with AstraZeneca and outcomes of thromboembolic events. Pooled mean or proportion were analyzed using a random-effects model. A total of 45 unique studies (number of patients = 144, 64.6% women, mean age 21-68 years) were included. The most common presenting adverse events were headache (12.1%), intracerebral hemorrhage (7.5%), and hemiparesis (7%). The most common thromboembolic adverse events were cerebral venous sinus thrombosis (38.5%) and deep vein thrombosis/pulmonary embolism (21.1%). The most common radiologic finding were intracerebral hemorrhage and cerebral venous thrombosis. Laboratory findings included thrombocytopenia (75%) and hypofibrinogenemia (41%). On admission, 64 patients tested positive for PF4-Heparin ELISA assay (80%). Seventy-four patients were hospitalized with 22 being admitted to the ICU. A total of 78 patients recovered while 39 patients died. This meta-analysis presents evidence to suggest vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia (VITT) following AstraZeneca vaccine. Clinical practice must, therefore, account for the possibility of VITT and subsequent embolic events in certain individuals' postvaccination with adenovirus-based COVID-19 vaccines. Serum anti-PF4 suggests diagnostic value for VITT and could subsequently inform treatment choices in such instances., (Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Health, Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Roux-en-Y gastric diversion (RNYG) is an alternative approach for patients with persistent or recurrent gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) after surgical fundoplication, especially in patients with esophageal dysmotility or morbid obesity, because redo fundoplication could offer unfavorable outcomes., Objective: To evaluate long-term outcomes of RNYG for failed fundoplication and its impact on esophageal function., Setting: A retrospective cohort study and a systematic review., Methods: Patients who underwent RNYG after failed fundoplication between 1995 and 2019 were identified. Surgical-related complications, GERD, dysphagia, and endoscopic and esophageal manometric findings were reviewed. A literature search for relevant studies was performed from several databases from database inception to September 2019., Results: A total of 101 patients (mean age, 52.1 yr; 86.1% female; mean body mass index, 35.8 kg/m 2 ) were included. Overall complication rates within and more than 30 days after surgery were 36.3% and 53.5%. GERD symptoms were resolved in 70.1% after RNYG. However, 39.7% had a recurrence during a median follow-up of 56.2 months. In patients with no baseline dysphagia (n = 36), 16 (44%) developed new-onset dysphagia after surgery. In patients with severe baseline dysphagia (n = 9), 5 patients (56%) had persistent dysphagia after surgery. Seven studies involving 381 patients were included in our systematic review. High rates of GERD improvement have been reported across studies; however, long-term GERD, dysphagia, and objective outcomes were infrequently reported., Conclusion: RNYG is an effective alternative surgery in a subset of patients with intractable symptoms who failed fundoplication. However, patients should be informed of the risks of postoperative GERD symptoms and dysphagia. Referral for a careful evaluation by a multidisciplinary foregut team is warranted., (Copyright © 2020 American Society for Bariatric Surgery. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background and Aims: Endoscopic transoral outlet reduction (TORe) has been used to manage weight regain after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass. We conducted a meta-analysis to summarize the efficacy and safety of the two most commonly used techniques: full-thickness suturing plus argon plasma mucosal coagulation (ft-TORe) and argon plasma mucosal coagulation alone (APMC-TORe)., Methods: A literature search of publication databases was performed from their inception to February 2020 for relevant studies. The outcomes of interest were percentage total body weight loss, gastrojejunal anastomosis (GJA) diameter, and adverse events (AEs). The pooled effect estimates were analyzed using a random-effects model. Meta-regression was conducted to identify associations between GJA diameter and weight loss., Results: Nine ft-TORe (n = 737) and 7 APMC-TORe (n = 888) studies were included. APMC-TORe was performed as a series of sessions (mean number of sessions ranging from 1.2 to 3), whereas ft-TORe was mostly performed as a single session. Percentage total body weight loss was 8.0% (95% confidence interval [CI], 6.3%-9.7%), 9.5% (95% CI, 8.1%-11.0%), and 5.8% (95% CI, 4.3%-7.1%) after ft-TORe and 9.0% (95% CI, 4.1%-13.9%), 10.2% (95% CI, 8.4%-12.1%), and 9.5% (95% CI, 5.7%-13.2%) after APMC-TORe at 3, 6, and 12 months, respectively, with no weight-loss difference at 3 and 6 months (P > .05). Only one severe AE was observed after APMC-TORe and none after ft-TORe. Stricture formation was the most common AE (ft-TORe 3.3% and APMC-TORe 4.8%, P = .38). All were successfully treated by endoscopic dilation or conservative treatment. Smaller aperture of the post-TORe GJA and greater change in the GJA diameter correlated with greater weight loss in APMC-TORe and numerical trends in ft-TORe., Conclusions: This meta-analysis demonstrates that both ft-TORe and APMC-TORe offer significant and comparable weight-loss outcomes with a high and comparable safety profile. However, APMC-TORe typically required multiple endoscopic sessions. Identifying a goal for the final and change in GJA diameter could be useful treatment targets., (Copyright © 2020 American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)