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2. PISA 2018 : did Sweden exclude students according to the rules?

Author

Andersson, Christian, Massih, Sofia Sandgren, Andersson, Christian, and Massih, Sofia Sandgren

Abstract

This study assesses whether student exclusions from PISA 2018 in Sweden followed the criteria set by the OECD. We do this using both qualitative and quantitative methods. Our conclusion is that the exclusions made in PISA 2018 in Sweden did not follow OECD criteria and were much too high. Furthermore, interviews with school coordinators indicate that many of them misunderstood the OECD criteria. We also conclude that the National Agency for Education did not sufficiently follow up on exclusions. A review of the Swedish exclusion rate made by the OECD did not present credible results but accepted the results. A recalculation of PISA 2018 scores for Sweden where we assume non-participating students to be low performers show that results are significantly affected.

Published
2023
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4. The effect of education on cognitive ability

Author

Falch, Torberg and Massih, Sofia Sandgren

Subjects
Examinations -- Analysis, Educational tests and measurements -- Analysis, Education -- Psychological aspects -- Sweden, Business, general, Economics
Abstract

This paper analyzes whether schooling increases intelligence measured by intelligence quotient (IQ). We use a longitudinal dataset where the individuals have conducted IQ tests both at ages 10 and 20. We estimate the effect of schooling on IQ at age 20 conditional on IQ at age 10 and other measures of early cognitive ability to account for selection into noncompulsory schooling. Ordinary least squares estimates indicate that 1 year of schooling increases IQ by 2.9-3.5 points (about 0.2 SD deviations), and instrumental variables estimates are similar. (JEL I21, J24), I. INTRODUCTION An implicit assumption in the human capital literature is that education affects individuals' general and analytical skills, and not only achievements narrowly related to the curriculum. A general [...]

Published
2011
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