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1. Open data from the first and second observing runs of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo

Author

Rich Abbott, Thomas D. Abbott, Sheelu Abraham, Fausto Acernese, Kendall Ackley, Carl Adams, Rana X. Adhikari, Vaishali B. Adya, Christoph Affeldt, Michalis Agathos, Kazuhiro Agatsuma, Nancy Aggarwal, Odylio D. Aguiar, Amit Aich, Lorenzo Aiello, Anirban Ain, Ajith Parameswaran, Gabrielle Allen, Annalisa Allocca, Paul A. Altin, Alex Amato, Shreya Anand, Alena Ananyeva, Stuart B. Anderson, Warren G. Anderson, Svetoslava V. Angelova, Stefano Ansoldi, Sarah Antier, Stephen Appert, Koji Arai, Melody C. Araya, Joseph S. Areeda, Marc Arène, Nicolas Arnaud, Scott M. Aronson, Kg G. Arun, Stefano Ascenzi, Gregory Ashton, Stuart M. Aston, Pia Astone, Florian Aubin, Peter Aufmuth, Kellie AultONeal, Corey Austin, Valerie Avendano, Stanislav Babak, Philippe Bacon, Francesca Badaracco, Maria K.M. Bader, Sangwook Bae, Anne M. Baer, Jonathon Baird, Francesca Baldaccini, Giulio Ballardin, Stefan W. Ballmer, Anna-marie Bals, Alexander Balsamo, Gregory Baltus, Sharan Banagiri, Deepak Bankar, Rameshwar S. Bankar, Juan C. Barayoga, Claudio Barbieri, Barry C. Barish, David Barker, Kevin Barkett, Pablo Barneo, Fabrizio Barone, Bryan Barr, Lisa Barsotti, Matteo Barsuglia, Daniel Barta, Jeffrey Bartlett, Imre Bartos, Riccardo Bassiri, Andrea Basti, Mateusz Bawaj, Joseph C. Bayley, Marco Bazzan, Bence Bécsy, Michal Bejger, Imene Belahcene, Angus S. Bell, Deeksha Beniwal, Michael G. Benjamin, Joe D. Bentley, Fabio Bergamin, Beverly K. Berger, Gerald Bergmann, Sebastiano Bernuzzi, Christopher P.L. Berry, Diego Bersanetti, Alessandro Bertolini, Joseph Betzwieser, Rohan Bhandare, Ankit V. Bhandari, Jeffrey Bidler, Edward Biggs, Igor A. Bilenko, Garilynn Billingsley, Ross Birney, Ofek Birnholtz, Sebastien Biscans, Matteo Bischi, Sylvia Biscoveanu, Aparna Bisht, Guldauren Bissenbayeva, Massimiliano Bitossi, Marieanne A. Bizouard, Kent K. Blackburn, Jonathan Blackman, Carl D. Blair, David G. Blair, Ryan M. Blair, Fabrizio Bobba, Nina Bode, Michel Boer, Yannick Boetzel, Gilles Bogaert, Francois Bondu, Edgard Bonilla, Romain Bonnand, Phillip Booker, Boris A. Boom, Rolf Bork, Valerio Boschi, Sukanta Bose, Vladimir Bossilkov, Joel Bosveld, Yann Bouffanais, Antonella Bozzi, Carlo Bradaschia, Patrick R. Brady, Alyssa Bramley, Marica Branchesi, Jim E. Brau, Matteo Breschi, Tristan Briant, Joseph H. Briggs, Francesco Brighenti, Alain Brillet, Marc Brinkmann, Patrick Brockill, Aidan F. Brooks, Jonathan Brooks, Daniel D. Brown, Sharon Brunett, Giacomo Bruno, Robert Bruntz, Aaron Buikema, Tomasz Bulik, Henk J. Bulten, Alessandra Buonanno, Damir Buskulic, Robert L. Byer, Miriam Cabero, Laura Cadonati, Giampietro Cagnoli, Craig Cahillane, Juan Calderón Bustillo, Jack D. Callaghan, Thomas A. Callister, Enrico Calloni, Jordan B. Camp, Maurizio Canepa, Kipp C. Cannon, Huy-tuong Cao, Junwei Cao, Giovanni Carapella, Franco Carbognani, Santiago Caride, Matthew F. Carney, Gregorio Carullo, Julia Casanueva Diaz, Claudio Casentini, Javier Castañeda, Sarah Caudill, Marco Cavaglià, Fabien Cavalier, Roberto Cavalieri, Giancarlo Cella, Pablo Cerdá-Durán, Elisabetta Cesarini, Oualid Chaibi, Kabir Chakravarti, Chiwai Chan, Manleong Chan, Shiuh Chao, Philip Charlton, Eve A. Chase, Eric Chassande-Mottin, Deep Chatterjee, Mayank Chaturvedi, Hsin-yu Y. Chen, Xu Chen, Yanbei Chen, Hai-ping Cheng, Chi-kit K. Cheong, Hanyu Y. Chia, Francesco Chiadini, Roberto Chierici, Andrea Chincarini, Antonino Chiummo, Gihyuk Cho, Heesuk S. Cho, Min-a Cho, Nelson Christensen, Qi Chu, Sheon Chua, Ka-wai W. Chung, Shinkee Chung, Giacomo Ciani, Pawel Ciecielag, Marek Cieślar, Alexei A. Ciobanu, Riccardo Ciolfi, Francesco Cipriano, Alessio Cirone, Filiberto Clara, James A. Clark, Patrick Clearwater, Sebastien Clesse, Frederic Cleva, Eugenio Coccia, Pierre-francois Cohadon, David Cohen, Marta Colleoni, Christophe G. Collette, Christopher Collins, Monica Colpi, Marcio Constancio Jr., Livia Conti, Sam J. Cooper, Paul Corban, Thomas R. Corbitt, Isabel Cordero-Carrión, Silvia Corezzi, Kenneth R. Corley, Neil Cornish, David Corre, Alessandra Corsi, Stefano Cortese, Cesar A. Costa, Roberto Cotesta, Michael W. Coughlin, Scott B. Coughlin, Jeanpierre Coulon, Stefan T. Countryman, Peter Couvares, Pep B. Covas, David M. Coward, Matthew J. Cowart, Dennis C. Coyne, Robert Coyne, Jolien D. E. Creighton, Teviet D. Creighton, Jonathan Cripe, Michael Croquette, Sgwynne G. Crowder, Jean-rene Cudell, Torrey J. Cullen, Alan Cumming, Rebecca Cummings, Liam Cunningham, Elena Cuoco, Malgorzata Curylo, Tito Dal Canton, Gergely Dálya, Aykutlu Dana, Lara M. Daneshgaran-Bajastani, Beatrice D’Angelo, Stefan L. Danilishin, Sabrina D’Antonio, Karsten Danzmann, Christian Darsow-Fromm, Arnab Dasgupta, Laurence E. H. Datrier, Vincenzo Dattilo, Ishant Dave, Michel Davier, Gareth S. Davies, Derek Davis, Edward J. Daw, Dan DeBra, Malathi Deenadayalan, Jerome Degallaix, Martina De Laurentis, Samuel Deléglise, Matthew Delfavero, Nicola De Lillo, Walter Del Pozzo, Lindsay M. DeMarchi, Virginia D’Emilio, Nicholas Demos, Thomas Dent, Roberto De Pietri, Rosario De Rosa, Camilla De Rossi, Riccardo DeSalvo, Omar de Varona, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, Mario C. Díaz, Mauricio Diaz-Ortiz Jr., Tim Dietrich, Luciano Di Fiore, Chiara Di Fronzo, Cinzia Di Giorgio, Fabrizio Di Giovanni, Matteo Di Giovanni, Tristano Di Girolamo, Alberto Di Lieto, Binlei Ding, Sibilla Di Pace, Irene Di Palma, Francesco Di Renzo, Atul K. Divakarla, Artemiy Dmitriev, Zoheyr Doctor, Fred Donovan, Katherine L. Dooley, Suresh Doravari, Iain Dorrington, Thomas P. Downes, Marco Drago, Jenne C. Driggers, Zhihui Du, Jean-gregoire Ducoin, Peter Dupej, Ofelia Durante, Domenico D’Urso, Sheila E. Dwyer, Paul J. Easter, Graeme Eddolls, Bruce Edelman, Tega B. Edo, Oliver Edy, Anamaria Effler, Phil Ehrens, Johannes Eichholz, Stephen S. Eikenberry, Marc Eisenmann, Robert A. Eisenstein, Aldo Ejlli, Lucianolucianikerrico Errico, Reed C. Essick, Hector Estelles, Dimitri Estevez, Zachariah B. Etienne, Todd Etzel, Matthew Evans, Tom M. Evans, Rebecca E. Ewing, Viviana Fafone, Stephen Fairhurst, Xilong Fan, Stefania Farinon, Benjamin Farr, Will M. Farr, Edward J. Fauchon-Jones, Marc Favata, Maxime Fays, Mariana Fazio, Jon Feicht, Martin M. Fejer, Fangchen Feng, Edit Fenyvesi, Deborah L. Ferguson, Alvaro Fernandez-Galiana, Isidoro Ferrante, Elvis C. Ferreira, Tabata A. Ferreira, Francesco Fidecaro, Irene Fiori, Donatella Fiorucci, Maya Fishbach, Ryan P. Fisher, Rosalba Fittipaldi, Margot Fitz-Axen, Vincenzo Fiumara, Raffaele Flaminio, Erik Floden, Eric Flynn, Heather Fong, Antonio A. Font, Perry Forsyth, Jean-daniel Fournier, Sergio Frasca, Franco Frasconi, Zsolt Frei, Andreas Freise, Raymond Frey, Valentin Frey, Peter Fritschel, Valery V. Frolov, Gabriele Fronzè, Paul Fulda, Michael Fyffe, Hunter A. Gabbard, Bhooshan U. Gadre, Sebastian M. Gaebel, Jonathan R. Gair, Shanika Galaudage, Dhruva Ganapathy, Sharad G. Gaonkar, Cecilio García-Quirós, Fabio Garufi, Bubba Gateley, Sergio Gaudio, Gayathri Gayathri, Gianluca Gemme, Eric Genin, Alberto Gennai, Daniel George, Jogy George, Laszlo Gergely, Sudarshan Ghonge, Abhirup Ghosh, Archisman Ghosh, Shaon Ghosh, Bruno Giacomazzo, Joe A. Giaime, Dwayne D. Giardina, Des R. Gibson, Chalisa Gier, Kiranjyot Gill, Jane Glanzer, Jan Gniesmer, Patrick Godwin, Evan Goetz, Ryan Goetz, Niklas Gohlke, Boris Goncharov, Gabriela González, Gopakumar Gopakumar, Sarah E. Gossan, Matthieu Gosselin, Romain Gouaty, Benjamin Grace, Aniello Grado, Massimo Granata, Alastair Grant, Slawomir Gras, Philippe Grassia, Corey Gray, Rachel Gray, Giuseppe Greco, Anna C. Green, Rhys Green, Elizabeth M. Gretarsson, Hannah L. Griggs, G. Grignani, Andrea Grimaldi, Stefan J. Grimm, Hartmut Grote, Steffen Grunewald, Pierre Gruning, Gianluca M. Guidi, Andre R. Guimaraes, Gerard Guixé, Hitesh K. Gulati, Yuefan Guo, Anuradha Gupta, Anchal Gupta, Pawan Gupta, Eric K. Gustafson, Dick Gustafson, Leila Haegel, Odysse Halim, Evan D. Hall, Eleanor Z. Hamilton, Giles Hammond, Maria Haney, Manuela M. Hanke, Jonathan Hanks, Chad Hanna, Mark D. Hannam, Otto A. Hannuksela, Travis J. Hansen, Joe Hanson, Thomas Harder, Terra Hardwick, Haris Haris, Jan Harms, Gregg M. Harry, Ian W. Harry, Raine K. Hasskew, Carl-johan Haster, Karen Haughian, Fergus J. Hayes, James Healy, Antoine Heidmann, Matthew C. Heintze, Joscha Heinze, Henrich Heitmann, Frances Hellman, Patrice Hello, Gary Hemming, Martin Hendry, Siong S. Heng, Eric Hennes, Jan-simon Hennig, Michele Heurs, Stefan Hild, Tanja Hinderer, Sarah Y. Hoback, Sven Hochheim, Elyssa Hofgard, David Hofman, Aaron M. Holgado, Nathan A. Holland, Kathy Holt, Daniel E. Holz, Paul Hopkins, Christian Horst, James Hough, Eric J. Howell, Charlie G. Hoy, Yiwen Huang, Moritz T. Hübner, Eliu A. Huerta, Dominique Huet, Brennan Hughey, Victor Hui, Sascha Husa, Sabina H. Huttner, Rachael Huxford, Tien Huynh-Dinh, Bartosz Idzkowski, Alberto Iess, Henri Inchauspe, Craig Ingram, Giuseppe Intini, Jean M. Isac, Max Isi, Bala R. Iyer, Thibaut Jacqmin, Sameer J. Jadhav, Shreejit P. Jadhav, Alasdair L. James, Karan Jani, Nagaraj N. Janthalur, Piotr Jaranowski, Deep Jariwala, Rafel Jaume, Alex C. Jenkins, Jun Jiang, Grace R. Johns, Aaron W. Jones, Ian I. Jones, Jeff D. Jones, Philip Jones, Russell Jones, Reinier J. G. Jonker, Ju Ju, Jonas Junker, Chinmay V. Kalaghatgi, Vassiliki Kalogera, Brittany Kamai, Shivaraj Kandhasamy, Gungwon Kang, Jonah B. Kanner, Shasvath J. Kapadia, Sudarshan Karki, Rahul Kashyap, Marie Kasprzack, Wolfgang Kastaun, Stavros Katsanevas, Erik Katsavounidis, William Katzman, Steffen Kaufer, Keita Kawabe, Fabien Kéfélian, David Keitel, Azadeh Keivani, Ross Kennedy, Joey S. Key, Sudiksha Khadka, Farit Y. Khalili, Imran Khan, Sebastian Khan, Zaki A. Khan, Efim A. Khazanov, Nandita Khetan, Mohammad Khursheed, Nutsinee Kijbunchoo, Chunglee Kim, Grace J. Kim, Jeongcho C. Kim, Kyungmin Kim, Won Kim, Whansun S. Kim, Young-min Kim, Charles Kimball, Peter J. King, Maya Kinley-Hanlon, Robin Kirchhoff, Jeffrey S. Kissel, Lisa Kleybolte, Sergei Klimenko, Tyler D. Knowles, Philip Koch, Sina M. Koehlenbeck, Gideon Koekoek, Soumen Koley, Veronica Kondrashov, Antonios Kontos, Nico Koper, Mikhail Korobko, William Z. Korth, Manoj Kovalam, Dan B. Kozak, Volker Kringel, Nv V. Krishnendu, Andrzej Królak, Natalie Krupinski, Gerrit Kuehn, Anil Kumar, Prayush Kumar, Rahul Kumar, Rakesh Kumar, Sumit Kumar, Ling-chi Kuo, Adam Kutynia, Benjamin D. Lackey, Danny Laghi, Emile Lalande, Lam L. Lam, Astrid Lamberts, Michael Landry, Benjamin B. Lane, Ryan N. Lang, Jacob Lange, Brian Lantz, Robert K. Lanza, Iuri La Rosa, Angelique Lartaux-Vollard, Paul D. Lasky, Michael Laxen, Albert Lazzarini, Claudia Lazzaro, Paola Leaci, Sean Leavey, Yannick K. Lecoeuche, Chang-hwan H. Lee, Hyung-mok M. Lee, Hyungwon W. Lee, Joongoo Lee, Kyung-ha Lee, Johannes Lehmann, Nicolas Leroy, Nicolas Letendre, Yuri Levin, Alvin K. Y. Li, Jin Li, Kaye li, Tjonnie G. F. Li, Xiang Li, Frank Linde, Seth D. Linker, Jethro N. Linley, Tyson B. Littenberg, Liu Liu, Xiaoshu Liu, Miquel Llorens-Monteagudo, Ka-lok Lo, Alexandra Lockwood, Lionel T. London, Alessandro Longo, Matteo Lorenzini, Vincent Loriette, Marc Lormand, Giovanni Losurdo, James D. Lough, Carlos O. Lousto, Geoffrey Lovelace, Harald Lück, Diana Lumaca, Andrew P. Lundgren, Ma Yiqiu, Ronaldas Macas, Sean Macfoy, Myron MacInnis, Duncan M. Macleod, Ian O. MacMillan, Adrian Macquet, Ignacio Magaña Hernandez, Fabian Magaña-Sandoval, Ryan M. Magee, Ettore Majorana, Ivan Maksimovic, Asmita Malik, Catherine Man, Vuk Mandic, Valentina Mangano, Georgia L. Mansell, Michael Manske, Maddalena Mantovani, Michela Mapelli, Fabio Marchesoni, Frederique Marion, Szabolcs Márka, Zsuzsanna Márka, Charalampos Markakis, Ashot S. Markosyan, Aaron Markowitz, Ed Maros, Antonio Marquina, Sylvain Marsat, Filippo Martelli, Ian W. Martin, Rodica M. Martin, Valerie Martinez, Denis V. Martynov, Hossein Masalehdan, Ken Mason, Elena Massera, Alain Masserot, Thomas J. Massinger, Mariela Masso-Reid, Simone Mastrogiovanni, Andrew Matas, Fabrice Matichard, Nergis Mavalvala, Emily Maynard, Joshua J. McCann, Richard McCarthy, David E. McClelland, Scott McCormick, Lee McCuller, Stephen C. McGuire, Connor McIsaac, Jessica McIver, David J. McManus, Terry McRae, Sean T. McWilliams, Duncan Meacher, Grant D. Meadors, Moritz Mehmet, Ajit K. Mehta, Elena Mejuto Villa, Andrew Melatos, Gregory Mendell, Adam A. Mercer, Lorenzo Mereni, Kara Merfeld, Edmond L. Merilh, Jonathan D. Merritt, Mourad Merzougui, Syd Meshkov, Chris Messenger, Cody Messick, Remi Metzdorff, Patrick M. Meyers, Fabian Meylahn, Ashish Mhaske, Andrea Miani, Haixing Miao, Ioannis Michaloliakos, Christophe Michel, Hannah Middleton, Leopoldo Milano, Andrewlawrence L. Miller, Meg Millhouse, Joseph C. Mills, Edoardo Milotti, Michael C. Milovich-Goff, Olivier Minazzoli, Yuri Minenkov, Alec Mishkin, Chandra Mishra, Timesh Mistry, Sanjit Mitra, Valery P. Mitrofanov, Guenakh Mitselmakher, Richard Mittleman, Geoffrey Mo, Kentaro Mogushi, Satyanarayan R. P. Mohapatra, Siddharth R. Mohite, Manel Molina-Ruiz, Marina Mondin, Matteo Montani, Christopher J. Moore, Dan Moraru, Filip Morawski, Gerardo Moreno, Soichiro Morisaki, Benoit Mours, Conor M. Mow-Lowry, Simone Mozzon, Federico Muciaccia, Arunava Mukherjee, Debnandini Mukherjee, Soma Mukherjee, Subroto Mukherjee, Nikhil Mukund, Adam Mullavey, Jesper Munch, Erik A. Muñiz, Peter G. Murray, Alessandro Nagar, Ilaria Nardecchia, Luca Naticchioni, Rajesh K. Nayak, Benjamin F. Neil, Joshua Neilson, Gijs Nelemans, Timothy J. N. Nelson, Marina Nery, Ansel Neunzert, Kwan-yeung Y. Ng, Sebastian Ng, Catherine Nguyen, Philippe Nguyen, David Nichols, Shania A. Nichols, Samaya Nissanke, Flavio Nocera, Minkyun Noh, Chris North, Devon Nothard, Laura K. Nuttall, Jason Oberling, Brendan D. O’Brien, Gor Oganesyan, Greg H. Ogin, John J. Oh, Sanghoon H. Oh, Frank Ohme, Hiroaki Ohta, Marcos A. Okada, Miquel Oliver, Christian Olivetto, Patrick Oppermann, Richard Oram, Brian O’Reilly, Rich G. Ormiston, Luis F. Ortega, Richard O’Shaughnessy, Serguei Ossokine, Charles Osthelder, David J. Ottaway, Harry Overmier, Ben J. Owen, Alexander E. Pace, Giulia Pagano, Michael A. Page, Giulia Pagliaroli, Archana Pai, Siddhesh A. Pai, Jordan R. Palamos, Oleg Palashov, Cristiano Palomba, Howard Pan, Pratap K. Panda, Tsun-ho Pang, Chris Pankow, Francesco Pannarale, Brijesh C. Pant, Federico Paoletti, Andrea Paoli, Abhishek Parida, William Parker, Daniela Pascucci, Antonio Pasqualetti, Roberto Passaquieti, Diego Passuello, Barbara Patricelli, Ethan Payne, Brynley L. Pearlstone, Thida C. Pechsiri, Ari J. Pedersen, Mike Pedraza, Arnaud Pele, Steven Penn, Albino Perego, Carlos J. Perez, Perigois Périgois, Antonio Perreca, Stephane Perriès, Jan Petermann, Harald P. Pfeiffer, Margot Phelps, Khun S. Phukon, Ornella J. Piccinni, Mikhael Pichot, Marco Piendibene, Francesco Piergiovanni, Vincenzo Pierro, Gabriel Pillant, Laurent Pinard, Innocenzo M. Pinto, Krzysztof Piotrzkowski, Marc Pirello, Matthew Pitkin, Wolfango Plastino, Rosa Poggiani, Yat-tung T. Pong, Sarah Ponrathnam, Pasquale Popolizio, Ed K. Porter, Jade Powell, Atul K. Prajapati, Kiran Prasai, Raghurama Prasanna, Geraint Pratten, Tanner Prestegard, Maria Principe, Giovanni A. Prodi, Leonid Prokhorov, Michele Punturo, Paola Puppo, Michael Pürrer, Hong Qi, Volker Quetschke, Pedro J. Quinonez, Fred J. Raab, Geert Raaijmakers, Hugh Radkins, Nicholas Radulesco, Peter Raffai, Hanna Rafferty, Sendhil Raja, Rajan Rajan, Binod Rajbhandari, Malik Rakhmanov, Karla E. Ramirez, Antoni Ramos-Buades, Javed Rana, Kaushik Rao, Piero Rapagnani, Vivien Raymond, Massimiliano Razzano, Jocelyn Read, Tania Regimbau, Luca Rei, Stuart Reid, David H. Reitze, Piero Rettegno, Fulvio Ricci, Colter J. Richardson, Jonathan W. Richardson, Paul M. Ricker, Gunnar Riemenschneider, Keith Riles, Monica Rizzo, Norna A. Robertson, Florent Robinet, Alessio Rocchi, Ramon D. Rodriguez-Soto, Loic Rolland, Jameson G. Rollins, Vincent J. Roma, Marco Romanelli, Rocco Romano, Chandra L. Romel, Isobel M. Romero-Shaw, Janeen H. Romie, Caitlin A. Rose, Dakota Rose, Kyle Rose, Dorota Rosińska, Shawn G. Rosofsky, Michael P. Ross, Sheila Rowan, Samuel J. Rowlinson, Palash K. Roy, Santosh Roy, Soumen Roy, Paolo Ruggi, Guntis Rutins, Kyle Ryan, Surabhi Sachdev, Travis Sadecki, Mairi Sakellariadou, Om S. Salafia, Livio Salconi, Muhammed Saleem, Anuradha Samajdar, Eduardo J. Sanchez, Luis E. Sanchez, Nicolas Sanchis-Gual, Jaclyn R. Sanders, Kevin A. Santiago, Edison Santos, Nikhil Sarin, Benoit Sassolas, B S. Sathyaprakash, Orion Sauter, Richard L. Savage, Vaibhav Savant, Disha Sawant, Sihem Sayah, Dean Schaetzl, Paul Schale, Mark Scheel, Jacob Scheuer, Patricia Schmidt, Roman Schnabel, Robert M. S. Schofield, Axel Schönbeck, Emil Schreiber, Bernd W. Schulte, Bernard F. Schutz, Otto Schwarm, Eyal Schwartz, Jamie Scott, Susan M. Scott, Ed Seidel, Danny Sellers, Anand S. Sengupta, Noah Sennett, Daniel Sentenac, Valeria Sequino, Alexander Sergeev, Yoshinta Setyawati, Daniel A. Shaddock, Thomas Shaffer, Selim S. Shahriar, A. Sharma, Priyanka Sharma, Peter Shawhan, Hongyu Shen, Minori Shikauchi, Rosalie Shink, David H. Shoemaker, Deirdre M. Shoemaker, Keerti Shukla, Shyamsundar ShyamSundar, Karelle Siellez, Magdalena Sieniawska, Daniel Sigg, Leo P. Singer, Divya Singh, Neha Singh, Ayatri Singha, Akshat Singhal, Alicia M. Sintes, Valeria Sipala, Vasileios Skliris, Bram J. J. Slagmolen, Teresa J. Slaven-Blair, Jiri Smetana, Joshua R. Smith, Rory J. E. Smith, Surendranadh Somala, Edwin J. Son, Siddharth Soni, Borja Sorazu, Viola Sordini, Fiodor Sorrentino, Tarun Souradeep, Eric Sowell, Andrew P. Spencer, Mario Spera, Amit K. Srivastava, Varun Srivastava, Kai Staats, Cosmin Stachie, Mark Standke, Daniele A. Steer, Michael Steinke, Jessica Steinlechner, Sebastian Steinlechner, Daniel Steinmeyer, Dane Stocks, David J. Stops, Madeline Stover, Ken A. Strain, Giulia Stratta, Amber Strunk, Riccardo Sturani, Amber L. Stuver, Sudhagar Sudhagar, Vivishek Sudhir, Tiffany Z. Summerscales, Ling Sun, Sunil Sunil, Ankan Sur, Jishnu Suresh, Patrick J. Sutton, Bas L. Swinkels, Marek J. Szczepańczyk, Matteo Tacca, Simon C. Tait, Colm Talbot, Andres J. Tanasijczuk, David B. Tanner, Duo Tao, Marton Tápai, Amauri Tapia, Enzo N. Tapia San Martin, Jay D. Tasson, Robert Taylor, Rodrigo Tenorio, Lukas Terkowski, Manasadevi P. Thirugnanasambandam, Michael Thomas, Patrick Thomas, Jonathan E. Thompson, Sivananda R. Thondapu, Keith A. Thorne, Eric Thrane, Calley L. Tinsman, Saravanan R. Saravanan, Shubhanshu Tiwari, Srishti Tiwari, Vaibhav Tiwari, Karl Toland, Mauro Tonelli, Zeno Tornasi, Alejandro Torres-Forné, Calum I. Torrie, Iara Tosta e Melo, Daniel Töyrä, Emily A. Trail, Flavio Travasso, Gary Traylor, Maria C. Tringali, Aashish Tripathee, Agata Trovato, Randy J. Trudeau, Ka-wa W. Tsang, Maggie Tse, Rhondale Tso, Leo Tsukada, Daichi Tsuna, Takuya Tsutsui, Margherita Turconi, Amit S. Ubhi, Koh Ueno, Dennis Ugolini, Cs S. Unnikrishnan, Alexander L. Urban, Samantha A. Usman, Andrei C. Utina, Henning Vahlbruch, Gabriele Vajente, Guillermo Valdes, Michele Valentini, M. Vallisneri, Niels van Bakel, Martin van Beuzekom, Jo F. J. van den Brand, Chris Van Den Broeck, Daniel C. Vander-Hyde, Laura van der Schaaf, Joris V. Van Heijningen, Marielle A. van Veggel, Marco Vardaro, Vijay Varma, Steve Vass, Matyas Vasúth, Alberto Vecchio, Gabriele Vedovato, John Veitch, Peter J. Veitch, Krishna Venkateswara, Gautam Venugopalan, Didier Verkindt, Doga Veske, Flavio Vetrano, Andrea Viceré, Aaron D. Viets, Serena Vinciguerra, David J. Vine, Jeanyves Vinet, Salvatore Vitale, Francisco Hernandez Vivanco, Thomas Vo, Helios Vocca, Cheryl Vorvick, Sergey P. Vyatchanin, Andrew R. Wade, Leslie E. Wade, Madeline Wade, Rob Walet, Marissa Walker, Gavin S. Wallace, Larry Wallace, Sinead Walsh, Jonathan Z. Wang, Sibo Wang, Wenhui H. Wang, Yifan F. Wang, Robert L. Ward, Zane A. Warden, Jim Warner, Michal Was, Jennifer Watchi, Betsy Weaver, Li-wei Wei, Michael Weinert, Alan J. Weinstein, Rainer Weiss, Felix Wellmann, Linqing Wen, Peter Weßels, Jonathan W. Westhouse, Karl Wette, John T. Whelan, Bernard F. Whiting, Chris Whittle, Dennis M. Wilken, Daniel Williams, Roy D. Williams, Andrew R. Williamson, Joshua L. Willis, Benno Willke, Walter Winkler, Christopher C. Wipf, Holger Wittel, Graham Woan, Janis Woehler, Jared K. Wofford, Chun-fung Wong, Jennifer L. Wright, David S. Wu, Daniel M. Wysocki, Liting Xiao, Hiro Yamamoto, Le Yang, Yang Yang, Ziyan Yang, Min-jet J. Yap, Maher Yazback, David W. Yeeles, Hang Yu, Haocun Yu, Shingheirobin Yuen, Adam K. Zadrożny, Adam Zadrożny, Michele Zanolin, Tatiana Zelenova, Jean-pierre Zendri, Michael Zevin, Jue Zhang, Liyuan Zhang, Teng Zhang, Chunnong Zhao, Guoying Zhao, Minchuan Zhou, Zifan Zhou, Xingjiang J. Zhu, Aaron B. Zimmerman, Michael E. Zucker, and John Zweizig

Subjects
GWOSC, Scientific databases, Data representation and management, Gravitational Waves, Computer software, QA76.75-76.765
Abstract

Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo are monitoring the sky and collecting gravitational-wave strain data with sufficient sensitivity to detect signals routinely. In this paper we describe the data recorded by these instruments during their first and second observing runs. The main data products are gravitational-wave strain time series sampled at 16384 Hz. The datasets that include this strain measurement can be freely accessed through the Gravitational Wave Open Science Center at http://gw-openscience.org, together with data-quality information essential for the analysis of LIGO and Virgo data, documentation, tutorials, and supporting software.

Published
2021
Full Text
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3. Design and performance of the prototype Schwarzschild-Couder telescope camera

Author

Colin B. Adams, Giovanni Ambrosi, Michelangelo Ambrosio, Carla Aramo, Timothy Arlen, Wystan Benbow, Bruna Bertucci, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Jonathan Biteau, Massimiliano Bitossi, Alfonso Boiano, Carmela Bonavolontà, Richard Bose, Aurelien Bouvier, Mario Buscemi, Aryeh Brill, Anthony M. Brown, James H. Buckley, Rodolfo Canestrari, Massimo Capasso, Mirco Caprai, Paolo Coppi, Corbin E. Covault, Davide Depaoli, Leonardo Di Venere, Manel Errando, Stephan Fegan, Qi Feng, Emanuele Fiandrini, Amy Furniss, Markus Garczarczyk, Alasdair Gent, Nicola Giglietto, Francesco Giordano, Enrico Giro, Robert Halliday, Olivier Hervet, Gareth Hughes, Simone Incardona, Thomas B. Humensky, Maria Ionica, Weidong Jin, Caitlin A. Johnson, David Kieda, Frank Krennrich, Andrey Kuznetsov, Jon Lapington, Francesco Licciulli, Serena Loporchio, Giovanni Marsella, Vincenzo Masone, Kevin Meagher, Thomas Meures, Brent A. W. Mode, Samuel A. I. Mognet, Reshmi Mukherjee, Akira Okumura, Francesca R. Pantaleo, Riccardo Paoletti, Federico Di Pierro, Deivid Ribeiro, Luca Riitano, Emmet Roache, Duncan Ross, Julien Rousselle, Andrea Rugliancich, Marcos Santander, Michael Schneider, Harm Schoorlemmer, Ruo-Yu Shang, Brandon Stevenson, Leonardo Stiaccini, Hiroyasu Tajima, Leslie P. Taylor, Julian Thornhill, Luca Tosti, Giovanni Tripodo, Valerio Vagelli, Massimo Valentino, Justin Vandenbroucke, Vladimir V. Vassiliev, Scott P. Wakely, Jason J. Watson, Richard White, Patrick Wilcox, David A. Williams, Matthew Wood, Peter Yu, Adrian Zink, Adams C.B., Ambrosi G., Ambrosio M., Aramo C., Arlen T., Benbow W., Bertucci B., Bissaldi E., Biteau J., Bitossi M., Boiano A., Bonavolonta C., Bose R., Bouvier A., Buscemi M., Brill A., Brown A.M., Buckley J.H., Canestrari R., Capasso M., Caprai M., Coppi P., Covault C.E., Depaoli D., Di Venere L., Errando M., Fegan S., Feng Q., Fiandrini E., Furniss A., Garczarczyk M., Gent A., Giglietto N., Giordano F., Giro E., Halliday R., Hervet O., Hughes G., Incardona S., Humensky T.B., Ionica M., Jin W., Johnson C.A., Kieda D., Krennrich F., Kuznetsov A., Lapington J., Licciulli F., Loporchio S., Marsella G., Masone V., Meagher K., Meures T., Mode B.A.W., Mognet S.A.I., Mukherjee R., Okumura A., Pantaleo F.R., Paoletti R., Di Pierro F., Ribeiro D., Riitano L., Roache E., Ross D., Rousselle J., Rugliancich A., Santander M., Schneider M., Schoorlemmer H., Shang R.-Y., Stevenson B., Stiaccini L., Tajima H., Taylor L.P., Thornhill J., Tosti L., Tripodo G., Vagelli V., Valentino M., Vandenbroucke J., Vassiliev V.V., Wakely S.P., Watson J.J., White R., Wilcox P., Williams D.A., Wood M., Yu P., and Zink A.

Subjects
imaging atmospheric Cherenkov telescopes, instrumentation, Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, very-high-energy gamma-ray astronomy, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Mechanical Engineering, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, FOS: Physical sciences, Astronomy and Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Detectors (physics.ins-det), Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Cherenkov telescope array, Space and Planetary Science, Control and Systems Engineering, ddc:530, prototype Schwarzschild-Couder telescope, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics (astro-ph.IM), silicon photomultipliers
Abstract

Journal of astronomical telescopes, instruments, and systems 8(01), 014007-1 (2022). doi:10.1117/1.JATIS.8.1.014007, The prototype Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope (pSCT) is a candidate for a medium-sized telescope in the Cherenkov Telescope Array. The pSCT is based on a novel dual mirror optics design which reduces the plate scale and allows for the use of silicon photomultipliers as photodetectors. The prototype pSCT camera currently has only the central sector instrumented with 25 camera modules (1600 pixels), providing a 2.68$^{\circ}$ field of view (FoV). The camera electronics are based on custom TARGET (TeV array readout with GSa/s sampling and event trigger) application specific integrated circuits. Field programmable gate arrays sample incoming signals at a gigasample per second. A single backplane provides camera-wide triggers. An upgrade of the pSCT camera is in progress, which will fully populate the focal plane. This will increase the number of pixels to 11,328, the number of backplanes to 9, and the FoV to 8.04$^{\circ}$. Here we give a detailed description of the pSCT camera, including the basic concept, mechanical design, detectors, electronics, current status and first light., Published by SPIE, [Bellingham, Wash.]

Published
2022
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4. Technical and scientific performance of the prototype Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope for CTA

Author

Mirco Caprai, Olivier Hervet, Robert Halliday, Giovanni Pareschi, Qi Feng, Massimo Capasso, Richard G. Bose, Peter Y. Yu, Daniel Nieto, Luca Tosti, L. P. Taylor, Hiroyasu Tajima, Samuel A. Mognet, Maria Ionica, Wystan Benbow, David Kieda, Julien Rousselle, Francesca R. Pantaleo, Corbin Covault, Massimo Valentino, Vincenzo Masone, Leonardo Di Venere, Rodolfo Canestrari, Massimiliano Bitossi, Andrea Rugliancich, Gagik Tovmassian, Jamie Holder, D. Ross, Leonardo Stiaccini, Enrico Giro, Emanuale Fiandrini, Riccardo Paoletti, Pedro I. Batista, Giovanni Ambrosi, Valerio Vagelli, Carla Aramo, Richard White, Simone Incardona, Federico Di Pierro, Anthony M. Brown, Francesco Giordano, Nicola Giglietto, A. Zink, Ruo-Yu Shang, K. Meagher, Jason J. Watson, J. H. Buckley, N. Otte, B. A. W. Mode, Bruna Bertucci, Thomas Meures, Marcos Santander, Michelangelo Ambrosio, Vladimir V. Vassiliev, Luca Riitano, Reshmi Mukherjee, Stephen Fegan, W. Jin, Alfonso Boiano, Colin B. Adams, Akira Okumura, Justin Vanderbrouke, Carmela Bonavolontà, Giovanni Tripodo, Manel Errando, David A. Williams, A. Brill, E. Roache, D. Ribeiro, Giovanni Marsella, Francesco Licciulli, Elisa Pueschel, Elisabetta Bissaldi, Davide Depaoli, Thomas B. Humensky, Amy Furniss, Serena Loporchio, and Alasdair E. Gent

Subjects
Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, Computer science, business.industry, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, Gamma rays, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Imaging Cherenkov telescopes, Silicon photomultipliers, Field of view, Cherenkov Telescope Array, law.invention, Telescope, Cardinal point, Upgrade, Optics, Silicon photomultiplier, Crab Nebula, Observatory, law, Schwarzschild-Couder telescope, Astrophysics::Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Aplanatic optical system, business
Abstract

The Cherenkov Telescope Array (CTA) is the next-generation ground-based observatory for very-high-energy gamma rays. One candidate design for CTA's medium-sized telescopes consists of the Schwarzschild-Couder Telescope (SCT), featuring innovative dual-mirror optics. The SCT project has built and is currently operating a 9.7-m prototype SCT (pSCT) at the Fred Lawrence Whipple Observatory (FLWO); such optical design enables the use of a compact camera with state-of-the art silicon photomultiplier detectors. A partially-equipped camera has recently successfully detected the Crab Nebula with a statistical significance of 8.6 standard deviations. A funded upgrade of the pSCT focal plane sensors and electronics is currently ongoing, which will bring the total number of channels from 1600 to 11328 and the telescope field of view from about 2.7° to 8° . In this work, we will describe the technical and scientific performance of the pSCT.

Published
2021

5. Development of a terahertz scanning apparatus with automatic object detection capabilities

Author

Federico Paolucci, A. Rugliancich, Nicolò Biesuz, Leonardo Stiaccini, Riccardo Paoletti, Massimiliano Bitossi, Rugliancich, A., Paoletti, R., Biesuz, N., Bitossi, M., Paolucci, F., and Stiaccini, L.

Subjects
Terahertz gap, Pixel, Computer science, Terahertz radiation, Electromagnetic spectrum, Terahertz, Detector, Convolutional neural network, Ranging, security, Object detection, Settore FIS/03 - Fisica della Materia, Electromagnetic shielding, Security, Electronic engineering, YOLO, Thz imaging, CNN
Abstract

Terahertz radiation is the part of the electromagnetic spectrum ranging from hundreds of MHz up to several THz. Recent advances in detector technology enable us to develop compact and affordable systems able to generate and detect THz radiation, thus filling the so-called “Terahertz gap”. Terahertz cameras with thousands of pixels arranged in one or two dimensions allow for real-time imaging applications. THz imaging techniques can be used to detect materials that are opaque to that radiation, such as metal or ceramic objects embedded in THz-transparent materials (e.g. paper, textiles, etc.). Due to its non-ionising nature, THz radiation does not require special shielding precautions compared to X-ray systems, and can be safely applied to living tissue. Terahertz imaging can be employed to detect forbidden objects in security checks with parcels scanners and full body scanners. This paper will describe our recent developments towards an innovative application of a sub-THz imaging system based on a commercially available detector. The setup is used to detect objects inside parcels and packages using a conveyor belt and a THz imaging system. An automatic detection system based on convolutional neural networks has been developed allowing for a real-time selection of targets against a set of images. The performance of the setup will be shown and newest results on the recognition capability will be presented.

Published
2020
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7. Ultra-Fast Sampling and Data Acquisition Using the DRS4 Waveform Digitizer

Author

Massimiliano Bitossi, Diego Tescaro, and R. Paoletti

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Engineering, Physics::Instrumentation and Detectors, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Converters, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Capacitor, Data acquisition, Upgrade, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, Sampling (signal processing), law, 0103 physical sciences, Electronic engineering, Waveform, MAGIC (telescope), Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 010306 general physics, business, Cherenkov radiation
Abstract

Ultra-fast sampling through flash A/D converters is expensive and power consuming. Switching capacitors arrays are a valid alternative, combining good sampling performance to relatively low cost and power consumption. In this work we describe a 1152 channels readout system based on the DRS4 ultra-fast analog sampler, operated at 2GS/s sampling frequency. This type of readout is particularly suitable for Cherenkov telescopes, where a large number of channels (pixels) need to be sampled at ultra-fast sampling speed to catch the short-lasting Cherenkov flashes. This digitization system was successfully installed in the MAGIC telescopes during its major upgrade. We discuss the design of the electronics and the measured performance of the system.

Published
2016
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8. Real-Time non-invasive detection of hidden objects in parcels and packages with sub-THz systems

Author

Massimiliano Bitossi, Leonardo Stiaccini, Riccardo Paoletti, Federico Paolucci, N. Biesuz, Neil A. Salmon, Frank Gumbmann, Paoletti, R., Biesuz, N., Bitossi, M., Paolucci, F., and Stiaccini, L.

Subjects
Package screening, Cryogenics, Food inspection, Exploit, Computer science, Frequency band, Terahertz radiation, Sensors, Inspection, Non invasive, Terahertz, Homeland security, Organic materials, Settore FIS/03 - Fisica della Materia, Tissues, Electromagnetic radiation, Border security, THz imaging, Electronic engineering, Border Security, Safety, THz safety, Microwave
Abstract

Terahertz technology exploits the so-called frequency gap between the infrared and microwaves, typically referred to as the frequency band from 100 GHz to 30 Terahertz. The use of techniques based on the Terahertz radiation has long been studied in fields such as astronomy and solid state physics. Being a non harmful radiation for human beings, the Terahertz radiation is very interesting for applications since it can be used without worrying for the safety of users and operators. Recent innovations in Terahertz technologies are bringing a wide variety of applications, from non-destructive evaluation, to homeland security, from quality control of food and agricultural products to the biomedical sector. We report about an implementation of a sub-Terahertz investigation setup based on commercial solutions. The system is currently being used for non-invasive detection of metals inside parcels and boxes in security applications and in vivo studies of water leaf contents in smart agriculture.

Published
2019
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9. Search for gravitational wave ringdowns from perturbed intermediate mass black holes in LIGO-Virgo data from 2005?2010

Author

Li-Wei Wei, Kenneth A. Strain, Fabio Marchesoni, Kyungmin Kim, G. Quiroga, Yi Pan, K. E. Ramirez, Michael L. Gorodetsky, Michaela Pickenpack, Simon Stevenson, David Hammer, Joseph O'Dell, Hartmut Grote, G. Losurdo, Albrecht Ruediger, Neil J. Cornish, Peter Aufmuth, Jiayi Qin, Sammanani S. Premachandra, Jamie Scott, V. Re, Bruce Gendre, Robinjeet Singh, M. Yvert, T. D. Abbott, Jong H. Chow, Ludovico Carbone, P. Couvares, Benno Willke, J. Bauchrowitz, F. Garufi, Cristina Torres, Denis Martynov, S. G. Crowder, Federico Ferrini, Marco Colombini, A. F. Brooks, Q. Chu, Szymon Steplewski, Gerardo Moreno, Chunnong Zhao, J. Macarthur, Karen Roland, G. Vajente, David H. Shoemaker, M. Tse, D. M. Macleod, M. Meinders, W. D. Vousden, Gianpietro Cagnoli, L. Wallace, J. Poeld, R. Frey, Christophe Collette, Zhixing Yang, Evan Ochsner, Vicky Kalogera, Larry R. Price, Elaine Rhoades, Adrien Le Roux, Ajay Kumar, M. Leonardi, Carl Adams, C. Belczynski, M. A. Barton, Alessandra Buonanno, Brian O'Reilly, D. B. Kelley, Matteo Lorenzini, Linqing Wen, S. E. Zuraw, C. Palomba, R. Chakraborty, B. L. Swinkels, D. Verkindt, G. Kang, Christelle Buy, César A. Costa, Xing Zhu, S. Privitera, F. Vetrano, M. K. Haris, T. Vo, C. Bradaschia, P. Oppermann, Michele Vallisneri, M. S. Shahriar, Joris van Heijningen, Sascha Husa, Sonali Mohapatra, P. T. Beyersdorf, Andrew Lundgren, Eliu Huerta, Szabolcs Marka, Timothy A Welborn, M. T. Hartman, V. Kringel, Marica Branchesi, N. Straniero, Alessio Rocchi, D. R. Ingram, Ryan Fisher, Ivan Maksimovic, K. Siellez, A. Conte, Steffen Kaufer, Jo van den Brand, Daniel Amariutei, Saps Buchman, L. Sammut, A. Ain, D. Bersanetti, K. Mailand, K. A. Hodge, Marilyne Andersen, Mauro Tonelli, Kip S. Thorne, T. Chalermsongsak, Alessandro Bertolini, Duncan Meacher, B. Shapiro, Jonathan F. Stebbins, Heinz-Bernd Eggenstein, Zhihui Du, V. P. Mitrofanov, Sanjit Mitra, R. Mittleman, Sharad Gaonkar, Ik Siong Heng, Cyrus Reed, T. Z. Summerscales, Nelson Christensen, Sunil Susmithan, Oliver Puncken, Tyson Littenberg, D. Lodhia, Neil Gehrels, R. Lynch, V. Boschi, Hee Cho, Kasem Mossavi, Deepak Nanda Kumar, Grant David Meadors, R. Coyne, Haixing Miao, S. L. Danilishin, G. Bogaert, M. Shaltev, D. C. Coyne, J. Aasi, Jade Powell, David H. Reitze, Yi-Ming Hu, Sweta Shah, K. Izumi, D. Passuello, Nicolas Leroy, M. Barsuglia, E. O. Lebigot, Vuk Mandic, Alberto Di Lieto, Ignacio Santiago-Prieto, G. Vedovato, W. Katzman, S. E. Dwyer, David Keitel, Richard Gustafson, Suvadeep Bose, Z. Márka, Tomasz Bulik, Alexander Ivanov, C. Affeldt, P. Thomas, Jean-Pierre Zendri, Trevor Sidery, H. Heitmann, Ryan DeRosa, V. Loriette, Francesco Salemi, Pierre-François Cohadon, V. Litvine, Gurumurthy Rajalakshmi, O. Bock, István Rácz, K. L. Dooley, Sabrina D'Antonio, Joshua Yablon, Warren Anderson, Eric K. Gustafson, Sina Koehlenbeck, Jocelyn Read, F. Carbognani, J. Logue, H. J. Bulten, S. Gossler, David Kinzel, Almir Alemic, P. J. Veitch, Amber Stuver, Sanichiro Yoshida, Badri Krishnan, T. P. Bodiya, C. Vorvick, Marc Normandin, Ettore Majorana, Gary McIntyre, M. Edwards, Peter Wessels, Rosa Poggiani, Erik Katsavounidis, Namjun Kim, François Bondu, P. Leaci, A. Colla, Sean Morriss, M. Factourovich, P. Astone, J. Betzwieser, V. Kondrashov, Lisa Barsotti, Bala R. Iyer, Kieran Craig, Shaun Hooper, Valeria Malvezzi, Warren W. Johnson, Jay Marx, Antoine Heidmann, Piotr Jaranowski, Florent Robinet, P. Raffai, Kyle Ryan, Mark Barbet, Samuel Franco, Eric Thrane, Eric W. James, Manasadevi Thirugnanasamba, Sarah Caudill, E. Goetz, Scott Koranda, T. t. Fricke, J. B. Kanner, A. R. Wade, Rainer Weiss, Xu Chen, G. Bergmann, L. Matone, T. Dayanga, Martin van Beuzekom, Les Wade, Irene Di Palma, Young-Min Kim, Albert Lazzarini, Anthony Kremin, Fausto Acernese, Rajesh Kumar, R. J. G. Jonker, H. Overmier, Robert M. S. Schofield, Jessica McIver, Sang Oh, G. Mazzolo, G. Kuehn, D. Barker, K. Wette, F. Ricci, N. Mazumder, R. Quitzow-James, R. Day, Vladimir B. Braginsky, Maik Frede, C. C. Yancey, Giacomo Ciani, A. Mullavey, John J. Oh, D. Sellers, Alastair Grant, N. Morgado, H. Vahlbruch, A. Cumming, C. M. Mow-Lowry, H. Fehrmann, J. Meidam, Lisa M. Goggin, K. Riles, F. Ohme, S. J. Chamberlin, Sergey P. Vyatchanin, Calum Torrie, J. Hanks, J. Y. Vinet, Archana Pai, E. J. King, Hyun Lee, B. P. Abbott, Andrea Moggi, Jean-Daniel Fournier, Rory Smith, Hernan Daveloza, D. Sigg, S. W. Ballmer, Edwin J. Son, D. Ugolini, S. Vass, F. Paoletti, P. Ruggi, J. Eichholz, M. J. Cowart, Keiko Kokeyama, Riccardo Sturani, Andrzej Królak, Laurent Pinard, Fumiko Kawazoe, Tristan Briant, Benjamin William Allen, Stefan Hild, Y. Ma, E. Genin, N. D. Smith-Lefebvre, Graham Woan, Stuart Reid, Steven D. Penn, Yuri Minenkov, Laura Cadonati, Mohana Mageswaran, Veronica Lockett, N. Letendre, Karsten Danzmann, C. Aulbert, R. Cavalieri, Scott Dossa, H. Wittel, Walter Del Pozzo, Riccardo DeSalvo, C. Messenger, Bastian Schulz, R. Vincent-Finley, Jeffery Kline, H. Radkins, J. D. Lough, S. T. Countryman, S. H. Huttner, Fabrice Matichard, W. Kells, Jacob Scheuer, M. Jacobson, M. Weinert, P. Campsie, Michelle E. Walker, J. Birch, Katrin Dahl, A. Libson, M. Punturo, D. Hoak, D. Sentenac, Patrick Brady, Leopoldo Milano, Slawomir Gras, F. Fidecaro, S. Biscans, Fred Raab, Valentina D. Mangano, P. Baker, M. Mantovani, Andrew Melatos, E. Saracco, A. Brillet, Gary Hemming, Michail Agathos, A. Masserot, Santiago Caride, C. L. Mueller, B. Behnke, Matthew Heintze, Richard L. Savage, Alberto Vecchio, G. M. Harry, E. Oelker, K. Venkateswara, Benjamin Aylott, Daniel Kozak, Martina Neri, A. S. Bell, John Miller, T. Prestegard, Charles Celerier, Craig Lawrie, Lee Samuel Finn, Fafhan Feroz, Soma Mukherjee, R. L. McCarthy, Yuri Levin, Thanh Vinh Nguyen, David Blair, Vincenzo Dattilo, E. Coccia, C. Graef, B. A. Weaver, Dmitry Simakov, M. Brinkmann, L. Prokhorov, Will M. Farr, Elisabetta Cesarini, Troy Williams, Neil Gordon, Patrice Hello, Nancy Aggarwal, Robert Stone, Jordan Camp, James S. Clark, M. J. Hart, Richard O'Shaughnessy, B. Barr, Malik Rakhmanov, A. Pasqualetti, Roman Schnabel, J. G. Rollins, F. Y. Khalili, F. Travasso, Michał Bejger, Timo Denker, Luke Williams, J. C. Driggers, L. Austin, A. M. Gretarsson, A. R. Williamson, D. Feldbaum, S. Verma, A. Mytidis, J. E. Brau, L. Martinelli, Susan M. Scott, F. Marion, Efim A. Khazanov, Michael Thomas, A. Effler, Xiaoge Wang, Irene Fiori, G. Ballardin, Moritz Mehmet, David Stops, David Coward, Li Ju, Oleg Palashov, Daniel A. Shaddock, Adam Mercer, A. Basti, Philipp Moesta, Michael Rodruck, A. Allocca, Vincent Dolique, G. Valdes, Walter Winkler, Huan Yang, A. Perreca, M. Drago, B. Hughey, B. J. J. Slagmolen, Sheon Chua, M. Phelps, C. J. Guido, Paul Hopkins, Chiara M. F. Mingarelli, A. S. Markosyan, J. Hanson, Robert Taylor, B. C. Stephens, Mátyás Vasúth, Koji Arai, P. G. Murray, Cody Arceneaux, Fan Zhang, Brian Moe, Guenakh Mitselmakher, Vaibhav Tiwari, Shin Chung, E. Chassande-Mottin, Martin Mohan, Th. Bauer, Michael E Zucker, D. S. Rabeling, Ron Burman, Riccardo Bassiri, Joseph Gleason, V. Fafone, Guido Mueller, Tito Dal Canton, Christophe Michel, Sheila Rowan, Massimiliano Bitossi, Timothy MacDonald, Alan G. Wiseman, K. E. Gushwa, Fabien Kéfélian, E. Maros, J. H. Hough, Rocco Romano, Kendall Ackley, R. K. Nayak, Chad Hanna, M. Kasprzack, Paul Fulda, Ling Kuo, G. Debreczeni, S. E. Gossan, Shane L. Larson, F. Clara, Mary West, F. Magaña-Sandoval, J.-P. Coulon, M. Was, Susanne Milde, A. Staley, H. Vocca, Roy Williams, M. Tacca, Kipp Cannon, Carl-Johan Haster, A. Giazotto, E. Schreiber, Todd Adams, Roland Schilling, Matthew Evans, E. Cuoco, Douglas R. Cook, David Murphy, T. Isogai, R. S. Ottens, Ilaria Nardecchia, Michele Zanolin, S. Doravari, Ilya Mandel, Alex Nitz, Igor Neri, Jaclyn Sanders, J. S. Areeda, V. Sequino, Ruth A. Anderson, P. Kwee, Jeffrey Lewis, Fabrizio Barone, Jesper Munch, Leo Singer, Eugeniy E. Mikhailov, T. J. Massinger, R. Inta, R. W. P. Drever, C. Padilla, I. Ferrante, C. Mishra, J. K. Blackburn, Stephen S. Eikenberry, Innocenzo M. Pinto, J. Marque, Kat Grover, H. J. Jang, K. Haughian, S. Klimenko, Charlotte Bond, I. Kowalska, R. L. Ward, A. L. Lombardi, Corey Gray, M. Heurs, M. Boer, J. Steinlechner, A. S. Sengupta, P. Charlton, Gianluca Gemme, S. C. McGuire, Zsolt Frei, Marine Ducrot, G. D. Hammond, Anatoly Poteomkin, Angie Lin, M. Lormand, Máté Nagy, Sarah Recchia, R. Essick, D. Rosińska, S. P. Tarabrin, P. Puppo, D. Talukder, Nam Gyu Kim, M. Prijatelj, Jan Harms, R. Passaquieti, Marie-Anne Bizouard, G. Manca, Richard A. Matzner, S. Kandhasamy, B. Sorazu, Eric Quintero, J. C. Barayoga, R. Gouaty, Alexander Khalaidovski, E. Macdonald, Anthony Castiglia, Rosario DeRosa, H. Yamamoto, H. R. Paris, G. A. Prodi, John Worden, Alessandra Corsi, Viswanath Bavigadda, Nergis Mavalvala, Francisco Jimenez-Forteza, M. H. Wimmer, J. Greenhalgh, Chris Pankow, Junghyun Lee, F. Piergiovanni, Jerome Degallaix, Chang-Hwan Lee, Giancarlo Cella, A. Kutynia, C. Bogan, Tarun Souradeep, B. Mours, E. J. Daw, A. Gennai, A. Chiummo, F. Nocera, D. J. White, Alicia M. Sintes, Mark Lubinski, Igor Yakushin, M. Davier, J. Prasad, S. Grunewald, Kevin M. McLin, Nary-Catherine Man, Luca Gammaitoni, Andrea Chincarini, Steven Bloemen, Paolo Addesso, K. D. Giardina, M. Razzano, M. Born, D. Buskulic, Virginio Sannibale, David E. McClelland, C. Gill, Angela Di Virgilio, Jonathan R. Gair, Chris Van Den Broeck, N. A. Lockerbie, M. Damjanic, F. Martelli, Michael Smith, Kenneth G. Libbrecht, Husne Dereli, Harald Lueck, F. Cleva, S. Meshkov, S. Farinon, Tjonnie G. F. Li, Eric Howell, Huang-Wei Pan, Gijs Nelemans, T. B. Edo, Thomas Dent, Vladimir Dergachev, Eric D. Black, Jolien D. E. Creighton, Lindy Blackburn, S. Frasca, Michael Landry, James Whelan, P. Ajith, M. Cordier, N. A. Robertson, C. Lazzaro, K. Holt, Alan J. Weinstein, Chunglee Kim, I. A. Bilenko, S. Leavey, Stephen Fairhurst, Juan Calderón Bustillo, M. R. Abernathy, Kema Williams, Peter Fritschel, David J. Ottaway, G. Billingsley, David Hosken, L. Bosi, Peter Kalmus, B. Lantz, J. R. Leong, M. C. Díaz, Philip Graff, Tania Regimbau, Y. Ji, M. M. Hanke, C. Maglione, Ruslan Vaulin, Dirk Schuette, David B. Tanner, Stuart Anderson, T. P. Downes, M. Pedraza, K. Loew, Maria Alessandra Papa, F. Cavalier, M. Pichot, Collin Capano, Matthew Benacquista, Enrico Calloni, G. Traylor, Thomas Corbitt, Gabor Endroczi, Benjamin J. Owen, Gareth S. Davies, W. Z. Korth, Martin Hendry, Christopher Wipf, K. V. Tokmakov, Martin Hewitson, Junwei Cao, Alexander Corpuz, Bernard F. Whiting, Tobias Westphal, David Jones, Stan Whitcomb, Joseph A. Giaime, Marco Cavaglia, Patrick J. Sutton, F. Frasconi, C. R. Ramet, R. Flaminio, Odylio D. Aguiar, Abraham Singer, I. W. Martin, A. W. Heptonstall, Vivien Raymond, Peter R. Saulson, László Gondán, R. Abbott, Erik Luijten, David Nolting, M. C. Araya, Marie Huynh, V. Brisson, Emelie Harstad, Rana X. Adhikari, B. Machenschalk, F. Donovan, Phil Ehrens, L. Naticchioni, Salvatore Vitale, Ryan Goetz, A. L. Urban, Nick Mangini, C. J. Bell, K. Mason, Clive Tomlinson, Anna-Maria A. van Veggel, Sanjeev Dhurandhar, T. Huynh-Dinh, J. S. Kissel, Marc Favata, Roger Jones, R. M. Martin, D. D. Brown, Peter Shawhan, Xavier Siemens, K. Kawabe, S. M. Aston, F. Brückner, Michael W. Coughlin, Romain Bonnand, A. Viceré, T. Etzel, Yi Chen, Peter King, L. Bonelli, J. Slutsky, C. S. Unnikrishnan, Hyung-Mok Lee, Dan Moraru, Samuel Deléglise, Karoline Wiesner, Benjamin Canuel, P. M. Meyers, Sourav Ghosh, Scott Coughlin, J. H. Romie, Imre Bartos, Tom M. Evans, Barry C. Barish, Paul J. Groot, Marc van der Sluys, L. Cunningham, R. Douglas, John Veitch, V. Quetschke, Bangalore Suryanarayana Sathyaprakash, Martin M. Fejer, J. R. Smith, R. Bork, L. R. Cominsky, Axel Donath, Tobias Eberle, M. MacInnis, Gianluca Guidi, S. Raja, S. E. Strigin, Bruce Levine, G. M. Keiser, Benjamin Farr, Christian Cepeda, P. Rapagnani, Andreas Freise, Vincenzo Pierro, Alexander Sergeev, Paul D. Lasky, John Karlen, Joshua L. Willis, J. Zweizig, Carol Wilkinson, Laura Nuttall, G. Mendell, Matthew Pitkin, Liyuan Zhang, M. Wade, Sebastian Steinlechner, C. Osthelder, Karel E. Urbanek, D. O. Bridges, M. Granata, Prayush Kumar, G. P. Newton, M. Fyffe, Gabriela Gonzalez, I. W. Harry, Shiuh Chao, Gleb Romanov, Jim Batch, Adam Zadrozny, M. G. Beker, Qi Fang, V. Necula, Luciano Di Fiore, V. V. Frolov, V. Sandberg, K. A. Thorne, Benoit Sassolas, Stanislav Babak, M. Constancio, Duncan A. Brown, M. Wang, APC - Cosmologie, AstroParticule et Cosmologie (APC (UMR_7164)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire (LAL), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux (ARTEMIS), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Physique de Rennes (IPR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés (LMA), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules (LAPP), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), APC - Gravitation (APC-Gravitation), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik ( Albert-Einstein-Institut ) (AEI), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft-Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), IVC Lab, Lenovo Research, Lenovo, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Physique Corpusculaire et Cosmologie - Collège de France ( PCC ), Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Collège de France ( CdF ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Observatoire de Paris-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Laboratoire de l'Accélérateur Linéaire ( LAL ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Astrophysique Relativiste Théories Expériences Métrologie Instrumentation Signaux ( ARTEMIS ), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis ( UNS ), Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Physique de Rennes ( IPR ), Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire des matériaux avancés ( LMA ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire d'Annecy de Physique des Particules ( LAPP/Laboratoire d'Annecy-le-Vieux de Physique des Particules ), Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Université Savoie Mont Blanc ( USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry] ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), AstroParticule et Cosmologie ( APC - UMR 7164 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), APC - Gravitation ( APC-Gravitation ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS ( IN2P3 ) -Observatoire de Paris-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Max-Planck-Institut für Gravitationsphysik (Albert-Einstein-Institut), Max-Planck-Institut-Max-Planck-Institut, ESPCI ParisTech, Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ( ESRF ), Aasi, J., Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T., Abernathy, M. R., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Affeldt, C., Agathos, M., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Alemic, A., Allen, B., Allocca, A., Amariutei, D., Andersen, M., Anderson, R., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Arceneaux, C., Areeda, J., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., Austin, L., Aylott, B. E., Babak, S., Baker, P. T., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Barayoga, J. C., Barbet, M., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barton, M. A., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Batch, J. C., Bauchrowitz, J., Bauer, T. h. S., Bavigadda, V., Behnke, B., Bejger, M., Beker, M. G., Belczynski, C., Bell, A. S., Bell, C., Benacquista, M., Bergmann, G., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Beyersdorf, P. T., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Birch, J., Biscans, S., Bitossi, M., Bizouard, M. A., Black, E., Blackburn, J. K., Blackburn, L., Blair, D., Bloemen, S., Bock, O., Bodiya, T. P., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Bogan, C., Bond, C., Bondu, F., Bonelli, L., Bonnand, R., Bork, R., Born, M., Boschi, V., Sukanta, Bose, Bosi, L., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Braginsky, V. B., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Briant, T., Bridges, D. O., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. A., Brown, D. D., Brckner, F., Buchman, S., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Burman, R., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Cadonati, L., Cagnoli, G., Caldern Bustillo, J., Calloni, Enrico, Camp, J. B., Campsie, P., Cannon, K. C., Canuel, B., Cao, J., Capano, C. D., Carbognani, F., Carbone, L., Caride, S., Castiglia, A., Caudill, S., Cavagli, M., Cavalier, F., Cavalieri, R., Celerier, C., Cella, G., Cepeda, C., Cesarini, E., Chakraborty, R., Chalermsongsak, T., Chamberlin, S. J., Chao, S., Charlton, P., Chassande Mottin, E., Chen, X., Chen, Y., Chincarini, A., Chiummo, A., Cho, H. S., Chow, J., Christensen, N., Chu, Q., Chua, S. S. Y., Chung, S., Ciani, G., Clara, F., Clark, J. A., Cleva, F., Coccia, E., Cohadon, P. F., Colla, A., Collette, C., Colombini, M., Cominsky, L., Constancio, M., Conte, A., Cook, D., Corbitt, T. R., Cordier, M., Cornish, N., Corpuz, A., Corsi, A., Costa, C. A., Coughlin, M. W., Coughlin, S., Coulon, J. P., Countryman, S., Couvares, P., Coward, D. M., Cowart, M., Coyne, D. C., Coyne, R., Craig, K., Creighton, J. D. E., Crowder, S. G., Cumming, A., Cunningham, L., Cuoco, E., Dahl, K., Dal Canton, T., Damjanic, M., Danilishin, S. L., Dantonio, S., Danzmann, K., Dattilo, V., Daveloza, H., Davier, M., Davies, G. S., Daw, E. J., Day, R., Dayanga, T., Debreczeni, G., Degallaix, J., Delglise, S., Del Pozzo, W., Denker, T., Dent, T., Dereli, H., Dergachev, V., DE ROSA, Rosario, Derosa, R. T., Desalvo, R., Dhurandhar, S., Daz, M., Di Fiore, L., Di Lieto, A., Di Palma, I., Di Virgilio, A., Dolique, V., Donath, A., Donovan, F., Dooley, K. L., Doravari, S., Dossa, S., Douglas, R., Downes, T. P., Drago, M., Drever, R. W. P., Driggers, J. C., Du, Z., Ducrot, M., Dwyer, S., Eberle, T., Edo, T., Edwards, M., Effler, A., Eggenstein, H., Ehrens, P., Eichholz, J., Eikenberry, S. S., Endrczi, G., Essick, R., Etzel, T., Evans, M., Evans, T., Factourovich, M., Fafone, V., Fairhurst, S., Fang, Q., Farinon, S., Farr, B., Farr, W. M., Favata, M., Fehrmann, H., Fejer, M. M., Feldbaum, D., Feroz, F., Ferrante, I., Ferrini, F., Fidecaro, F., Finn, L. S., Fiori, I., Fisher, R. P., Flaminio, R., Fournier, J. D., Franco, S., Frasca, S., Frasconi, F., Frede, M., Frei, Z., Freise, A., Frey, R., Fricke, T. T., Fritschel, P., Frolov, V. V., Fulda, P., Fyffe, M., Gair, J., Gammaitoni, L., Gaonkar, S., Garufi, Fabio, Gehrels, N., Gemme, G., Gendre, B., Genin, E., Gennai, A., Ghosh, S., Giaime, J. A., Giardina, K. D., Giazotto, A., Gill, C., Gleason, J., Goetz, E., Goetz, R., Goggin, L. M., Gondan, L., Gonzlez, G., Gordon, N., Gorodetsky, M. L., Gossan, S., Goler, S., Gouaty, R., Grf, C., Graff, P. B., Granata, M., Grant, A., Gras, S., Gray, C., Greenhalgh, R. J. S., Gretarsson, A. M., Groot, P., Grote, H., Grover, K., Grunewald, S., Guidi, G. M., Guido, C., Gushwa, K., Gustafson, E. K., Gustafson, R., Hammer, D., Hammond, G., Hanke, M., Hanks, J., Hanna, C., Hanson, J., Harms, J., Harry, G. M., Harry, I. W., Harstad, E. D., Hart, M., Hartman, M. T., Haster, C. J., Haughian, K., Heidmann, A., Heintze, M., Heitmann, H., Hello, P., Hemming, G., Hendry, M., Heng, I. S., Heptonstall, A. W., Heurs, M., Hewitson, M., Hild, S., Hoak, D., Hodge, K. A., Holt, K., Hooper, S., Hopkins, P., Hosken, D. J., Hough, J., Howell, E. J., Hu, Y., Huerta, E., Hughey, B., Husa, S., Huttner, S. H., Huynh, M., Huynh Dinh, T., Ingram, D. R., Inta, R., Isogai, T., Ivanov, A., Iyer, B. R., Izumi, K., Jacobson, M., James, E., Jang, H., Jaranowski, P., Ji, Y., Jimnez Forteza, F., Johnson, W. W., Jones, D. I., Jones, R., Jonker, R. J. G., Ju, L., Haris, K, Kalmus, P., Kalogera, V., Kandhasamy, S., Kang, G., Kanner, J. B., Karlen, J., Kasprzack, M., Katsavounidis, E., Katzman, W., Kaufer, H., Kawabe, K., Kawazoe, F., Kflian, F., Keiser, G. M., Keitel, D., Kelley, D. B., Kells, W., Khalaidovski, A., Khalili, F. Y., Khazanov, E. A., Kim, C., Kim, K., Kim, N., Kim, N. G., Kim, Y. M., King, E. J., King, P. J., Kinzel, D. L., Kissel, J. S., Klimenko, S., Kline, J., Koehlenbeck, S., Kokeyama, K., Kondrashov, V., Koranda, S., Korth, W. Z., Kowalska, I., Kozak, D. B., Kremin, A., Kringel, V., Krishnan, B., Krlak, A., Kuehn, G., Kumar, A., Nanda Kumar, D., Kumar, P., Kumar, R., Kuo, L., Kutynia, A., Kwee, P., Landry, M., Lantz, B., Larson, S., Lasky, P. D., Lawrie, C., Lazzarini, A., Lazzaro, C., Leaci, P., Leavey, S., Lebigot, E. O., Lee, C. H., Lee, H. K., Lee, H. M., Lee, J., Leonardi, M., Leong, J. R., Le Roux, A., Leroy, N., Letendre, N., Levin, Y., Levine, B., Lewis, J., T. G. F., Li, Libbrecht, K., Libson, A., Lin, A. C., Littenberg, T. B., Litvine, V., Lockerbie, N. A., Lockett, V., Lodhia, D., Loew, K., Logue, J., Lombardi, A. L., Lorenzini, M., Loriette, V., Lormand, M., Losurdo, G., Lough, J., Lubinski, M. J., Lck, H., Luijten, E., Lundgren, A. P., Lynch, R., Ma, Y., Macarthur, J., Macdonald, E. P., Macdonald, T., Machenschalk, B., Macinnis, M., Macleod, D. M., Magana Sandoval, F., Mageswaran, M., Maglione, C., Mailand, K., Majorana, E., Maksimovic, I., Malvezzi, V., Man, N., Manca, G. M., Mandel, I., Mandic, V., Mangano, V., Mangini, N., Mantovani, M., Marchesoni, F., Marion, F., Mrka, S., Mrka, Z., Markosyan, A., Maros, E., Marque, J., Martelli, F., Martin, I. W., Martin, R. M., Martinelli, L., Martynov, D., Marx, J. N., Mason, K., Masserot, A., Massinger, T. J., Matichard, F., Matone, L., Matzner, R. A., Mavalvala, N., Mazumder, N., Mazzolo, G., Mccarthy, R., Mcclelland, D. E., Mcguire, S. C., Mcintyre, G., Mciver, J., Mclin, K., Meacher, D., Meadors, G. D., Mehmet, M., Meidam, J., Meinders, M., Melatos, A., Mendell, G., Mercer, R. A., Meshkov, S., Messenger, C., Meyers, P., Miao, H., Michel, C., Mikhailov, E. E., Milano, Leopoldo, Milde, S., Miller, J., Minenkov, Y., Mingarelli, C. M. F., Mishra, C., Mitra, S., Mitrofanov, V. P., Mitselmakher, G., Mittleman, R., Moe, B., Moesta, P., Moggi, A., Mohan, M., Mohapatra, S. R. P., Moraru, D., Moreno, G., Morgado, N., Morriss, S. R., Mossavi, K., Mours, B., Mow Lowry, C. M., Mueller, C. L., Mueller, G., Mukherjee, S., Mullavey, A., Munch, J., Murphy, D., Murray, P. G., Mytidis, A., Nagy, M. F., Nardecchia, I., Naticchioni, L., Nayak, R. K., Necula, V., Nelemans, G., Neri, I., Neri, M., Newton, G., Nguyen, T., Nitz, A., Nocera, F., Nolting, D., Normandin, M. E. N., Nuttall, L. K., Ochsner, E., Odell, J., Oelker, E., J. J., Oh, S. H., Oh, Ohme, F., Oppermann, P., Oreilly, B., Oshaughnessy, R., Osthelder, C., Ottaway, D. J., Ottens, R. S., Overmier, H., Owen, B. J., Padilla, C., Pai, A., Palashov, O., Palomba, C., Pan, H., Pan, Y., Pankow, C., Paoletti, F., Papa, M. A., Paris, H., Pasqualetti, A., Passaquieti, R., Passuello, D., Pedraza, M., Penn, S., Perreca, A., Phelps, M., Pichot, M., Pickenpack, M., Piergiovanni, F., Pierro, V., Pinard, L., Pinto, I. M., Pitkin, M., Poeld, J., Poggiani, R., Poteomkin, A., Powell, J., Prasad, J., Premachandra, S., Prestegard, T., Price, L. R., Prijatelj, M., Privitera, S., Prodi, G. A., Prokhorov, L., Puncken, O., Punturo, M., Puppo, P., Qin, J., Quetschke, V., Quintero, E., Quiroga, G., Quitzow James, R., Raab, F. J., Rabeling, D. S., Rcz, I., Radkins, H., Raffai, P., Raja, S., Rajalakshmi, G., Rakhmanov, M., Ramet, C., Ramirez, K., Rapagnani, P., Raymond, V., Razzano, M., Re, V., Read, J., Recchia, S., Reed, C. M., Regimbau, T., Reid, S., Reitze, D. H., Rhoades, E., Ricci, F., Riles, K., Robertson, N. A., Robinet, F., Rocchi, A., Rodruck, M., Rolland, L., Rollins, J. G., Romano, R., Romanov, G., Romie, J. H., Rosiska, D., Rowan, S., Rdiger, A., Ruggi, P., Ryan, K., Salemi, F., Sammut, L., Sandberg, V., Sanders, J. R., Sannibale, V., Santiago Prieto, I., Saracco, E., Sassolas, B., Sathyaprakash, B. S., Saulson, P. R., Savage, R., Scheuer, J., Schilling, R., Schnabel, R., Schofield, R. M. S., Schreiber, E., Schuette, D., Schutz, B. F., Scott, J., Scott, S. M., Sellers, D., Sengupta, A. S., Sentenac, D., Sequino, V., Sergeev, A., Shaddock, D., Shah, S., Shahriar, M. S., Shaltev, M., Shapiro, B., Shawhan, P., Shoemaker, D. H., Sidery, T. L., Siellez, K., Siemens, X., Sigg, D., Simakov, D., Singer, A., Singer, L., Singh, R., Sintes, A. M., Slagmolen, B. J. J., Slutsky, J., Smith, J. R., Smith, M., Smith, R. J. E., Smith Lefebvre, N. D., Son, E. J., Sorazu, B., Souradeep, T., Staley, A., Stebbins, J., Steinlechner, J., Steinlechner, S., Stephens, B. C., Steplewski, S., Stevenson, S., Stone, R., Stops, D., Strain, K. A., Straniero, N., Strigin, S., Sturani, R., Stuver, A. L., Summerscales, T. Z., Susmithan, S., Sutton, P. J., Swinkels, B., Tacca, M., Talukder, D., Tanner, D. B., Tarabrin, S. P., Taylor, R., Thirugnanasambandam, M. P., Thomas, M., Thomas, P., Thorne, K. A., Thorne, K. S., Thrane, E., Tiwari, V., Tokmakov, K. V., Tomlinson, C., Tonelli, M., Torres, C. V., Torrie, C. I., Travasso, F., Traylor, G., Tse, M., Ugolini, D., Unnikrishnan, C. S., Urban, A. L., Urbanek, K., Vahlbruch, H., Vajente, G., Valdes, G., Vallisneri, M., van Beuzekom, M., van den Brand, J. F. J., Van Den Broeck, C., van der Sluys, M. V., van Heijningen, J., van Veggel, A. A., Vass, S., Vasth, M., Vaulin, R., Vecchio, A., Vedovato, G., Veitch, J., Veitch, P. J., Venkateswara, K., Verkindt, D., Verma, S. S., Vetrano, F., Vicer, A., Vincent Finley, R., Vinet, J. Y., Vitale, S., Vo, T., Vocca, H., Vorvick, C., Vousden, W. D., Vyachanin, S. P., Wade, A., Wade, L., Wade, M., Walker, M., Wallace, L., Wang, M., Wang, X., Ward, R. L., Was, M., Weaver, B., Wei, L. W., Weinert, M., Weinstein, A. J., Weiss, R., Welborn, T., Wen, L., Wessels, P., West, M., Westphal, T., Wette, K., Whelan, J. T., Whitcomb, S. E., White, D. J., Whiting, B. F., Wiesner, K., Wilkinson, C., Williams, K., Williams, L., Williams, R., Williams, T., Williamson, A. R., Willis, J. L., Willke, B., Wimmer, M., Winkler, W., Wipf, C. C., Wiseman, A. G., Wittel, H., Woan, G., Worden, J., Yablon, J., Yakushin, I., Yamamoto, H., Yancey, C. C., Yang, H., Yang, Z., Yoshida, S., Yvert, M., Zadrony, A., Zanolin, M., Zendri, J. P., Fan, Zhang, Zhang, L., Zhao, C., Zhu, X. J., Zucker, M. 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Subjects
SPACE-TELESCOPE EVIDENCE, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), Astronomy, Pacs number: 04.70.-s, Astrophysics, 01 natural sciences, Pacs number: 04.80.Nn, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology, Gravitation, GLOBULAR-CLUSTER M15, Gravitational waves, black holes, interferometer, CORE, Quantum Cosmology, gravitational wave, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, EQUATIONS, QC, QB, Physics, Pacs number: 07.05.Kf, Oscillation, Settore FIS/01 - Fisica Sperimentale, CANDIDATE, Nuclear and High Energy Physics, PERTURBATIONS, Pacs number: 95.85.Sz, [PHYS.GRQC]Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Gravitational wave, General Relativity, Stellar mass, General relativity, MERGERS, Astrophysics::High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena, FOS: Physical sciences, General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology (gr-qc), Astrophysics::Cosmology and Extragalactic Astrophysics, [ PHYS.GRQC ] Physics [physics]/General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology [gr-qc], Settore FIS/05 - Astronomia e Astrofisica, 0103 physical sciences, FIELD, COLLAPSE, Astrophysics::Galaxy Astrophysics, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, BINARY, Mass ratio, LIGO, 13. Climate action, Globular cluster, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]
Abstract

We report results from a search for gravitational waves produced by perturbed intermediate mass black holes (IMBH) in data collected by LIGO and Virgo between 2005 and 2010. The search was sensitive to astrophysical sources that produced damped sinusoid gravitational wave signals, also known as ringdowns, with frequency $50\le f_{0}/\mathrm{Hz} \le 2000$ and decay timescale $0.0001\lesssim \tau/\mathrm{s} \lesssim 0.1$ characteristic of those produced in mergers of IMBH pairs. No significant gravitational wave candidate was detected. We report upper limits on the astrophysical coalescence rates of IMBHs with total binary mass $50 \le M/\mathrm{M}_\odot \le 450$ and component mass ratios of either 1:1 or 4:1. For systems with total mass $100 \le M/\mathrm{M}_\odot \le 150$, we report a 90%-confidence upper limit on the rate of binary IMBH mergers with non-spinning and equal mass components of $6.9\times10^{-8}\,$Mpc$^{-3}$yr$^{-1}$. We also report a rate upper limit for ringdown waveforms from perturbed IMBHs, radiating 1% of their mass as gravitational waves in the fundamental, $\ell=m=2$, oscillation mode, that is nearly three orders of magnitude more stringent than previous results., Comment: for the science summary, see http://www.ligo.org/science/Publication-S5S6RD/index.php

Published
2014
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