Search

Translation of shortened lexical units is in many ways problematic (Zandrahimi and Afzoon, 2017:192). This compels translators to look for other ways that they can employ in order to translate the shortened lexical units from one language into the other. The purpose of this study, therefore, is to identify the abbreviated lexical units in the English version of the Lesotho’s Intended Nationally Determined Contributions (INDC) document. This also includes the exploration of strategies that have been employed to translate abbreviations from English into Sesotho in the aforementioned document and to examine challenges that abbreviations seem to have posed during the English-Sesotho translation of the INDC document. The qualitative data of this study is categorised and presented, using the methodological principles of thematic analysis while interpretation draws from the Descriptive Translation Studies (DTS) as the major analytical tool. Both the Equivalence as well as the General and Axiomatic Principle of abbreviations translation are employed as complementary tools for data analysis. The data selected based on the purposively sampling have given evidence that programme names, project names, classification of organisations, names of departments or divisions, names of institutions and centres, names of gases and units of measurements are examples of linguistic units that have been abbreviated in the English INDC document. The study argued that the abbreviations that it analysed are equivalent to their full multi-word names that they can also replace in a text. The data further revealed that the Lesotho Meteorological Services translatoemployed borrowing a source text (ST) abbreviations in the target text (TT), omission of the ST abbreviations, descriptive translation of the ST ix abbreviation, descriptive translation plus borrowing of the ST abbreviation, as well as explicitation of the borrowed abbreviation. This study also discovered that there were different challen, National Manpower Development Secretariat

The focus of the study was on challenges faced by women of reproductive age when accessing family planning services in Maseru. The research is qualitative in nature as it sought to enable the respondents to express themselves without many interruptions. The socio-economic as well as cultural and health factors that influence women’s access to contraceptives have been documented in the study. The study findings revealed that there is high knowledge of contraceptive use among women. Respondents used mostly pills and injections. The health-related effects of using these contraceptives such as weight-gain, heavy menstrual flow and nausea resulted into some women no longer seeking family planning services even when they had confided in the healthcare worker about their problems. Contraceptives are accessed freely in public hospitals and clinics in Lesotho but young women in the study stated that they often buy expensive contraceptives in private clinics and hospitals to avoid humiliating questions that health workers in public hospitals and clinics ask them. However, married women are treated better in healthcare facilities when they seek contraceptives. COVID-19 also became a challenge for women to access contraceptives in Lesotho due to the strict lockdowns that were put in place by the government to curb the spread of the disease in 2020. This resulted in movement restrictions and when some women did manage to visit hospitals to get contraceptives, security officials would often harass them which influenced them to sometimes not get their contraceptive package. Long queues and congestion in hospitals made some women not to seek services as they feared contracting COVID-19. Shortage on contraception method of choice also made some women to abandon use of contraceptives. With these various challenges, the researcher advices the government to make contraceptive access adolescent-youth friendly so that young people receiving the services express themselves freely instead, National Manpower Development Secretariat

Cultural tourism has been recognised for its significant contribution to the economies of various countries. However, there remains a lack of investigation into its role in the socio-economic development and livelihoods of communities. This study investigated why cultural tourism was struggling to improve the socio-economic conditions of the Thaba-Bosiu communities at Ha- Khoabane and Majakaneng, using the lens of Community-Based Tourism theory. The study employed a qualitative research approach. Since the qualitative technique allowed people to express themselves, the researcher was able to investigate and gain experiences and feelings revealed by participants. The data collected from primary sources were analysed using a qualitative thematic approach. The study addresses three research questions: (1) How does skills and knowledge affect cultural tourism in its efforts to improve livelihoods in Thaba-Bosiu? (2) What is the effect of cultural activities at Thaba-Bosiu on the livelihoods of the community? and (3) How do tourism policies impact cultural tourism's ability to improve the livelihoods of local people? The findings revealed that cultural tourism was not fully successful in improving the livelihoods of the Thaba-Bosiu community. It attracted cultural activities and tourists to the area creating employment opportunities but these activities were reported to be too few and far apart to sustainable improve community’s livelihoods, National Manpower Development Secretariat

This study was conducted in Quthing, Mphaki Community Council on five villages focusing on the nature of conflict between human activities and biodiversity conservation at Lets’eng- la-Letsie. The main objectives were to assess the nature of conflict between local communities and biodiversity conservation; assessing the effect of natural resource management policy instruments and strategies; identify areas of collaboration and not- collaboration as well as assessing the effect of conflict on the communities’ livelihoods and biodiversity. A mixed method approach was used to conduct this study whereby qualitative data was initially collected through one to one interviews from nine key participants. The results obtained from them were used to structure and obtain quantitative data from seventy-two individuals on five villages. The findings obtained through thematic analysis revealed that conflict in biodiversity conservation have been negatively affected local communities’ livelihoods and biodiversity due to lack of information on policies and laws and the presence of ethnic conflict. The statistical software called Excel was used to determine whether the current biodiversity efforts had generated income for the communities and whether local communities were actively involved in the management decisions. The Cronbach’s Alpha test was used to determine the relationship between the nature of conflict and biodiversity conservation. The results obtained showed that there is an association between the nature of conflict and biodiversity conservation., National Manpower Development Secretariat

The assessment of learners’ moral development in Religious Studies is currently focused on cognitive assessment even though one of the curriculum aims of Religious Studies is to promote socially and culturally acceptable behaviour. These moral competencies are challenging to assess effectively through cognitive evaluation alone, as it fails to address observable moral character. This is a misalignment with the aims of Religious Education, which aims to promote a holistic moral development. Hence, this study intended to redirect attention towards the evaluation of learners’ observable moral development in order to improve assessment in Religious Studies. This study was underpinned by Kant’s deontological ethical theory which proposes that individuals have a moral duty to behave in a manner that conforms to a certain set of principles and regulations, irrespective of the consequences. In addition, the study adopted qualitative approach and phenomenological design. Data was generated through semi-structured interviews with ten Religious Studies teachers who were selected purposively from five church secondary schools in Maseru. The key finding of this study indicate that evaluating learners’ observable moral growth is significant in determining their behavioural transformation. The findings further show that despite the aims of the Lesotho Basic Education Curriculum Policy to introduce portfolio assessment to assess affective competencies, Religious Studies teachers have not implemented portfolio assessment in to their assessment practices when assessing learners’ moral development. This indicates that assessing the attainment in the affective aspects of moral growth is not currently prioritised. It is therefore recommended that Religious Studies teachers receive ongoing in-service training on the use of portfolio assessment and other methods of assessment aimed at assessing affective competencies. Finally, the study emphasises the need for the National Curriculum Deve, National University of Lesotho

The COVID-19 pandemic came as a health crisis to the rest of the world. In Lesotho, the government’s response to curb the pandemic was implemented in March 2020. The measures taken were social distancing, lockdown, closure of borders, and shutdown of all activities with room allowed for provision of essential services. Although the measures were intended to curb the spread of the virus, they also had unintended consequences on the economy where the livelihoods of the people have been impacted; wool and mohair farmers were not an exception. Despite contributing positively to the GDP and job creation, the sector was affected by lockdown, and closure of borders where farmers could not cross borders to buy livestock medication and food supplements. Mohair shearing was delayed; as a result, income from the sale of wool and mohair was also delayed. The income was also little compared to the previous year prior to COVID-19. Animals’ health was compromised to some extent, and some died. There was a loss of livelihoods and employment to herders due to the pandemic as most farmers rely completely on wool and mohair. The government needed to intervene as a remedy and booster to the wool and mohair sector for it to recover, National Manpower Development Secretariat

The study set out to investigate the disciplinary measures adopted by school management teams in dealing with teacher misconduct in Maseru Post Primary Schools. The specific objectives of this study were to identify school disciplinary measures against teacher misconduct in post primary schools; determine the challenges faced by school authorities in enforcing disciplinary measures in post primary schools; examine the role played by school management teams in addressing the issues of teacher misconduct in post primary schools and finally to suggest strategies that can be adopted by management teams to deal with teacher misconduct in post primary schools. The study was undertaken within which five schools in the Maseru City which were purposively selected. A qualitative survey was undertaken whereby principals, HOD’s and school governing board members were interviewed. There were three participants from each school and this resulted in a total sample of fifteen participants who were chosen purposively for the study. The study found that on the issue of disciplinary measure against teacher misconduct, the SMT’s use both preventive measures (formal and informal) and lawfully permitted measures in their schools against teacher misconduct. Those include sending teachers for rehabilitation, demotion, encouragement to resign and others such as issue of warnings (Verbal and written). With regard to the challenges, it was found that enforcement of discipline of teachers include their educational background, lack of fairness on the part of management, lack of remuneration for SGBs, legal framework and lack of training for both teachers and school authorities on issues related to teacher discipline., National Manpower Development Secretariat

Business Studies is one of the subjects in the Lesotho secondary curriculum, and its aims and Lesotho’s educational aims seem to align. Such goals include educating for socio-economic development with opportunities for entrepreneurship to produce self and wage employment jobs as well as opportunities for further education at international levels. However, reports show unsatisfactory academic performance in Business Studies to the extent that schools are phasing it out from the list of subjects they offer, allegedly as a result of that poor performance. One report showed that learners fail Business Studies due to lack of content and inability to respond to high- order questions requiring application, analysis and evaluation in examinations. The poor performance in Business Studies brings into question the issue of learning strategies learners use to learn this subject. This study employed a mixed methods approach to explore the learning strategies used by learners to learn Business Studies. Twenty-eight Business Studies Grade 11 learners were purposively sampled to participate in the study at one secondary school in Botha- Bothe district, Lesotho. Questionnaire, interviews and focus groups were used as data collection tools for this study and content analysis was employed to analyse and interpret the data. The findings show that there are many learning strategies used by learners to learn Business Studies in different contexts. Some of these strategies could be helpful and assist learners in acquiring sufficient content of Business Studies needed for examinations while others could help learners in the development of high-order skills, National Manpower Development Secretariat

In order to answer the research question, we will pursue the following objectives. In Chapter 1, we will examine underpinnings of the criticism of international law to situate our research into the wider theoretical debate. Chapter 2 will be devoted to understanding the concept of external outcasting as well as its origins and limitations. In Chapter 3 we will visit previous academic efforts to assess outcasting regime imposed on Russia and define the research gap. In Chapter 4 situates external outcasting of Russia into legal history perspective as a pivotal development of the prohibition on the use of force. Finally, Chapter 5 addressed basic characteristics of the mentioned outcasting regime including its legal basis and configuration.

In der werkmonographischen Magistra-Arbeit behandele ich die im Zusammenhang des Deutsch-französischen Krieges für die französische Rezeption bedeutsame Zweifigurengruppe „Gloria victis“ (ein Verweis auf das Vae victis des Livius) des Bildhauers Antonin Mercié. Diese wurde im Pariser Salon gezeigt und fungierte in unterschiedlichen Ausführungen sowohl als Kriegerdenkmal (u.a. in Bourdeaux), als auch in repräsentativer Funktion im Hôtel de Ville in Paris sowie als kleinformatige Statuette in den Privaträumen von Sarah Bernhardt. Es werden zeithistorische und biographische Hintergründe geliefert, woraufhin die politische Ikonographie entschlüsselt und die Aufstellung in den einzelnen Kontexten erläutert wird.

Im Zentrum der vorliegenden Masterarbeit stehen ausgewählte Kriegsfotografien aus Deutschland, mit denen die amerikanische Fotografin Lee Miller das Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges dokumentierte. Nach Beendigung ihrer Modelkarriere tauschte Elizabeth „Lee“ Miller (1907-1977) die Rollen und machte sich Anfang der 1930er-Jahre einen Namen als renommierte Fotografin im Bereich der Kunst- und Modefotografie. Während ihrer Zusammenarbeit mit Man Ray kam sie Ende der 1920er in Kontakt mit der Pariser Avantgarde, wobei vor allem die Bildsprache des Surrealismus nachhaltigen Einfluss auf das weitere Werk der Fotografin ausübte. Im Rahmen ihrer Zusammenarbeit mit dem Modemagazin Vogue begleitete Miller als akkreditierte Kriegsreporterin die amerikanischen Truppen durch Europa und berichtete über die Invasion der Alliierten. Fotografien hatten mit dem Aufkommen der Magazine in den 1930er-Jahren einen großen Stellenwert innerhalb der Berichterstattung erlangt und dienten während des Zweiten Weltkrieges vorwiegend propagandistischen Zwecken. Vogue verfolgte mit Millers Kriegsberichterstattung das vordergründige Ziel, den Kriegseintritt der Alliierten unter der weiblichen Bevölkerung zu propagieren und für dessen Unterstützung zu werben. Neben einer ausführlichen Beschreibung der Aufnahmen aus Leipzig, Buchenwald, Dachau und München werden die zugrundeliegenden historischen Begebenheiten erörtert. Der Schwerpunkt der Masterarbeit liegt auf den Besonderheiten der Motive und Kompositionen von Lee Millers Kriegsfotografien. Anhand zahlreicher Vergleiche wird unter anderem folgenden Fragen nachgegangen: Welche motivischen Referenzen sind erkennbar? Lassen sich Parallelen zu der für das Kriegsende typischen Ikonografie feststellen? Zudem werden die jeweiligen Fotografien in den Kontext von Millers Reportagen und diverser privater Nachrichten gestellt. Da vor allem die Fotografien aus den befreiten Konzentrationslagern Buchenwald und Dachau die Betrachtenden mit unsagbarem Leid konfronti

In der kunsthistorischen Forschung war bislang kaum etwas über die großbürgerliche jüdische Familie Kolker aus Breslau bekannt, die in den letzten Jahren des Kaiserreichs Werke der deutschen und französischen Moderne sammelte. Auf Basis teils neu erschlossener Quellen aus deutschen, polnischen und anderen internationalen Archiven sowie der Auswertung von ausgewählter Primär- und Sekundärliteratur erforscht die 2022 an der Technischen Universität Berlin eingereichte und für die Publikation erweiterte, korrigierte Masterarbeit erstmals die Geschichte und das Verfolgungsschicksal der Familie Kolker von der zweiten Hälfte des 19. Jahrhunderts bis zu ihrer Emigration in der NS-Zeit. Sie versucht, die vergleichsweise kleinen Kunstsammlungen des Großhandelskaufmanns und Unternehmers Konsul Hugo Kolker (1845‒1915) und seines Neffen Hubert-Erich Kolker (1885‒1918) zu rekonstruieren und die Werke zu identifizieren. Dazu untersucht sie deren Erwerbungen auf dem deutschen und französischen Kunstmarkt und zeichnet ihre Veräußerung beziehungsweise die Verlustumstände nach. Das in diesem Rahmen erstellte kommentierte Verzeichnis der besser dokumentierten Sammlung Hugo Kolkers versteht sich als erste Bestandsaufnahme und soll eine Grundlage für die weitergehende Provenienzforschung zum Kunstbesitz der Familie schaffen. Die exemplarische Provenienzrecherche zu dem Lovis-Corinth-Gemälde "Der Wasserfall" aus dem Alteigentum von Hubert-Erich Kolkers Sohn Berndt Lothar Kolker (1916‒1990) spricht nach der Auswertung vieler Quellen für einen NS-verfolgungsbedingten Verlust des Bildes. Die Arbeit möchte, um mit Anna-Carolin Augustin zu sprechen, „Leerstellen“, die durch die „memorialpolitische Auslöschung“ NS-Verfolgter entstanden sind, „wieder mit Wissen anreichern“ und im Fall des Corinth-Gemäldes dazu beitragen, eine „gerechte und faire Lösung“ nach heutigen Maßstäben zu finden. Hugo Kolker gründete 1877 gemeinsam mit seinem Bruder Bruno (1848‒1909) das Familienunternehmen Gebrüder Kolk

Drängende globale Fragen betreffend Umwelt, Gesundheit und Technik stellen Science Center und naturwissenschaftliche Museen vor die Herausforderung, Historisches sowie Traditionelles zu bewahren und zugleich aktuelle, komplexe Themen für ein breites Publikum zeitgemäß aufzubereiten: einerseits um die laufende Forschung zu rechtfertigen, andererseits um die Gesellschaft fachlich versiert und auf moderne Art für präsente Themen zu sensibilisieren, Fake News entgegenzuwirken und so als Institution gesellschaftlich relevant zu bleiben. Ziel dieser interdisziplinären Masterarbeit ist es, mittels einer qualitativen Untersuchung einen tieferen Eindruck zu gewinnen, wie sich die (mediengestützte) Vermittlung derzeit in ausgewählten naturwissenschaftlichen Museen und Science Centern im deutschsprachigen Raum gestaltet. Der im ersten Teil der Arbeit präsentierte historische Überblick zeigt die allgemeine Entwicklung der Wissenschaftskommunikation, konkreter der Wissenschaftsvermittlung im Ausstellungsbereich auf. Er veranschaulicht das Spannungsfeld aus traditionellen analogen sowie modernen digitalen Vermittlungslösungen – das heißt Medien, Methoden und Formaten zur Vermittlung –, in dem sich Science Center und Museen bis heute bewegen und gegenseitig beeinflussen. Das spiegelt auch Teil zwei der Arbeit wider, bestehend aus qualitativen Interviews mit Verantwortlichen ausgewählter Häuser aus Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz. Die Studie ergibt ein breites Spektrum an Vermittlungslösungen, veranschaulicht deren Vor- und Nachteile und macht deutlich, dass die Häuser strategisch auf eine Mischung aus analogen und digitalen Medien setzen. Im Hinblick auf Letztere zeigen sich die Häuser zwar offen, zumal die Coronapandemie diesbezügliche Entwicklungen befeuert hat, aber aufgrund diverser Herausforderungen, z. B. technischer und finanzieller Natur, immer noch zurückhaltend. Ferner zeigt die Arbeit, dass sich digitale Vermittlungslösungen im Vergleich zu analogen nicht pausch, In view of the current global issues concerning health, technology, and the environment, science centers and science museums are facing the challenge of preserving history and tradition while presenting topics of an increasingly complex world in a modern way for a broad audience. To remain socially relevant as institutions, they not only have to justify ongoing research, but also to sensitize society to current topics in a professional and contemporary manner, for example, to counteract fake news. The aim of this interdisciplinary Master’s thesis is to use qualitative research to gain a deeper understanding of how (mediated) communication is currently being conducted in selected science museums and science centers in German-speaking countries. The historical overview presented in the first part of the thesis shows the development of how science is communicated in the exhibition sector. The development illustrates the tension between traditional analogue and modern digital solutions (including media, methods, and formats for communication). Science centers and museums still operate under this tension and are influencing each other today. This is also reflected in the second part of the thesis, which includes qualitative interviews with representatives from selected institutions from Austria, Germany, and Switzerland. This study reveals a broad spectrum of communication solutions, illustrates their advantages and disadvantages, and shows that the examined institutions opt for a mixture of analogue and digital media. Although the institutions are open to the latter, especially as the coronavirus pandemic has fueled developments in this area, they are still cautious due to challenges such as technical issues and costs. The work also shows that the effectiveness of digital and analogue communication solutions in reaching their audience depends on a variety of factors such as content aspects and media skills. Furthermore, the study found two areas that can be improved: 1), vorgelegt von Julia Ecker, M.Sc., BA, Summary in englischer Sprache, Masterarbeit Universität Innsbruck 2024

This aparté reports on a master thesis that brings together environmental and architectural questions through the study of a semi-cylindrical corrugated iron sheet. The thesis takes the form of a narrative that moves through different territories and traces the history of this architectural form across four cases: house K. designed by Belgian architects De Smet and Vermeulen in 1989; the Nissen hut, a wartime shelter invented by the British army in 1916; the Quonset hut, an update of the same shelter by the US Army in 1941; and Farmer’s House designed by Japanese architect Osamu Ishiyama in 1973. What does the turning of a metal plate into the main protagonist of a narrative allow for in the writing of a fragment of architectural history? To answer this question, the text highlights the different roles the corrugated panel plays in the narrative: that of subject, observation post, and connecting agent. As such, corrugated iron allows for architectural analyses to be integrated into an environmental narrative, for disturbed environments to be observed, and for further connections to be brought to light between war and post-war periods, and between the history of Belgian and Japanese architecture., info:eu-repo/semantics/published

This thesis explores the relationship between tourism and economic development in the Leribe District of Lesotho. Lesotho, a landlocked country in southern Africa, has recognized the potentiaof tourism as a driver of economic growth and development. The Leribe District, known for its breathtaking natural landscapes, cultural heritage, and historical sites, has emerged as a significant tourism destination within the country. The primary objective of this study is to examine the impact of tourism on the economic development of the Leribe District. By employing a mixed-methods approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative data, the research investigates various dimensions of tourism, including visitor arrivals, tourism revenue, employment generation, and multiplier effects on local businesses. The study assesses the existing tourism infrastructure, including accommodation facilities, transportation networks, and tourism services, to identify strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and challenges. Additionally, it explores the perceptions, experiences, and satisfaction levels of tourists visiting the Leribe District, shedding light on their motivations, preferences, and the overall quality of their experiences. Furthermore, the research investigates the socio-economic implications of tourism in the Leribe District, analyzing its contribution to income generation, poverty alleviation, and community development. It examines the extent of local community participation in tourism activities and the distribution of benefits among various stakeholders, including local businesses, residents, and indigenous communities. The findings of this study provide insights into the potential of tourism as a catalyst for economic development in the Leribe District. They inform policymakers, tourism planners, and local communities on the strategies and interventions needed to maximize the positive impacts of tourism while mitigating any potential negative consequences. Ultimately, National Manpower Development Secretariat

The renewable energy potential for Lesotho has been sufficiently studied with only a limitation of which specific places could such energy be derived. The country does not have an integrated renewable energy plan (IRP) to help direct its efforts to address the problem of energy insecurity, low energy supply and over 50 percent dependence on electricity imports from South Africa and Mozambique. Most of the resources have been spent haphazardly and unprofitably in a bid to address access to energy problem. The objective of this study is to create an IRP that responds to cost effectiveness in Lesotho for 2022 to 2040 and to identify suitable places for renewable energy generation using Geographic Information System (QGIS) capabilities in order to increase the baseload capacity for Lesotho. These objectives were achieved by evaluating the existing renewable energy resources, especially solar and wind by determining suitable places for power generation to meet the ever-growing demand. This was achieved by first establishing the aggregated forecast electricity demand using the existing studies and this forecast formed the basis for envisaged future power demand for Lesotho. For example, the electricity demand is projected to reach 350MW in 2040. Secondly, proximity analysis results of the resource base to the grid, primary road infrastructure and substations at 3.5km and 15km buffer zones were done to determine suitable areas for renewable energy generation. The identified places were examined and the amount of energy that could be generated from them was estimated and evaluated. The findings showed that a total of 310MW added into the main grid cumulatively from both wind and solar resources from 2022 to 2040 would result in electricity supply independence for the country. The cheapest option in a generation was given first priority in terms of when to enter into the generation stream to meet the existing demand during scheduling in the determination of the optimum IRP., National Manpower Development Secretariat

Lately, learners show different negative emotional and behavioural changes in schools due to bullying. These bullying incidences have affected learners‟ performance and attendance at school. Some learners have resorted to dropping out of school because of fear of being bullied. This study explores strategies that School Management Teams could use to curb bullying for effective teaching and learning because School Management Team is the administrative team in the school responsible for daily running of the school. The collection of data was done using qualitative approach employing a case study design as it allowed the researcher to gain deeper first-hand information about the extent of bullying in schools. Data was then analyzed using thematic analysis. Twenty six purposively selected participants were interviewed. The findings of the study show that learners go through different types of bullying because of socio-economic backgrounds, gender orientation, ethnicity and other differentiation factors. They also reveal that physical and verbal bullying are the most common types of bullying. Moreover, the findings also reveal that in some schools, victims are not supported while in others they are counseled and perpetrators punished. Participants also showed that in order to curb bullying, perpetrators should be expelled while other participants were of the view that they should be suspendedas that will give them time to reflect on their actions. The study recommends to the Ministry of Education and Training development of clear policies that address bullying with the aim to help SMTs and create favourable teaching and learning environments. Additionally, the study recommends that SMTs should also develop school-based policies that address bullying, National Manpower Development Secretariat

The study investigated teachers’ experiences of teaching creative thinking skills in Lesotho classrooms. The enhancement of creative thinking skills (CTS) is required for lifelong learning and as significant skill in the 21st century in Lesotho schools. Using a qualitative approach, data for this study was collected from eight teachers using semi-structured interviews. These teachers were intentionally selected from a High School in the Leribe district. This study revealed that teachers in Lesotho rarely teach CTS in their classrooms because they have inadequate knowledge and skills relating to teaching this skill, schools lack resources to assist teachers, and the Ministry of Education and Training’s lack of support in the schools’CTS teaching. Thus, much as Lesotho's education policy on curriculum and assessment recommends this skill to be taught in the classroom, the conditions that exist in the schools comprise the teaching of CTS; therefore, this study recommends that the Ministry of Education and Training find ways of supervising and monitoring the implementation of CTS in Lesotho classrooms. The study also recommends that the Ministry should offer training programmes to develop school management and teachers’ pedagogical skills relating to CTS, National Manpower Development Secretariat

Firewood trading in Roma came about mainly as a result of the high levels of poverty and unemployment. This livelihood-making strategy may seem cost-efficient to start as it does not require much capital. With only a hand saw, the business can commence. However, numerous challenges associated with firewood trading prohibit traders from generating enough income to support their households. Most of the firewood traders in Roma are breadwinners that rely on firewood trading as the primary source of income. Due to firewood trading ineffectiveness, they still live in poverty. In Roma, firewood marketing does not pose much environmental threat because it is done on a small scale. In addition, conservation measures are put into practice, National manpower Development Secretariat

Accelerated Teaching and Learning in Lesotho schools. The study adopted a qualitative methodology and semi-structured interviews to gather data from nine participants purposely selected from three schools in the Berea district. The data collected included (1) How the AL/ATL was introduced in schools; (2) Instructional leaders’ roles in implementing and managing the strategy; (3) The challenges they encountered in fulfilling their roles; (4) Strategies they used to solve the challenges and the effectiveness of such strategies; and (5) The general views about the introduction of AL/ATL in schools, whether it has achieved its intended purpose. The findings revealed that the strategy was introduced in schools upon re-opening of schools after closure due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The purpose of introducing AL/ATL was to assist teachers in covering content not done when schools were closed together with the current grade content quickly. Instructional leaders were not familiar with this strategy prior to its introduction. The findings also established that the roles played by instructional leaders were to supervise and support teachers, provide resources and to encourage and monitor teachers to work properly. The findings revealed that instructional leaders encountered challenges in fulfilling their roles, namely a lack of resources and knowledge to implement the strategy and demotivated teachers and learners. They solved those challenges by engaging parents, improvising, teaching theory and leaving out practical part of the syllabus, inviting District Resource Teachers and counsellors. It was revealed that some of these strategies were effective while others were not. The findings indicated that the strategy achieved its purpose to a certain extent. Based on the findings, it is recommended that the MoET should provide intense training to the instructional leaders and teachers and provide resources to achieve the desired outcomes in Lesotho schools, National Manpower Development Secretariat

Issues related to rural inaccessibility, which include low levels of information flow and poor economic performance, constitute some of the current global concerns that have prompted the establishment of international agendas such as the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Against this background, this study aims to assess the impact of rural-urban linkages on rural economies, specifically road and communication networks and their economic implications on thelivelihoods of Mateanong community. The research is qualitative in nature and has used interviews, open-ended questionnaires and focus group discussion as its main data collection methods. The study unearths that provision of proper rural road and communication networks enhances rural economic activities through increased market access, and also paves way for inclusive development by bridging rural-urban disparities. The findings of this study further show that lack of proper road and communication networks in Mateanong community council perpetuates issues related to poor agricultural productivity, poverty and lack of access to essential services prevailing in the area. This study concludes that rural-urban linkages promote the economic livelihoods of rural residents through enhanced accessibility, mobility and information flow. The study recommends that in order to promote rural livelihoods, the Government should enhance better funding for rural road and communication networks, develop effective project follow-up initiatives, and also prioritize performance-based tendering, National Manpower Development Secretariat

Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) is a global public health concern whose incidence escalates alarmingly, along with the related death toll of mostly women. Both men and women can be IPV perpetrators, but men are the largest category of perpetrators. Even so, men’s perceptions of IPV (what it is, when or why it takes place) or, for that matter, their experiences, remain under-researched as more focus is placed on restoring affected women’s health and finding them safe alternative housing during IPV-related crisis. As such, inadequate population-based empirical studies have examined men's IPV perceptions and/or experiences in the Sub-Sahara, including Lesotho. On that background, this study had the following objectives: (a) To understudy perceptions of young adult men in Mokhotlong on Intimate Partner Violence, (b) To investigate childhood experiences of young adult men in Mokhotlong on Intimate Partner Violence, and (c) To investigate adulthood experiences of young adult men in Mokhotlong on Intimate Partner Violence. It adopted an explorative qualitative research design to collect and analyze primary data. Participants were young adult men from an Urban Settlement in Mokhotlong Lesotho, with self-reports of previous involvement in IPV who were willing to disclose such involvement. The data was collected from a snowball sample using face-to-face in-depth interviews. Under perceptions of IPV, participants described IPV as any act of physical or emotional aggression towards one’s intimate partner, adding that IPV could be justified under circumstances such as; when women were disrespectful towards men and when women were married. The participants further described their childhood IPV experiences as witnessing significant adults in their lives commit IPV without facing interpersonal or community consequence. Furthermore, participants said that in their adulthood, they had committed IPV when their intimate partners were disrespectful towards them and/or when participants, National Manpower Development Secretariat

Adolescent girls’ lives, especially those in rural educational settings, are greatly affected by period poverty also known as menstruation poverty, a pervasive and urgent problem. Menstruation is a natural occurrence, but it has recently attracted attention due to its detrimental effects on girls' educational opportunities. The primary problem centers on the issue of limited access to menstrual hygiene products and appropriate information regarding menstrual health. This has made menstruation not just a normal biological occurrence for many adolescent girls; but also, a daily struggle that is accompanied by discomfort, embarrassment, and missed opportunities. Period poverty in rural schools, where resources are frequently limited, exacerbates these issues, impeding girls' access to education, wellbeing, and overall empowerment. Qualitative research, using in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and participant observation approaches was conducted to looks at the impact of period poverty on adolescent girls in rural schools in Lesotho's Mokhotlong District. The study investigated the effectiveness of World Vision Lesotho's 'Dignity Campaign' in combating period poverty. The study found that WVL through the Dignity Campaign initiative provides menstrual products (disposable pads, reusable pads, and washing soap) and education on menstrual hygiene, including important information and instructions on how to properly use and maintain the reusable pads. The study discovered that the combination of giving menstruation products, guidance, and knowledge dissemination by WVL empowers girls to make informed choices, actively participate in healthy menstrual hygiene practices, and break free from the constraints of period poverty. While the campaign does a good job of meeting practical requirements and empowering girls, issues with upkeep of reusable pads and access to washing soap highlighted the need for holistic solutions, including thorough menstrual health education, National Manpower Development Secretariat

This study analyses the three selected drama texts, namely; Pelo ea Monna, ʼMantoa and Sephiri ke Moloi looking in to the portrayal of infidelity. In order to achieve this purpose, the study identifies and discusses different factors, types and effects of infidelity in the three aforementioned drama books. The identification and discussion are achieved by using Symbolic Interaction Theory while using qualitative approach. The findings of the study on the factors that lead to infidelity in three selected drama texts show that different people are led by different factors they come across in a day-to-day interaction hence they end up being involved in infidelity. Also, in the three selected drama text, people seemed to be triggered by different life problems, their lust as well as the society they live in that led them to be involved in infidelity. The types of infidelity are also identified and discussed. The findings shows that the types are identifies according to how the infidelity was performed. In other words, the factors that lead to infidelity determine the type of infidelity people get involved. To be specific, if a factor is lust, it is associated with emotional infidelity which might lead to other types. The effects of infidelity are determined by the how people will react when they find out that their partners have been involved in infidelity. Some may consider it infidelity if it was just sexual but some might consider it if people start flirting. In essence, different people react differently to infidelity and hence they are impacted differently., National Manpower Development Secretariat

This study investigates the philosophical, linguistic and computational dimensions of Leibniz’s ambitious scheme of mathematizing natural language and automating reasoning for the purposes of developing what he referred to as the ‘Encyclopaedia of human knowledge.’ Leibniz envisioned a universal language capable of perfectly mirroring reality and representing human knowledge through symbolism; and he referred to such a language as the characteristica universalis. In a complementary manner, he sought to develop an automated framework for logical inferences through what he referred to as the calculus ratiocinator. This study appraises the feasibility of Leibniz’s ideas in natural discourse. It provides an in-depth analysis of the historical perspectives about natural language from which Leibniz ideas emerged. It also demonstrates attempts made towards developing his universal language and the reasoning calculus. The study discusses the extent to which Leibniz’s project has been successfully implemented in the advancement of artificial intelligence research and automated reasoning in computer science and mathematics, respectively. It also evaluates the capability of Leibniz’s formalism in eliminating ambiguity, or in more general terms, semantic indeterminacy. In addition to that, the study explores certain linguistic models of ambiguity resolution which enable natural language users to use language efficiently. And in light of which, the study concludes by indicating the limitations of Leibniz’s characteristica universalis and calculus ratiocinator in natural discourse. The study also highlights the significance of natural language, despite its complexities, in natural discourse settings., National Manpower Development Secretariat

National Manpower Development Secretariat

This study discusses ways in which gender stereotypes are implied in the Basotho traditional khati song ‘kooko!’ and the selected games: khotsoane, mantloane and mokallo. The study identified some gender stereotypes in the Basotho traditional khati song ‘kooko!’ and the selected games. These identified gender stereotypes seem to be the embodiment of values expected later in children as adults. The values are instilled in children through their participation and performance of the song and the games selected for this study. Basotho traditional games and songs discussed in this study reveal some gender stereotypes where a society expects males and females to perform certain roles and responsibilities from a tender age. The study further demonstrates that certain cultural practices and rites of passage performed on either a boy and a girl-child at birth inform some gender stereotypes. Parents and grandparents are also found to be the contributing factors to these gender stereotypes as they dictate the children’s roles and responsibilities from the early stages of development. The findings also show that most of these gender stereotypes have positive impact towards attitudes and behaviour expected by the society in the children. It is therefore concluded that there are societal expectations on gender roles and responsibilities in children from a tender age. The introduction of games and songs to the children dictates different roles for boys and girls on how they have to conduct themselves intheir society in future, National Manpower Development Secretariat

The aim of this study is to determine the impact of Nkhaketse Irrigation Project on the livelihood of the communities around the project. Furthermore, the study investigated how the challenges such as low crop yield affected farmer's livelihoods in the area. Irrigation farming has been identified as the backbone of rural development in the world in general and Lesotho in particular. Irrigated agriculture is seen as an important mechanism for creating jobs, poverty reduction and most particularly, to improve livelihoods and food security. In order to achieve the above objective, the study used qualitative research method in gathering data from the main specific objective formulated which was to identify the factors hindering the effectiveness of farmers working on Nkhaketse Irrigation Project. The result of the study shows that farmers are plagued with major challenges on the irrigation project which has hindered livelihoods in Nkhaketse Irrigation Project. These challenges include the following; lack of market, unskilled labour, lack of capital, restricted fields, lack of transport and theft of crops. Other challenges raised are financial support to the farmers on the project, low level of education among farmers, lack of ownership of land by farmers and lack of proper sanitation (clean water, sewerage and toilets) in the irrigation project. The study finally recommends that the establishment of cooperative will enable farmers to have access to market and capital. This will also enable them to have powers to influence the decision making process of the project to solve the problems that are facing their project. Furthermore, it was recommended that a well-fenced project on the project and a self-managed and sustainable security system supported by the government (Ministry of Agriculture) and other stakeholders would minimize theft of crops on the scheme, National Manpower Development Secretariat

This research study explores the application of nanomaterial-modified glassy carbon electrodes (GCE) for the voltammetric determination of dopamine and uric acid. The GCE was fabricated with iron oxide, activated carbon, and graphene foam. Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction Spectroscopy (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) were used to examine the microporous activated carbon, iron oxide spherical structure (Fe3O4) particles that were attached to the graphene foam sheets. A drop-dry method was used for electrode modification. AC-Fe3O4/GF/GCE was electrochemically interrogated in the ferrocyanide redox probe using cyclic voltammetry. The current intensity and the reversibility of the redox probe were enhanced in the presence of the electrochemical sensor. Differential pulse voltammetry technique (DPV) was employed for individual determination of uric acid under the optimized experimental conditions; pH 6, scan rate 50 mV s-1, pulse width 0.05 s, pulse amplitude 0.05 V, and supporting electrolyte 0.1 M phosphate buffer solution. A detection limit of 2.55 µM was obtained with an analytical linear range of 5 - 1630 µM. All selected foreign species showed no significant interference with the electrochemical determination of uric acid. Furthermore, dopamine analysis was carried out on AC-Fe3O4/GF/GCE using DPV. The electrochemical sensing was also optimized at various analytical conditions and a detection limit of 1.47 µM was obtained in the linear dynamic range of 2.5 to 450 µM. Glucose, glutamic acid, l-lysine, and ascorbic acid are a few of the interfering species that exhibited almost no impact on dopamine detection. In addition, the simultaneous determination of uric acid and dopamine was conducted successfully. They have been determined by differential pulse voltammetry, and the modified electrode exhibited a linearity relationship over a wide range of uric acid concentrations from, National Manpower Development Secretariat

Metolong dam is located 30 km east of Maseru town, with the dam retaining wall built inside the Phuthiatsana River. The purpose of the dam is to supply portable water to Maseru, Roma Mazenod, Morija and Teyateyaneng. The Instream Flow Requirement (IFR) given post Metolong dam construction and meant to sustain life downstream of the dam was used to estimate how much hydropower can be generated from IFR. Even though the study is aimed at assessing the hydropower generation potential of the dam, it did not address the sedimentation rate occurring inside the dam per year and how much storage capacity is lost due to sedimentation. Microsoft excel spreadsheet is used to estimate how much electricity can be generated from IFR and to examine how the water temperature affects the electricity projections. The results show that the dam has the capacity to produce 65kW from In-stream flow requirement (IFR) in April, as a month with the highest IFR and 7 kW in September, as a month with the lowest IFR. These power production figures are studied together with the water temperature in three scenarios to observe the effects of water temperature on power production. The outcome is that they seem to have no significant effect. The power production is based on when a Radial flow PAT (Pump As Turbine) of 0.6 efficiency and generator of 0.955 efficiency are attached at IFR release point. The dam head ranges between 23 m – 44 m for IFR, with water releases of 0.01 m3/s – 0.3 m3/s. This power can be used for distributed generation or net metering by the Water and Sewage Company (WASCO). The financing of the project is not expected to exceed $50 000 given the condition of the already installed penstock at the recovery period of less than 4 years factoring in fluctuations of power brought by those of IFR for environmental purposes downstream of Metolong dam., National Manpower Development Secretariat

The purpose of this study is to assess the socio-economic impact of the Metolong Dam restoration program on the affected community’s livelihoods. Lesotho has in recent years experienced several constructions of bulk water projects, with the latest being the Metolong dam and reservoir. These projects are normally embedded with differing impacts on the affected communities, highlighting the need for compensation on those affected. Compensation is usually based on loss of land and other different assets. However, cash compensation for such resources has been condemned for failing to restore the welfare of communities removed from their lands and losing livelihood resources. The LHWP restoration package was largely based on a long-term compensation bundle to those affected, while Metolong restoration package provided a once-off cash transfer package accompanied with a capacity building program meant to enable affected people to create profitable livelihoods. Although Metolong's compensation package was meant to be different to that of LHWP, anecdotal evidence shows that affected community livelihoods have been negatively affected. The findings of the study revealed that the construction of Metolong dam and reservoir had adverse impacts on the societies residing in close proximity to the project site. The dam was expected to deliver many socio-economic benefits to the affected communities. However, it was determined through the findings that the project had limited positive impacts on the livelihood of the affected communities leaving them further impoverished, National Manpower Development Secretariat

The issue of natural ecology and human ecology has not been given much attention especially as a formal object of discussion. Pope John Paul II as philosopher and theologian broke away from popular understanding of ecological issues only in relation to the physical natural environment. He shocked the world of science when he ascribed the moral laws to the natural environment. Although the physical world has its logic which must be respected and cultivated, the human environment is more delicate and calls for change in life-style and attitude. The human person was called from the beginning to explore this logic and to relate it to himself and to the truth. Thus, John Paul II holds that at heart of ecological case and environmental unity is the special worth of the person. Thus, all initiatives to improve man’s natural environment; either through scientific methods or commercial methods of industrialization or urbanization should be geared to the development of the human person. Hence, this study will employ a person-centred approach as its method of understanding the relationship between man and all his environment. It attempts to find the “controlling idea”, in the ecological theology of Pope John Paul II; in order to identify this “controlling idea” hermeneutics of the spirit is used as a tool. This hermeneutics of the spirit investigates the world-view of the author and his or her philosophy. In the case of this study a personalism philosophy is employed since it stresses the value of being self-conscious and informed by his personal experiences. In summary one could say John Paul II embraced and pioneered what is now known as integral ecology. The ecology that takes into account all disciplines of inquiry that contribute to the balance of nature., National Manpower Development Secretariat