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Keganasan rumah tangga merupakan satu fenomena global dalam masyarakat sejak sekian lama yang begitu kompleks dan perlu ditangani dengan sebaiknya. Artikel ini cuba membincangkan salah satu hasil dapatan daripada keseluruhan kajian yang dilaksanakan bagi meneliti isu penderaan ekonomi dan kesejahteraan kewangan mangsa keganasan rumah tangga. Ia cuba meneroka isu ekonomi yang dihadapi oleh wanita yang menjadi mangsa keganasan rumah tangga daripada perspektif pengamal yang mengendalikan keskes sebegini. Data kajian kualitatif ini diperoleh semasa temubual dan perbincangan kumpulan berfokus (FGD) dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan analisis tematik. Seramai lima belas orang kakitangan atau pengamal di Jabatan Kebajikan Masyarakat telah diminta untuk berkongsi pengalaman mereka berkenaan isu pengendalian kes mangsa keganasan rumah tangga serta konflik kewangan dan kesejahteraan ekonomi wanita yang menjadi mangsa penderaan. Hasil kajian mendapati bahawa isu-isu penderaan ekonomi dan kewangan tertumpu kepada isu pekerjaan dan sumber pendapatan serta kebergantungan si pelaku dan mangsa, isu gaya hidup negatif pelaku dan kawalan pelaku kepada sumber kewangan yang dijana oleh mangsa.

Malaysia bertindak melaksanakan Perintah Kawalan Pergerakan apabila Pertubuhan Kesihatan dunia mengisytiharkan pandemik COVID-19 pada Mac 2020. Lantaran, pembelajaran kaedah tradisional iaitu secara bersemuka tidak dapat dilakukan, maka, pembelajaran atas talian atau e-pembelajaran menjadi satu kemestian di semua institusi pendidikan termasuk peringkat rendah, menengah dan tertiari. Oleh itu, satu kajian telah dilakukan dalam kalangan pelajar Politeknik Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah. Objektif kajian adalah untuk mengenalpasti kesediaan pelajar mengikuti sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran secara atas talian semasa PKP, mengkaji tahap persepsi dan motivasi pelajar serta mengkaji pencapaian akademik pelajar yang mengikuti sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran secara atas talian semasa PKP. Seramai 423 orang responden telah menjawab soal selidik secara atas talian. Data telah dianalisis menggunakan perisian Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) versi 28. Hasil kajian mendapati majoriti responden melaporkan bahawa mereka mempunyai kesediaan untuk mengikuti sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran secara atas talian. Responden juga mempunyai persepsi yang positif terhadap sesi pengajaran dan pembelajaran secar atas talian. Majoriti responden melaporkan bahawa mereka bermotivasi tinggi untuk mengikuti kelas secara atas talian. Kebanyakan responden mencapai prestasi akademik yang diukur melalui PMK adalah memuaskan. Dapatan kajian ini diharapkan dapat membantu pihak yang terlibat terutamanya pendidik dan institusi pengajian dalam merangka modul dan polisi pengajaran dan pembelajaran secara atas talian.

Malaysia aims to increase the participation of students with disabilities in Higher Education. This study examines the experiences of students with disabilities in selected Malaysian universities. Interviews with 14 students and 5 administrators indicated that universities need to play more active roles to eliminate barriers to access and participation. Participants’ accounts showed that the central role of universities lies in providing services, access, organising logistics, creating awareness, ensuring disabled-friendly facilities and developing specific policies to address issues concerning disabilities. Suggestions included increasing funding allocations, having Offices of Disability, and incorporating Universal Design (UD) and Universal Design for Learning (UDL) to increase participation.

Psikologi merupakan satu bidang yang sedang berkembang pesat dan diminati oleh pelbagai lapisan masyarakat adalah kajian mengenai proses mental dan tingkah laku organisma.Buku teks Pengantar Psikologi ini mengandungi 11 bab yang memerihalkan tentang asas psikologi kepada pelajar. Buku ini mendedahkan kepada pembaca bidang-bidang dalam psikologi serta aspek-aspek lain yang dikaji dalam ilmu ini.Topik-topik seperti pengenalan bidang psikologi, sejarah perkembangan, psikologi biologi, psikologi perkembangan manusia, psikologi pembelajaran,kecerdasan dan kebolehan mental, personaliti, motivasi dan emosi, psikologi sosial, psikologi kesihatan dan kecelaruan psikologi telah digarapbersama-sama di dalam sebuah buku teks Pengantar Psikologi agar pelajar dapat memahami dan mengenali diri mereka serta orang sekeliling.Selaku insan yang sentiasa berinteraksi dengan individu yang lain, sama ada di rumah atau tempat kerja, buku ini boleh dimanfaatkan sebaik mungkin dan ianya amat sesuai bagi penuntut dari pelbagai disiplin yang ingin mempelajari serba sedikit tentang ilmu psikologi.

This article discusses the reliability of The spiritual intelligence self-report inventory (Bisri 24) instrument. This instrument was approved by supervisors and pilot studies to obtain the credibility of the instrument among the delinquents. Results showed that the overall reliability value of this instrument was .921.The value of each construct in the instrument was also high although the values obtained were different. Therefore, based on these results, the reliability of the instrument The spiritual intelligence self-report inventory (Bisri 24) is high.

This article discussed the construct validity and reliability of the instrument Family Assessment Device (FAD). This instrument was approved by supervisors and pilot studies to obtain the credibility of the instrument among the delinquents. Results showed that the overall reliability value of this instrument was .971. The value of each construct in the instrument was also high although it was different. So, based on the findings, the reliability of the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD) instrument is high.

The current research was intended to see the impact of locus of control on the depression of elderly in Punjab, Pakistan and the role of religiosity as a moderator.The sample of the present study consisted of 800 older individuals of Pakistan.They were further equally divided into males and females 400 each.Correspondingly, The data on elderly population was chosen from the different areas of Punjab, Pakistan.To measure the level of depression short form of geriatric depression scale was used.To, measure the level of locus of control Levenson Multidimensional locus of control scale was used.The findings of the research describe that there is a positive relation between the level of locus of control and depression of elderly.In contrast, when religiosity as a moderator is introduced then the positive relation becomes negative.Which means the religiosity have a negative impact on depression. The more the person religious, he/she has a low chance of developing depression in its later age.

Population aging is a phenomenon that will hit Malaysia in the 21st century. According to the United Nations (UN) in a report issued in 2007, older person in Malaysia are expected to increase from 7 percent to 14 percent in 2030 within 28 years as opposed to the country Sweden, which took 112 year for the same change. Recognizing this, the Government has formulated the National Policy for the Elderly in 1995. Later this policy and plan has been improved on 5 January 2011 as a Dasar Warga Emas Negara (DWEN). Older Person Activity Center (PAWE) is a development program that has been established under DWEN program since 2001. The establishment of PAWE seen as an alternative to address the issues and challenges of older persons in the present and future. A survey was conducted to see effectiveness PAWE to level of wellbeing among 78 elderly people who were present at the following activities PAWE located at Selangor. This study uses interview and convenience sampling technique. Results show that the respondents level of wellbeing is at a high level and prove effectiveness PAWE can help well-being of the older persons in Malaysia. This directly helps the government to improve the programs in PAWE.

The present study will explore the impact of loneliness and locus of control on depression of elderly with the moderating role of religiosity in Punjab, Pakistan. The sample will be consisted on 800 individuals, 400 individuals from male population and 400 from female population of Punjab. The male population will be further divided on the basis of age, family size, marital status, education and socioeconomic status. Similarly female population will also be further divided on the basis of age, family size, marital status, education and socioeconomic status. Geriatric depression scale will be used to measure the level of depression in Elderly, University of California Los Angles loneliness scale will be used to measure loneliness. Levenson multidimensional Locus of control scale will be used to check the level of locus of control, Religiosity will act as a moderator and will be checked by using religiosity scale. Result of the study will be revealed by using Structural equation modeling technique with the help of Partial Least Square software.

Emotional intelligence comprises of several important elements which enhance the ability of several key competencies.This study attempts to examine the relationship between emotional intelligence, communication skills and information technology skills among university students in Malaysia.Three thousand one hundred and one final year students from 10 public universities in Malaysia were randomly chosen as samples for this study.The Bar-On Emotional Quotient: Short (EQ-i:S) by Bar-On has been utilized for the purpose of measuring emotional intelligence.An inventory by Moreale, Spitzberg and Barga was used to measure communication skills while the Computer Efficacy Scale by Murphy, Coover and Owen was utilised to measure skills in information technology.Results showed that there were positive significant relationship between emotional intelligence and both communication and information technology skills. This study implicates that students with high emotional intelligence will have better command in communication skills and information technology skills.

Hajj is an annual religious activity that involves a large gathering of people performing the same rituals at the same time within a confined space. Human behaviour in this mass gathering is an important issue of serious concern with life-threatening consequences due to extreme congestion.A new scale was developed as part of a study aims to understand observable crowd behaviour during this religious activity. Subscales of observable crowd behaviour included aggressive behaviour, coping behaviour, defensive behaviour, avoidance behaviour, protective behaviour, tolerant behaviour and hazardous behaviour.This article reports on the underlying assumptions of data quality and scaling assumptions under the traditional Likert scaling criteria, and the reliability of the scale.The subjects of the survey included 203 respondents during pre-Hajj training program at three different locations in the country.Methods of testing include item-level descriptive statistics, multitrait scaling/multi-item correlation matrix and scale reliability.The results showed that one item each within subscales of aggressive, coping and tolerant behaviour do not meet the Likert scaling criteria. However, all subscales have acceptable level of reliability.The findings from this study can be used to further improve the scale.

This paper discusses how emotional experiences can be influenced by the social interactions during a spiritual context of Hajj.One of the components of emotion is the triggering events and the interpretation of the triggering events.This paper focuses on potential triggering events related to social interactions in the context of Hajj and debates on potential appraisals that are likely to be associated with these events.It can be argued that these ‘social’ events and appraisals associated with the events are likely to influence emotional experiences during Hajj.Dividing ‘social’ events into interactions in private and public spaces, this paper explores potential emotions in terms of types and intensity that can be elicited by each one of these events.This discussion is important to provide the background for any empirical studies on emotional experiences during Hajj.

The objective of this paper is to report the process of quantifying the content validity of items in five newly developed scales that measure the psychological antecedents of crowds during Hajj (i.e., Personality, Crowd mood, Expected Crowdedness, Perceived Lawlessness, and Hajj Familiarity).The purpose of content validation is to assess whether the items in the scales represent the construct of specific interest, referred to as the concept of content validity for the scales.The content validation exercise helps test developers to assess the extent to which the scale samples or represents all domains of a given concept.A scale may lack content validity if it only assesses a dimension of the construct and fails to take into account the remaining dimensions as have been defined for the respective construct.This exercise quantifies the degree of experts’ agreement (N=15) as to whether the sample of items developed adequately represent a particular dimension of the construct in question, after which the content validity ratio for each item was calculated.The value of content validity ratio serves as important basis for the acceptance of an item in the scales, as it provides the agreement of subject matter experts about the representatives of the items, and, in turn, leads to the index for high content validity.

Premarital pregnancy continues to be a social dilemma within the Malaysian society.The increasing statistics of babies being born without a legally registered father’s name presents the legal, health and welfare problems associated with the effects of premarital pregnancy.The need to study this social problem requires not only a receptive understanding of the problem, but also the researcher’s preparation in terms of skills and mental preparedness.The authors conducted a research aimed at understanding premarital pregnancy experiences of those who decided to seek protection in women shelters.A total of 101 young women and teenagers from five women shelters in Malaysia participated in the research. Ethical consideration is highly essential when conducting research with this group of individuals since the focus of such research may at times touch upon sensitive issues or potentially brings up traumatic experience.The focus of this paper is a discussion of the authors’ experience regarding the ethical dilemma and preparation when conducting the research.This paper intends to highlight important issues that may be of guideline to other researchers who wish to conduct similar research with this group of participants.

Agama adalah cara hidup.Peraturan agama yang terdiri daripada suruhan dan tegahan mempunyai hikmah yang tersendiri di mana ia membentuk cara hidup yang baik dan tersusun sehingga menjadi ummah terbaik (wasatan).Dengan kata lain, kesedaran agama membentuk akhlak atau peribadi Muslim.Sebaliknya, individu yang jauh daripada didikan agama akan terdorong untuk melakukan perkara yang bertentangan dengan norma masyarakat.Ini kerana mereka berperilaku yang dikawal sepenuhnya oleh kemahuan peribadi dan nafsu logik.Tingkahlaku mereka akan lebih mementingkan diri, demi kebaikan untuk diri sendiri tanpa menghirau keperluan atau hak orang lain yang juga perlu dititikberatkan.Tingkahlaku ini akan lebih menyerlah dalam ibadat haji apabila ramai umat Islam berkumpul serentak dan menumpu pada ibadat yang sama. Suasana sesak dan padat mendorong tingkahlaku tertentu muncul dalam kalangan jemaah.Walaupun semua yang hadir adalah untuk melaksanakan ibadat kepada Allah s.w.t., namun tingkahlaku yang terhasil kadangkala di luar jangkaan apabila terlalu ramai manusia berada di sesuatu lokasi dengan cuaca yang panas, kemudahan yang terhad dan kawasan yang sempit. Justeru, kajian telah dilakukan ke atas jemaah haji yang dikhususkan kepada jemaah haji Malaysia dengan memfokus pada lima amalan dalam ibadat haji iaitu ketika wuquf, berada di Mina, melontar di jamrah, tawaf dan saie. Kajian ingin meneliti tahap pendidikan dan kesedaran agama yang mempengaruhi tingkahlaku dan persepsi mereka ke atas jemaah lain. Sebanyak 408 buah kertas soal-selidik telah diedarkan dalam kalangan jemaah haji yang terpilih dengan pemilihan sample dilakukan secara rawak mudah dan selesa (convenience sampling).Dapatan kajian menunjukkan, pendidikan agama tidak begitu mempengaruhi tingkahlaku jemaah sehinggalah mereka mempunyai kesedaran agama yang tinggi. Kesedaran agama dapat memberi nilai tambah kepada tingkahlaku mereka sebelum melakukan sesuatu dengan menyedari tujuan kedatangan untuk beribadat dan mengharapkan i

Penuaan penduduk merupakan satu fenomena yang bakal melanda Malaysia pada abad ke-21 kelak. Negara kita sebagai negara membangun dijangka akan mengalami fenomena penuaan penduduk dalam masa terdekat dan kelajuan Malaysia mencapai status negara tua adalah lebih pesat berbanding negara maju yang lain.Menurut Pertubuhan Bangsa-Bangsa Bersatu (PBB), 2007, warga emas di Malaysia akan berganda daripada 7% kepada 14% dalam masa 28 tahun sahaja berbanding negara Sweden yang telah mengambil masa selama 112 tahun untuk perubahan yang sama.Menyedari hakikat ini, Kerajaan telah menggubal Dasar Warga Tua Negara pada tahun 1995. Dasar dan pelan ini kemudianya telah ditambah baik menjadi Dasar Warga Emas Negara (DWEN) pada 5 Januari 2011.Kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan berkaitan DWEN yang menjadi panduan kepada kerajaan untuk melaksanakan segala perancangan berkaitan program pembangunan warga emas bagi menghadapi fenomena penuaan kelak. Sub topik yang akan dibincangkan adalah berkaitan strategi yang terkandung di dalam DWEN.Selain itu pengwujudan Pusat Aktiviti Warga Emas (PAWE) yang merupakan salah satu program pembangunan yang diwujudkan dibawah DWEN bagi menangani isu dan cabaran warga emas akan turut dibincangkan dalam kertas kerja ini selain topik utama berkaitan DWEN.Sub topik berkaitan PAWE yang akan dibincangkan adalah berkaitan aspek pelaksanaan dan kaitan PAWE kepada kesejahteraan warga emas.Sebagai makluman, PAWE adalah satu alternatif kepada warga emas sebagai tempat untuk mendapatkan perkhidmatan serta menjalankan aktiviti harian dan ia turut menyumbang kepada kesejahteraan warga emas di dalam komuniti.Di Malaysia terdapat 22 buah PAWE yang telah diwujudkan melalui peruntukan projek Rancangan Malaysia ke lapan (8) dan sembilan (9).

Kebanyakan penduduk di Malaysia berpegang kepada sesuatu agama dan mengamalkannya dalam kehidupan seharian.Agama dan spiritual memainkan peranan utama dalam kehidupan dan memandu tingkahlaku mereka agar mencapai kehidupan yang lebih bermakna.Justeru, perhubungan seks luar nikah dilihat sebagai suatu perbuatan yang melanggar ajaran agama dan dipandang negatif. Walau bagaimanapun, pegangan tersebut tidak berjaya menghindarkan remaja daripada terlibat dalam gejala ini.Oleh itu, kajian ini dilakukan bagi mengkaji tahap kecerdasan spiritual dalam kalangan remaja hamil tanpa nikah dan perkaitannya dengan faktor-faktor demografi. Kajian bersifat kuantitatif ini telah menggunakan kaedah tinjauan (survey) melibatkan 101 responden yang ditempatkan di lima buah rumah perlindungan di Malaysia.Hasil kajian dapatan kajian dan implikasi terhadap profesion perbantuan akan dibincangkan dengan terperinci.

Premarital pregnancy is a highly stigmatized phenomenon and may possibly be traumatic as well. However, there are adolescents and young adults who continue to commit premarital sex.The high likelihood of unwanted pregnancy will remain a serious concern in the Malaysian society which could lead to further psychosocial problems such as baby dumping, mental health problems, and health concerns among others.Despite experiencing the trauma and stigma of being pregnant and unmarried, there are teenagers and young women who decide to carry on with the pregnancy.This research seeks to examine the experiences of unmarried teenagers and young women who choose to continue their pregnancy while seeking protection in women’s shelters.The highlight of this paper is the profile of young mothers who sought protection in five women shelters throughout the country. The findings suggest disturbing information regarding sexual experience of young girls such as the early age of first sexual encounter, abortion attempt, the usage (non-usage) of contraception and the influence of the social circle environment.

Roles of nurses are undeniably significant in providing healthcare services to patients together with other healthcare professionals.According to current census, Malaysia has more than 78 thousand registered nurses working at the government and private hospitals.However, our country is still in short of trained nurses every year.The small wage and job dissatisfaction seem to be among the main factors of early retirement and job migration.According to recent findings, emotional intelligence can also affect an individual's perception towards job satisfaction.Hence, the study aims to identify the levels of job satisfaction and emotional intelligence of nurses, to examine the relationships between job satisfaction and emotional intelligence; and also to predict the most dominant dimension of emotional intelligence that can affect job satisfaction.Therefore, a study had been conducted in four government hospitals. A quantitative method was utilized and 383 female nurses were involved.The Job Descriptive Index (JDI) by Smith, Kendall and Hulin (1969) and the Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory: Short (EQ-i:S) by Bar-On (1997) were used.The results showed that the majority of respondents had moderate levels of job satisfaction and emotional intelligence; and there were significant correlations between these two variables. It is hoped that the results and implications of the study enhance the service quality of healthcare professionals.

Malaysia has more than 78 thousand registered nurses working at the government and private hospitals.Nurses who make up 75% of the total healthcare workforce play important parts in providing healthcare services to patients and working with other healthcare professionals. Emotional intelligence allows people to understand the complexity of human interaction and manage his/her own emotions as well as others.Hence, emotional intelligence seems a relevant concept in healthcare, where it is considered vital for nurses to understand patients’ perspectives and engage in relationships that will facilitate successful care management. This article examines the emotional intelligence profiles of nurses. In additions, it also examines the differences in the level of emotional intelligence of nurses based on selected demographic factors.A study had been conducted in four government hospitals using The Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory: Short (EQ-i:S) by Bar-On (1997).Three-hundred and ninety-five male and female nurses were involved as respondents. Results showed that the majority of respondents had high level of emotional intelligence and there were no significant differences of emotional intelligence based on demographic factors.It is hoped that the results and implications of the study will enhance the service quality of healthcare professionals.

Emotional intelligence is the grassroots of all intelligence dimensions. It provides individuals with the ability to understand one’s own emotions, managing it and hopefully be able to understand other people emotions as well.The purpose of this research is to determine the emotional intelligence level of Malaysian university students from demographic aspects (gender, academic background, place of residence, academic courses and cumulative grade point average (CGPA). The importance of studying emotional intelligence in students is imperative since it indicates other competencies such as communication and interpersonal relations. A total of 3101 final year students from 10 public universities were randomly chosen as samples. The Bar-On Emotional Quotient Inventory: Short (EQ-i:S) by Bar-On (1997) has been utilized for the purpose of measuring emotional intelligence. Scores were categorized into high and low emotional intelligence level. Results were analyzed based on demographic factors such as gender, academic background, place of residence, academic courses and cumulative grade point average (CGPA).It was found that in general, majority of students were quite low in terms of emotional intelligence.Other demographic factors showed varying results.This study implicates that more should be done in higher learning institutions to alleviate and enhance students’ emotional intelligence.

Buku ini menghimpunkan kertas kerja terpilih yang dibentangkan di Simposium Kebangsaan Kebajikan Kanak-Kanak 2004 anjuran Universiti Utara Malaysia. Artikel-artikel yang terdapat di dalam buku ini adalah penulisan ahli-ahli akademik institusi pengajian tinggi awam Malaysia yang merangkumi tema berkaitan ke­bajikan dan perkhidmatan sosial serta isu-isu berkai­tan perkembangan dan pendidikan untuk kanak-kanak.Buku ini bukan sahaja sesuai untuk rujukan pelajar-pela­jar insitusi pengajian tinggi, malah golongan profesional yang bekerja dengan kanak-kanak, serta mereka yang berminat dengan isu-isu berkaitan kebajikan kanak-kanak.

Kanak-kanak istimewa memerlukan jagaan yang khusus daripada ibu bapa mereka. Salah satu masalah yang kerap dialami oleh ibu bapa ini ialah kekurangan akses kepada maklumat dan tidak wujudnya sokongan yang boleh meringankan tanggungjawab mereka. Kelompok sokongan merupakan satu saluran bagaimana ibu bapa boleh menjalinkan hubungan dan berinteraksi serta menerima dan memberi sokongan di kalangan mereka yang mempunyai persamaan keperluan dan kepentingan yang khusus. Ibu bapa yang lebih yakin dengan peranan mereka dan menyedari bahawa adanya rakan-rakan yang sedia memberi sokongan, sama ada fizikal, sosial, mahupun emosi, lebih besar kemungkinan dapat memberi jagaan dan bimbingan yang positif kepada anak-anak istimewa mereka. Usaha menubuhkan dan menggerakkkan Kelompok Sokongan Ibu bapa (KSI) boleh timbul daripada pihak organisasi/pusat ataupun ibu bapa sendiri. Apa yang penting ialah kelompok ini mendatangkan faedah kepada organisasi/pusat dan juga ibu bapa. Walau apa pun, manfaatnya sudah pasti dirasai oleh kanak-kanak istimewa itu sendiri. Di antara aktiviti-aktiviti penting yang lazim dijalankan oleh kelompok sokongan termasuklah perkongsian pengalaman, penyebaran maklumat berkaitan jagaan, pendidikan, dan latihan, penubuhan pusat sumber keluarga,menganjurkan ceramah-ceramah mengenai topik-topik yang berkaitan perkembangan dan bimbingan/asuhan anak-anak istimewa, dan perkhidmatan nasihat berhubunga dengan kemudahan-kemudahan serta sumber-sumber yang terdapat di dalam komuniti. Kertas kerja ini akan membincangkan pengalaman daripada penubuhan perlaksanaan satu kelompok sokongan ibu bapa di sebuah pusat harapan bagi kanak-kanak istimewa. Tumpuan diberikan kepada isu-isu yang ditimbulkan oleh ibu bapa di dalam kelompok ini yang seterusnya menjadi landasan kepada penentuan topik-topik perbincangan kelompok.

Students of higher learning institutions inevitably face many problems during their studies. The problems faced are academic stress, time management, adjustment, teaching method, student-lecturer communication, learning environment and heavy workload. Students’ self-esteem and parenting styles also contributed towards such problems. The aims of this study were to identify the contributing factors based on several demographic components, to examine the relations among the factors and to propose some suggestions to help students deal with the problems. A cross-sectional survey was employed and data were collected using questionnaire. A total of 1923 respondents were chosen to participate in the study through stratified-random sampling. Results indicated that adjustment was the most dominant factor among male and female students. Among the most dominant factors based on ethnicity were adjustment, self-esteem, time management, student-lecturer communication and teaching method. There were relationships between academic stress and other factors such as time management, students’ workload, parenting styles, and self-esteem.In addition, adjustment was found to have relationships with time management, self-esteem, learning environment, parenting styles, teaching method, studentlecturer communication and workload. Results also showed female students having a higher level of academic stress compared to their male counterparts. Malay students also had a higher level of academic stress than other ethnic groups. In term of academic discipline, there were significant differences in four factors which were academic stress, workload, learning environment, and parenting styles.