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Scientific disciplines have been studying the impact of human activities on the planet since 1972 and have developed accurate scenarios. However, they have faced challenges in effecting timely changes. In their pursuit of excellence, these disciplines may have become excessively specialized, isolating themselves from one another and hindering their ability to tackle complex problems. As a solution we could envisage fostering interdisciplinary relationships between these disciplines, or involving society at large. However, both options would require dealing with different systems of evidence, languages, epistemologies, and temporalities. In the field of viticulture, despite numerous projects spanning more than two decades, the global use of harmful pesticides has persisted, leading us down a dead-end. Designing more environmentally friendly viticultural practices and extending beyond agriculture has consequently become an urgent and crucial issue. In this paper I compare the contributions of various disciplines and their relationships with one another in addressing this issue through a series of projects ranging from monodisciplinarity to interdisciplinarity. We also discuss their limitations in resolving the problem at hand. Drawing on ten years of experience in participatory-action research, we propose moving beyond interdisciplinary approaches and embracing a ‘transformative’ transdisciplinary path. This approach can profoundly transform all stages of research, from formulating questions to generating knowledge and implementing actions. Transformative participatory-action research also impacts relationships between disciplines and between researchers and societal actors, as well as the forms of reasoning involved. I suggest that such an epistemology, while better suited to dealing with complexity, can contribute to a much-anticipated sea change in the world.

Abstract Background Considered the most prevalent noncommunicable disease in childhood, dental caries is both an individual and a collective burden. While international guidelines highlight prevention as a major strategy for caries management in children, health professionals still struggle to implement prevention into their clinical practice. Further research is needed to understand the gap between the theoretical significance of dental prevention and its lack of implementation in the clinical setting. This systematic review aims to identify and classify factors perceived by health professionals to be barriers or facilitators to caries prevention in children. Method A systematic literature search was conducted in three electronic databases (Medline, Web of Science and Cairn). Two researchers independently screened titles, abstracts and texts. To be selected, studies had to focus on barriers or facilitators to caries prevention in children and include health professionals as study participants. Qualitative and quantitative studies were selected. The factors influencing caries prevention in children were sorted into 3 main categories (clinician-related factors, patient-related factors, and organizational-related factors) and then classified according to the 14 domains of the theoretical domains framework (TDF). Results A total of 1771 references were found by combining manual and database searches. Among them, 26 studies met the inclusion criteria, of which half were qualitative and half were quantitative studies. Dentists (n = 12), pediatricians (n = 11), nurses (n = 9), and physicians (n = 5) were the most frequently interviewed health professionals in our analysis. Barriers and facilitators to caries prevention in children were categorized into 12 TDF domains. The most frequently reported domains were Environmental Context and Resources, Knowledge and Professional Role and Identity. Conclusion This systematic review found that a wide range of factors influence caries prevention in children. Our analysis showed that barriers to pediatric oral health promotion affect all stages of the health care system. By highlighting the incompatibility between the health care system’s organization and the implementation of caries prevention, this study aims to help researchers and policy-makers design new interventions to improve children’s access to caries prevention. Trial registration PROSPERO CRD42022304545.

Preserving microbial diversity in food systems is one of the many challenges to be met to achieve food security and quality. Although industrialization led to the selection and spread of specific fermenting microbial strains, there are still ongoing artisanal processes that may allow the conservation of a wider species diversity and genetic diversity. We examined whether the diversity of artisanal practices could lead to an increased level in fungal species diversity for bread making. We used an interdisciplinary participatory research approach including bakers, psycho-sociologists and microbiologists to analyze French bread making practices and describe fungal communities in naturally fermented sourdough of 27 bakers and 12 farmer bakers. Bread making practices were classified in two groups: the farmer-like practice group and the artisanal-like practice group. The well-known bakery yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, was dominant (i.e. with a relative abundance over 50%) in only 24% of sourdoughs while other yeast species, belonging to the Kazachstania genus, were dominant in 54% of sourdoughs. Bread making practices were found to drive the distribution of fungal species across sourdoughs. The most striking bread making practice effect was the occurrence of Kazachstania humilis in sourdoughs made with artisanal-like practices and the occurrence of Kazachstania bulderi in sourdoughs made with farmer-like practices. Phenotypic divergences between sourdough and non-sourdough strains were found for K. humilis but not for K. bulderi. Overall, our results showed that preserving bread making practice diversity allows the preservation of a higher species and phenotypic diversity in microbial communities.

Plusieurs études ont montré que l’utilisation des matières en suspension était plus pertinente que celle du sédiment pour évaluer la contamination chimique de la matrice sédimentaire. Dans cette note, les auteurs préconisent l’utilisation de pièges à particules car ils permettent de récupérer une quantité importante de matières en suspension nécessaire aux différentes analyses chimiques et d’intégrer la dynamique de la contamination sur la période de déploiement.