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3. The heat and health in cities (H2C) project to support the prevention of extreme heat in cities

Author

Lemonsu, A., primary, Alessandrini, J.M., additional, Capo, J., additional, Claeys, M., additional, Cordeau, E., additional, de Munck, C., additional, Dahech, S., additional, Dupont, J.C., additional, Dugay, F., additional, Dupuis, V., additional, Forceville, G., additional, Garrigou, S., additional, Garrouste, O., additional, Goret, M., additional, Goria, S., additional, Haeffelin, M., additional, Host, S., additional, Joly, C., additional, Keravec, P., additional, Kotthaus, S., additional, Laruelle, N., additional, Madelin, M., additional, Masson, V., additional, Mauclair, C., additional, Nagel, T., additional, Pascal, M., additional, Ribaud, J.F., additional, Roberts, G., additional, Rosso, A., additional, Roy, A., additional, Sabre, M., additional, Sanchez, O., additional, Stempfelet, M., additional, Wei, W., additional, Wilson, R., additional, and Wurtz, J., additional

Published
2024
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4. Evaluation of 30 urban land surface models in the Urban-PLUMBER project: Phase 1 results

Author

Lipson, MJ, Grimmond, S, Best, M, Abramowitz, G, Coutts, A, Tapper, N, Baik, J-J, Beyers, M, Blunn, L, Boussetta, S, Bou-Zeid, E, De Kauwe, MG, de Munck, C, Demuzere, M, Fatichi, S, Fortuniak, K, Han, B-S, Hendry, MA, Kikegawa, Y, Kondo, H, Lee, D-I, Lee, S-H, Lemonsu, A, Machado, T, Manoli, G, Martilli, A, Masson, V, McNorton, J, Meili, N, Meyer, D, Nice, KA, Oleson, KW, Park, S-B, Roth, M, Schoetter, R, Simon-Moral, A, Steeneveld, G-J, Sun, T, Takane, Y, Thatcher, M, Tsiringakis, A, Varentsov, M, Wang, C, Wang, Z-H, Pitman, AJ, Lipson, MJ, Grimmond, S, Best, M, Abramowitz, G, Coutts, A, Tapper, N, Baik, J-J, Beyers, M, Blunn, L, Boussetta, S, Bou-Zeid, E, De Kauwe, MG, de Munck, C, Demuzere, M, Fatichi, S, Fortuniak, K, Han, B-S, Hendry, MA, Kikegawa, Y, Kondo, H, Lee, D-I, Lee, S-H, Lemonsu, A, Machado, T, Manoli, G, Martilli, A, Masson, V, McNorton, J, Meili, N, Meyer, D, Nice, KA, Oleson, KW, Park, S-B, Roth, M, Schoetter, R, Simon-Moral, A, Steeneveld, G-J, Sun, T, Takane, Y, Thatcher, M, Tsiringakis, A, Varentsov, M, Wang, C, Wang, Z-H, and Pitman, AJ

Abstract

Accurately predicting weather and climate in cities is critical for safeguarding human health and strengthening urban resilience. Multimodel evaluations can lead to model improvements; however, there have been no major intercomparisons of urban‐focussed land surface models in over a decade. Here, in Phase 1 of the Urban‐PLUMBER project, we evaluate the ability of 30 land surface models to simulate surface energy fluxes critical to atmospheric meteorological and air quality simulations. We establish minimum and upper performance expectations for participating models using simple information‐limited models as benchmarks. Compared with the last major model intercomparison at the same site, we find broad improvement in the current cohort's predictions of short‐wave radiation, sensible and latent heat fluxes, but little or no improvement in long‐wave radiation and momentum fluxes. Models with a simple urban representation (e.g., ‘slab’ schemes) generally perform well, particularly when combined with sophisticated hydrological/vegetation models. Some mid‐complexity models (e.g., ‘canyon’ schemes) also perform well, indicating efforts to integrate vegetation and hydrology processes have paid dividends. The most complex models that resolve three‐dimensional interactions between buildings in general did not perform as well as other categories. However, these models also tended to have the simplest representations of hydrology and vegetation. Models without any urban representation (i.e., vegetation‐only land surface models) performed poorly for latent heat fluxes, and reasonably for other energy fluxes at this suburban site. Our analysis identified widespread human errors in initial submissions that substantially affected model performances. Although significant efforts are applied to correct these errors, we conclude that human factors are likely to influence results in this (or any) model intercomparison, particularly where participating scientists have varying ex

Published
2024

6. WUDAPT : An Urban Weather, Climate, and Environmental Modeling Infrastructure for the Anthropocene

Author

Ching, J., Mills, G., Bechtel, B., See, L., Feddema, J., Wang, X., Ren, C., Brousse, O., Martilli, A., Neophytou, M., Mouzourides, P., Stewart, I., Hanna, A., Ng, E., Foley, M., Alexander, P., Aliaga, D., Niyogi, D., Shreevastava, A., Bhalachandran, P., Masson, V., Hidalgo, J., Fung, J., Andrade, M., Baklanov, A., Dai, W., Milcinski, G., Demuzere, M., Brunsell, N., Pesaresi, M., Miao, S., Mu, Q., Chen, F., and Theeuwes, N.

Published
2018

14. Cooling potential of green spaces in the Vienna metropolitan area during extended periods of drought

Author

Thaler, S., Eitzinger, J., Formayer, H., Gützer, C., Hofer, A., Hörbinger, S., Masson, V., Mursch-Radlgruber, E., Perny, K., Preiss, J., Pröll, T., Rauch, H., Sadriu, M., Schmidt, S., Schoetter, R., Szocska, D., Trimmel, H., Wittkowski, M., Wöß, D., Weihs, P., Thaler, S., Eitzinger, J., Formayer, H., Gützer, C., Hofer, A., Hörbinger, S., Masson, V., Mursch-Radlgruber, E., Perny, K., Preiss, J., Pröll, T., Rauch, H., Sadriu, M., Schmidt, S., Schoetter, R., Szocska, D., Trimmel, H., Wittkowski, M., Wöß, D., and Weihs, P.

Published
2023

15. Impact of longer Drought Periods on Climate in Greater Vienna: appropriate Mitigation measures (Imp_DroP)

Author

Weihs, P., Trimmel, H., Gützer, C., Sadriu, M., Eitzinger, S., Thaler, S., Mursch-Radlgruber, E., Formayer, H., Perny, K., Pröll, T., Wöss, D., Hofer, A., Rauch, H.P., Hörbinger, S., Szocska, D., Preiss, J., Wittkowski, M., Masson, V., Schoetter, R., Sdchmidt, T., Weihs, P., Trimmel, H., Gützer, C., Sadriu, M., Eitzinger, S., Thaler, S., Mursch-Radlgruber, E., Formayer, H., Perny, K., Pröll, T., Wöss, D., Hofer, A., Rauch, H.P., Hörbinger, S., Szocska, D., Preiss, J., Wittkowski, M., Masson, V., Schoetter, R., and Sdchmidt, T.

Published
2023

21. Guidance on Measuring, Modelling and Monitoring the Canopy Layer Urban Heat Island (CL-UHI)

Author

Schlünzen, K.H., Grimmond, S., Baklanov, A. Martilli, A., Masson, V., Miao, S., Ren, C., Roth, M., Stewart, I.D., Ament, F., Chapman, L., Choo, L., Christen, A., Dipankar, A., Erell, E., Heaviside, C., Gonzalez, J., Halbig, G., Hoffmann, P., Kossmann, M., Krayenhoff, S., Po-wing Lau, S., Lean, H., McGregor, G., Nazarian, N., Saldiva, P., Shandas, V., Smith, S., Tan, J., Tarasova, O., and Voogt, J.

Abstract

The guidance provides an overview of and recommendations for measuring, modelling and monitoring the Canopy Layer urban heat island, which is based on temperature information at about 1.5 m above ground. Canopy Layer urban heat island information is one component of the integrated urban hydro-meteorological, climate and environmental services for citizens. These services may be provided directly by National Meteorological and Hydrometeorological Service (NMHS) operations, in cooperation with stakeholders or partners, or indirectly through stakeholders or partners in cities, public and private agencies.

Published
2023

22. Adapting cities to climate change: A systemic modelling approach

Author

Masson, V., Marchadier, C., Adolphe, L., Aguejdad, R., Avner, P., Bonhomme, M., Bretagne, G., Briottet, X., Bueno, B., de Munck, C., Doukari, O., Hallegatte, S., Hidalgo, J., Houet, T., Le Bras, J., Lemonsu, A., Long, N., Moine, M.-P., Morel, T., Nolorgues, L., Pigeon, G., Salagnac, J.-L., Viguié, V., and Zibouche, K.

Published
2014
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26. Urban Surface Energy Balance Models: Model Characteristics and Methodology for a Comparison Study

Author

Grimmond, C.S.B., Best, Martin, Barlow, Janet, Arnfield, A. J., Baik, J.-J., Baklanov, A., Belcher, S., Bruse, M., Calmet, I., Chen, F., Clark, P., Dandou, A., Erell, E., Fortuniak, K., Hamdi, R., Kanda, M., Kawai, T., Kondo, H., Krayenhoff, S., Lee, S. H., Limor, S.-B., Martilli, A., Masson, V., Miao, S., Mills, G., Moriwaki, R., Oleson, K., Porson, A., Sievers, U., Tombrou, M., Voogt, J., Williamson, T., Baklanov, Alexander, editor, Sue, Grimmond, editor, Alexander, Mahura, editor, and Athanassiadou, Maria, editor

Published
2009
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33. The International Urban Energy Balance Models Comparison Project : First Results from Phase 1

Author

Grimmond, C. S. B., Blackett, M., Best, M. J., Barlow, J., Baik, J.-J., Belcher, S. E., Bohnenstengel, S. I., Calmet, I., Chen, F., Dandou, A., Fortuniak, K., Gouvea, M. L., Hamdi, R., Hendry, M., Kawai, T., Kawamoto, Y., Kondo, H., Krayenhoff, E. S., Lee, S.-H., Loridan, T., Martilli, A., Masson, V., Miao, S., Oleson, K., Pigeon, G., Porson, A., Ryu, Y.-H., Salamanca, F., Shashua-Bar, L., Steeneveld, G.-J., Tombrou, M., Voogt, J., Young, D., and Zhang, N.

Published
2010

42. Evaluation of the Diurnal Cycle in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer Over Land as Represented by a Variety of Single-Column Models: The Second GABLS Experiment

Author

Svensson, G., Holtslag, A. A. M., Kumar, V., Mauritsen, T., Steeneveld, G. J., Angevine, W. M., Bazile, E., Beljaars, A., de Bruijn, E. I. F., Cheng, A., Conangla, L., Cuxart, J., Ek, M., Falk, M. J., Freedman, F., Kitagawa, H., Larson, V. E., Lock, A., Mailhot, J., Masson, V., Park, S., Pleim, J., Söderberg, S., Weng, W., and Zampieri, M.

Published
2011
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48. La biodiversité des sols est-elle impactée par l’apport de cuivre ou son accumulation dans les sols vignes ? Synthèse des connaissances scientifiques

Author

Karimi, Battle, Masson, V., Guilland, C., Leroy, E., Pellegrinelli, S., Giboulot, E., Maron, Pierre-Alain, Ranjard, Lionel, and EL Mjiyad, Noureddine

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, cuivre, sol, synthèse, vignes, biodiversité, agriculture
Abstract

Pendant 150 ans, le sulfate de cuivre a été utilisé de façon intensive comme fongicide pour lutter contre les maladies de la vigne. De ce fait, le cuivre s’est fortement accumulé dans les solsviticoles, atteignant des concentrations potentiellement nocives pour les organismes des sols.Bien que les doses de cuivre appliquées aujourd’hui soient 10 fois plus faibles qu’il y a 50 ans,son utilisation dans le contexte de la transition agroécologique est encore soumise à débat caril est un des rares pesticides autorisés en agriculture biologique. Dans ce travail, nous avonsconduit une méta-analyse de la littérature académique internationale pour objectiver l’impactdu cuivre sur la qualité biologique des sols quand il est appliqué aux doses agricoles actuelles,mais également l’impact de son accumulation dans les sols. Parmi les 300 articles passés enrevue, seulement 19 répondaient à la question de façon pertinente.Les résultats montrent que l’activité microbienne décroît de 30% à l’application d’une dosesupérieures à 400 kgCu/ha/an. L’abondance des nématodes reste inchangée pour des doses decuivre jusqu’à 3 200 kg/ha/an. La reproduction des collemboles et des enchytrées diminue de50 % après application de 400 et 1895 kgCu/ha/an respectivement. La biomasse lombricienneest réduite de 15 % après application de 200 kgCu/ha/an. D’autre part, dans des sols avec desteneurs en cuivre supérieures à 200 kgCu/ha, la respiration microbienne est réduite de 50 %.Aucun effet des teneurs en cuivre du sol n’est observé sur les collemboles. Globalement, bienqu’une toxicité du cuivre soit observée sur la biodiversité du sol, la littérature montre qu’elleconcerne des doses au moins 50 fois supérieures à la dose de 4 kgCu/ha/an actuellement auto risée par la Commission Européenne en viticulture. Par conséquent, appliquer du cuivre à 4 kgCu/ha/an ne devrait pas substantiellement modifier la qualité et les fonctions biologique du sol

Published
2021

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