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1. Effect of flow rate and CNM concentration in nanofluid on the performance of convective heat transfer coefficient

Author

Agus Dwi Anggono, Danur Riswanto, Muhaimin Ismoen, Masyrukan, Agus Hariyanto, and Joko Sedyono

Subjects
thermal performance, water-based, carbon nano material (CNM), nanofluids, heat transfer coefficient, nanoparticle concentration, Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570
Abstract

The aim of this study is to investigate the thermal performance of water-based Carbon Nano Material (CNM) nanofluids, particularly in the convective heat transfer coefficient (h) parameter, and to analyze the effects of nanoparticle concentration and flow rate on an experimental heat transfer system. To achieve this, the researchers prepared the nanofluid through a 2-step method. In the first step, we mixed the nanoparticles with the base fluid using a magnetic stirrer to ensure homogenization, with the CNM-Water ratio set at 30, 75, 120, and 150 ppm. In the second step, we characterized the prepared samples, determining their size, composition, and particle morphology through PSA and SEM-EDX examination, as well as measuring their density (ρ) and specific heat (Cp). The experiments were carried out using a flow rate simulation test rig with a data acquisition system, at different flow rates of 0.2, 0.6, 1, and 1.4 L/min. Temperature (T) was measured at the inlet, outlet, and heater to determine the convective heat transfer coefficient value. The study successfully investigated the direct impact of CNM concentration and flow rate, with the results showing a consistent and expected value of the coefficient compared to previous studies. The highest coefficient value was observed at 150 ppm CNM-Water ratio and a flow rate of 1.4 L/min, with a value of 1825.37 W/(m2.K).

Published
2023
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2. PENANGANAN SAMPAH ORGANIK DENGAN BAK SAMPAH KOMPOSTER DI DUSUN SUSUKAN KELURAHAN SUSUKAN KECAMATAN SUSUKAN KABUPATEN SEMARANG

Author

Nur Aklis and Masyrukan Masyrukan

Subjects
garbage separator, composter, compost, liquid fertilizer, Human settlements. Communities, HT51-65
Abstract

Not properly managed of garbage will impact the health, social and economic. It occurs in RT 03, RT 04 RW 1, Susukan Village, Semarang District. Most residents of both RT are still throwing garbage in any place, and others make puddles for landfills. This paper addresses the issue of handling organic waste from the initially discarded in places and wallow carelessly processed into compost and liquid fertilizer in a composter in Susukan Village , District of Semarang. The activities begins with making management team that are divided according to their respective RT, provision of trash for inorganic waste, manufacture and operation of the composter training for the management team, training provision and operation of the composter for residents. The results of activities undertaken resident of RT 03 RW 04 has a system to manage garbage, produce fertilizer so the impact on improving the quality of health and social citizens.

Published
2016
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3. PERBANDINGAN KUALITAS MATERIAL BEARING MERK SKF, FMB, NKK, DAN JAL TERHADAP TERHADAP SIFAT FISIS DAN MEKANIS

Author

Masyrukan Masyrukan, Ngafwan Ngafwan, and Taufik Surya Nugroho

Subjects
Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570
Abstract

ABSTRAK Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas bahan yang digunakan pada empat merk bearing (SKF, FMB, NKK, dan JAL) berdasarkan data-data pengujian sifat- sifat mekanik serta struktur intern (struktur mikro) pada benda uji tersebut dan dapat membandingkan ketahanan dan kekuatan keempat merk bearing tersebut berdasarkan analisis pengujian terhadap kegunaannya. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi pengujian kekerasan menggunakan alat Micro Vickers Hardness Tester, pengamatan struktur mikro menggunakan alat Olympus Metallurgical Microscope dan Olympus Phtomicrographics Systems, serta pengujian kekasaran permukaan menggunakan alat Surfcorder. Pengujian kekerasan maupun struktur mikro dilakukan pada bagian cincin luar bantalan (outer bearing) dan ball bearing. Sedangkan pengujian kekasaran permukaan hanya pada bagian outer bearing. Setelah dilakukan semua pengujian dapat disimpulkan bahwa berdasarkan kekuatan, kekerasan (ketahanan aus) serta kekasaran permukaan pada bagian outer bearing dan ball bearing maka merk yang memenuhi kualitas optimum adalah merk FMB karena sudah mencukupi dengan parameter kerja bantalan sehingga membuat umur pakai lebih panjang pada aspek penggunaan yang sama. Kata kunci: bearing, kekerasan, struktur mikro, kekasaran permukaan ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the quality of materials used in four bearing brands (SKF, FMB, NKK, and JAL) based on data testing of mechanical properties as well as internal structure (micro structure) on the specimens and can compare the endurance and the strength of the four brands bearings based on the test analysis of its usefulness. The tests include hardness testing using the Micro Vickers Hardness Tester tool, microstructure observation using Olympus Metallurgical Microscope and Olympus Phtomicrographics Systems, and surface roughness testing using Surfcorder tool. Hardness testing and microstructure are performed on outer bearing and ball bearing parts. While the surface roughness testing only on the outer bearing. After all tests, it can be concluded that based on strength, hardness (wear resistance) and surface roughness on outer bearing and ball bearings, the brand that meets the optimum quality is the FMB brand because it is sufficient with the bearing working parameters that make longer life on the same aspect of use. Keywords: bearing, strengthness, microstructure, surface roughness

Published
2017

4. PROSES NORMALIZING DAN TEMPERING PADA SCMnCr2 UNTUK MEMENUHI STANDAR JIS G 5111

Author

Agung Setyo Darmawan, Masyrukan Masyrukan, and Riski Ariyandi

Subjects
Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570
Abstract

Baja SCMnCr merupakan baja produk pengecoran produksi PT. Baja Kurnia Klaten. Untuk mengetahui apakah baja ini sudah memenuhi standar kekuatan JIS G 5111 dengan kekuatan tarik minimum 590 N/mm2 , maka dilakukan pengujian struktur mikro dan kekuatan pada raw material. Pengujian kekuatan pada raw material baja ini memperlihatkan hasil dibawah standar yaitu kekuatan tariknya 539.21 N/mm2 . Oleh karena itu dilakukan proses normalizing dan tempering pada baja SCMnCr2 untuk memenuhi standar tersebut. Sesudah dilakukan proses heat treatment Baja SCMnCr2 diuji strukturmikro dan kekuatan tariknya. Foto struktur mikro baja SCMnCr2 setelah dinormalizing dan kemudian ditempering memperlihatkan butir yang lebih kecil dibanding raw materialnya.. Setelah dilakukan normalizing dan tempering harga kekuatan naik menjadi 685.51 N/mm2 dan akan menurun menjadi 664.21N/mm2 ketika waktu penahanan tempering diperlama menjadi 45 menit. Hal ini disebabkan karena meningkatnya ukuran butir ferit dan perlit.

Published
2017

5. PENELITIAN SIFAT FISIS DAN MEKANIS BAJA KARBON RENDAH AKIBAT PENGARUH PROSES PENGARBONAN DARI ARANG KAYU JATI

Author

Masyrukan Masyrukan

Subjects
Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570
Abstract

Pada penelitian ini, proses pengarbonan (carburising) yang dilakukan adalah dengan menambahkan kandungan unsur karbon (C) ke dalam permukaan baja. Sumber karbon diperoleh dari arang kayu jati yang telah ditumbuk halus. Temperatur yang digunakan selama proses pengarbonan adalah 900°C, dengan variasi waktu penahanannya 2 jam, 4 jam, dan 6 jam. Setelah itu didinginkan dengan air (quench). Pembuatan benda uji dilakukan untuk mendapatkan sampel dan supaya memudahkan dalam pelaksanaan penelitian. Pengujian yang dilakukan adalah pengujian struktur mikro, pengujian kekerasan dan pengujian impact.Pengujian kekerasan yang telah dilakukan terhadap material pengarbonan menghasilkan distribusi kekerasan dari permukaan menuju inti, untuk masing-masing waktu penahanan yang berbeda. Untuk waktu penahanan 2 jam mulai HVN 257,5 Kg/mm² sampai 205,3 Kg/mm² menuju inti ; 4 jam mulai HVN 273,1 Kg/mm² sampai 204,4 Kg/mm² menuju inti ; 6 jam mulai HVN 274,6 Kg/mm² sampai 204,4 Kg/mm² menuju inti.Hasil pengamatan foto struktur mikro melalui microscope olympus photomicrographic system dihasilkan foto struktur mikro untuk raw material dan carburising sama terdapat ferit dan perlit, untuk yang dikarburising struktur mikronya, yaitu ferit dan perlit. Semakin lama proses karburising, semakin banyak pula kandungan perlitnya yang mengakibatkan semakin tingginya tingkat kekerasan. Hasil pengujian impak menunjukkan rata-rata harga impak untuk spesimen raw material = 0,350 J/mm2, waktu penahanan 2 jam = 1,013 J/mm2 , spesimen waktu penahanan 4 jam = 0,600 J/mm2, spesimen waktu penahanan 6 jam = 1,590 J/mm2.

Published
2017

6. PERBANDINGAN KUALITAS RUBBER BUSHING PRODUK PASARAN DENGAN BUATAN SENDIRI

Author

Masyrukan Masyrukan and Muhammad Alfian Nurul Azmi

Subjects
Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570
Abstract

Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk meneliti dan mengetahui kualitas karet peredam per daun baik itu yang ada di pasaran maupun buatan sendiri, dalam hal ini untuk mengetahui kualitas tersebut, dilakukan beberapa pengujian yaitu pengujian tarik, tekan, kekerasan Shore A, Komposisi Kimia dengan metode SEM dan uji foto makro, dari pengujian tersebut didapatkan hasil sesuai dengan formulasi atau campuran yang ada. Dalam penelitiannya penulis menggunakan metode perbandingan, yaitu dengan melakukan pengujian yang telah ditentukan,pengujian itu berlaku untuk produk buatan sendiri maupun produk pasaran, yang kemudian dari pengujian tersebut diperoleh hasil atau data, yang berbeda-beda dan bervariasi, ini menunjukkan bahwa tiap produk atau sampel memiliki kualitas yang berbeda-beda pula. Berdasarkan pengujian dan penelitian yang dilakukan maka diperoleh hasil yang bervariasi, dari pengujian tarik pada produk pasaran memiliki kekuatan tegangan tarik 22,35 kg sedangkan pada produk buatan sendiri nilai kekuatan tarik yang paling tinggi terdapat pada sampel C yaitu 12,12 kg, pada pengujian tekan antara produk buatan sendiri dengan produk yang ada di pasaran memiliki selisih kekuatan tekan antara 0,7 mm sampai 5,95 mm dari ke semua spesimen, dilihat dari ukuran baik itu panjang, tebal dan lebarnya, dari uji kekerasan diperoleh hasil pada produk pasaran atau spesimen pembanding memiliki nilai kekerasan 71 shore A dan pada spesimen buatan sendiri nilai kekerasan tertinggi terdapat pada sampel C yaitu 40,57, haisl dari pengujian komposisi kimia dengan metode uji SEM total kandungan komposisi kimia yang terkandung pada spesimen produk pasaran lebih tinggi daripada buatan sendiri yaitu 11,42%, sedangkan spesimen buatan sendiri terdapat pada sampel A yaitu 10,84%, dari pengujian foto struktur makro yang terlihat pada gambar spesimen produk pasaran pada permukaan agak kasar dibandingkan dengan produk buatan sendri yang halus dan padat.

Published
2016

7. Pengaruh Waktu Tahan Celup Terhadap Nilai Kilap dan Ketebalan Lapisan Tembaga Pada Proses Elektoplating Baja Karbon Tinggi

Author

Tri Widodo Besar Riyadi, Masyrukan Masyrukan, and Bibit Sugito

Subjects
Mechanical engineering and machinery, TJ1-1570
Abstract

Elekroplating merupakan proses pelapisan logam dengan logam lain dalam satu larutan elektrolit dimana arus searah yang dialirkan melalui anoda dan katoda akan menimbulkan rekasi reduksi dan oksidasi sehingga bahan anoda akan tergerus dan melapisi bahan katoda. Kualitas produk elektroplating sangat dipengaruh oleh beberapa faktor antara lain jenin bahan yang digunakan dan pemilihan parameter celup terhadap kilap dan ketebalan lapisan. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menggunakan material plat baja karbon tinggi sebagai katoda dan tembaga sebagai anoda. Persiapan bahan katoda dilakukan mulai dari memotong bahan, meratakan dan pemolesan permukaan dengan mesin dan kertas gerinda. Proses plating dilakukan dengan voltase 7 volt, dan menggunakan variasi waktu tahan celup selama 5, 7 dan 9 detik. Benda hasil elektroplating kemudian diuji nilai kilap lapisannya dengan gloss meter dan ketebalan lapisannya dengan thickness gauge. Hasil pengujian kilap menunjukkan bahwa dengan waktu plating 5 detik diperoleh nilai kilap sebesar 134,7 GU, waktu plating 7 detik diperoleh nilai kilap 133,7 GU dan waktu plating 9 detik diperoleh nilai kilap sebesar 129,5 GU. Sedangkan pengujian ketebalan menunjukkan bahwa dengan waktu plating 5 detik diperoleh ketebalan lapisan sebesar 0202 μm, waktu plating 7 detik diperoleh ketebalan sebesar 0,270 μm dan waktu plating 9 detik diperoleh ketebalan sebesar 0,294 μm.

Published
2016

11. The effect of differences in in-gate diameter size on the structure and mechanical properties of aluminum (Al) castings in pipe products with a red sand mold.

Author

Masyrukan, Mawarda, Irwan, Wiyono, Sunardi, Sugito, Bibit, Kultsum, Ummi, Pratiwi, Dessy Ade, Gustiani, Desi, and Istiqamah, Nur Annisa

Subjects
*FOUNDRY sand, *CHEMICAL testing, *METAL hardness, *SILICON alloys, *ALUMINUM, *ALUMINUM alloys, *INDIUM gallium zinc oxide
Abstract

The purpose of this research is to determine the effect of casting mold inlet (In-Gate) diameter on chemical composition, porosity defects, micro-photographs, and casting product hardness. The casting sample material is made from scrap aluminum and poured into the mold in 5mm, 7.5mm, and 10mm In-Gate diameter variations. Chemical composition testing, porosity observation, microphotography with a metallography microscope, and Brinell hardness testing (ASTM E– 10 standard) are used to collect data for this investigation. The result indicates that the sample aluminum alloy silicon metal (Al-Si) material has an 81.86 percent aluminum content and a 9.84 percent silicon content. The 10mm In-Gate size has the highest hardness value of 98.68 BHN, while the 7.5mm In-Gate has a hardness value of 84.46 BHN. Due to porosity defects that can reduce metal hardness, the 5mm In-Gate has the lowest hardness value of 73.07 BHN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. Effect of cooling media variations on physical properties and hardness of brass (CuZn) casting products using CO2 sand mold.

Author

Ngafwan, Masyrukan, Purwohandoyo, Dany Andrean, Partono, Patna, Malik, Abdul, and Riza, Ramzul Irham

Subjects
*FOUNDRY sand, *COPPER-zinc alloys, *ZINC alloys, *MECHANICAL properties of metals, *BRASS, *COPPER
Abstract

The metal will experience a phase change during the casting process, both changes in physical and mechanical properties caused by the freezing process. Changes in these properties are influenced, among others, by the cooling medium used during the cooling process. Because the physical and mechanical properties of a metal are very important in machinery construction, in this study different cooling media were used, namely: seawater, well water, and SAE 40 oil. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of different cooling media on seawater, water wells, and SAE 40 oil on the chemical composition of brass cast products, hardness, and microstructure of brass castings. From the hardness test, the test object with seawater media has a better hardness value than well water and SAE 40 oil. From the results of testing the chemical composition, there are 18 elements, but only 4 elements have the most influence on cast brass, namely: Cu, Zn, Fe, and Sn are the most dominant. Judging from the elements present in this material, it can be classified as brass, and zinc alloy (Cu-Zn). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Mechanical properties medium carbon steel surface ST 60 results carburizing process using media wood charcoal.

Author

Riza, Ramzul Irham, Ngafwan, Fais, Ubaidillah Nur, Masyrukan, Nugraha, Nurmuntaha Agung, and Malik, Abdul

Subjects
CARBON steel, CHARCOAL, WOOD, CARBURIZATION, VICKERS hardness, HARDNESS testing, SURFACE temperature
Abstract

The carburizing process involves adding carbon components to the steel surface at an austenite temperature to harden it. The goal of this study was to see how the process of carburizing ST 60 steel at 825°C for 4 hours using wood charcoal that had been converted into carbon affected the microstructure and surface hardness. Microstructure testing is used to detect the steel's phase after it has been carburized. The goal of hardness testing is to assess the material's hardness following the carburizing process. The carbon sieving procedure produced a dry carbon size of 100 mesh with a particle size of 554.621m2 and a wet carbon size of 500 mesh with an average area of 113.542m2 of carbon particles. Based on the findings of the tests, it can be assumed that following the carburizing process, the number of carbon particles would decrease. Carbon was lost at a rate of 33.58 percent, with an average particle area of 554.621m2. Carbon with an average particle area of 113.542m2 was lost by 9.91 percent. According to the Vickers hardness test, the raw material's average hardness from points 1 to 5 is 280.42kg/mm2. Steel with a hardness of 1-5 points is carburized with an average area of 554.621m2 carbon particles with a density of 214.56kg/mm2. The area of carbon particles in carburizing steel is 113.542m2, and the average hardness value is 245kg/mm2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. The effect of hydrochloric acid (HCl) on the structure and wear resistance of aluminum slag in the making of grinding stones.

Author

Kultsum, Ummi, Febriantoko, Bambang Waluyo, Santoso, Ibrahim Aji Eko Imam, Masyrukan, Partono, Patna, Pratiwi, Dessy Ade, Gustiani, Desi, and Istiqamah, Nur Annisa

Subjects
WEAR resistance, HYDROCHLORIC acid, PHENOLIC resins, MANUFACTURING processes, MECHANICAL wear
Abstract

A grinder is a tool used in manufacturing processes such as finishing workpieces and smoothing cuts or welding products, and it can also be used to sharpen metal tools such as knives and chisels with an abrasive material. In this study, the wear rate of a self-manufactured grinding stone made from aluminum slag treated with HCl as the abrasive material was compared to grinding stones from previous studies and commercial grinding stones sold on the market using the ASTM D-3702 standard wear test. The self-manufactured grinding stone was made of liquid and powder phenolic resins, cast aluminum slag, water and HCl-treated meshes 12 and 40, and fiberglass mesh fibers. The mixture is then combined with a predetermined composition. The mixture is then placed in a mold and compacted for 5 minutes with a press machine with a force of 15 tons, allowed to stand at room temperature for at least 24 hours, and sintered at 140 degrees Celsius for 1 hour. The results showed that the average wear value of the grinding stone with HCl treatment is higher than the wear value of the grinding stone with water treatment, which is 0.0664 gram/minute and 0.0129 gram/minute, respectively. The commercial grinding stone had the lowest average wear value of 0.0031 gram/minute. Surprisingly, the wear value of commercial grinding stones is lower than the wear rate of self-designed grinding stones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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15. Methods of gravity die casting and gravity investment casting on density, porosity, microstructure, and hardness in aluminum casting.

Author

Partono, Patna, Prakoso, Dian Angga, Masyrukan, Wiyono, Sunardi, Pratiwi, Dessy Ade, Kultsum, Ummi, Istiqamah, Nur Annisa, and Gustiani, Desi

Subjects
INVESTMENT casting, ALUMINUM castings, DIE castings, HARDNESS, GRAVITY, COPPER-zinc alloys
Abstract

This study examines the density, porosity, microstructure, and hardness of aluminum raw materials from used pistons using gravity dies casting and gravity investment casting processes. Gravity die casting and gravity investment casting at a casting temperature of 750°C were employed in this research. Emission Spectrometry is used to determine the chemical composition of a substance (ASTM E-1251). Porosity was measured using macro photography and a digital microscope, with the findings of each mold temperature fluctuation compared. The Rockwell hardness tester is used to determine the hardness of a material (ASTM E-384). A metallographic microscope was used to examine the microstructure of the castings (ASTM E3-11). According to ASTM B-85 standards, this material comprises 71.05% (Al) composition, 13.65% (Si), 7.178% (Cu), 3.4508% (Fe), 1.7870% (Zn), and additional components up to 100%, and is categorized as Aluminum Al-Si (Aluminum-Silicon)A413.0. The density of the test object was calculated using gravity die casting at 2.6972 gr/cm3 and gravity investment casting at 2.6764 gr/cm3. The quantity of porosity impacts the density value, according to the results of porosity observations. The phase (Al) and the phase (Zr) are observed in the microstructure results (Si). In gravity investment casting, the beta phase granules (Si) appear to be larger and fewer. The beta phase granules seem smaller and more abundant in gravity die casting. The hardness value is influenced by the size, number, and dispersion of beta granules. Hardness testing with gravity investment casting yielded a hardness value of 86.84 HVN, according to the results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. THE EFFECT OF HEAT TREATMENT AND PRESSING AT 400 °C WITH COCONUT SHELL CHARCOAL MEDIA ON THE HARDNESS, MICROSTRUCTURE, AND DENSITY OF AL-SI ALLOYS

Author

Masyrukan Masyrukan, Agung Setyo Darmawan, Agus Hariyanto, Pramuko Ilmu Purboputro, Hanif Alfian Ihwanudin, and Muhammad Ibnu Pamungkas

Subjects
General Engineering
Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of the heat treatment process and pressing on hardness, density, and morphological changes in the microstructure of Al-Si alloys. In this study, the medium used was coconut shell charcoal with a mesh size of 80 at a heat treatment process of 400 °C and a holding time of 75 minutes. The pressing was carried out with a load of 150 N. The result of this research is an increase in the hardness of the Al-Si alloy with an average value of 133 VHN after the Heat Treatment and pressing process. In the microstructure, there is a morphological change in the Al-Si alloy with the reduction of Si elements and also an increase in the density value after the heat treatment process.

Published
2022

17. Secondary Material Casting of Al-Si for Making Handle Brake in Variation of Duct

Author

Patna Partono, Narendra Hidayat, null Masyrukan, and Muttaqin Rahmat Pangaribawa

Subjects
Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, General Materials Science
Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of the mold casting duct variations on shrinkage, porosity defects, density, hardness, and chemical composition of materials. The primary raw material uses melting secondary aluminium through a small-scale smelting furnace. Research study about three kinds of ducts: triangular duct, rectangular duct, and circular duct. The testing chemical composition uses an emission spectrometer. Research founds defects by comparing the dimensions of the original object with the specimen results of each duct variation. The density value calculates porosity defects. ASTM E10 standard Brinell test measures the hardness. Besides, ASTM E3 standard test quantifies the microstructure of the product. The highest average shrinkage is the triangular ducts at 3.68%. The least significant numbers of porosity were in rectangular ducts of 2.964 gr/ml. Higher the density value, the denser the material, and the more negligible the porosity. The density of the material affects the hardness material obtained from the results of the Brinell test. The hardness of the Brinell test brought that the rectangular duct with 102.5 BHN was the most enormous. In addition, the results showed that the chemical composition mainly contained mostly chemical elements (Al) 87.1% as the main chemical ingredient and (Si) 9.51%.

Published
2022

18. Comparison of Microstructure, Yield Strength, Tensile Strength, and Modulus of Elasticity between Gray Cast Iron and Nodular Cast Iron

Author

Agung Setyo Darmawan, Agus Dwi Anggono, Agus Yulianto, Bambang Waluyo Febriantoko, null Masyrukan, and Abdul Hamid

Subjects
Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, General Materials Science
Abstract

Gray cast iron has graphite flakes which makes it relatively weak and brittle. The addition of magnesium to gray cast iron resulted in nodular cast iron which has spherical graphite. The aim of this research was to investigate the changes in the microstructure and strength due to the addition of magnesium to gray cast iron. Microstructure observations were made by metallographic testing using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Tensile testing was carried out to measure the yield strength, tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity. The addition of magnesium to gray cast iron was observed to increase the yield strength by 179%, tensile strength by 238%, and decrease the modulus of elasticity by 94%.

Published
2022

22. Friction Coefficient Effect on Stress-Strain Distribution of Ceramic Coated Aeroengine Substrate Using Finite Element Analysis

Author

null Masyrukan, Muniandy Nagentrau, Saifulnizan Jamian, and Abdul Latif Mohd Tobi

Subjects
Mechanics of Materials, Mechanical Engineering, General Materials Science, Condensed Matter Physics
Abstract

This study presents the investigation of friction coefficient effect on stress-strain distribution of ceramic coated aeroengine specific material substrate using explicit finite element method. Half-cylinder-on-flat contact configuration subjected to normal and tangential loading is examined. Elastic ceramic coated elastic-plastic Ti-6Al-4V and Super CMV substrates are assigned to study the influence of different friction coefficient on contact pressure, von Mises stress, tangential stress and equivalent plastic strain distribution. The outcome of present research is quite revealing that stress-strain distribution response is remarkable for sliding step which experiencing significant traction compared to normal loading step. Higher possibilities of coated substrate equivalent plastic strain (plastic deformation) are registered under higher friction coefficient cases due to substantial resistance to overcome relative to tangential motion of contacting bodies.

Published
2022

24. Effect of N2 and CH4 gas flow rates on plasma nitrocarburized commercially pure titanium surface hardness.

Author

Darmawan, Agung Setyo, Purboputro, Pramuko Ilmu, Sugito, Bibit, Febriantoko, Bambang Waluyo, Masyrukan, Suprapto, and Sujitno, Tjipto

Subjects
GAS flow, PLASMA flow, HARDNESS, ARTHROPLASTY, TITANIUM, METALLOGRAPHIC specimens
Abstract

When used as a friction-prone component, commercially pure titanium must be hardened. Plasma nitrocarburizing can increase the hardness of commercially pure titanium. N2 and CH4 gases are used as nitrogen and carbon ion sources in plasma nitrocarburizing. The objective of this work is to investigate how the ratio of N2 to CH4 gas flow rates affects the thickness and hardness of the thin layer created. At a pressure of 1.6 mbar and a temperature of 450 oC, plasma nitrocarburizing was carried out for 4 hours with different gas flow rate ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4. To analyze the microstructure and surface composition of the material, a metallographic test was performed using a ZEISS EVO Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectrometry. To determine the compounds formed, a composition test was conducted using X-ray Diffraction (XRD) with the brand Pw3040 60 X Pert Pro Mpd Diffractometer. The Matsuzawa MMT-X7 Micro Vickers Hardness tester was used to measure surface hardness. Hardness testing on commercially pure titanium nitrocarburized plasma with variations in gas flow rate ratios of 1:1, 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4 resulted in hardness of 312.68 VHN, 134.96 VHN, 111.56 VHN, 109.3 VHN, respectively. The metallographic test by using Scanning Electron Microscope results showed the formation of a thin layer. The thicknesses were 1.88 µm, 1.69 µm, 1.65 µm, and 1.44 µm. This thin layer was confirmed by a composition test formed from TiN and TiC compounds. The plasma nitrocarburizing technique increased the hardness of commercially pure titanium, according to the test results, however, when the flow rate of CH4 was increased by a ratio of 1:2, 1:3, and 1:4, there was a decrease in hardness compared to a ratio of 1:1. Plasma nitrocarburized commercially pure titanium has the potential to be used in the medical field as a material for hip joint arthroplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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25. Influence of Artificial Aging in Aluminum Silicon Alloy

Author

Masyrukan and Agung Setyo Darmawan

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Artificial aging, Silicon alloy, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, Aluminium, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

One of the techniques to increase the hardness of aluminum alloy is by aging process. The aging process includes natural aging and artificial aging processes. This study aims to investigate the effect of artificial aging on the hardness of aluminum silicon alloys. Artificial aging is carried out at two temperature variations, namely 150 and 200 °C. Metallographic test using optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were performed to observe the microstructure and deposits of silicon. Investigation of the constituent elements of aluminum silicon was carried out using the Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy technique. The mechanical properties of aluminum silicon alloys examined were hardness before aging and hardness after artificial aging at temperatures of 150 and 200 °C. Hardness testing is conducted by Rockwell B hardness testing. The hardness test results showed that the hardness before the aging process was 61.1 HRB, the hardness after artificial aging at 150 °C was 69.11 HRB and the hardness after artificial aging at 200 °C was 80.36 HRB. There was an increase in hardness after the artificial aging process was carried out.

Published
2021

26. Effect of Magnesium on the Strength, Stiffness and Toughness of Nodular Cast Iron

Author

Agus Yulianto, Agus Dwi Anggono, Pramuko Ilmu Purboputro, Rizka Dwi Setiawan, Agung Setyo Darmawan, Wijianto, Masyrukan, and Novan Dwi Kartika

Subjects
Toughness, Materials science, Magnesium, Mechanical Engineering, Stiffness, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 020303 mechanical engineering & transports, 0203 mechanical engineering, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, engineering, medicine, General Materials Science, Graphite, Cast iron, medicine.symptom, Composite material, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

Nodular cast iron is a type of cast iron with spheroid graphite surrounded by ferrite matrix and / or pearlite. The size of the graphite and its matrix affects the mechanical properties of the cast iron. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of Magnesium composition on strength, stiffness and toughness of nodular cast iron. Magnesium addition is performed by adding FeSiMg alloys. After that, the composition of magnesium was investigated by using spectrometry. Then tensile test was conducted to obtain the yield strength, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. Further, impact test was performed to determine the impact energy needed to break the material. The result showed an increase of yield strength, tensile strength and stiffness and a decrease of toughness.

Published
2020

28. Effect of Increasing Salinity to Corrosion Resistance of 5052 Aluminum Alloy in Artificial Seawater

Author

Masyrukan, Waluyo Adi Siswanto, Abdul Hamid, Pramuko Ilmu Purboputro, Agung Setyo Darmawan, and Agus Dwi Anggono

Subjects
010302 applied physics, Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Sodium, Alloy, Metallurgy, Artificial seawater, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, Corrosion, Salinity, chemistry, Mechanics of Materials, 0103 physical sciences, engineering, 5052 aluminium alloy, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

The purpose of this research is to investigate the corrosion resistance of 5052 aluminum alloy to increasing salinity in sea water. Salt spray chamber was used to measure and compare the corrosion rate of 5052 aluminum alloy with weight reduction method. The experiment was conducted by varying the three concentrations of NaCl solution to compare the corrosion rate of the metal. The test specimens used were aluminum alloy 5052 with length of 6 cm, width of 4 cm and thickness of 0.7 cm. The tests were carried out for 48 hours, aggressive NaCl solutions with concentrations of 3.5%, 4% and 5% were used as an artificial sea water corrosion medium and the temperature in the test chamber was maintained at 35 °C. Corrosion rate for 3.5% NaCl solution, 4% NaCl solution and 5% NaCl solution were 0.197 mm/year, 0.541 mm/year and 0.558 mm/year, respectively. The higher concentration leads to greater corrosion rate.

Published
2019

29. PENGARUH VARIASI TEMPERATUR AIR SEBAGAI PENDINGINAN TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK CORAN ALUMINIUM DENGAN MEDIA CETAKAN PASIR CO2

Author

M Masyrukan

Abstract

Logam akan mengalami perubahan fasa selama proses pengecoran, baik perubahan sifat fisis maupun mekanik yang disebabkan oleh proses pembekuan. Perubahan sifat ini antara lain dipengaruhi media pendingin yang digunakan pada saat proses pendinginan. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk membandingkan variasi temperatur pendinginan terhadap kekerasan hasil coran aluminium karena sifat fisis dan mekanis suatu logam sangat penting dalam kontruksi permesinan. Maka dalam penelitian ini digunakan media pendinginan yang berbeda yaitu : Air dengan suhu 15°C, Air dengan suhu 27°C dan Air dengan suhu 55°C. Dari pengujian kekerasan benda uji dengan media pendinginan air suhu 15°C mempunyai nilai kekerasan yang lebih baik dibanding air dengan suhu 27°C dan 55°C. Dari hasil pengujian komposisi kimia terdapat 17 unsur, tetapi hanya 4 unsur yang paling berpengaruh pada aluminium cor yaitu Si, Fe, Cu, dan Zn yang paling dominan. Dilihat dari unsur yang ada pada material ini dapat digolongkan logam aluminium paduan seng (Al-Zn).

Published
2019

30. Comparison of Microstructure, Yield Strength, Tensile Strength, and Modulus of Elasticity between Gray Cast Iron and Nodular Cast Iron

Author

Darmawan, Agung Setyo, Anggono, Agus Dwi, Yulianto, Agus, Febriantoko, Bambang Waluyo, Masyrukan, and Hamid, Abdul

Abstract

Gray cast iron has graphite flakes which makes it relatively weak and brittle. The addition of magnesium to gray cast iron resulted in nodular cast iron which has spherical graphite. The aim of this research was to investigate the changes in the microstructure and strength due to the addition of magnesium to gray cast iron. Microstructure observations were made by metallographic testing using Scanning Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy. Tensile testing was carried out to measure the yield strength, tensile strength, and modulus of elasticity. The addition of magnesium to gray cast iron was observed to increase the yield strength by 179%, tensile strength by 238%, and decrease the modulus of elasticity by 94%.

Published
2022
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31. Secondary Material Casting of Al-Si for Making Handle Brake in Variation of Duct

Author

Partono, Patna, Hidayat, Narendra, Masyrukan, and Pangaribawa, Muttaqin Rahmat

Abstract

This study aims to determine the effect of the mold casting duct variations on shrinkage, porosity defects, density, hardness, and chemical composition of materials. The primary raw material uses melting secondary aluminium through a small-scale smelting furnace. Research study about three kinds of ducts: triangular duct, rectangular duct, and circular duct. The testing chemical composition uses an emission spectrometer. Research founds defects by comparing the dimensions of the original object with the specimen results of each duct variation. The density value calculates porosity defects. ASTM E10 standard Brinell test measures the hardness. Besides, ASTM E3 standard test quantifies the microstructure of the product. The highest average shrinkage is the triangular ducts at 3.68%. The least significant numbers of porosity were in rectangular ducts of 2.964 gr/ml. Higher the density value, the denser the material, and the more negligible the porosity. The density of the material affects the hardness material obtained from the results of the Brinell test. The hardness of the Brinell test brought that the rectangular duct with 102.5 BHN was the most enormous. In addition, the results showed that the chemical composition mainly contained mostly chemical elements (Al) 87.1% as the main chemical ingredient and (Si) 9.51%.

Published
2022
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32. PERBANDINGAN KUALITAS MATERIAL BEARING MERK SKF, FMB, NKK, DAN JAL TERHADAP TERHADAP SIFAT FISIS DAN MEKANIS

Author

Taufik Surya Nugroho, Ngafwan Ngafwan, and Masyrukan Masyrukan

Subjects
lcsh:Mechanical engineering and machinery, lcsh:TJ1-1570
Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui kualitas bahan yang digunakan pada empat merk bearing (SKF, FMB, NKK, dan JAL) berdasarkan data-data pengujian sifat- sifat mekanik serta struktur intern (struktur mikro) pada benda uji tersebut dan dapat membandingkan ketahanan dan kekuatan keempat merk bearing tersebut berdasarkan analisis pengujian terhadap kegunaannya. Pengujian yang dilakukan meliputi pengujian kekerasan menggunakan alat Micro Vickers Hardness Tester, pengamatan struktur mikro menggunakan alat Olympus Metallurgical Microscope dan Olympus Phtomicrographics Systems, serta pengujian kekasaran permukaan menggunakan alat Surfcorder. Pengujian kekerasan maupun struktur mikro dilakukan pada bagian cincin luar bantalan (outer bearing) dan ball bearing. Sedangkan pengujian kekasaran permukaan hanya pada bagian outer bearing. Setelah dilakukan semua pengujian dapat disimpulkan bahwa berdasarkan kekuatan, kekerasan (ketahanan aus) serta kekasaran permukaan pada bagian outer bearing dan ball bearing maka merk yang memenuhi kualitas optimum adalah merk FMB karena sudah mencukupi dengan parameter kerja bantalan sehingga membuat umur pakai lebih panjang pada aspek penggunaan yang sama. Kata kunci: bearing, kekerasan, struktur mikro, kekasaran permukaan ABSTRACT This study aims to determine the quality of materials used in four bearing brands (SKF, FMB, NKK, and JAL) based on data testing of mechanical properties as well as internal structure (micro structure) on the specimens and can compare the endurance and the strength of the four brands bearings based on the test analysis of its usefulness. The tests include hardness testing using the Micro Vickers Hardness Tester tool, microstructure observation using Olympus Metallurgical Microscope and Olympus Phtomicrographics Systems, and surface roughness testing using Surfcorder tool. Hardness testing and microstructure are performed on outer bearing and ball bearing parts. While the surface roughness testing only on the outer bearing. After all tests, it can be concluded that based on strength, hardness (wear resistance) and surface roughness on outer bearing and ball bearings, the brand that meets the optimum quality is the FMB brand because it is sufficient with the bearing working parameters that make longer life on the same aspect of use. Keywords: bearing, strengthness, microstructure, surface roughness

Published
2017

33. Effect of cooling in the injection molding process of acetabular cup of hip joint prosthesis

Author

Agung Setyo Darmawan, Bambang Waluyo Febriantoko, Pramuko Ilmu Purboputro, Masyrukan, Alfan Amri, and Abdul Hamid

Subjects
Polypropylene, Materials science, Molding (process), Radius, medicine.disease_cause, chemistry.chemical_compound, Femoral head, medicine.anatomical_structure, chemistry, Mold, medicine, Water cooling, Femur, Composite material, Shrinkage
Abstract

Hip Joint is located between the hip and the base of the upper femur. Diseases such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis can cause total replacement of hip joints with prosthesis. Hip joint prosthesis’s components consist of acetabular cup, femoral head, and femoral stem. One of acetabular cup material is a polymer. Therefore, injection molding is one of the processes that can be used to produce it. The problem that often arises is a product defect due to shrinkage. Regarding to shrinkage, the research will investigate the effect of water cooling on the shrinkage of the product’s size in the injection molding process of making acetabular cup. The work begins with the manufacture of molds, then two injections of liquid polypropylene are carried out into the mold. The first injection is for mold without cooling and the second with cooling. The resulting shrinkage is then compared. The shrinkage measurement of the outer part of the product is taken from three directions, namely the product’s height, the product’s outer diameter in the direction of y axis, and the outer diameter of the product in the direction of z axis. For the interior of the product with a half-ball shape, shrinkage measurements are carried out by measuring the average radius. Test result shows that shrinkage in injection molding testing with cooling is lower than injection molding testing without cooling. The average shrinkage of the product’s height on the test with cooling is 1.224%, while the test without cooling is 1.591%. The average shrinkage of the outer diameter in the direction of y axis on the test with cooling is 1.857%, while the test without cooling is 2.32%. The average shrinkage of the outer diameter in z axis on the test with cooling is 1.83%, while the test without cooling is 2.369%. Measurement the average shrinkage of the product’s radius is also obtained the similar trend. The test with cooling obtains the average shrinkage of the product’s radius of 0.825%, while the test without cooling is 1.267%.

Published
2019

34. Post shrinkage comparison of plastic injection products by using solid mold, laminated steel tooling mold, and soft tooling mold

Author

Masyrukan, Abdul Hamid, Bambang Waluyo Febriantoko, and Agung Setyo Darmawan

Subjects
Polypropylene, Conformal cooling channel, Materials science, Conformal map, Molding (process), medicine.disease_cause, law.invention, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, law, Mold, Lamination, medicine, Water cooling, Composite material, Shrinkage
Abstract

Plastic product development requires dimensional accuracy in the product. One method to improve the accuracy of dimension is by making a mold that has a uniform cooling channel following the contour of the cavity, so that the direction of product shrinkage on cooling cycle can be uneven. The existing solid-type mold has several limitations on the cooling channel system. Meanwhile, products with complicated shapes mostly require cooling channel that follows the shape of the cavity (conformal). Type of conformal cooling channels can be made by the method of manufacturing each layer laminate plate arranged with adhesive into a single unit (laminated steel tooling) and the method of using a resin molding mixed with metal powder in which there is a pipe that follows the shape of the cavity (soft tooling). The present study compares the shrinkage of plastic products made from three types of mold, namely: a solid mold with straight cooling channel, laminated steel tooling with conformal cooling channel, and soft tooling with conformal cooling channel. Analysis of shrinkage measurement products includes high direction and inside diameter and outside diameter of elongated cylindrical products. Three types of mold were made, namely mold with a straight cooling channel, laminated steel tooling mold with conformal channel, and soft tooling mold with conformal channel. Three specimens were made from each mold. Plastic material for injection was Polypropylene. The volume of cooling channels between the straight-type channel and conformal was set equal. Data were collected after the injected products were stored for 24 hours. The results show that the percentage of both shrinkage lamination conformal cooling system and soft tooling is smaller when compared to that of a straight cooling system. Moreover, the shrinkage difference of diameter dimension on the X axis and Y axis is insignificant. It proves that the lamination conformal cooling systems and soft tooling are more optimal in controlling the shrinkage dimensions of the product.

Published
2019

35. Friction Coefficient Effect on Stress-Strain Distribution of Ceramic Coated Aeroengine Substrate Using Finite Element Analysis

Author

Masyrukan, Nagentrau, Muniandy, Jamian, Saifulnizan, and Mohd Tobi, Abdul Latif

Abstract

This study presents the investigation of friction coefficient effect on stress-strain distribution of ceramic coated aeroengine specific material substrate using explicit finite element method. Half-cylinder-on-flat contact configuration subjected to normal and tangential loading is examined. Elastic ceramic coated elastic-plastic Ti-6Al-4V and Super CMV substrates are assigned to study the influence of different friction coefficient on contact pressure, von Mises stress, tangential stress and equivalent plastic strain distribution. The outcome of present research is quite revealing that stress-strain distribution response is remarkable for sliding step which experiencing significant traction compared to normal loading step. Higher possibilities of coated substrate equivalent plastic strain (plastic deformation) are registered under higher friction coefficient cases due to substantial resistance to overcome relative to tangential motion of contacting bodies.

Published
2022
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39. Hardness and wear properties of laminated Cr-Ni coatings formed by electroplating

Author

Masyrukan and Tri Widodo Besar Riyadi

Subjects
Materials science, Carbon steel, Chrome plating, Metallurgy, chemistry.chemical_element, Electrolyte, engineering.material, Nickel, chemistry, Coating, Plating, visual_art, engineering, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Composite material, Electroplating, Layer (electronics)
Abstract

In this work, a laminated structure of Cr-Ni coating was prepared using electroplating on carbon steel substrates. Two baths of chrome and nickel electrolyte solutions were prepared to deposit laminated Cr and Ni layers. Chrome was firstly plated on a steel substrate in constant routes whereas nickel was subsequently electroplated on the Cr coating using varied plating times. The effect of Ni plating time on the thickness, hardness and wear specific of the Ni layer was investigated. The results show that an increase of plating times increased the thickness and hardness of the Ni layer, but reduced the wear specific. This study showed that Ni can be a potential candidate as a material replacement for chromium plating maintenance.

Published
2017

40. Mechanical properties of Cr-Cu coatings produced by electroplating

Author

Masyrukan, Sarjito, Tri Widodo Besar Riyadi, and Ricky Ary Riswan

Subjects
Materials science, Carbon steel, Metallurgy, chemistry.chemical_element, engineering.material, Copper, Corrosion, Chromium, chemistry, Coating, Ultimate tensile strength, engineering, Electroplating, Layer (electronics)
Abstract

Hard chromium coatings has long been considered as the most used electrodeposited coating in several industrial applications such as in petrochemistry, oil and gas industries. When hard coatings used in fastener components, the sliding contact during fastening operation produces high tensile stresses on the surface which can generate microcracks. For component used in high oxidation and corrosion environment, deep cracks cannot be tolerated. In this work, a laminated structure of Cr-Cu coating was prepared using electroplating on carbon steel substrates. Two baths of chrome and copper electrolyte solutions were prepared to deposit Cr as the first layer and Cu as the second layer. The effect of current voltages on the thickness, hardness and specific wear rate of the Cu layer was investigated. The results show that an increase of the current voltages increased the thickness and hardness of the Cu layer, but reduced the specific wear rate. This study showed that the use of Cu can be a potential candidate as a laminated structure Cr-Cu for chromium plating.Hard chromium coatings has long been considered as the most used electrodeposited coating in several industrial applications such as in petrochemistry, oil and gas industries. When hard coatings used in fastener components, the sliding contact during fastening operation produces high tensile stresses on the surface which can generate microcracks. For component used in high oxidation and corrosion environment, deep cracks cannot be tolerated. In this work, a laminated structure of Cr-Cu coating was prepared using electroplating on carbon steel substrates. Two baths of chrome and copper electrolyte solutions were prepared to deposit Cr as the first layer and Cu as the second layer. The effect of current voltages on the thickness, hardness and specific wear rate of the Cu layer was investigated. The results show that an increase of the current voltages increased the thickness and hardness of the Cu layer, but reduced the specific wear rate. This study showed that the use of Cu can be a potential candidate as...

Published
2017

42. Post Shrinkage Comparison of Plastic Injection Products by Using Solid Mold, Laminated Steel Tooling Mold, and Soft Tooling Mold.

Author

Febriantoko, Bambang Waluyo, Darmawan, Agung Setyo, Masyrukan, and Hamid, Abdul

Subjects
PLASTICS, TOOL-steel, MOLDING (Founding), NEW product development, METAL powders, EXPANSION & contraction of concrete
Abstract

Plastic product development requires dimensional accuracy in the product. One method to improve the accuracy of dimension is by making a mold that has a uniform cooling channel following the contour of the cavity, so that the direction of product shrinkage on cooling cycle can be uneven. The existing solid-type mold has several limitations on the cooling channel system. Meanwhile, products with complicated shapes mostly require cooling channel that follows the shape of the cavity (conformal). Type of conformal cooling channels can be made by the method of manufacturing each layer laminate plate arranged with adhesive into a single unit (laminated steel tooling) and the method of using a resin molding mixed with metal powder in which there is a pipe that follows the shape of the cavity (soft tooling). The present study compares the shrinkage of plastic products made from three types of mold, namely: a solid mold with straight cooling channel, laminated steel tooling with conformal cooling channel, and soft tooling with conformal cooling channel. Analysis of shrinkage measurement products includes high direction and inside diameter and outside diameter of elongated cylindrical products. Three types of mold were made, namely mold with a straight cooling channel, laminated steel tooling mold with conformal channel, and soft tooling mold with conformal channel. Three specimens were made from each mold. Plastic material for injection was Polypropylene. The volume of cooling channels between the straight-type channel and conformal was set equal. Data were collected after the injected products were stored for 24 hours. The results show that the percentage of both shrinkage lamination conformal cooling system and soft tooling is smaller when compared to that of a straight cooling system. Moreover, the shrinkage difference of diameter dimension on the X axis and Y axis is insignificant. It proves that the lamination conformal cooling systems and soft tooling are more optimal in controlling the shrinkage dimensions of the product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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43. Effect of Cooling in The Injection Molding Process of Acetabular Cup of Hip Joint Prosthesis.

Author

Darmawan, Agung Setyo, Febriantoko, Bambang Waluyo, Purboputro, Pramuko Ilmu, Masyrukan, Hamid, Abdul, and Amri, Alfan

Subjects
ARTIFICIAL joints, ACETABULUM (Anatomy), ARTIFICIAL hip joints, HIP joint, TOTAL hip replacement, INJECTION molding
Abstract

Hip Joint is located between the hip and the base of the upper femur. Diseases such as osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis can cause total replacement of hip joints with prosthesis. Hip joint prosthesis’s components consist of acetabular cup, femoral head, and femoral stem. One of acetabular cup material is a polymer. Therefore, injection molding is one of the processes that can be used to produce it. The problem that often arises is a product defect due to shrinkage. Regarding to shrinkage, the research will investigate the effect of water cooling on the shrinkage of the product’s size in the injection molding process of making acetabular cup. The work begins with the manufacture of molds, then two injections of liquid polypropylene are carried out into the mold. The first injection is for mold without cooling and the second with cooling. The resulting shrinkage is then compared. The shrinkage measurement of the outer part of the product is taken from three directions, namely the product's height, the product's outer diameter in the direction of y axis, and the outer diameter of the product in the direction of z axis. For the interior of the product with a half-ball shape, shrinkage measurements are carried out by measuring the average radius. Test result shows that shrinkage in injection molding testing with cooling is lower than injection molding testing without cooling. The average shrinkage of the product’s height on the test with cooling is 1.224%, while the test without cooling is 1.591%. The average shrinkage of the outer diameter in the direction of y axis on the test with cooling is 1.857%, while the test without cooling is 2.32%. The average shrinkage of the outer diameter in z axis on the test with cooling is 1.83%, while the test without cooling is 2.369%. Measurement the average shrinkage of the product's radius is also obtained the similar trend. The test with cooling obtains the average shrinkage of the product's radius of 0.825%, while the test without cooling is 1.267%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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46. Effect of Magnesium on the Strength, Stiffness and Toughness of Nodular Cast Iron

Author

Darmawan, Agung Setyo, Purboputro, Pramuko Ilmu, Yulianto, Agus, Anggono, Agus Dwi, Wijianto, Masyrukan, Setiawan, Rizka Dwi, and Kartika, Novan Dwi

Abstract

Nodular cast iron is a type of cast iron with spheroid graphite surrounded by ferrite matrix and / or pearlite. The size of the graphite and its matrix affects the mechanical properties of the cast iron. This research was conducted to investigate the effect of Magnesium composition on strength, stiffness and toughness of nodular cast iron. Magnesium addition is performed by adding FeSiMg alloys. After that, the composition of magnesium was investigated by using spectrometry. Then tensile test was conducted to obtain the yield strength, tensile strength and modulus of elasticity. Further, impact test was performed to determine the impact energy needed to break the material. The result showed an increase of yield strength, tensile strength and stiffness and a decrease of toughness.

Published
2020
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47. Effect of Ni Underlayer Thickness on The Hardness and Specific Wear Rate of Cu in The Laminated Ni/Cu Coatings Produced by Electroplating.

Author

Riyadi, Tri Widodo Besar, Sarjito, Anggono, Agus Dwi, Masyrukan, and Eryawan, Aan

Subjects
NICKEL, COPPER, ELECTROPLATING, CARBON steel, HARDNESS testing
Abstract

In this work, the effect of the Ni underlayer with different thicknesses on the mechanical properties of Cu surface was studied. A laminated structure of Ni/Cu layer was prepared using electroplating on carbon steel substrates. The nickel layer was firstly plated on the steel using a current voltage of 2.3 V and varied plating times using 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes. The copper layer was subsequently electroplated on the nickel surface using a fixed current voltage of 1.9 V and plating time of 30 minutes. The result showed that XRD pattern observed on the surface of Ni/Cu coating indicates the formation of Cu single phase instead of Ni/Cu alloy. Application of plating time variations on the Ni underlayer using 30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 minutes produced an average thickness of Ni underlayer with 19.9, 48.4, 50.1, 62.1 and 64.9 µm, respectively. The thickness of Cu as the outer layer for different thickness of Ni was kept constant at approximately 23.66 µm. The hardness measurement on the Cu underlayed by Ni deposited using different plating times indicated that the hardness of Cu was 91.63, 93.20, 97.93, 102.60 and 106.1 HV, respectively. Whereas, the specific wear rates of Cu were 6.59 × 10-6, 6.11 × 10-6, 5.99 × 10-6, 3.63 × 10-6 and 3.55 × 10-6 mm3/kg.m, respectively. The present study showed that the mechanical properties of Cu layer surface with a fixed layer thickness were influenced by the application Ni underlayer with different thicknesses. An increase of Ni underlayer thickness has increased the hardness and specific wear rate of the Cu layer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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48. Hardness and Wear Properties of Laminated Cr-Ni Coatings Formed By Electroplating.

Author

Riyadi, Tri Widodo Besar and Masyrukan

Subjects
*SURFACE coatings, *ELECTROPLATING, *CARBON steel, *SUBSTRATES (Materials science), *LAMINATED materials
Abstract

In this work, a laminated structure of Cr-Ni coating was prepared using electroplating on carbon steel substrates. Two baths of chrome and nickel electrolyte solutions were prepared to deposit laminated Cr and Ni layers. Chrome was firstly plated on a steel substrate in constant routes whereas nickel was subsequently electroplated on the Cr coating using varied plating times. The effect of Ni plating time on the thickness, hardness and wear specific of the Ni layer was investigated. The results show that an increase of plating times increased the thickness and hardness of the Ni layer, but reduced the wear specific. This study showed that Ni can be a potential candidate as a material replacement for chromium plating maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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49. Effect of Increasing Salinity to Corrosion Resistance of 5052 Aluminum Alloy in Artificial Seawater

Author

Darmawan, Agung Setyo, Siswanto, Waluyo Adi, Purboputro, Pramuko Ilmu, Anggono, Agus Dwi, Masyrukan, and Hamid, Abdul

Abstract

The purpose of this research is to investigate the corrosion resistance of 5052 aluminum alloy to increasing salinity in sea water. Salt spray chamber was used to measure and compare the corrosion rate of 5052 aluminum alloy with weight reduction method. The experiment was conducted by varying the three concentrations of NaCl solution to compare the corrosion rate of the metal. The test specimens used were aluminum alloy 5052 with length of 6 cm, width of 4 cm and thickness of 0.7 cm. The tests were carried out for 48 hours, aggressive NaCl solutions with concentrations of 3.5%, 4% and 5% were used as an artificial sea water corrosion medium and the temperature in the test chamber was maintained at 35 °C. Corrosion rate for 3.5% NaCl solution, 4% NaCl solution and 5% NaCl solution were 0.197 mm/year, 0.541 mm/year and 0.558 mm/year, respectively. The higher concentration leads to greater corrosion rate.

Published
2019
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