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1. Modelling CO emission from hydrodynamic simulations of nearby spirals, starbursting mergers, and high-redshift galaxies

Author

Bournaud, F., Daddi, E., Weiss, A., Renaud, F., Mastropietro, C., and Teyssier, R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Astrophysics of Galaxies, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We model the intensity of emission lines from the CO molecule, based on hydrodynamic simulations of spirals, mergers, and high-redshift galaxies with very high resolutions (3pc and 10^3 Msun) and detailed models for the phase-space structure of the interstellar gas including shock heating, stellar feedback processes and galactic winds. The simulations are analyzed with a Large Velocity Gradient (LVG) model to compute the local emission in various molecular lines in each resolution element, radiation transfer and opacity effects, and the intensity emerging from galaxies, to generate synthetic spectra for various transitions of the CO molecule. This model reproduces the known properties of CO spectra and CO-to-H2 conversion factors in nearby spirals and starbursting major mergers. The high excitation of CO lines in mergers is dominated by an excess of high-density gas, and the high turbulent velocities and compression that create this dense gas excess result in broad linewidths and low CO intensity-to-H2 mass ratios. When applied to high-redshift gas-rich disks galaxies, the same model predicts that their CO-to-H2 conversion factor is almost as high as in nearby spirals, and much higher than in starbursting mergers. High-redshift disk galaxies contain giant star-forming clumps that host a high-excitation component associated to gas warmed by the spatially-concentrated stellar feedback sources, although CO(1-0) to CO(3-2) emission is overall dominated by low-excitation gas around the densest clumps. These results overall highlight a strong dependence of CO excitation and the CO-to-H2 conversion factor on galaxy type, even at similar star formation rates or densities. The underlying processes are driven by the interstellar medium structure and turbulence and its response to stellar feedback, which depend on global galaxy structure and in turn impact the CO emission properties., Comment: A&A in press

Published
2014
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2. The VMC Survey - I. Strategy and First Data

Author

Cioni, M. -R. L., Clementini, G., Girardi, L., Guandalini, R., Gullieuszik, M., Miszalski, B., Moretti, M. -I., Ripepi, V., Rubele, S., Bagheri, G., Bekki, K., Cross, N., de Blok, W. J. G., de Grijs, R., Emerson, J. P., Evans, C. J., Gibson, B., Gonzales-Solares, E., Groenewegen, M. A. T., Irwin, M., Ivanov, V. D., Lewis, J., Marconi, M., Marquette, J. -B., Mastropietro, C., Moore, B., Napiwotzki, R., Naylor, T., Oliveira, J. M., Read, M., Sutorius, E., van Loon, J. Th., Wilkinson, M. I., and Wood, P. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

The new VISual and Infrared Telescope for Astronomy (VISTA) has started operations. Over its first five years it will be collecting data for six public surveys, one of these is the near-infrared YJKsVISTA survey of the Magellanic Clouds system (VMC). This survey comprises the LMC, the SMC, the Bridge connecting the two galaxies and two fields in the Stream. This paper provides an overview of the VMC survey strategy and presents first science results. The main goals of the VMC survey are the determination of the spatially resolved SFH and 3D structure of the Magellanic system. Therefore, the VMC survey is designed to reach stars as faint as the oldest main sequence turn-off point and to constrain the mean magnitude of pulsating variable stars such as RR Lyrae stars and Cepheids. This paper focuses on observations of VMC fields in the LMC obtained between November 2009 and March 2010. These observations correspond to a 7% completeness of the LMC fields. The VMC observations consist of multi-epoch measurements organised following a specific structure. The data were reduced using the VISTA Data Flow System pipeline whose source catalogues were produced and made available via the VISTA Science Archive. The analysis of the data shows that the sensitivity in each wave band agrees with expectations. Uncertainties and completeness of the data are also derived. The first science results, aimed at assessing the science quality of the VMC data, include an overview of the distribution of stars in colour-magnitude and colour-colour diagrams, the detection of planetary nebulae and of stellar clusters, and the Ks band light-curve of variable stars. The VMC survey represents a tremendous improvement, in spatial resolution and sensitivity, on previous panoramic observations of the Magellanic system in the near-infrared and complements nicely the deep observations at other wavelengths. (Abridged), Comment: 25 pages, 20 figures, accepted for publication by Astronomy & Astrophysics, high resolution version available at http://star.herts.ac.uk/~mcioni/vmc/

Published
2010
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3. The First Generation of Virgo Cluster Dwarf Elliptical Galaxies?

Author

Lisker, T., Janz, J., Hensler, G., Kim, S., Rey, S. -C., Weinmann, S., Mastropietro, C., Hielscher, O., Paudel, S., and Kotulla, R.

Subjects
Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

In the light of the question whether most early-type dwarf (dE) galaxies in clusters formed through infall and transformation of late-type progenitors, we search for an imprint of such an infall history in the oldest, most centrally concentrated dE subclass of the Virgo cluster: the nucleated dEs that show no signatures of disks or central residual star formation. We select dEs in a (projected) region around the central elliptical galaxies, and subdivide them by their line-of-sight velocity into fast-moving and slow-moving ones. These subsamples turn out to have significantly different shapes: while the fast dEs are relatively flat objects, the slow dEs are nearly round. Likewise, when subdividing the central dEs by their projected axial ratio into flat and round ones, their distributions of line-of-sight velocities differ significantly: the flat dEs have a broad, possibly two-peaked distribution, whereas the round dEs show a narrow single peak. We conclude that the round dEs probably are on circularized orbits, while the flat dEs are still on more eccentric or radial orbits typical for an infalling population. In this picture, the round dEs would have resided in the cluster already for a long time, or would even be a cluster-born species, explaining their nearly circular orbits. They would thus be the first generation of Virgo cluster dEs. Their shape could be caused by dynamical heating through repeated tidal interactions. Further investigations through stellar population measurements and studies of simulated galaxy clusters would be desirable to obtain definite conclusions on their origin., Comment: Accepted by ApJL, 6 pages, 4 figures. The astro-ph version includes the galaxy images as Fig. A1 for illustration purposes

Published
2009
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4. The Magellanic Clouds as a template for the study of stellar populations and galaxy interactions

Author

Cioni, M. -R. L., Bekki, K., Clementini, G., de Blok, W. J. G., Emerson, J. P., Evans, C. J., de Grijs, R., Gibson, B. K., Girardi, L., Groenewegen, M. A. T., Ivanov, V. D., Leisy, P., Marconi, M., Mastropietro, C., Moore, B., Naylor, T., Oliveira, J. M., Ripepi, V., van Loon, J. Th., Wilkinson, M. I., and Wood, P. R.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

The Magellanic System represents one of the best places to study the formation and evolution of galaxies. Photometric surveys of various depths, areas and wavelengths have had a significant impact on our understanding of the system; however, a complete picture is still lacking. VMC (the VISTA near-infrared YJKs survey of the Magellanic System) will provide new data to derive the spatially resolved star formation history and to construct a three-dimensional map of the system. These data combined with those from other ongoing and planned surveys will give us an absolutely unique view of the system opening up the doors to truly new science!, Comment: 8 pages, 12 figures, to appear in PASA as a key contribution to the Elizabeth and Frederic White conference on the Magellanic System (Sydney 16-17 July 2007). Replaced with refereed version

Published
2007
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5. On the formation of the Magellanic Stream

Author

Mastropietro, C., Moore, B., Mayer, L., Stadel, J., and Wadsley, J.

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

We use high resolution N-Body/SPH simulations to study the hydro-dynamical and gravitational interaction between the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Milky Way. We model the dark and hot extended halo components as well as the stellar/gaseous disks of the two galaxies. Tidal forces distort the LMC's disk, forcing a bar and creating a diffuse stellar halo and a strong warp, although very few stars are unbound from the LMC. Ram-pressure from a low density ionised halo is then sufficient to remove $1.4 \times 10^8M_\odot$ of gas from the LMC's disk forming a great circle trailing stream around the Galaxy., Comment: 4 pages, 2 figures, to be published in the proceedings of the "Satellite and Tidal Streams", La Palma 26-30 May 2003, Spain, eds. F. Prada, D. Martinez-Delgado, T. Mahoney

Published
2003

6. Pegylated interferon α plus ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: A multicentre independent study supported by the Italian Drug Agency

Author

Mascolo, M.C., Cursaro, C., Scuteri, A., Ranieri, J., Monti, M., Bellentani, S., Gasbarrini, A., Pompili, M., Puoti, C., Bellis, L., Regazzetti, A., Maffezzini, E., Pietrangelo, A., Abbati, G., Raimondo, G., Scribano, L., Martines, D., Baroni, G. Svegliati, Faraci, G., Schianchi, S., Fornaciari, G., Fabris, P., Madonia, S., Civitavecchia, G., Pirisi, M., Smirne, C., Borghi, A., Sardini, C., Andreoletti, M., Morisco, F., Caporaso, N., Fargion, S., Fatta, E., Masutti, F., Bonaventura, M.E., Autolitano, A., Russello, M., Bellia, A., Toniutto, P., Bitetto, D., Mecenate, F., Pasulo, L., Lucà, M.G., Picardi, A., Vespasiani, U., Grattagliano, I., Palasciano, G., Romagno, D., Crespi, C., Gianstefani, A., Gobbo, G., Monti, V., Giannelli, G., Napoli, N., Nosotti, Raspanti, A., Cuccorese, Colombo, A.E., Floridia, Plattella, M.S., Cassano, P., Gentile, I., Blanc, P.L., Messina, V., Bonfante, S., Bellissima, P., Toti, M., Vecchiet, J., Falasca, K., Portelli, V., De Stefano, G., Pietromatera, G., Viganò, P., Re, T., Andreoni, M., Raineri, G., Massari, M., Grossi, P.A., Caputo, S., Cassola, G., Feasi, M., Foti, G., Kunkar, A., Corti, G., Baragli, F., Caterini, L., Migliorini, D., Chiodera, A., Calleri, G., Spezia, C., Baiguera, C., Puoti, M., Brancaccio, G., Gaeta, G.B., Vento, S., Di Biagio, A., Nicolini, L., Liberti, A., Iannece, M.D., Contini, C., Tacconi, D., Caremani, M., Almi, P., Chimenti, M., Cosco, Messeri, D., Esperti, F.C., Paffetti, A., Mastropietro, C., Moretti, A., Spagnolo, A.L., Lomonaco, L., Calì, A., Mandelli, G., Spinzi, G.C., Framarin, L., Berrutti, M., Boccia, S., Simone, L., Pazzi, P., Fornari, F., Comparato, G., Casetti, T., Foschi, F.G., Bertin, T., Salvagnini, M., Samori, A., Ferretti, E., Casiraghi, M.A., Marin, R., Ciancio, A., Campo, N., Testa, R., Rocco, A., Federico, A., Loguercio, C., Rizzo, S., Giannini, E.G., Corbo, M., Riegler, G., Esposito, P., Ricci, G.L., Rosina, Floriano, Tosti, Maria Elena, Borghesio, Elisabetta, Masocco, Maria, Mele, Alfonso, Coppola, Carmine, Milella, Michele, Borgia, Guglielmo, Andreone, Pietro, Koch, Maurizio, Zignego, Anna Linda, Romano, Mario, Carrara, Maurizio, Almasio, Piero Luigi, Azzola, Emilio, Nardone, Gerardo, Benedetti, Antonio, Carosi, Giampiero, Mazzotta, Francesco, Sagnelli, Evangelista, and Rizzetto, Mario

Published
2014
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7. Arterial and venous thrombosis in coronavirus 2019 disease (Covid-19):relationship with mortality

Author

Violi, F., Ceccarelli, G., Cangemi, R., Cipollone, F., D'Ardes, D., Oliva, A., Pirro, M., Rocco, M., Alessandri, F., D'Ettorre, G., Lichtner, M., Pignatelli, P., Ferro, D., Ruberto, F., Lip, G. Y. H., Pugliese, F., Mastroianni, C. M., Albante, A., Auricchio, D., De Lazzaro, F., M. De Lauri D., Di Santo, C., Ianni, S., Magnanimi, E., Ratini, F., Sabani, A., Titi, L., Vaccaro, P., Giordano, G., Manganelli, C., Mancone, M., Bruno, K., Celli, P., Consolo, S., Croce, C., Giannetti, L., Martelli, S., Messina, T., Pattelli, E., Perrella, S., Portieri, M., Ricci, C., Almenrader, N., Arzilla, R., Delia, E., Di Giovanni, C., Laderchi, A., Macri, C., Marandola, M., Nardecchia, G., Pacilli, M., Pacini, F., Araimo Morselli, F., Imperiale, C., Tordiglione, P., Ciardi, M. R., Ajassa, C., D'Agostino, C., Russo, G., Trinchieri, V., Guariglia, P., Antonelli, L., Cuomo, R. M., Carnevalini, M., Mastropietro, C., Iaiani, G., Mezzaroma, I., Falciano, M., Brogi, A., Celani, L., Cavallari, N. E., Rivano Capparuccia, M., Massetti, A. P., Fimiani, C., Santori, M., Bianchi, A., Franchi, C., De Angelis, M., Sereno, S., Furlan, C., De Sanctis, G., Paoletti, F., Pasculli, P., Cogliati Dezza, F., Vassalini, P., Cancelli, F., De Girolamo, G., Savelloni, G., Valeri, S., Siccardi, G., Alessi, F., Recchia, G., Ridolfi, M., Romani, F. E., Aronica, R., Filippi, V., Vera, M., Volpicelli, L., Candy, M., Alban, R., Di Bari, S., Gavaruzzi, F., Casali, E., Carli, M. S., Zingaropoli, A. M., Perri, V., Santinelli, L., Pinacchio, C., Nijhawan, P., Miele, C. M., Innocenti, P. G., and Mengoni, F.

Subjects
Male, covid-19, mortality, sars-cov-2, thrombosis, Coronary Artery Disease, Kaplan-Meier Estimate, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, law.invention, Coronary artery disease, 0302 clinical medicine, law, 80 and over, Coronary Artery Disease/epidemiology, Odds Ratio, SARS-cov-2, 030212 general & internal medicine, Prospective Studies, Aged, 80 and over, Thromboembolism/epidemiology, biology, Hazard ratio, Middle Aged, Mortality/trends, Intensive care unit, Thrombosis, Venous thrombosis, Intensive Care Units, C-Reactive Protein, Emergency Medicine, Cardiology, COVID-19/complications, Female, medicine.medical_specialty, Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products/analysis, Fibrin Fibrinogen Degradation Products, 03 medical and health sciences, C-Reactive Protein/analysis, Internal medicine, Thromboembolism, Internal Medicine, medicine, Humans, Mortality, Aged, Proportional Hazards Models, Intensive Care Units/organization & administration, business.industry, C-reactive protein, COVID-19, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Im - Original, Logistic Models, Heart failure, biology.protein, business
Abstract

Background Patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) may experience venous thrombosis while data regarding arterial thrombosis are sparse. Methods Prospective multicenter study in 5 hospitals including 373 patients with Covid-19-related pneumonia. Demographic data, laboratory findings including coagulation tests and comorbidities were reported. During the follow-up any arterial or venous thrombotic events and death were registered. Results Among 373 patients, 75 (20%) had a thrombotic event and 75 (20%) died. Thrombotic events included 41 venous thromboembolism and 34 arterial thrombosis. Age, cardiovascular disease, intensive care unit treatment, white blood cells, D-dimer, albumin and troponin blood levels were associated with thrombotic events. In a multivariable regression logistic model, intensive care unit treatment (Odds Ratio [OR]: 6.0; 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 2.8–12.6; p p = 0.022); and albumin levels (OR: 0.49; 95% CI 0.28–0.87; p = 0.014) were associated with ischemic events. Age, sex, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, heart failure, coronary heart disease, intensive care unit treatment, in-hospital thrombotic events, D-dimer, C-reactive protein, troponin, and albumin levels were associated with mortality. A multivariable Cox regression analysis showed that in-hospital thrombotic events (hazard ratio [HR]: 2.72; 95% CI 1.59–4.65; p p = 0.001), and albumin (HR: 0.447; 95% CI 0.277–0.723; p = 0.001) predicted morality. Conclusions Covid-19 patients experience an equipollent rate of venous and arterial thrombotic events, that are associated with poor survival. Early identification and appropriate treatment of Covid-19 patients at risk of thrombosis may improve prognosis.

Published
2021
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8. Impact of new DAA therapy on real clinical practice: a multicenter region-wide cohort study

Author

Lanini, Simone, Scognamiglio, Paola, Mecozzi, Alessandra, Lombardozzi, Lorella, Vullo, Vincenzo, Angelico, Mario, Gasbarrini, Antonio, Taliani, Gloria, Attili, Adolfo Francesco, Perno, Carlo Federico, De Santis, Adriano, Puro, Vincenzo, Cerqua, Fabio, D'Offizi, Gianpiero, Pellicelli, Adriano, Armignacco, Orlando, Mennini, Francesco Saverio, Siciliano, Massimo, Girardi, Enrico, Panella, Vincenzo, Ippolito, Giuseppe, Sarrecchia, C., Di Paolo, M. D., Francioso, S., Brega, A., Lenci, I., Sarmati, L., Pompili, Maurizio, Grieco, Antonio, Tamburrini, Enrica, Apaccini, R., Miele, Luca, D'Ettorre, G., Mezzaroma, I., Furlan, C., Accapezzato, D., Paoletti, F., Merili, M., Corradini, S., Sereno, S., Fimiani, C., Mastropietro, C., Labbadia, G., Gentile, Giuseppe, Pasquazzi, C., Marignani, M., Guarisco, R., Puoti, C., Spilabotti, L., Montalbano, M., Boumis, E., Visco-Comandini, U., Zaccarelli, M., Ammassari, A., Lionetti, R., Murachelli, S., Loiacono, L., Antinori, Armando, Noto, P., Palmieri, F., Cicalini, S., Cerilli, S., Sampaolesi, A., Vincenzi, L., Bellagamba, R., Galati, V., Abdeddaim, A., Iacomi, F., Iannicelli, G., Mastroianni, Chiara, Lichtner, M., Ridola, L., Coluzzi, T., Mercurio, V., Del Borgo, C., Fondacaro, L., Cerasari, G., Guarascio, P., D'Ambrosio, C., Starnini, G., Caterini, A., Villani, Emanuele Rocco, Sarracino, L., Casinelli, K., Moretti, A., Vespasiani, U., Galati, G., Cecere, R., Bonaventura, M., and Scudieri, M.

Subjects
Male, Cirrhosis, Investigational, chronic hepatitis c, clinical study, direct acting antiviral, hepatitis c virus, liver cirrhosis, liver damage, mixed effect model, multicenter cohort study, new therapy, treatment efficacy, Logistic regression, Chronic hepatitis C, Cohort Studies, 0302 clinical medicine, Clinical study, Direct acting antiviral, Hepatitis C virus, Liver cirrhosis, Liver damage, Mixed effect model, Multicenter cohort study, New therapy, Treatment efficacy, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Antiviral Agents, Drug Therapy, Combination, Drugs, Investigational, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Hepatitis C, Chronic, Humans, Liver Cirrhosis, Middle Aged, Therapies, Investigational, 80 and over, 030212 general & internal medicine, Stage (cooking), Chronic, Confounding, Drugs, Hepatitis C, Infectious Diseases, Cohort, Combination, Settore SECS-P/03 - Scienza delle Finanze, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, Cohort study, Research Article, medicine.medical_specialty, Side effect, Hepatitis C virus, Chronic hepatitis C, Liver cirrhosis, Direct acting antiviral, Multicenter cohort study, Mixed effect model, Liver damage, Treatment efficacy, Clinical study, New therapy, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Drug Therapy, Internal medicine, medicine, lcsh:RC109-216, business.industry, Settore MED/09 - MEDICINA INTERNA, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Therapies, business
Abstract

Background Management of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) has significantly accelerated in the last few years. Currently, second generation direct acting antivirals (DAAs) promise clearance of infection in most of patients. Here we present the results of the first analysis carried out on data of Lazio clinical network for DAAs. Methods The study was designed as a multicenter cohort: a) to assess the evolution of treatment during the first 24 months of the activity of the Clinical Network; b) to report overall efficacy of treatments; c) to analyze potential factors associated with lack of virological response at 12 weeks after therapy (SVR12); d) to evaluate the variation of ALT at baseline and 12 weeks after therapy in those who achieved SVR12 in comparison to those who did not. Analyses of efficacy were carried out with multilevel mixed effect logistic regression model. ALT temporal variation was assessed by mixed effect model mixed models with random intercept at patient’s level and random slope at the level of the time; i.e. either before or after therapy. Results Between 30 December 2014 and 31 December 2016 5279 patients started a DAA treatment; of those, 5127 (in 14 clinical centers) had completed the 12-week follow-up. Overall proportion of SVR12 was 93.41% (N = 4780) with no heterogeneity between the 14 clinical centers. Interruption as the consequence of severe side effect was very low (only 23 patients). Unadjusted analysis indicates that proportion of SVR12 significantly changes according to patient’s baseline characteristics, however after adjusting for potential confounders only adherence to current guidelines, stage of liver diseases, gender, transplant and HIV status were independently associated with the response to therapy. Analysis of ALT temporal variation showed that ALT level normalized in most, but not, all patients who achieved SVR12. Conclusion Our study confirmed the extraordinary efficacy of DAAs outside clinical trials. The advantage of DAAs was particularly significant for those patients who were previously considered as difficult-to-treat and did not have treatment options before DAAs era. Intervention based on network of select centers and prioritization of patients according to diseases severity was successful. Further studies are needed to establish whether clearance of HCV after DAAs therapy can arrest or even revert liver fibrosis in non-cirrhotic patients and/or improve life quality and expectancy in those who achieve SVR12 with cirrhosis.

Published
2018
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9. Challenges in the Management of SARS-CoV2 Infection: The Role of Oral Bacteriotherapy as Complementary Therapeutic Strategy to Avoid the Progression of COVID-19

Author

d&apos, Ettorre, G., Ceccarelli, G., Marazzato, M., Campagna, G., Pinacchio, C., Alessandri, F., Ruberto, F., Rossi, G., Celani, L., Scagnolari, C., Mastropietro, C., Trinchieri, V., Recchia, G. E., Mauro, V., Antonelli, G., Pugliese, F., and Mastroianni, C. M.

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.medical_treatment, bacteriotherapy, Disease, COVID-19, gut, gut-lung axis, lactobacillus, probiotic, SARS-CoV-2, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Tocilizumab, Internal medicine, Oxygen therapy, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Original Research, lcsh:R5-920, business.industry, Hydroxychloroquine, General Medicine, Diarrhea, 030104 developmental biology, covid-19, sars-cov-2, Respiratory failure, chemistry, Concomitant, medicine.symptom, business, lcsh:Medicine (General), Bacteriotherapy, medicine.drug
Abstract

Background: Gastrointestinal disorders are frequent in COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 has been hypothesized to impact on host microbial flora and gut inflammation, infecting intestinal epithelial cells. Since there are currently no coded therapies or guidelines for treatment of COVID-19, this study aimed to evaluate the possible role of a specific oral bacteriotherapy as complementary therapeutic strategy to avoid the progression of COVID-19. Methods: We provide a report of 70 patients positive for COVID-19, hospitalized between March 9th and April 4th, 2020. All the patients had fever, required non-invasive oxygen therapy and presented a CT lung involvement on imaging more than 50%. Forty-two patients received hydroxychloroquine, antibiotics, and tocilizumab, alone or in combination. A second group of 28 subjects received the same therapy added with oral bacteriotherapy, using a multistrain formulation. Results: The two cohorts of patients were comparable for age, sex, laboratory values, concomitant pathologies, and the modality of oxygen support. Within 72 h, nearly all patients treated with bacteriotherapy showed remission of diarrhea and other symptoms as compared to less than half of the not supplemented group. The estimated risk of developing respiratory failure was eight-fold lower in patients receiving oral bacteriotherapy. Both the prevalence of patients transferred to ICU and mortality were higher among the patients not treated with oral bacteriotherapy. Conclusions: A specific bacterial formulation showed a significant ameliorating impact on the clinical conditions of patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 infection. These results also stress the importance of the gut-lung axis in controlling the COVID-19 disease.

Published
2020

10. Abstracts of the 17th Annual Symposium on Computing in Anesthesia and Intensive Care: April 14–17, 1997, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut

Author

Bloom, Marc J., Lanza, Vincenzo, Engel, Thomas P., Iwase, Yoshinori, Sakio, Hideaki, Feldman, Jeffrey M., Ebrahim, Mehboob, Palmer, T. E. Allan, Philip, J. H., Mandel, J. E., Waterman, Cleveland, Whiting, Robert, O’Connor, Frank, Coleman, William P., Smith, N. Ty, Starko, Kenton, Fernandes, Lori A., Brandt, Cynthia A., Powsner, Seth M., Ruskin, Keith J., Miller, Perry L., Liu, Jin, Singh, Harbhej, Song, Dajun, White, Paul F., Kenny, Gavin N. C., Bennett, H. L., Mastropietro, C., Morita, Koji, Hastie, M., Scheib, Christopher M., Gallfly, Laszlo, Dishakjian, Raffi, Essin, Daniel J., deCiutiis, Vincent L., Steen, Stephen N., Scumlimbrene, A., Chan, Kevin, and Doyle, D. John

Published
1997
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12. The Magellanic Clouds as a Template for the Study of Stellar Populations and Galaxy Interactions

Author

Cioni, M.-R. L., Bekki, K., Clementini, G., de Blok, W. J. G., Emerson, J. P., Evans, C. J., de Grijs, R., Gibson, B. K., Girardi, L., Groenewegen, M. A. T., Ivanov, V. D., Leisy, P., Marconi, M., Mastropietro, C., Moore, B., Naylor, T., Oliveira, J. M., Ripepi, V., van Loon, J. Th, Wilkinson, M. I., Wood, P. R., Cioni, M.-R. L., Bekki, K., Clementini, G., de Blok, W. J. G., Emerson, J. P., Evans, C. J., de Grijs, R., Gibson, B. K., Girardi, L., Groenewegen, M. A. T., Ivanov, V. D., Leisy, P., Marconi, M., Mastropietro, C., Moore, B., Naylor, T., Oliveira, J. M., Ripepi, V., van Loon, J. Th, Wilkinson, M. I., and Wood, P. R.

Abstract

The Magellanic System represents one of the best places to study the formation and evolution of galaxies. Photometric surveys of various depths, areas and wavelengths have had a significant impact on our understanding of the system; however, a complete picture is still lacking. VMC (the VISTA near-infrared YJK s survey of the Magellanic System) will provide new data to derive the spatially resolved star formation history and to construct a three-dimensional map of the system. These data combined with those from other ongoing and planned surveys will give us an absolutely unique view of the system opening up the doors to truly new science!

Published
2017

13. Simit Epidemiological Multicentric Study on Hospitalized Immigrants in Italy During 2002

Author

Scotto, G., Saracino, A., Pempinello, R., El Hamad, I., Geraci, S., Panunzio, M., Palumbo, Ernesto, Cibelli, D. C., Angarano, G., Quirino, T., Vigevani, G. M., Balducci, M., Petrelli, E., Bergamasco, A., Cadeo, G., Elhamad, I., Carosi, G., Vitucci, N., Gobbi, M., Allegri, M. P., Toti, M., Piretti, B., De Stefano, C., Mannozzi, P., Mastropietro, C., Paffetti, A., Losappio, R., Fontana, T., Sfara, C., Stagni, G., Salome, G., Soscia, F., Maggi, P., Pastore, G., Miccolis, S., Scalzini, A., Brogi, A., Renda, V., Lancella, L., Ticca, F., Gabbati, A., Mazzotta, A., Villa, M., Viganò, P., Salatino, A., Andreoni, M., Drenaggi, D., Scalise, G., Ciardi, M., D'Elia, S., Limodio, M., Gallo, A. I., Delia, S., Caltabiano, E., Cosentino, G., Raspaglieli, M., Di Gregorio, P., Mariani, R., Paolini, M., Sabbatani, S., Chiodo, F., Casabianca, A., Biglino, A., Galloni, D., Carnevale, G., Pantaleoni, M., Ghinelli, F., Purificato, F., Pompei, A. G., Portelli, V., Chasseur, R., Tassara, A., Benenat, B., Sapienza, M., Sabatini, P., Sabusco, G., Bellardini, G., Zauli, T., Valencic, A., Luzzati, R., Milini, P., Chiodera, A., Sebbia, F., Davi', A., Pizzigallo, E., Scerbo, P., Ferraro, T., Consorte, A., Mariani Toro, G., Gioia, M., Grossi, P., Coviello, G., Sagnelli, E., Azzimi, A., Concia, A., Allegra, M., and Todaro, Gianmarco

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Tuberculosis, Adolescent, Epidemiology, HIV Infections, infectious diseases, Communicable Diseases, Article, Hepatitis, HIV, Hospitalization, Immigration, Infectious diseases, Female, Humans, Italy, Middle Aged, Multicenter Studies as Topic, Poverty, Surveys and Questionnaires, Emigration and Immigration, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine, business.industry, Public health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, Country of origin, tuberculosis, Infectious disease (medical specialty), Immunology, Public Health, business, Viral hepatitis, Malaria, immigration
Abstract

The aim of this article is to retrospectively evaluate the patient characteristics and the most common infectious diseases in immigrant patients hospitalized in 46 Italian infectious disease clinics during 2002. The main Italian infectious disease clinics were invited to fill in a questionnaire that regarded the number and type of hospital admissions, the country of origin, and demographic features (age, sex, and resident state) of immigrants. A total of 46 clinics including 2255 patients participated in the study. Most patients were men (63%) with an age between 16 and 40 years (63.4%) covered by the National Health Service (71%) and coming from Africa (44.3%). The main infectious diseases observed were: 378 (16.76%) cases of HIV infection, 303 (13.43%) cases of tuberculosis diseases, 282 (12.5%) cases of various forms of viral hepatitis, 177 (7.84%) cases of respiratory diseases, and 196 (8.69%) gastrointestinal diseases. Tropical diseases found were 134 (5.94%) including 95 cases of malaria (70.9%). In conclusion, a broad range of diseases was noted in immigrants which were directly correlated with conditions of poverty. Only a few tropical diseases were diagnosed and therefore the immigrant should not be considered as an infectious disease carrier.

Published
2005
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14. Simit epidemiological multicentric study on hospitalized immigrants in Italy during 2002

Author

Scotto G, Saracino A, Pempinello R, El Hamad I, Geraci S, Panunzio M, Palumbo E, Cibelli DC, Angarano G, Quirino T, Vigevani GM, Balducci M, Petrelli E, Bergamasco A, Cadeo G, ELHamad I, Carosi G, Vitucci N, Gobbi M, Allegri MP, Toti M, Piretti B, De Stefano C, Mannozzi P, Mastropietro C, Paffetti A, Losappio R, Fontana T, Sfara C, Stagni G, Salome G, Soscia F, Maggi P, Scotto, G, Saracino, A, Pempinello, R, El Hamad, I, Geraci, S, Panunzio, M, Palumbo, E, Cibelli, Dc, Angarano, G, Quirino, T, Vigevani, Gm, Balducci, M, Petrelli, E, Bergamasco, A, Cadeo, G, Elhamad, I, Carosi, G, Vitucci, N, Gobbi, M, Allegri, Mp, Toti, M, Piretti, B, De Stefano, C, Mannozzi, P, Mastropietro, C, Paffetti, A, Losappio, R, Fontana, T, Sfara, C, Stagni, G, Salome, G, Soscia, F, Maggi, P, and Et, Al.

Published
2005

15. Pegylated interferon α plus ribavirin for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C: A multicentre independent study supported by the Italian Drug Agency

Author

Rosina, Floriano, Tosti, Maria Elena, Borghesio, Elisabetta, Masocco, Maria, Mele, Alfonso, Coppola, Carmine, Milella, Michele, Borgia, Guglielmo, Andreone, Pietro, Koch, Maurizio, Zignego, Anna Linda, Romano, Mario, Carrara, Maurizio, Almasio, Piero Luigi, Azzola, Emilio, Nardone, Gerardo, Benedetti, Antonio, Carosi, Giampiero, Mazzotta, Francesco, Sagnelli, Evangelista, Rizzetto, Mario, Mascolo, M. C., Cursaro, C., Scuteri, A., Crespi, C., Gianstefani, A., Ranieri, J., Monti, M., Corti, G., Blanc, P. L., Baragli, F., Bellentani, S., Gasbarrini, A., Pompili, M., Mecenate, F., Picardi, A., Vespasiani, U., Nosotti, Null, Null, A. Picardi, Ricci, G. L., Paffetti, A., Mastropietro, C., Moretti, A., Spagnolo, A. L., Puoti, C., Bellis, L., Regazzetti, A., Maffezzini, E., Pietrangelo, A., Abbati, G., Borghi, A., Sardini, C., Raimondo, G., Scribano, L., Martines, D., Svegliati Baroni, G., Faraci, G., Schi anchi, S., Fornaciari, G., Massari, M., Fabris, P., Bertin, T., Salvagnini, M., Madonia, S., Calì, A., Civitavecchia, G., Pirisi, M., Smirne, C., Andreoletti, M., Morisco, F., Caporaso, N., Gentile, I., Brancaccio, G., Gaeta, G. B., Liberti, A., Iannece, M. D., Rocco, A., Federico, A., Loguercio, C., Riegler, G., Esposito, P., Fargion, S., Fatta, E., Masutti, F., Bonaventura, M. E., Autolitano, A., Russello, M., Bellia, A., Toniutto, P., Bitetto, D., Pasulo, L., Lucà, M. G., Grattagliano, I., Palasciano, G., Romagno, D., Giannelli, G., Napoli, N., Plattella, M. S., Cassano, P., Gobbo, G., Monti, V., Raspanti, A., Cuccorese, Null, Colombo, A. E., Mandelli, G., Spinzi, G. C., Floridia, Null, Messina, V., Bonfante, S., Bellissima, P., Toti, M., Vecchiet, J., Falasca, K., Portelli, V., Stefano, G. De, Pietromatera, G., Viganò, P., Re, T., Andreoni, M., Null, G. Raineri, Grossi, P. A., Caputo, S., Cassola, G., Feasi, M., Biagio, A. Di, Nicolini, LAURA AMBRA, Giannini, EDOARDO GIOVANNI, Corbo, M., Foti, G., Kunkar, A., Caterini, L., Migliorini, D., Chiodera, A., Calleri, G., Spezia, C., Framarin, L., Null, M. Berrutti, Ciancio, A., Baiguera, C., Puoti, M., Vento, S., Contini, C., Boccia, S., Casiraghi, M. A., Simone, L., Tacconi, D., Caremani, M., Almi, P., Chimenti, M., Cosco, Null, Messeri, D., Esperti, F. C., Lomonaco, L., Pazzi, P., Fornari, F., Comparato, G., Casetti, T., Foschi, F. G., Samori, A., Ferretti, E., Marin, R., Campo, N., Testa, R., Rizzo, S., Rosina, F, Tosti, ME, Borghesio, E, Masocco, M, Mele, A, Coppola, C, Milella, M, Borgia, G, Andreone, P, Koch, M, Zignego, AL, Romano, M, Carrara, M, Almasio, PL, Azzola, E, Nardone, G, Benedetti, A, Carosi, G, Mazzotta, F, Sagnelli, E, Rizzetto, M, Rosina, F., Tosti, M. E., Borghesio, E., Masocco, M., Mele, A., Coppola, C., Milella, M., Borgia, Guglielmo, Andreone, P., Koch, M., Zignego, A. L., Romano, M., Carrara, M., Almasio, P. L., Azzola, E., Nardone, GERARDO ANTONIO PIO, Benedetti, A., Carosi, G., Mazzotta, F., Sagnelli, E., Rizzetto, M., Aifa, Aisf, Simit, Aigo, Sige, Gentile, Ivan, Morisco, Filomena, Et, Al, Floriano Rosina, Maria Elena Tosti, Elisabetta Borghesio, Maria Masocco, Alfonso Mele, Carmine Coppola, Michele Milella, Guglielmo Borgia, Pietro Andreone, Maurizio Koch, Anna Linda Zignego, Mario Romano, Maurizio Carrara, Piero Luigi Almasio, Emilio Azzola, Gerardo Nardone, Antonio Benedetti, Giampiero Carosi, Francesco Mazzotta, Evangelista Sagnelli, and Mario Rizzetto

Subjects
Registrie, Male, Cirrhosis, medicine.disease_cause, Polyethylene Glycol, Gastroenterology, Polyethylene Glycols, chemistry.chemical_compound, Hepatitis Viruses, Hepatitis Viruse, Prospective Studies, Viral, Registries, Chronic, Prospective cohort study, Drug Carrier, Drug Carriers, Settore MED/12 - Gastroenterologia, Medicine (all), Recombinant Protein, Middle Aged, Hepatitis C, Recombinant Proteins, Treatment Outcome, Italy, Combination, RNA, Viral, Population study, Drug Therapy, Combination, Female, Human, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, Hepatitis C virus, Alpha interferon, Ribavirin, Sustained virological response (SVR), Treatment, Antiviral Agents, Follow-Up Studie, Hepatology, Drug Therapy, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Antiviral Agent, business.industry, Interferon-alpha, HCV therapy, Hepatitis C, Chronic, medicine.disease, Clinical trial, Prospective Studie, chemistry, Immunology, RNA, Follow-Up Studies, business
Abstract

a b s t r a c t Background: Data on the efficacy of Peg-interferon/ribavirin therapy for chronic hepatitis C are mostly derived from treatment of selected patients enrolled in clinical trials. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of Peg-interferon/ribavirin therapy in “real world” chronic hepatitis C patients in Italy. Methods: Independent observational multicentre study including consecutive patients receiving Peginterferon/ribavirin in the 18 months before (retrospective phase) and after (prospective phase) the start of the study. Results: 4176 patients were eligible. The final study population consisted of 2051 patients in the retrospective and 2073 in the prospective phase. Sustained virological response was achieved by 1036 patients (50.5%) during the retrospective phase: 325 were genotypes 1/4 (34.1%) and 684 were genotypes 2/3 (67.2%) and by 800 patients (38.6%) during the prospective phase: 300 were genotypes 1/4 (28.4%) and 473 were genotypes 2/3 (51.5%). During multivariate analysis genotypes 2/3 were significantly associated with higher sustained virological response rates; cirrhosis and -glutamil-transpeptidase >2 times the normal limit were associated with poorer response. Conclusions: The response to Peg-interferon/ribavirin therapy in “real world” clinical practice is distinctly lower than in registration trials. The difference in response rates was more pronounced among easy-totreat than among difficult-to-treat hepatitis C virus genotypes.

Published
2014

17. Modeling CO emission from hydrodynamic simulations of nearby spirals, starbursting mergers, and high-redshift galaxies

Author

Bournaud, F, Daddi, E, Weiß, A, Renaud, F, Mastropietro, C, Teyssier, R, Bournaud, F, Daddi, E, Weiß, A, Renaud, F, Mastropietro, C, and Teyssier, R

Abstract

We model the intensity of emission lines from the CO molecule, based on hydrodynamic simulations of spirals, mergers, and high-redshift galaxies with very high resolutions (3 pc and 103 M⊙) and detailed models for the phase-space structure of the interstellar gas including shock heating, stellar feedback processes, and galactic winds. The simulations are analyzed with a large velocity gradient (LVG) model to compute the local emission in various molecular lines in each resolution element, radiation transfer, opacity effect, and the intensity emerging from galaxies to generate synthetic spectra for various transitions of the CO molecule. This model reproduces the known properties of CO spectra and CO-to-H2 conversion factors in nearby spirals and starbursting major mergers. The high excitation of CO lines in mergers is dominated by an excess of high-density gas, and the high turbulent velocities and compression that create this dense gas excess result in broad linewidths and low CO intensity-to-H2 mass ratios. When applied to high-redshift gas-rich disks galaxies, the same model predicts that their CO-to-H2 conversion factor is almost as high as in nearby spirals, and much higher than in starbursting mergers. High-redshift disk galaxies contain giant star-forming clumps that host a high-excitation component associated to gas warmed by the spatially concentrated stellar feedback sources, although CO(1-0) to CO(3-2) emission is dominated overall by low-excitation gas around the densest clumps. These results generally highlight a strong dependence of CO excitation and the CO-to-H2 conversion factor on galaxy type, even at similar star formation rates or densities. The underlying processes are driven by the interstellar medium structure and turbulence and its response to stellar feedback, which depend on global galaxy structure and in turn affect the CO emission properties.

Published
2015

21. The VMC survey

Author

Cioni, M.-R.L., Clementini, G., Girardi, L., Guandalini, R., Gullieuszik, M., Miszalski, B., Moretti, M.-I., Ripepi, V., Rubele, S., Bagheri, G., Bekki, K., Cross, N., de Blok, W. J. G., de Grijs, R., Emerson, J. P., Evans, C. J., Gibson, B., Gonzales-Solares, E., Groenewegen, M. A. T., Irwin, M., Ivanov, V. D., Lewis, J., Marconi, M., Marquette, J.-B., Mastropietro, C., Moore, B., Napiwotzki, R., Naylor, T., Oliveira, J. M., Read, M., Sutorius, E., van Loon, J. Th., Wilkinson, M. I., Wood, P. R., Cioni, M.-R.L., Clementini, G., Girardi, L., Guandalini, R., Gullieuszik, M., Miszalski, B., Moretti, M.-I., Ripepi, V., Rubele, S., Bagheri, G., Bekki, K., Cross, N., de Blok, W. J. G., de Grijs, R., Emerson, J. P., Evans, C. J., Gibson, B., Gonzales-Solares, E., Groenewegen, M. A. T., Irwin, M., Ivanov, V. D., Lewis, J., Marconi, M., Marquette, J.-B., Mastropietro, C., Moore, B., Napiwotzki, R., Naylor, T., Oliveira, J. M., Read, M., Sutorius, E., van Loon, J. Th., Wilkinson, M. I., and Wood, P. R.

Published
2011

22. Ram-pressure induced star formation in the LMC

Author

Mastropietro, C, Burkert, A, Moore, B, Mastropietro, C, Burkert, A, and Moore, B

Abstract

We use high-resolution n-body/SPH simulations to study the hydrodynamical interaction between the Large Magellanic Cloud and the hot halo of the Milky Way. We investigate whether the ram-pressure acting on the gaseous disk of the satellite can explain the peculiarities observed in the Hi distribution and the location of the recent star formation activity

Published
2008

23. Treatment outcomes and relapses of pulmonary tuberculosis in Lazio, Italy, 1999-2001: a six-year follow-up study

Author

Faustini, A., Hall, A. J., Mantovani, J., Sangalli, M., Perucci, C. A., Ciardi, M., Iaiani, G., Mastroianni, C., Mastropietro, C., Teggi, A., Cauda, R., Cingolani, A., Di Giambenedetto, S., Saltini, C., Bocchino, M., De Marco, M., Ghirba, P., Grisetti, S., Palmieri, F., Rianda, A., Traversa, M., Alma, M., Antonelli, F., Pugliesi, G., Olivieri, M., Rossi, A., Sanguinetti, M., Simeoni, I., Pandolfi, A., Bologna, E., Carrescia, M., Alimenti, P., Cantero, M., Ticca, F., Lancella, L., Dainotto, D., Geraci, S., Anzalone, E., Buratti, A. R., Zanini, R., Signore, A., Goretti, S. M., Munafo, G., Autore, F., Pitorri, A., Le Donne, R., Armignaco, A., Bernardini, G., Fiorani, C. M., Di Michele, L., De Padova, F., Manenti, M., Runci, G., Rossi, P., Aquilani, S., Cecere, R., Ercole, A., Esterini, G., Gallo, L., Gnesivo, C., Guadagnali, R., Labriola, V., Loffredo, M. R., Pasqualitto, P., Patti, P., Porcelli, P., Tanzariello, E., Cauda R. (ORCID:0000-0002-1498-4229), Cingolani A. (ORCID:0000-0002-3793-2755), Di Giambenedetto S. (ORCID:0000-0001-6990-5076), Sanguinetti M. (ORCID:0000-0002-9780-7059), Faustini, A., Hall, A. J., Mantovani, J., Sangalli, M., Perucci, C. A., Ciardi, M., Iaiani, G., Mastroianni, C., Mastropietro, C., Teggi, A., Cauda, R., Cingolani, A., Di Giambenedetto, S., Saltini, C., Bocchino, M., De Marco, M., Ghirba, P., Grisetti, S., Palmieri, F., Rianda, A., Traversa, M., Alma, M., Antonelli, F., Pugliesi, G., Olivieri, M., Rossi, A., Sanguinetti, M., Simeoni, I., Pandolfi, A., Bologna, E., Carrescia, M., Alimenti, P., Cantero, M., Ticca, F., Lancella, L., Dainotto, D., Geraci, S., Anzalone, E., Buratti, A. R., Zanini, R., Signore, A., Goretti, S. M., Munafo, G., Autore, F., Pitorri, A., Le Donne, R., Armignaco, A., Bernardini, G., Fiorani, C. M., Di Michele, L., De Padova, F., Manenti, M., Runci, G., Rossi, P., Aquilani, S., Cecere, R., Ercole, A., Esterini, G., Gallo, L., Gnesivo, C., Guadagnali, R., Labriola, V., Loffredo, M. R., Pasqualitto, P., Patti, P., Porcelli, P., Tanzariello, E., Cauda R. (ORCID:0000-0002-1498-4229), Cingolani A. (ORCID:0000-0002-3793-2755), Di Giambenedetto S. (ORCID:0000-0001-6990-5076), and Sanguinetti M. (ORCID:0000-0002-9780-7059)

Abstract

Objectives: The aim of this study was to enhance tuberculosis (TB) treatment outcome monitoring by linking diverse surveillance systems and estimating treatment outcomes including relapse. Methods: Tuberculosis treatment was surveyed in the Lazio region (Italy) from 1999 to 2001; a six-year follow-up of notified cases was undertaken to detect relapses. The results were analyzed as a population-based case-control study comparing each unsuccessful outcome and relapse with eligible controls. Results: Of the 974 patients who entered the survey, 805 (82.6%) had complete treatment evaluations; 398 (49.4%) had a successful outcome, 401 (49.8%) had an unsuccessful outcome, and six developed chronic TB. Death was associated with age >64 years (OR 5.9; 95% CI 3.1-11.2), male gender (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.0-4.4), and using second-line drugs (OR 2.3; 95% CI 1.0-5.4). Treatment failure was associated with previous treatment (OR 3.0; 95% CI 1.4-6.7) and being male, being foreign born (OR 6.6; 95% CI 2.1-21.2), receiving second-line drugs (OR 7.4; 95% CI 1.8-29.5), and receiving modified therapy (OR 5.1; 95% CI 1.7-14.9). Relapses after successful outcomes were detected in 5.5%, for which the strongest predictor was having extrapulmonary lesions (OR 22.8; 95% CI 1.8-287.3). Conclusions: Linking our survey data to other surveillance systems improved the mortality estimates and detected a high rate of relapse. Having received previous treatment and being a foreigner were independent determinants of treatment failure, suggesting that both acquired and primary drug resistance affect TB patients in Lazio. © 2008 International Society for Infectious Diseases.

Published
2008

26. The VMC survey

Author

Cioni, M.-R.L., primary, Clementini, G., additional, Girardi, L., additional, Guandalini, R., additional, Gullieuszik, M., additional, Miszalski, B., additional, Moretti, M.-I., additional, Ripepi, V., additional, Rubele, S., additional, Bagheri, G., additional, Bekki, K., additional, Cross, N., additional, de Blok, W. J. G., additional, de Grijs, R., additional, Emerson, J. P., additional, Evans, C. J., additional, Gibson, B., additional, Gonzales-Solares, E., additional, Groenewegen, M. A. T., additional, Irwin, M., additional, Ivanov, V. D., additional, Lewis, J., additional, Marconi, M., additional, Marquette, J.-B., additional, Mastropietro, C., additional, Moore, B., additional, Napiwotzki, R., additional, Naylor, T., additional, Oliveira, J. M., additional, Read, M., additional, Sutorius, E., additional, van Loon, J. Th., additional, Wilkinson, M. I., additional, and Wood, P. R., additional

Published
2011
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28. The Magellanic Clouds as a Template for the Study of Stellar Populations and Galaxy Interactions

Author

Cioni, M.-R. L., primary, Bekki, K., additional, Clementini, G., additional, de Blok, W. J. G., additional, Emerson, J. P., additional, Evans, C. J., additional, de Grijs, R., additional, Gibson, B. K., additional, Girardi, L., additional, Groenewegen, M. A. T., additional, Ivanov, V. D., additional, Leisy, P., additional, Marconi, M., additional, Mastropietro, C., additional, Moore, B., additional, Naylor, T., additional, Oliveira, J. M., additional, Ripepi, V., additional, van Loon, J. Th., additional, Wilkinson, M. I., additional, and Wood, P. R., additional

Published
2008
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32. Index of Suspicion

Author

Mastropietro, C., primary, Morris, M., additional, Stanfield, R., additional, Stallworth, J. R., additional, Caro, S., additional, and Fleenor, J., additional

Published
2005
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34. Modeling a High Velocity LMC: the Formation of the Magellanic Stream.

Author

Mastropietro, C.

Subjects
*MILKY Way, *MAGELLANIC clouds, *DWARF galaxies, *ASTRONOMY, *STARS
Abstract

I used high resolution N-body/SPH simulations to model the new proper motion of the Large Magellanic Cloud within the Milky Way halo and investigate the effects of gravitational and hydrodynamical forces on the formation of the Magellanic Stream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2010
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37. Prospective analysis of complications 30 days after outpatient colonoscopy

Author

Zubarik, R., Fleischer, D.E., Mastropietro, C., Lopez, J., Carroll, J., Benjamin, S., and Eisen, G.

Abstract

Background: Our objective was to (1) determine whether more complications are reported by patients 30 days after outpatient colonoscopy than are discussed at our monthly morbidity and mortality conferences, (2) identify complications resulting in visits to the emergency department or physician's office or leading to hospitalization, and (3) assess which factors put patients at highest risk. A secondary goal was to determine the rate of work lost after outpatient colonoscopy. Methods: Trained interviewers performed standardized telephone interviews of consecutive outpatients undergoing colonoscopy at Georgetown University Hospital over a 1-year period. Results: One thousand one hundred ninety-six patients were contacted 30 days after outpatient colonoscopy and participated in our study. Twenty patients had complications that required a visit to an emergency department or physician. Ninety percent of these cases (18) were detected at 30 days, but 15% (3) were discussed at morbidity and mortality conferences. All seven complications that necessitated hospitalization were identified at 30 days, but only two were discussed at our morbidity and mortality conference. The most common complications reported by patients were abdominal discomfort (5.4%) and rectal bleeding (2.1%). Conclusion: More complications are detected by means of contacting patients 30 days after outpatient colonoscopy than are discussed at our morbidity and mortality conferences. (Gastrointest Endosc 1999;50:322-8.)

Published
1999
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38. Human Amoebiasis: The Interaction of Lymphocyte Surface-Bound Immune Complexes and Pmns Impairs T Cell Proliferative Responses to E. Histolytica Mitogen

Author

De Simone, C., Delia, S., Meco, L. Di, Mastroianni, C., Mastropietro, C., Vullo, V., and Sorice, F.

Abstract

In some of the sera from patients with amoebiasis circulating immune complexes are present which are thought to interact with lymphoid cells, enabling them to elicit a burst of oxygen consumption in PMNs. The intensity of chemiluminescence is related to the presence of C3+ and Fc IgG+ cells in the lymphoid cell suspensions employed. The generation and release of highly reactive oxygen derivatives from PMNs impair T lymphocyte proliferative responses to the E. histolytica mitogen. The Authors suggest that one of the mechanisms by which circulating immune complexes present in the sera of patients with amoebiasis may interfere with T cell-mediated immune responses, is through their binding to the surface of the C3+, Fc IgG+ cells with subsequent stimulation of the PMN oxidative metabolism.

Published
1985
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41. The VISTA Near-infrared YJKs Public Survey of the Magellanic Clouds System (VMC)

Author

Cioni, M. R., Clementini, G., Girardi, L., Guandalini, R., Gullieuszik, M., Miszalski, B., Moretti, M. I., Ripepi, V., Rubele, S., Bagheri, G., Kenji Bekki, Cross, N., Blok, E., Grijs, R., Emerson, J., Evans, C., Gibson, B., Gonzales-Solares, E., Groenewegen, M., Irwin, M., Ivanov, V., Lewis, J., Marconi, M., Marquette, J. B., Mastropietro, C., Moore, B., Napiwotzki, R., Naylor, T., Oliveira, J., Read, M., Sutorius, E., Loon, J., Wilkinson, M., and Wood, P.

42. The gravitational and hydrodynamical interaction between the Large Magellanic Cloud and the Galaxy

Author

Mastropietro, C., Moore, B., Mayer, L., Wadsley, J., Stadel, J., Mastropietro, C., Moore, B., Mayer, L., Wadsley, J., and Stadel, J.

Abstract

We use high-resolution N-body/smoothed particle hydrodynamic simulations to study the hydrodynamical and gravitational interaction between the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and the Milky Way Galaxy. We model the dark and hot extended halo components as well as the stellar/gaseous discs of the two galaxies. Both galaxies are embedded in extended cuspy ΛCDM dark matter haloes. We follow the previous 4 Gyr of the LMC's orbit such that it ends up with the correct location and orientation on the sky. Tidal forces elongate the LMC's disc, forcing a bar and creating a strong warp and diffuse stellar halo, although very few stars become unbound. The stellar halo may account for some of the microlensing events observed towards the LMC. Ram pressure from a low-density ionized halo is then sufficient to remove 1.4 × 108 M⊙ of gas from the LMC's disc, forming a great circle trailing stream around the Galaxy. The column density of stripped gas falls by two orders of magnitude 100 degrees from the LMC and the radial velocity along the trailing stream agrees well with the observations. The LMC does not induce any response in the Milky Way disc. On the contrary, the tides raised by the Milky Way determine the truncation of the satellite at about 11 kpc. After several gigayears of interaction, the gas disc of the LMC is smaller than the stellar disc due to ram pressure, and its size and morphology compare well with the observational data

43. The Magellanic Clouds as a Template for the Study of Stellar Populations and Galaxy Interactions

Author

Cioni, M.-R. L., Bekki, K., Clementini, G., de Blok, W. J. G., Emerson, J. P., Evans, C. J., de Grijs, R., Gibson, B. K., Girardi, L., Groenewegen, M. A. T., Ivanov, V. D., Leisy, P., Marconi, M., Mastropietro, C., Moore, B., Naylor, T., Oliveira, J. M., Ripepi, V., van Loon, J. Th, Wilkinson, M. I., Wood, P. R., Cioni, M.-R. L., Bekki, K., Clementini, G., de Blok, W. J. G., Emerson, J. P., Evans, C. J., de Grijs, R., Gibson, B. K., Girardi, L., Groenewegen, M. A. T., Ivanov, V. D., Leisy, P., Marconi, M., Mastropietro, C., Moore, B., Naylor, T., Oliveira, J. M., Ripepi, V., van Loon, J. Th, Wilkinson, M. I., and Wood, P. R.

Abstract

The Magellanic System represents one of the best places to study the formation and evolution of galaxies. Photometric surveys of various depths, areas and wavelengths have had a significant impact on our understanding of the system; however, a complete picture is still lacking. VMC (the VISTA near-infrared YJK s survey of the Magellanic System) will provide new data to derive the spatially resolved star formation history and to construct a three-dimensional map of the system. These data combined with those from other ongoing and planned surveys will give us an absolutely unique view of the system opening up the doors to truly new science!

46. Ram-Pressure Induced Star Formation in the LMC

Author

Chiara Mastropietro, Ben Moore, Andreas Burkert, University of Zurich, and Mastropietro, C

Subjects
galaxies: Magellanic Clouds — methods: n, Physics, 530 Physics, Star formation, Milky Way, Astronomy, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Quasar, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, body simulations, Galaxy, Ram pressure, 1912 Space and Planetary Science, Space and Planetary Science, Planet, 10231 Institute for Computational Science, 3103 Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Halo, Large Magellanic Cloud, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics
Abstract

We use high-resolution n-body/SPH simulations to study the hydrodynamical interaction between the Large Magellanic Cloud and the hot halo of the Milky Way. We investigate whether the ram-pressure acting on the gaseous disk of the satellite can explain the peculiarities observed in the Hidistribution and the location of the recent star formation activity.

Published
2008
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47. Effects of ram pressure on the gas distribution and star formation in the Large Magellanic Cloud

Author

Andreas Burkert, Ben Moore, Chiara Mastropietro, University of Zurich, Mastropietro, C, Laboratoire d'Etude du Rayonnement et de la Matière en Astrophysique (LERMA), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universitätssternwarte der Ludwig-Maximiliansuniversität, and Institute für Theoretische Physik, Universität Zürich

Subjects
Leading edge, Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics (astro-ph.CO), 530 Physics, Milky Way, FOS: Physical sciences, Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, methods: N, 1912 Space and Planetary Science, 0103 physical sciences, galaxies: interactions, Large Magellanic Cloud, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, Physics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, Star formation, Astronomy and Astrophysics, body simulations, Ram pressure, Space and Planetary Science, 10231 Institute for Computational Science, Orbital motion, hydrodynamics, 3103 Astronomy and Astrophysics, Astrophysics::Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Halo, Supergiant, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], galaxies: individual: LMC, Astrophysics - Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics
Abstract

We use high resolution N-body/SPH simulations to study the hydrodynamical interaction between the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) and the hot halo of the Milky Way. We investigate whether ram-pressure acting on the satellite's ISM can explain the peculiarities observed in the HI distribution and the location of the recent star formation activity. Due to the present nearly edge-on orientation of the disk with respect to the orbital motion, compression at the leading edge can explain the high density region observed in HI at the south-east border. In the case of a face-on disk (according to Mastropietro et al. 2008 the LMC was moving almost face-on before the last perigalactic passage), ram-pressure directed perpendicularly to the disk produces a clumpy structure characterized by voids and high density filaments that resemble those observed by the Parkes HI survey. As a consequence of the very recent edge-on motion, the H-alpha emission is mainly concentrated on the eastern side where 30 Doradus and most of the supergiant shells are located, although some H-alpha complexes form a patchy distribution on the entire disk. In this scenario only the youngest stellar complexes show a progression in age along the leading border of the disk., 18 pages, 18 figures, submitted to MNRAS

Published
2009
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48. Best practice peri-extubation bundle reduces neonatal and infant extubation failure after cardiac surgery.

Author

Todd Tzanetos D, Bassi H, Furlong-Dillard J, Mastropietro C, Olive M, Klugman D, and Werho D

Abstract

Introduction: Extubation failure after neonatal cardiac surgery is associated with increased intensive care unit length of stay, morbidity, and mortality. We performed a quality improvement project to create and implement a peri-extubation bundle, including extubation readiness testing, spontaneous breathing trial, and high-risk criteria identification, using best practices at high-performing centers to decrease neonatal and infant extubation failure by 20% from a baseline of 15.7% to 12.6% over a 2-year period., Methods: Utilising the transparency of the Pediatric Cardiac Critical Care Consortium database, five centres were identified as high performers, having better-than-expected neonatal extubation success rates with the balancing metric of as-expected or better-than-expected mechanical ventilation duration. Structured interviews were conducted with cardiac intensive care unit physician leadership at the identified centers to determine centre-specific extubation practices. Data from those interviews underwent qualitative content analysis which was used to develop a peri-extubation bundle. The bundle was implemented at a single-centre 17-bed cardiac intensive care unit. Extubation failure, defined as reintubation within 48 hours of extubation for anything other than a procedure, ventilator days and bundle compliance was tracked., Results: There was a 41.4% decrease in extubation failure following bundle implementation (12 failures of 76 extubations pre-implantation; 6 failures of 65 extubations post-implementation). Bundle compliance was 95.4%. There was no difference in ventilator days ( p = 0.079) between groups., Conclusion: Implementation of a peri-extubation bundle created from best practices at high-performing centres reduced extubation failure by 41.4% in neonates and infants undergoing congenital heart surgery.

Published
2024
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49. Recruitment-to-inflation ratio for bedside PEEP selection in acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Author

Rosà T, Bongiovanni F, Michi T, Mastropietro C, Menga LS, DE Pascale G, Antonelli M, and Grieco DL

Subjects
Humans, Ventilator-Induced Lung Injury prevention & control, Positive-Pressure Respiration methods, Respiratory Distress Syndrome therapy, Respiratory Distress Syndrome physiopathology
Abstract

In acute respiratory distress syndrome, the role of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) to prevent ventilator-induced lung injury is controversial. Randomized trials comparing higher versus lower PEEP strategies failed to demonstrate a clinical benefit. This may depend on the inter-individually variable potential for lung recruitment (i.e. recruitability), which would warrant PEEP individualization to balance alveolar recruitment and the unavoidable baby lung overinflation produced by high pressure. Many techniques have been used to assess recruitability, including lung imaging, multiple pressure-volume curves and lung volume measurement. The Recruitment-to-Inflation ratio (R/I) has been recently proposed to bedside assess recruitability without additional equipment. R/I assessment is a simplified technique based on the multiple pressure-volume curve concept: it is measured by monitoring respiratory mechanics and exhaled tidal volume during a 10-cmH2O one-breath derecruitment maneuver after a short high-PEEP test. R/I scales recruited volume to respiratory system compliance, and normalizes recruitment to a proxy of actual lung size. With modest R/I (<0.3-0.4), setting low PEEP (5-8 cmH2O) may be advisable; with R/I>0.6-0.7, high PEEP (≥15 cmH2O) can be considered, provided that airway and/or transpulmonary plateau pressure do not exceed safety limits. In case of intermediate R/I (≈0.5), a more granular assessment of recruitability may be needed. This could be accomplished with advanced monitoring tools, like sequential lung volume measurement with granular R/I assessment or electrical impedance tomography monitoring during a decremental PEEP trial. In this review, we discuss R/I rationale, applications and limits, providing insights on its clinical use for PEEP selection in moderate-to-severe acute respiratory distress syndrome.

Published
2024
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50. Tracheostomy Timing During Pediatric Cardiac Intensive Care: Single Referral Center Retrospective Cohort.

Author

Fox MT, Meyer-Macaulay C, Roberts H, Lipsitz S, Siegel BD, Mastropietro C, Graham RJ, and Moynihan KM

Subjects
Child, Humans, Infant, Retrospective Studies, Intensive Care Units, Referral and Consultation, Critical Care, Respiration, Artificial, Length of Stay, Tracheostomy, Hospitalization
Abstract

Objectives: To describe associations between the timing of tracheostomy and patient characteristics or outcomes in the cardiac ICU (CICU)., Design: Single-institution retrospective cohort study., Setting: Freestanding academic children's hospital., Patients: CICU patients with tracheostomy placed between July 1, 2011, and July 1, 2020., Interventions: We compared patient characteristics and outcomes between early and late tracheostomy based on the duration of positive pressure ventilation (PPV) before tracheostomy placement, fitting a receiver operating characteristic curve for current survival to define a cutoff., Measurements and Main Results: Sixty-one patients underwent tracheostomy placement (0.5% of CICU admissions). Median age was 7.8 months. Eighteen patients (30%) had single ventricle physiology and 13 patients (21%) had pulmonary vein stenosis (PVS). Primary indications for tracheostomy were pulmonary/lower airway (41%), upper airway obstruction (UAO) (31%), cardiac (15%), neuromuscular (4%), or neurologic (4%). In-hospital mortality was 26% with 41% survival at the current follow-up (median 7.8 [interquartile range, IQR 2.6-30.0] mo). Late tracheostomy was defined as greater than or equal to 7 weeks of PPV which was equivalent to the median PPV duration pre-tracheostomy. Patients with late tracheostomy were more likely to be younger, have single ventricle physiology, and have greater respiratory severity. Patients with early tracheostomy were more likely to have UAO or genetic comorbidities. In multivariable analysis, late tracheostomy was associated with 4.2 times greater mortality (95% CI, 1.9-9.0). PVS was associated with higher mortality (adjusted hazard ratio [HR] 5.2; 95% CI, 2.5-10.9). UAO was associated with lower mortality (adjusted HR 0.2; 95% CI, 0.1-0.5). Late tracheostomy was also associated with greater cumulative opioid exposure., Conclusions: CICU patients who underwent tracheostomy had high in-hospital and longer-term mortality rates. Tracheostomy timing decisions are influenced by indication, disease, genetic comorbidities, illness severity, and age. Earlier tracheostomy was associated with lower sedative use and improved adjusted survival. Tracheostomy placement is a complex decision demanding individualized consideration of risk-benefit profiles and thoughtful family counseling., Competing Interests: Ms. Roberts received funding from Boston Children’s Hospital; she disclosed that she is employed with Boston Children’s Hospital. Dr. Mastropietro received funding from Carle Foundation and Bioporto. The remaining authors have disclosed that they do not have any potential conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 by the Society of Critical Care Medicine and the World Federation of Pediatric Intensive and Critical Care Societies.)

Published
2023
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