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Variability of CzeV843 Cen was detected 31 March 2016 in the FOV of V834 Cen using Dk154 telescope at La Silla.

Background: Surface modification of titanium implants by anodic oxidation may lead to enhanced bone integration. For instance, in vivo studies have demonstrated formation of more bone contacts in less time than for turned control implants. In addition, oxidized implants have shown a higher resistance to torque forces, indicating a strong interlock between bone and the oxide layer. However, the structure of the oxidized titanium-bone interface in high resolution is not known. Purpose: The aim of the study was to analyze the human bone-oxidized titanium interface at a high-resolution level. Of particular interest was the relationship between bone tissue and the pores of the surface oxide. Materials and Methods: Twelve clinically retrieved implants with an oxidized surface (TiUnite™, Nobel Biocare AB, Goteborg, Sweden) were used. Seven were regular dental implants and five were experimental mini-implants and had been subjected to immediate, early, or no loading. They were retrieved after 5 to 9 months of healing and were processed and analyzed using light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in normal and back-scatter (BS-SEM) modes, and energy-dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis techniques. Results: Bone formation was observed to occur from adjacent bone structures toward the implant surface, and it was evident that bone formation had occurred at the implant surface. SEM, BS-SEM, and EDX revealed that mineralized bone had grown into the pores of the surface oxide layer, including pores with small diameters (< 2 μm). Conclusions: The clinically retrieved oxidized implants showed evidence of bone growth into the pores of the surface oxide layer. The findings indicate the establishment of a strong interlock between the bone and the oxidized titanium implant, which is suggested to be beneficial for clinical performance.

Background: An increased number of publications report that one-stage surgery and immediate/early loading of dental implants may be a feasible approach for prosthetic reconstruction of the edentate patient. However, little is known about the histologic response to implants subjected to immediate/early loading in patients. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to histologically evaluate oxidized titanium implants subjected to loading immediately following surgery or after 2 months of healing and removed after 5 to 9 months loading. Materials and Methods: Five patients participated in the study; each had consulted for implant treatment in the posterior mandible and subsequently volunteered to have extra implants inserted for the purpose of histologic research. Nine oxidized titanium implants (Branemark System® TiUnite™, Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) were retrieved after 5 to 9 months in function. Two implants had been loaded the same day, whereas seven implants were loaded after 2 months of healing. Resonance frequency analysis was performed at retrieval on seven implants. Ground sections were prepared for histology and analyzed using light microscopic morphometry. Results: Seven and 8.5 mm implants were placed, predominantly in quality 3 and 4 bone. Four implants were straight (Mk III), and five were tapered (Mk IV). All implants were clinically stable at retrieval and showed ISQ values of 65 to 79 with a mean of 71.4 ± 4.4. Eight of the implants were able to be used for histology. A gross histologic examination showed an undisturbed healing of soft and bone tissues with no apparent differences between response to immediately and early loaded implants. Lamellar bone surrounded the implants, and remodeling was evident and more marked near the implant surface. A condensation of bone toward the implant surface was seen; this resulted in a lamina dura-like structure in trabecular bone. Thin rims of newly formed bone were often seen following the contour of the implant surface. The morphometric measurements showed a mean bone-to-implant contact value of 84.2 ± 10.5% and a mean bone area value of 79.1 ± 6.8%. The two immediately loaded implants showed bone-to-implant contact and bone area values of 92.9 ± 0.1% and 84.9 ± 0.9%, respectively. The corresponding values for the six early loaded implants were 81.4 ± 10.6% and 77.1 ± 6.8%, respectively. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated that oxidized implants subjected to immediate or early loading do integrate with soft and bone tissues in the posterior mandible.

PURPOSE: To present clinical results with 9 years of follow-up of a protocol of immediately loaded implants with two different surfaces. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 44 patients received 66 Branemark System TiUnite and 55 Branemark machined implants, all immediately loaded. Control examinations were performed on the day of surgery and at 1-, 3-, and 9-year follow-up visits. RESULTS: All implant sites had intact buccal and lingual bone walls. The prefabricated provisional restorations showed an excellent fit. Three TiUnite and 8 machined implants failed within 7 weeks of loading, resulting in a cumulative survival rate of 95.5% and 85.5% respectively after 9 years of load. The survival rate for implants in a partial prosthesis was 98.8% and 92.2% for single restorations in the TiUnite group, and 87.8% and 83.2%, respectively, for partial and single resorations in the control group. The marginal bone resorption in the first year was on average 0.9 mm in the TiUnite group and 1.0 mm in the machined group; at the third year it was 0.4 and 0.5 mm, respectively. On examination at 9 years, there was a general settlement of the bone, with a negligible further loss in height. CONCLUSIONS: The unchanged survival rate and the low bone loss after 9 years confirm the feasibility of an immediate loading protocol in the mandible, which included flapless surgery. TiUnite implants obtained a 10% higher success rate compared with machined fixtures .

Immediate loading has become a widely reported practice in implant dentistry. The aim of this study is to report on the 10-year clinical and radiographic outcomes of an immediate-loading treatment protocol that included flapless surgery.Forty-six patients were treated with 97 immediately loaded Mk IV implants (Nobel Biocare) with machined surface in the maxilla. Presurgically, a three-dimensional model of each patient's soft tissue and underlying alveolar bone anatomy was created and a surgical template was fabricated. A circular mucotome was used to punch out a 5-mm hole in the mucosa to avoid flap elevation. Control examinations were performed on the day of surgery and at 1, 2, 3, 6, 8, and 10 years after surgery.All prepared implant sites had intact buccal and lingual bone walls. The prefabricated provisional restorations showed excellent fit. Nine implants failed within 8 weeks of loading, resulting in a cumulative survival rate of 91% after 10 years of loading. The survival rates were 94% for implants supporting partial prostheses and 81% for implants supporting single restorations. Average marginal bone resorption was 1 mm during the first year, 0.4 mm during the second year, and 0.1 mm during the third year and after 10 years.The unchanged survival rate and the low average bone loss after 10 years confirm the feasibility of an immediate loading treatment protocol in the maxilla that included flapless surgery.

This study clinically analyzed the efficacy of a connective tissue graft including the periosteum used as a barrier to enhance new attachment and osseous regeneration. Fifteen patients, with no systemic diseases, and adult periodontitis including 2 Class II furcation involvements in lower molars comprised the study group. After completion of the initial phase of therapy, all patients were treated with full-thickness periodontal flaps, using sulcular incisions, and thorough scaling and root planing. One furca, selected at random, had a connective tissue graft, obtained from the palate and including the periosteum, placed over the furca with the flap sutured over the top of this graft. Control furcas received no graft and the flap was sutured in its original position. Both molars were treated in the same session. The following presurgical measurements were made: probing pocket depth, attachment level, gingival recession, sulcular bleeding index, and plaque index. The horizontal and vertical dimensions of the osseous defects were recorded after flap elevation and debridement. Six months later all clinical parameters were again measured and reentry flaps were performed to measure the bony defects. No statistically significant differences were found preoperatively between control and experimental molars with respect to soft tissue and osseous measurements. Six months after surgery, the experimental molars showed, in comparison to the controls, significant reduction in pocket depth and gain in attachment level as well as in vertical and horizontal measurements of the inter-radicular osseous defect.

Background: Immediate loading of osseointegrating implants shortens the treatment time and makes it possible to give the patient an esthetic appearance during the whole treatment period. A previous retrospective clinical study showed a success rate of 94.2% after 1 year of immediate loading of fixed partial constructions in the maxilla supported by machined-surface implants. The recently introduced Branemark System® TiUnite™ (Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) surface has been shown to better maintain primary implant stability and to help achieve secondary stability earlier compared with the machined surface. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to compare TiUnite and machined-surfaced Branemark System implants when applying immediate loading of partial fixed bridges in the posterior mandible. Materials and Methods: Forty-four patients were randomized for test and control therapy. In the test group, 22 patients received 66 Branemark System TiUnite surface implants supporting 24 fixed partial bridges, all of which were connected on the day of implant insertion. In the control group, 22 patients received 55 Branemark System machined-surface implants supporting 22 fixed partial bridges, which also were connected on the day of implant insertion. All constructions were two- to four-unit bridges. Bone quality and quantity were assessed. Radiographic examinations were performed on the day of surgery/loading and at the 1-year follow-up visit. Results: Three TiUnite and eight machined-surface implants failed during the first 7 weeks of loading. This resulted in a cumulative success rate of 95.5% for TiUnite surface implants after 1 year of prosthetic load in the posterior mandible. The corresponding cumulative success rate for machined-surface implants was 85.5%. When using the machined-surface implants, the number of failed implants was significantly higher in smokers and in bone quality 4 sites. Such findings were not seen with the use of TiUnite implants, despite the fact that there were more smokers and more implants placed in bone quality 4 in this group. The marginal bone resorption after 1 year of loading was on average 0.9 mm (SD 0.7 mm) with the TiUnite implants and 1.0 mm (SD 0.9 mm) with the machined implants. Conclusions: The present study demonstrated a 10% higher success rate following immediate loading of partial fixed bridges in the posterior mandible supported by TiUnite surface implants compared with success with machined implants. When using the machined implants, the number of failed implants was significantly higher in smokers and in bone quality 4 sites. Such findings were not seen following the use of TiUnite implants.

Background: Immediate loading of dental implants shortens the treatment time and makes it possible to give the patient an esthetic appearance during the whole treatment period. Purpose: The aim of the present study was to evaluate an immediate-loading treatment protocol, which included flapless surgery, implants placed in predetermined positions and connected to prefabricated provisional restorations, and the 3-year clinical results. Materials and Methods: A total of 97 Branemark System® Mk IV implants (Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) with a machined surface were inserted in the maxillas of 46 patients. A presurgical three-dimensional model of the patients' soft tissue and underlying alveolar bone anatomy was created, which allowed the clinician to place the implants in predetermined positions and connect them to prefabricated provisional restorations. A surgical template with drilling guides corresponding to each implant was used. The apical part of the master guide was equipped with a circular “mucotome,” which punched out a 5 mm hole in the mucosa to eliminate the need for flap elevation. The patients received 25 fixed partial prostheses and 27 single-tooth restorations. Bone quality and quantity were assessed. Radiographic examinations were performed on the day of surgery/loading and at the 1-, 2-, and 3-year follow-up visits. Results: All implant sites showed intact buccal and lingual bone walls during surgery, confirming the accuracy of the bone-mapping procedure. The prefabricated temporary restorations fitted, meaning that the implants were positioned clinically in the same way as on the cast. Nine implants in eight patients failed during the first 8 weeks of loading. This resulted in a cumulative survival rate of 91% after 3 years of prosthetic load. The survival rate of splinted implants was 94%. The number of failed implants was significantly higher in cases of single-tooth replacements and placement in soft bone sites and smokers. The failed implants were successfully replaced according to a two-stage protocol. All patients finally received the expected restoration. The marginal bone resorption was on average 1.0 mm during the first year of loading, 0.4 mm during the second year, and 0.1 mm during the third year. Conclusions: The study confirmed the feasibility of an immediate-loading treatment protocol in the maxilla, which included flapless surgery, implants and abutments placed in predetermined positions, and prefabricated provisional restorations. All failures occurred within the first 2 months of loading. The unchanged survival rate and the low average bone loss found during the following 34-month study period indicate a good long-term prognosis for the performed immediate-loading treatment.