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Abstrak: Kemampuan regulasi emosi sangat dibutuhkan bagi siswa. Dengan memiliki regulasi emosi yang baik, remaja dapat mengelola emosi negatif dan berperilaku dengan cara yang dapat diterima oleh orang lain, dapat mengatasi perasaan sedih, kecewa, dan putus asa sehingga dapat menghindari terjadinya depresi. Tugas utama Bimbingan dan Konseling yaitu memberikan layanan bantuan kepada peserta didik untuk mencapai perkembangan dirinya secara optimal. Salah satu media dalam pemberian layanan yang diharapkan dapat menciptakan suasana yang menarik dan kondusif yaitu dengan penggunaan media flash flipbook. Dalam penelitian ini menggunakan metode research and development (RnD) model Borg & Gall yang meliputi 7 langkah. Penelitian ini dilakukan di kelas SMA 1 Batujajar dengan melibatkan 38 siswa. Berdasarkan hasil validasi ahli materi diperoleh hasil penilaian memiliki skor rata-rata sebesar 79,3% dan termasuk kategori layak. Berdasarkan validasi ahli media diperoleh hasil rata-rata sebesar 89% dan termasuk kategori sangat layak. Berdasarkan hasil validasi dari ahli praktisi diperoleh skor rata-rata sebesar 87,7% dan termasuk kategori sangat layak. Hasil persentasi dari pemahaman siswa terkait regulasi emosi dapat dikategorikan Paham dengan rata-rata sebesar 58%, sehingga Ini membuktikan bahwa media flash flipbook layak digunakan dalam meningkatkan keterampilan regulasi emosi siswa. Abstract: Emotional regulation skills are very necessary for students. By having good emotional regulation, teenagers can manage negative emotions and behave in a way that is acceptable to others, can overcome feelings of sadness, disappointment and despair so that they can avoid depression. The main task of Guidance and Counseling is to provide assistance services to students to achieve optimal personal development. One of the media in providing services that is expected to create an attractive and conducive atmosphere is the use of flash flipbook media. In this research, the Borg & Gall model of research and development (RnD) method is used, which includes 7 steps. This research was conducted in the class of SMA 1 Batujajar involving 38 students. Based on the validation results from material experts, the assessment results showed that the average score was 79.3% and was included in the feasible category. Based on media expert validation, the average result was 89% and was included in the very feasible category. Based on validation results from expert practitioners, an average score of 87.7% was obtained and was included in the very feasible category. The percentage results of students' understanding regarding emotional regulation can be categorized as Understanding with an average of 58%, so this proves that the flash flipbook media is suitable for use in improving students' emotional regulation skills.

Larval control is remain the best method in reducing the high incidence of Dengue Fever, but temephos-resistance has also been reported. Lime (Citrus aurantifolia) leaves are thought to be a promising material to replace temephos. This study aim to identify the larvicidal effect of lime leaves ethanolic extract on Aedes aegypti. Lime leaves were extracted by maceration method and PEG 400 diluent was added as a dispersing agent. Total of 400 Aedes aegypti larvae at stages III-IV were enrolled. At 24 hours of observation, mortality rate of Aedes aegypti larvae in group with extract concentration of 0.3% and 0.4% was 92% and 100%, respectively. From post-hoc Mann Whitney test, p-value of

Abstrak: Penelitin ini bertujuan untuk mengeksplorasi kedamaian positif (positive peace) siswa SMP Yayasan Atikan Sunda Bandung. Ruang lingkup penelitian ini mencakup kedamaian positif (positive peace) yang mencakup peacebuilding, peacemaking dan peacekeeping. Metode penelitian yang digunakan deskriptif dengan pendekatan kuantitatif. Sampel penelitian ini terdiri dari 340 siswa SMP Yayasan Atikan Sunda Bandung. Pengumpulan data menggunakan instrument kedamaian positif. Analisis data menggunakan statistik deskriptif. Hasil penelitian ini pertama, profil kedamaian positif (positive peace) siswa SMP Yayasan Atikan Sunda berada pada kategori tinggi. Kedua, gambaran profil aspek kedamaian positif ialah dua diantara tiga aspek kedamaian positif berada pada kategori tinggi antara lain aspek peacekeeping, disusul aspek peacebuilding, sedangkan aspek peacemaking berada pada kategori sedang. Ketiga, berdasarkan hasil wawancara dengan guru di SMP Yayasan Atikan Sunda menunjukkan bahwa pendekatan yang dilakukan guru mata pelajaran terutama rumpun ilmu sosial dan muatan lokal memiliki dampak pada kedamaian positif (positive peace) siswa dengan pelbagai pendekatan pembelajaran seperti dialog, komunikasi, dan role play. Adapun dalam muatan lokal yang berbasis kebudayaan sunda terdapat nilai-nilai kedamaian yang disemai dalam kegiatan pencak silat dan permainan tradisional. Abstract: Purpose of the research to explore the positive benefits of students at the Yayasan Atikan Sunda Junior High School in Bandung. The scope of this research includes positive peace which includes peacebuilding, peacemaking, and peacekeeping. The research method used is descriptive with a quantitative approach. The sample of this study consisted of 340 students of SMP Yayasan Atikan Sunda, Bandung. Data collection uses positive goodness instruments. Data analysis used descriptive statistics. The results of this study first, the positive profile (positive peace) students of SMP Yayasan Atikan Sunda is in the high category. Second, the good profile picture between the two positive aspects is in the category, including the peace aspect, while the peace aspect is in the category. Third, based on the results of interviews with teachers at Yayasan Atikan Sunda, it shows that the approach taken by subject teachers, especially social science groups and local content, has a positive impact on students with various learning approaches such as dialogue, communication, and role play. As for local content based on Sundanese culture, there are life values that are sown in pencak silat activities and traditional games

Introduction Involvement of a chemokine known as C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 or CXCL10 in the immunopathology of leprosy has emerged as a possible immunological marker for leprosy diagnosis and needed to be investigate further. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess CXCL10’s potential utility as a leprosy diagnostic tool and evaluation of therapy. Methods This systematic review is based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. A thorough search was carried out to find relevant studies only in English and limited in humans published up until September 2023 using PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library database with keywords based on medical subject headings (MeSH) and no exclusion criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was utilized for quality assessment, while the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized Studies (RoBANS) was utilized for assessing the risk of bias. Additionally, a narrative synthesis was conducted to provide a comprehensive review of the results. Results We collected a total of 115 studies using defined keywords and 82 studies were eliminated after titles and abstracts were screened. We assessed the eligibility of the remaining 26 reports in full text and excluded four studies due to inappropriate study design and two studies with incomplete outcome data. There were twenty included studies in total with total of 2.525 samples. The included studies received NOS quality evaluation scores ranging from 6 to 8. The majority of items in the risk bias assessment, using RoBANS, across all included studies yielded low scores. However, certain items related to the selection of participants and confounding variables showed variations. Most of studies indicate that CXCL10 may be a helpful immunological marker for leprosy diagnosis, particularly in leprosy reactions as stated in seven studies. The results are better when paired with other immunological markers. Its effectiveness in field-friendly diagnostic tools makes it one of the potential biomarkers used in diagnosing leprosy patients. Additionally, CXCL10 may be utilized to assess the efficacy of multidrug therapy (MDT) in leprosy patients as stated in three studies. Conclusion The results presented in this systematic review supports the importance of CXCL10 in leprosy diagnosis, particularly in leprosy responses and in tracking the efficacy of MDT therapy. Using CXCL10 in clinical settings might help with leprosy early diagnosis. Yet the findings are heterogenous, thus more investigation is required to determine the roles of CXCL10 in leprosy while taking into account for additional confounding variables.

African Swine Fever Virus (ASF) is a viral disease in pigs that affects the supply of food of animal origin. ASF is caused by a double-stranded DNA virus of the family Asfarviridae and genus Asfivirus, which can be transmitted and causes various bleeding events in the internal organs and is accompanied by a very high mortality rate. This disease is generally characterized by fever, lack of appetite, and bleeding from the skin, back, and legs. Even though this virus is not zoonotic and cannot be transmitted to humans, it is fatal and causes tremendous economic loss. This disease spread throughout Asia in a relatively short time in 2019, and it has even been reported that this disease has entered Indonesia since the end of 2019. The impact of this infection resulted in socioeconomic changes in both rural and urban communities, which could then affect the country's economy at the macro level. Several countries are needed in their efforts to control ASF, one of which is to increase quarantine, limit the traffic of pigs, and reduce the population of sick pigs exposed to the ASF virus.

Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a kind of vector transmitted disease, by Aedes aegypti. It is one of major public health problem around the world, including Indonesia, because it may lead to epidemics and death in a short time. The use of plant extracts as bio-larvicidal is thought to be a promising solution, and one of them is the betel leaves (Piper betle L). The addition of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a diluent is thought may increase the dispersity of plant extract in the water which is larval medium of growth. Objectives: To determine the bio-larvicidal potential of 95% ethanolic extract of betel leaves (EEBL) in addition of PEG 400 diluent on the Aedes aegypti larval mortality. Material and Method: Betel leaves were extracted by maceration using 95% of ethanol. There are two kinds of EEBL concentration used, 0.2% dan 0.4%. PEG 400 was also added as diluent. The samples in this study were Aedes aegypti larvae at instar III-IV, with a total of 400 larvae. Evaluation was performed at 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours. The data obtained was then analyzed by Kruskall Wallis test and post-hoc Mann Whitney test. Result: In all of treatment groups, larval mortality was reached 100% at 24 hours. From the Kruskall Wallis test, p-value obtained was 0.05, and the p-value obtained in the comparation between treatment groups and negative control group was

Background: Antibiotics are a treatment used to treat bacterial infections. However, the many antibiotic-resistant bacteria caused researchers to use plants as an alternative treatment, one of which is garlic (Allium sativum L.). Objective: Previous research stated that the diameter of the inhibition zone by garlic had a more excellent value than the antibiotics used. Hence, the researchers were interested in conducting an antibacterial test of the ethyl acetate fraction of garlic against the growth of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Methods: This study was an experimental laboratory using the posttest-only control group design method in the Kruskal Wallis test data analysis. Results: the results of the inhibition analysis with p-value < 0.05 in each test group for both Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. With the Mann-Whitney test, the results obtained a p-value

This study aims to 1) describe the application of Problem Based Learning (PBL)-based power point teaching materials which can improve mathematics learning outcomes for elementary students, and 2) describe the increase in mathematics learning outcomes after applying learning using Problem Based Learning power point teaching materials (PBL). This type of research is Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subjects of this research were fifth grade students at MI AL Mustofa Surabaya, totaling 23 students consisting of 11 male students and 12 female students. The results showed that 1) the application of Problem Based Learning-based power point teaching materials was carried out for two cycles according to the stages of the PBL model and 2) power point teaching materials could improve student learning outcomes, namely in the first cycle the percentage of completeness 69.56% entered good category and in cycle II the percentage of completeness 89.95% is in the very good category. Suggestions from this study are PBL-based power point teaching materials so that they can be applied to other subjects and materials.

Background: The incidence of antibiotic resistance as a consequence of antibiotic abuse becomes a barrier in accessing effective care. The ability of bacteria to form biofilms is an internal factor that can prevent contact between bacteria and antibiotic agents, such as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Providencia stuartii. The use of plant extracts as an antibiotic is thought to be a promising solution. One of the plants that can be used as an antibiotic is the clove (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr & Perry). Objective: This study aims to determine the effectiveness of 96% ethanol extract of clove leaves (Syzygium aromaticum (L.) Merr & Perry) as an antibacterial agent against Staphylococcus epidermidis and Providencia struartii. Methods: This was an experimental analytic study with a post-test only control group design method on 4 treatment groups with a concentration of 2.5%; 5%; 10%; and 20%, as well as a positive control group and a negative control group, with 6 times repetition for each germ. Data analysis used the Kruskal Wallis test and the Post Hoc Mann Whitney test. Results: The results of the Kruskal Wallis test on the two research germs obtained p value

Honey is a sweet substance produced by honey bees from the nectar of flowers or other parts of plants. Honey obtained from Bone, in South Sulawesi, has been extracted and tested for antibacterial activity and toxicity. Honey was macerated with methanol to obtain a crude extract. Methanol crude extract was then partitioned successively with n-hexane and ethyl acetate to obtain ethyl acetate and methanol fraction. Antibacterial activity test was performed by agar diffusion method against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Methanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, and methanol fraction showed an inhibition zone against E. coli at 10.10, 10.05, and 8.40 mm, respectively with amoxicillin as a positive control (20.05 mm). Also against S. aureus, inhibition zone was obtained at 11.90, 9.30, 8.60, and 13.70 mm for methanol extract, ethyl acetate fraction, methanol fraction, and amoxicillin, respectively. The greatest inhibition zone was obtained from methanol extract against E. coli and S. aureus, both including the strong category. The LC50 value of methanol extract and methanol fraction was 273.57 µg/ml and 765.66 µg/ml, respectively, categorized as toxic against Artemia salina, while ethyl acetate fraction was not toxic.

BACKGROUND: Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) is known to release a specific exosome. NPC-derived exosome (NPC-Exo) could carry p53. However, information regarding the type of p53 carrier on NPC-Exo remains limited. This study aims to introduce our important findings regarding the type of p53 NPC-Exo cargo. METHODS: Serum from patients with NPC were prepared for exosome isolation with Seramir Exoquick by following the manual instructions. RT-PCR was conducted to determine the expression levels of latent membrane protein 1 (LMP-1) and p53 in the exosome isolate. Partial sequencing of p53 amplicon was conducted to determine mutation type of p53. RESULTS: There were 8 patients enrolled in this study. According to RT-PCR results, the expression levels of LMP-1 and p53 varied in the NPC-Exo isolate. Based on sequencing analysis, 1 case of p53 mutation was noticeable. CONCLUSION: According to current results, the NPC-derived exosome potentially carries not only wild type but also mutant type p53. Further research is needed to explore deeper the effect of the mutant type p53 as an exosome carrier in the clinical application. KEYWORDS: Nasopharyngeal cancer, exosome, p53, mutation

Currently, the World is hit by the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact of this pandemic, is not only life threatening, but also has an economic downturn that is evenly distributed in almost all countries, including Indonesia. This study aims to determine and analyze the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the existence of business actors in traditional markets. The polls and samples of this study were chicken and egg traders at Manonda Central Market, Palu. Primary data was obtained through distributing questionnaires to research respondents. Based on the results of descriptive analysis and test one-way anova, it was found that there were differences in profit, sales turnover, and the number of buyers before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. This means that the COVID-19 pandemic threatens the existence of business actors in traditional markets. This research is useful for policy makers in maintaining the existence of business actors during the current COVID-19 pandemic

In the past few years, phytochemicals from natural products have gotten the boundless praise in treating cancer. The promising role of cruciferous vegetables and active components contained in these vegetables, such as isothiocyanates, indole-3-carbinol, and isothiocyanates, has been widely researched in experimental in vitro and in vivo carcinogenesis models. The chemopreventive agents produced from the cruciferous vegetables were recurrently proven to affect carcinogenesis throughout the onset and developmental phases of cancer formation. Likewise, findings from clinical investigations and epidemiological research supported this statement. The anticancer activities of these functional foods bioactive compounds are closely related to their ability to upregulate p53 and its related target genes, e.g., p21. As the “guardian of the genome,” the p53 family (p53, p63, and p73) plays a pivotal role in preventing the cancer progression associated with DNA damage. This review discusses the functional foods bioactive compounds derived from several cruciferous vegetables and their use in altering the tumor-suppressive effect of p53 proteins. The association between the mutation of p53 and the incidence of gastrointestinal malignancies (gastric, small intestine, colon, liver, and pancreatic cancers) is also discussed. This review contains crucial information about the use of cruciferous vegetables in the treatment of gastrointestinal tract malignancies.

THE EFFECT OF EDUCATION ON PREVENTION AND EARLY DETECTION OF BREAST CANCER IN MAJELIS AL-‘ARABIYYAT MOTHER, PALU CITY. Breast cancer has a high prevalence. Breast cancer patients often come with an advanced stage so that the prognosis is poor, because at least women do early detection for breast cancer at an early stage. This study aims to increase public knowledge about the importance of routine breast self-examination (BSE) for early detection of breast cancer. The method used for problem solving in this activity is education followed by discussion. This activity was attended by 50 participants consisting of women reciting the Al-'Arabiyyat recitation. The results of the research on the level of BSE knowledge before and after education experienced an increase in knowledge from 6.67 to 7.72 using the paired sample t-test, the statistical test results obtained by a value of p = 0.011, this shows a change in knowledge about BSE before and after education. Conclusion: The effect of education is very effective in increasing the knowledge of assembly women about BSE as an early detection of breast cancer in majelis al-‘arabiyyat, the city of Palu.

Copyright of Environmental & Social Management Journal / Revista de Gestão Social e Ambiental is the property of Environmental & Social Management Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The involvement of Islamic Microfinance Institutions (IMFI) in building the national economy is paramount to help the poor. However, provision of access and services to lower-level households can potentially conflict with the sustainability of the institutions. This study analyses the social outreach factors that determine financial and social efficiencies. To reach the set goal and solve this issue, we used mixed methodology combining quantitative (statistical instruments, such as Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and multivariate analysis) and qualitative approaches (interviews to clarify or deepen the existing information). The assessment of the dependent variables is influenced by proxies of depth, breadth, length, scope, and cost. The results showed that the average loan instalments and the number of offices and branches significantly influence financial and social efficiency. The age of the institution only has an effect on financial efficiency. Simultaneously, profit orientation, the amount and type of financing and the amount and type of savings only have a high impact on social efficiency, whereas the impact of fund collection and cost per borrower is insignificant. There is a strong positive correlation between the two dependent variables. The influence of independent variables on financial and social efficiency is significant with the coefficient of determination 23.1274 % and 53.2941 %, respectively.

Culex quinquefasciatus acts as a vector for Filariasis disease. The transmission of this disease can be prevented by cutting the life cycle of these mosquitoes at the larvae phase. Tobacco leaf contains an alkaloid, flavonoid, essential oil, saponin, and tannin which can kill Culex quinquefasciatus larvae. This study is a laboratory experiment with a post-test only controlled group design. This study used the larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus third-instar larvae. Six hundreds larvae were divided into 6 groups and 4 repetitions (each consisted of 25 larvae), i.e. negative control (distilled water + CMC), tobacco leaf ethanol extract (EEDT) with 0.025%; 0.05%; 0.075% and 0.1% doses and positive control (temephos). The number of dead larvae was counted at 6, 12, 18, and 24 hours after treatment. The results of the Kruskal-Wallis test showed p-value = 0.000, followed by the Mann-Whitney Post-hoc test, which resulted in all four doses of EEDT significantly differed compared to the negative control. However, 0.1% concentration was insignificantly different than the positive control. This showed that the ethanol extract of Nicotiana tabacum L. was effective in killing Culex quinquefasciatus larvae and EEDT with 0.1% concentration had the same potential as temephos as a larvicide.

Background: DHF still become health problem in Indonesia. In Central Java, especially Sukoharjo district, Angka Bebas Jentik (ABJ) is still under national standard. Some factors that influence the existence of larvae are the level of income and knowledge about PSN. Consumerism triggered escalation amount of mosquito breeding sites due to ownership of non-degradable goods like plastic containers, paper cups, and so on. Consumerism is related to income. Objective: To determine corelation between income levels and knowledge about PSN with existence of Aedes aegypti larvae in Karangtengah Village. Method: Designed with cross-sectional approach. The population were residences that has Family Card in Karangtengah Village with a total of 1660 households taken 65 households. The independent variable is the level of income and knowledge about PSN. Dependent variable is existence of larvae. Data analysis used Chi-Square test and contingency coefficient (C). Results: This study showed income with the existence of larvae (container index) (p = 0.009, C = 0.308) and PSN knowledge in the presence of larvae (container index) (p = 0.005, C = 0.332). The results of data analysis show that there is a correlation between income and knowledge about PSN with the existence of larvae. Conclusion: This study showed there is a relationship between income and knowledge about PSN with the existence of larvae.

Essential oils (EOs) are volatile and concentrated liquids extracted from different parts of plants. Bioactive compounds found in EOs, especially terpenes and terpenoids possess a wide range of biological activities including anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antiallergic. Available literature confirms that EOs exhibit antimicrobial and food preservative properties that are considered as a real potential application in food industry. Hence, the purpose of this review is to present an overview of current knowledge of EOs for application in pharmaceutical and medical industries as well as their potential as food preservatives in food industry.

Tujuan: Menggambarkan pengukuran anatomis tuba Eustachius normal pada pencitraan Computed Tomography (CT) tulang temporal. Metode: Ini adalah penelitian deskriptif tuba Eustachius normal dengan mengukur diameter pretimpani, sudut tubotimpani dan panjang pars kartilago tuba Eustachius normal menggunakan teknik rekonstruksi multiplanar pada pencitraan CT tulang temporal dari 58 sampel di beberapa rumah sakit di Makassar. Semua sampel dibagi lagi menjadi kelompok laki-laki dan perempuan, serta kelompok sisi kanan dan kiri. Kami juga membagi sampel menjadi 6 kelompok usia. Hasil: Rerata diameter pretimpani pada kelompok pria adalah 4,62 mm dan pada kelompok wanita adalah 4,36 mm. Rerata diameter pretimpani adalah 4,59 mm pada kelompok sisi kanan dan 4,36 mm pada kelompok sisi kiri. Rerata sudut tubotimpani adalah 143,5o pada kelompok pria dan 143,3o pada kelompok wanita. Nilai rerata sudut tubotimpani tidak memiliki perbedaan di kedua sisi telinga. Rerata panjang pars kartilago tidak memiliki perbedaan antara kelompok pria dan wanita dan juga antara sisi kanan dan kiri. Simpulan: Diameter pretimpani lebih besar pada kelompok pria dan kelompok sisi kanan. Sudut tubotimpani dan panjang kartilago tuba Eustachius tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan pada semua kelompok. Kata kunci: tuba eustachius, diameter pretimpani, sudut tubotimpani, panjang kartilago, CT tulang tempor

Tuberculosis has become a major health problem globally. This is worsened by the emergence of resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis showing ability to evade the effectiveness of the current antimycobacterial therapies. Therefore, the efforts carried out to explore new entities from many sources, including marine, are critical. This review summarizes several marine-derived macrolides that show promising activity against M. tuberculosis. We also provide information regarding the biosynthetic processes of marine macrolides, including the challenges that are usually experienced in this process. As most of the studies reporting the antimycobacterial activities of the listed marine macrolides are based on in vitro studies, the future direction should consider expanding the trials to in vivo and clinical trials. In addition, in silico studies should also be explored for a quick screening on marine macrolides with potent activities against mycobacterial infection. To sum up, macrolides derived from marine organisms might become therapeutical options for tackling antimycobacterial resistance of M. tuberculosis.

Introduction: Involvement of a chemokine known as C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 10 or CXCL10 in the immunopathology of leprosy has emerged as a possible immunological marker for leprosy diagnosis and needed to be investigate further. The purpose of this systematic review is to assess CXCL10's potential utility as a leprosy diagnostic tool and evaluation of therapy. Methods: This systematic review is based on Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) 2020. A thorough search was carried out to find relevant studies only in English and limited in humans published up until September 2023 using PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, and Wiley Online Library database with keywords based on medical subject headings (MeSH) and no exclusion criteria. The Newcastle-Ottawa Scale (NOS) was utilized for quality assessment, while the Risk of Bias Assessment tool for Non-randomized Studies (RoBANS) was utilized for assessing the risk of bias. Additionally, a narrative synthesis was conducted to provide a comprehensive review of the results. Results: We collected a total of 115 studies using defined keywords and 82 studies were eliminated after titles and abstracts were screened. We assessed the eligibility of the remaining 26 reports in full text and excluded four studies due to inappropriate study design and two studies with incomplete outcome data. There were twenty included studies in total with total of 2.525 samples. The included studies received NOS quality evaluation scores ranging from 6 to 8. The majority of items in the risk bias assessment, using RoBANS, across all included studies yielded low scores. However, certain items related to the selection of participants and confounding variables showed variations. Most of studies indicate that CXCL10 may be a helpful immunological marker for leprosy diagnosis, particularly in leprosy reactions as stated in seven studies. The results are better when paired with other immunological markers. Its effectiveness in field-friendly diagnostic tools makes it one of the potential biomarkers used in diagnosing leprosy patients. Additionally, CXCL10 may be utilized to assess the efficacy of multidrug therapy (MDT) in leprosy patients as stated in three studies. Conclusion: The results presented in this systematic review supports the importance of CXCL10 in leprosy diagnosis, particularly in leprosy responses and in tracking the efficacy of MDT therapy. Using CXCL10 in clinical settings might help with leprosy early diagnosis. Yet the findings are heterogenous, thus more investigation is required to determine the roles of CXCL10 in leprosy while taking into account for additional confounding variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]