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1. The HITRAN2020 molecular spectroscopic database

Author

Gordon, I. E., Rothman, L. S., Hargreaves, R. J., Hashemi, R., Karlovets, E., V, Skinner, F. M., Conway, E. K., Hill, C., Kochanov, R., V, Tan, Y., Wcislo, P., Finenko, A. A., Nelson, K., Bernath, P. F., Birk, M., Boudon, V, Campargue, A., Chance, K., V, Coustenis, A., Drouin, B. J., Flaud, J-M, Gamache, R. R., Hodges, J. T., Jacquemart, D., Mlawer, E. J., Nikitin, A., V, Perevalov, V., I, Rotger, M., Tennyson, J., Toon, G. C., Tran, H., Tyuterev, V. G., Adkins, E. M., Baker, A., Barbe, A., Cane, E., Csaszar, A. G., Dudaryonok, A., Egorov, O., Fleisher, A. J., Fleurbaey, H., Foltynowicz, A., Furtenbacher, T., Harrison, J. J., Hartmann, J-M, Horneman, V-M, Huang, X., Karman, T., Karns, J., Kassi, S., Kleiner, I, Kofman, V, Kwabia-Tchana, F., Lavrentieva, N. N., Lee, T. J., Long, D. A., Lukashevskaya, A. A., Lyulin, O. M., Makhnev, V. Yu, Matt, W., Massie, S. T., Melosso, M., Mikhailenko, S. N., Mondelain, D., Mueller, H. S. P., Naumenko, O., V, Perrin, A., Polyansky, O. L., Raddaoui, E., Raston, P. L., Reed, Z. D., Rey, M., Richard, C., Tobias, R., Sadiek, I, Schwenke, D. W., Starikova, E., Sung, K., Tamassia, F., Tashkun, S. A., Vander Auwera, J., Vasilenko, I. A., Vigasin, A. A., Villanueva, G. L., Vispoel, B., Wagner, G., Yachmenev, A., Yurchenko, S. N., Gordon, I. E., Rothman, L. S., Hargreaves, R. J., Hashemi, R., Karlovets, E., V, Skinner, F. M., Conway, E. K., Hill, C., Kochanov, R., V, Tan, Y., Wcislo, P., Finenko, A. A., Nelson, K., Bernath, P. F., Birk, M., Boudon, V, Campargue, A., Chance, K., V, Coustenis, A., Drouin, B. J., Flaud, J-M, Gamache, R. R., Hodges, J. T., Jacquemart, D., Mlawer, E. J., Nikitin, A., V, Perevalov, V., I, Rotger, M., Tennyson, J., Toon, G. C., Tran, H., Tyuterev, V. G., Adkins, E. M., Baker, A., Barbe, A., Cane, E., Csaszar, A. G., Dudaryonok, A., Egorov, O., Fleisher, A. J., Fleurbaey, H., Foltynowicz, A., Furtenbacher, T., Harrison, J. J., Hartmann, J-M, Horneman, V-M, Huang, X., Karman, T., Karns, J., Kassi, S., Kleiner, I, Kofman, V, Kwabia-Tchana, F., Lavrentieva, N. N., Lee, T. J., Long, D. A., Lukashevskaya, A. A., Lyulin, O. M., Makhnev, V. Yu, Matt, W., Massie, S. T., Melosso, M., Mikhailenko, S. N., Mondelain, D., Mueller, H. S. P., Naumenko, O., V, Perrin, A., Polyansky, O. L., Raddaoui, E., Raston, P. L., Reed, Z. D., Rey, M., Richard, C., Tobias, R., Sadiek, I, Schwenke, D. W., Starikova, E., Sung, K., Tamassia, F., Tashkun, S. A., Vander Auwera, J., Vasilenko, I. A., Vigasin, A. A., Villanueva, G. L., Vispoel, B., Wagner, G., Yachmenev, A., and Yurchenko, S. N.

Abstract

The HITRAN database is a compilation of molecular spectroscopic parameters. It was established in the early 1970s and is used by various computer codes to predict and simulate the transmission and emission of light in gaseous media (with an emphasis on terrestrial and planetary atmospheres). The HITRAN compilation is composed of five major components: the line-by-line spectroscopic parameters required for high-resolution radiative-transfer codes, experimental infrared absorption cross-sections (for molecules where it is not yet feasible for representation in a line-by-line form), collision-induced absorption data, aerosol indices of refraction, and general tables (including partition sums) that apply globally to the data. This paper describes the contents of the 2020 quadrennial edition of HITRAN. The HITRAN2020 edition takes advantage of recent experimental and theoretical data that were meticulously validated, in particular, against laboratory and atmospheric spectra. The new edition replaces the previous HITRAN edition of 2016 (including its updates during the intervening years). All five components of HITRAN have undergone major updates. In particular, the extent of the updates in the HITRAN2020 edition range from updating a few lines of specific molecules to complete replacements of the lists, and also the introduction of additional isotopologues and new (to HITRAN) molecules: SO, CH3F, GeH4, CS2, CH3I and NF3. Many new vibrational bands were added, extending the spectral coverage and completeness of the line lists. Also, the accuracy of the parameters for major atmospheric absorbers has been increased substantially, often featuring sub-percent uncertainties. Broadening parameters associated with the ambient pressure of water vapor were introduced to HITRAN for the first time and are now available for several molecules. The HITRAN2020 edition continues to take advantage of the relational structure and efficient interface available at www.hitran.org and the HITR

Published
2022

2. The HITRAN2020 molecular spectroscopic database

Author

Gordon, I. E. (I. E.), Rothman, L. S. (L. S.), Hargreaves, R. J. (R. J.), Hashemi, R. (R.), Karlovets, E. V. (E., V), Skinner, F. M. (F. M.), Conway, E. K. (E. K.), Hill, C. (C.), Kochanov, R. V. (R., V), Tan, Y. (Y.), Wcislo, P. (P.), Finenko, A. A. (A. A.), Nelson, K. (K.), Bernath, P. F. (P. F.), Birk, M. (M.), Boudon, V. (V), Campargue, A. (A.), Chance, K. V. (K., V), Coustenis, A. (A.), Drouin, B. J. (B. J.), Flaud, J.-M. (J-M), Gamache, R. R. (R. R.), Hodges, J. T. (J. T.), Jacquemart, D. (D.), Mlawer, E. J. (E. J.), Nikitin, A. V. (A., V), Perevalov, V. I. (V., I), Rotger, M. (M.), Tennyson, J. (J.), Toon, G. C. (G. C.), Tran, H. (H.), Tyuterev, V. G. (V. G.), Adkins, E. M. (E. M.), Baker, A. (A.), Barbe, A. (A.), Cane, E. (E.), Csaszar, A. G. (A. G.), Dudaryonok, A. (A.), Egorov, O. (O.), Fleisher, A. J. (A. J.), Fleurbaey, H. (H.), Foltynowicz, A. (A.), Furtenbacher, T. (T.), Harrison, J. J. (J. J.), Hartmann, J.-M. (J-M), Horneman, V.-M. (V-M), Huang, X. (X.), Karman, T. (T.), Karns, J. (J.), Kassi, S. (S.), Kleiner, I. (I), Kofman, V. (V), Kwabia-Tchana, F. (F.), Lavrentieva, N. N. (N. N.), Lee, T. J. (T. J.), Long, D. A. (D. A.), Lukashevskaya, A. A. (A. A.), Lyulin, O. M. (O. M.), Makhnev, V. Y. (V. Yu), Matt, W. (W.), Massie, S. T. (S. T.), Melosso, M. (M.), Mikhailenko, S. N. (S. N.), Mondelain, D. (D.), Mueller, H. S. (H. S. P.), Naumenko, O. V. (O., V), Perrin, A. (A.), Polyansky, O. L. (O. L.), Raddaoui, E. (E.), Raston, P. L. (P. L.), Reed, Z. D. (Z. D.), Rey, M. (M.), Richard, C. (C.), Tobias, R. (R.), Sadiek, I. (I), Schwenke, D. W. (D. W.), Starikova, E. (E.), Sung, K. (K.), Tamassia, F. (F.), Tashkun, S. A. (S. A.), Vander Auwera, J. (J.), Vasilenko, I. A. (I. A.), Vigasin, A. A. (A. A.), Villanueva, G. L. (G. L.), Vispoel, B. (B.), Wagner, G. (G.), Yachmenev, A. (A.), Yurchenko, S. N. (S. N.), Gordon, I. E. (I. E.), Rothman, L. S. (L. S.), Hargreaves, R. J. (R. J.), Hashemi, R. (R.), Karlovets, E. V. (E., V), Skinner, F. M. (F. M.), Conway, E. K. (E. K.), Hill, C. (C.), Kochanov, R. V. (R., V), Tan, Y. (Y.), Wcislo, P. (P.), Finenko, A. A. (A. A.), Nelson, K. (K.), Bernath, P. F. (P. F.), Birk, M. (M.), Boudon, V. (V), Campargue, A. (A.), Chance, K. V. (K., V), Coustenis, A. (A.), Drouin, B. J. (B. J.), Flaud, J.-M. (J-M), Gamache, R. R. (R. R.), Hodges, J. T. (J. T.), Jacquemart, D. (D.), Mlawer, E. J. (E. J.), Nikitin, A. V. (A., V), Perevalov, V. I. (V., I), Rotger, M. (M.), Tennyson, J. (J.), Toon, G. C. (G. C.), Tran, H. (H.), Tyuterev, V. G. (V. G.), Adkins, E. M. (E. M.), Baker, A. (A.), Barbe, A. (A.), Cane, E. (E.), Csaszar, A. G. (A. G.), Dudaryonok, A. (A.), Egorov, O. (O.), Fleisher, A. J. (A. J.), Fleurbaey, H. (H.), Foltynowicz, A. (A.), Furtenbacher, T. (T.), Harrison, J. J. (J. J.), Hartmann, J.-M. (J-M), Horneman, V.-M. (V-M), Huang, X. (X.), Karman, T. (T.), Karns, J. (J.), Kassi, S. (S.), Kleiner, I. (I), Kofman, V. (V), Kwabia-Tchana, F. (F.), Lavrentieva, N. N. (N. N.), Lee, T. J. (T. J.), Long, D. A. (D. A.), Lukashevskaya, A. A. (A. A.), Lyulin, O. M. (O. M.), Makhnev, V. Y. (V. Yu), Matt, W. (W.), Massie, S. T. (S. T.), Melosso, M. (M.), Mikhailenko, S. N. (S. N.), Mondelain, D. (D.), Mueller, H. S. (H. S. P.), Naumenko, O. V. (O., V), Perrin, A. (A.), Polyansky, O. L. (O. L.), Raddaoui, E. (E.), Raston, P. L. (P. L.), Reed, Z. D. (Z. D.), Rey, M. (M.), Richard, C. (C.), Tobias, R. (R.), Sadiek, I. (I), Schwenke, D. W. (D. W.), Starikova, E. (E.), Sung, K. (K.), Tamassia, F. (F.), Tashkun, S. A. (S. A.), Vander Auwera, J. (J.), Vasilenko, I. A. (I. A.), Vigasin, A. A. (A. A.), Villanueva, G. L. (G. L.), Vispoel, B. (B.), Wagner, G. (G.), Yachmenev, A. (A.), and Yurchenko, S. N. (S. N.)

Abstract

The HITRAN database is a compilation of molecular spectroscopic parameters. It was established in the early 1970s and is used by various computer codes to predict and simulate the transmission and emission of light in gaseous media (with an emphasis on terrestrial and planetary atmospheres). The HITRAN compilation is composed of five major components: the line-by-line spectroscopic parameters required for high-resolution radiative-transfer codes, experimental infrared absorption cross-sections (for molecules where it is not yet feasible for representation in a line-by-line form), collision-induced absorption data, aerosol indices of refraction, and general tables (including partition sums) that apply globally to the data. This paper describes the contents of the 2020 quadrennial edition of HITRAN. The HITRAN2020 edition takes advantage of recent experimental and theoretical data that were meticulously validated, in particular, against laboratory and atmospheric spectra. The new edition replaces the previous HITRAN edition of 2016 (including its updates during the intervening years). All five components of HITRAN have undergone major updates. In particular, the extent of the updates in the HITRAN2020 edition range from updating a few lines of specific molecules to complete replacements of the lists, and also the introduction of additional isotopologues and new (to HITRAN) molecules: SO, CH₃F, GeH₄, CS₂, CH₃I and NF₃. Many new vibrational bands were added, extending the spectral coverage and completeness of the line lists. Also, the accuracy of the parameters for major atmospheric absorbers has been increased substantially, often featuring sub-percent uncertainties. Broadening parameters associated with the ambient pressure of water vapor were introduced to HITRAN for the first time and are now available for several molecules. The HITRAN2020 edition continues to take advantage of the relational structure and efficient interface available at www.hitran.org and

Published
2022

3. Influence of Convection and Aerosol Pollution on Ice Cloud Particle Effective Radius

Author

Jiang, J. H, Su, H, Zhai, C, Massie, S. T, Schoeberl, M. R, Colarco, P. R, Platnick, S, Gu, Y, and Liou, K.-N

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

Satellite observations show that ice cloud effective radius (r(sub e)) increases with ice water content (IWC) but decreases with aerosol optical thickness (AOT). Using least-squares fitting to the observed data, we obtain an analytical formula to describe the variations of r(sub e) with IWC and AOT for several regions with distinct characteristics of r(sub e) -IWC-AOT relationships. As IWC directly relates to convective strength and AOT represents aerosol loading, our empirical formula provides a means to quantify the relative roles of dynamics and aerosols in controlling r(sub e) in different geographical regions, and to establish a framework for parameterization of aerosol effects on r(sub e) in climate models.

Published
2011
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4. The aura mission: measurements, validation plan, and synergies with NDSC

Author

Froidevaux, L, Beer, R, Rider, D. M, Sander, S. P, Waters, J. W, Barnett, J. J, Gille, J. C, Johnson, B, Kinnison, D, Massie, S. T, Boersma, K. F, Brinksma, E. J, Levelt, P, Leppelmeier, G. W, Bhartia, P. K, Douglas, A. R, Hilsenrath, E, McPeters, R, and Schoeberl, M. R

Published
2001

5. Comparison of U.K. Meteorological Office and U.S. National Meteorological Center Stratospheric Analyses During Northern and Southern Winter

Author

Manney, G. L, Swinbank, R, Massie, S. T, Gelman, M. E, Miller, A. J, Nagatani, R, ONeill, A. O, and Zurek, R. W

Subjects
Meteorology And Climatology
Abstract

Meteorological data from the United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO), produced using a data assimilation system, and the U.S. National Meteorological Center (NMC), produced using an objective analysis procedure, are compared for dynamically active periods during the Arctic and Antarctic winters of 1992. The differences seen during these periods are generally similar to those seen during other winter periods. Both UKMO and NMC analyses capture the large-scale evolution of the stratospheric circulation during northern hemisphere (NH) and southern hemisphere (SH) winters. Stronger vertical and horizontal temperature gradients develop in the UKMO than in the NMC data during stratospheric warmings; comparison with satellite measurements with better vertical resolution suggests that the stronger vertical temperature gradients are more realistic. The NH polar vortex is slightly stronger in the UKMO analyses than in the NMC in the middle and upper stratosphere, and midstratospheric temperatures are slightly lower. The SH polar vortex as represented in the UKMO analyses is stronger and colder in the midstratosphere than its representation in the NMC analyses. The UKMO analyses on occasion exhibit some difficulties in representing cross-polar flow or changes in curvature of the wind field at very high latitudes. In addition to the above study of two wintertime periods, a more detailed comparison of lower-stratospheric temperatures is done for all Arctic and Antarctic winter periods since the launch of the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite. In the NH lower stratosphere during winter, NMC temperatures are consistently lower than UKMO temperatures and closer to radiosonde temperatures than are UKMO temperatures. Conversely, in the SH lower stratosphere during winter, UKMO temperatures are typically lower than NMC and are closer to radiosonde temperature observations.

Published
1996
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6. Simultaneous Observations fo Polar Stratospheric Clouds and HNO3 over Scandinavia in January, 1992

Author

Massie, S. T, Santee, M. L, Read, W. G, Grainger, R. G, Lambert, A, Mergenthaler, J. L, Dye, J. E, Baumbardner, D, Randel, W. J, Tabazadeh, A, Tie, X, Pan, L, Figarol, F, Wu, F, and Brasseur, G. P

Abstract

Simultaneous observations of Polar Stratospheric Cloud aerosol extinction and HNO3 mixing ratios over Scandinavia are examined for January 9-10, 1992. Data measured by the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS), Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon, Spectrometer (CLAES), and Improved Stratospheric and Mesospheric Sounder (ISAMA) experiments on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) are examined at locations adjacent to parcel trajectory positions.

Published
1996

7. Comparison of UKMO and NMC Stratospheric Analyses During Northern and Southern Winter

Author

Manney, G. L, Swinbank, R, Massie, S. T, Gelman, M. E, Miller, A. J, Nagatani, R, O'Neill, A, and Zurek, R. W

Subjects
Earth Resources And Remote Sensing
Abstract

Instruments on board the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite have been measuring stratospheric temperatures, winds, and constituent species since September 1991. Among the correlative data that aid in interpreting this data are two sets of global meteorological analyses. Meteorological data from the United Kingdom Meteorological Office (UKMO), and the US National Meteorological Center (NMC) are discussed.

Published
1995

8. Spectral signatures of polar stratospheric clouds and sulfate aerosol

Author

Massie, S. T, Bailey, P. L, Gille, J. C, Lee, E. C, Mergenthaler, J. L, Roche, A. E, Kumer, J. B, Fishbein, E. F, Waters, J. W, and Lahoz, W. A

Subjects
Environment Pollution
Abstract

Multiwavelength observations of Antarctic and midlatitude aerosol by the Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrometer (CLAES) experiment on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) are used to demonstrate a technique that identifies the location of polar stratospheric clouds. The technique discussed uses the normalized area of the triangle formed by the aerosol extinctions at 925, 1257, and 1605/cm (10.8, 8.0, and 6.2 micrometers) to derive a spectral aerosol measure M of the aerosol spectrum. Mie calculations for spherical particles and T-matrix calculations for spheriodal particles are used to generate theoretical spectral extinction curves for sulfate and polar stratospheric cloud particles. The values of the spectral aerosol measure M for the sulfate and polar stratospheric cloud particles are shown to be different. Aerosol extinction data, corresponding to temperatures between 180 and 220 K at a pressure of 46 hPa (near 21-km altitude) for 18 August 1992, are used to demonstrate the technique. Thermodynamic calculations, based upon frost-point calculations and laboratory phase-equilibrium studies of nitric acid trihydrate, are used to predict the location of nitric acid trihydrate cloud particles.

Published
1994
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9. Indices of refraction for the HITRAN compilation

Author

Massie, S. T

Subjects
Inorganic And Physical Chemistry
Abstract

Indices of refraction of sulfuric acid solutions, water, and ice, which will become part of the HITRAN database, are discussed. Representative calculations are presented for the sulfate aerosol, to illustrate the broadband spectral features of i.r. aerosol extinction spectra. Values of the sulfuric acid mass density are used in an application of the Lorentz-Lorenz equation, which is used to estimate the sensitivity of extinction coefficients to temperature dependent refractive indices.

Published
1994
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10. Absorption parameters of very dense molecular spectra for the HITRAN compilation

Author

Massie, S. T and Goldman, A

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

Cross sections for the heavy molecules CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-13, CFC-14, CFC-22, CFC-113, CFC-114, CFC-115, CCl4, ClONO2, N2O5, HNO4, and HNO3 are included on the HITRAN 91 database. For many of these species, the cross sections vary by a factor of two between room temperature and temperatures near 210 K. The chemical importance of the heavy molecules, the quantitative accuracy of the HITRAN 91 cross sections, and the need for additional spectroscopic quantification are discussed.

Published
1992
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11. Long-Term Trends in the Concentrations of SF6, CHClF2, and COF2 in the Lower Stratosphere from Analysis of High-Resolution Infrared Solar Occultation Spectra

Author

Rinsland, C. P, Goldman, A, Murcray, F. J, Blatherwick, R. D, Kosters, J. J, Murcray, D. G, Sze, N. D, and Massie, S. T

Subjects
Environment Pollution
Abstract

Long-term trends in the concentrations of SF6, CHClF2 (CFC-22), and COF2 in the lower stratosphere have been derived from analysis of ca. 1980 and more recent infrared solar occultation spectra recorded near 32 deg N latitude at approx. 0.02/ cm resolution. Consistent sets of line parameters and spectral calibration methods have been used in the retrievals to minimize systematic error effects. Quoted error limits are 1 sigma estimated precisions. The SF6 and CHClF2 results are based on spectra recorded by balloon-borne interferometers in March 1981 and June 1988 and a comparison of these results with the Atmospheric Trace Molecule Spectroscopy (ATMOS) Experiment/Spacelab 3 measurements obtained in May 1985 near 30 deg N latitude. In the 13-18 km altitude range the mean measured SF6 mixing ratio in parts per trillion by volume (pptv) increased from 1.17 +/- 0.21 in March 1981 to 2.02 +/- 0.20 pptv in June 1988, and the CHClF2 mixing ratio below 15 km altitude increased from 51 +/- 8 pptv in March 1981 to 102 +/- 10 pptv in June 1988. The CHClF2 retrievals used new empirical CHClF2 line parameters derived from 0.03/cm resolution laboratory spectra recorded at six temperatures between 203 and 293 K; the derived mixing ratios are approx. 30% higher than obtained with earlier sets of line parameters, thereby removing a large discrepancy noted previously between IR and in situ measurements of CHClF2. Assuming an exponential growth model for fitting the trends, SF6 and CHClF2 mean increase rates of 7.4% +/- 1.9% and 9.4% +/- 1.3% /year, are obtained, respectively, which correspond to cumulative increases by factors of approx. 1.7 and -2.0 in the concentrations of these gases over the 7.2-year measurement period. Analysis of spectra recorded in October 1979 and April 1989 yields COF2 volume mixing ratios that are respectively 0.44 +/- 0.17 and 1.21 +/- 0.24 times the ATMOS/Spacelab 3 values, from which an average COF2 increase rate of 10.3 +/- 1.8%/ year over this time period has been estimated. The present results are compared with previously reported observations and trends and with one-dimensional model calculations. The model calculated trends are in reasonably good agreement with the observations.

Published
1990

12. Thermal emission spectroscopy of the middle atmosphere

Author

Kunde, V. G, Brasunas, J. C, Conrath, B. J, Herman, J. R, Maguire, W. C, Massie, S. T, and Abbas, Mian M

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

The general objective of this research is to obtain, via remote sensing, simultaneous measurements of the vertical distributions of stratospheric temperature, ozone, and trace constituents that participate in the catalytic destruction of ozone (NO(sub y): NO, NO2, NO3, HNO3, ClONO2, N2O5, HNO4; Cl(sub x): HOCl), and the source gases for the catalytic cycles (H2O, CH4, N2O, CF2Cl2, CFCl3, CCl4, CH3Cl, CHF2Cl, etc.). Data are collected during a complete diurnal cycle in order to test our present understanding of ozone chemistry and its associate catalytic cycles. The instrumentation employed is an emission-mode, balloon-borne, liquid-nitrogen-cooled Michelson interferometer-spectrometer (SIRIS), covering the mid-infrared range with a spectral resolution of 0.020 cm(exp -1). Cryogenic cooling combined with the use of extrinsic silicon photoconductor detectors allows the detection of weak emission features of stratospheric gaseous species. Vertical distributions of these species are inferred from scans of the thermal emission of the limb in a sequence of elevation angles. The fourth SIRIS balloon flight was carried out from Palestine, Texas on September 15-16, 1986 with 9 hours of nighttime data (40 km). High quality data with spectral resolution 0.022 cm(exp -1), were obtained for numerous limb sequences. Fifteen stratospheric species have been identified to date from this flight: five species from the NO(sub y) family (HNO3, NO2, NO, ClONO2, N2O5), plus CO2, O3, H2O, N2O, CH4, CCl3F, CCl2F2, CHF2Cl, CF4, and CCl4. The nighttime values of N2O5, ClONO2, and total odd nitrogen have been measured for the first time, and compared to model results. Analysis of the diurnal variation of N2O5 within the 1984 and 1986 data sets, and of the 1984 ClONO2 measurements, were presented in the literature. The demonstrated ability of SIRIS to measure all the major NO(sub y) species, and therefore to determine the partitioning of the nitrogen family over a continuous diurnal cycle, is a powerful tool in the verification and improvement of photochemical modeling.

Published
1990

13. The HITRAN2016 molecular spectroscopic database

Author

Gordon, I. E., Rothman, L. S., Hill, C., Kochanov, R. V., Tan, Y., Bernath, P. F., Birk, M., Boudon, V., Campargue, A., Chance, K. V., Drouin, B. J., Flaud, J. -M., Gamache, R. R., Hodges, J. T., Jacquemart, D., Perevalov, V. I., Perrin, A., Shine, K. P., Smith, M. -A. H., Tennyson, J., Toon, G. C., Tran, H., Tyuterev, V. G., Barbe, A., Csaszar, A. G., Devi, V. M., Furtenbacher, T., Harrison, J. J., Hartmann, J. -M., Jolly, A., Johnson, T. J., Karman, T., Kleiner, I., Kyuberis, A. A., Loos, J., Lyulin, O. M., Massie, S. T., Mikhailenko, S. N., Moazzen-Ahmadi, N., Mueller, H. S. P., Naumenko, O. V., Nikitin, A. V., Polyansky, O. L., Rey, M., Rotger, M., Sharpe, S. W., Sung, K., Starikova, E., Tashkun, S. A., Vander Auwera, J., Wagner, G., Wilzewski, J., Wcislo, P., Yu, S., Zak, E. J., Gordon, I. E., Rothman, L. S., Hill, C., Kochanov, R. V., Tan, Y., Bernath, P. F., Birk, M., Boudon, V., Campargue, A., Chance, K. V., Drouin, B. J., Flaud, J. -M., Gamache, R. R., Hodges, J. T., Jacquemart, D., Perevalov, V. I., Perrin, A., Shine, K. P., Smith, M. -A. H., Tennyson, J., Toon, G. C., Tran, H., Tyuterev, V. G., Barbe, A., Csaszar, A. G., Devi, V. M., Furtenbacher, T., Harrison, J. J., Hartmann, J. -M., Jolly, A., Johnson, T. J., Karman, T., Kleiner, I., Kyuberis, A. A., Loos, J., Lyulin, O. M., Massie, S. T., Mikhailenko, S. N., Moazzen-Ahmadi, N., Mueller, H. S. P., Naumenko, O. V., Nikitin, A. V., Polyansky, O. L., Rey, M., Rotger, M., Sharpe, S. W., Sung, K., Starikova, E., Tashkun, S. A., Vander Auwera, J., Wagner, G., Wilzewski, J., Wcislo, P., Yu, S., and Zak, E. J.

Abstract

This paper describes the contents of the 2016 edition of the HITRAN molecular spectroscopic compilation. The new edition replaces the previous HITRAN edition of 2012 and its updates during the intervening years. The HITRAN molecular absorption compilation is composed of five major components: the traditional line-by-line spectroscopic parameters required for high-resolution radiative-transfer codes, infrared absorption cross-sections for molecules not yet amenable to representation in a line-by-line form, collision-induced absorption data, aerosol indices of refraction, and general tables such as partition sums that apply globally to the data. The new HITRAN is greatly extended in terms of accuracy, spectral coverage, additional absorption phenomena, added line-shape formalisms, and validity. Moreover, molecules, isotopologues, and perturbing gases have been added that address the issues of atmospheres beyond the Earth. Of considerable note, experimental IR cross-sections for almost 300 additional molecules important in different areas of atmospheric science have been added to the database. The compilation can be accessed through www.hitran.org. Most of the HITRAN data have now been cast into an underlying relational database structure that offers many advantages over the long-standing sequential text-based structure. The new structure empowers the user in many, ways. It enables the incorporation of an extended set of fundamental parameters per transition, sophisticated line-shape formalisms, easy user-defined output formats, and very convenient searching, filtering, and plotting of data. A powerful application programming interface making use of structured query language (SQL) features for higher-level applications of HITRAN is also provided. Published by Elsevier Ltd.

Published
2017

14. The 2015 edition of the GEISA spectroscopic database

Author

Jacquinet-Husson, N., Armante, R., Scott, N. A., Chedin, A., Crepeau, L., Boutammine, C., Bouhdaoui, A., Crevoisier, C., Capelle, V., Boonne, C., Poulet-Crovisier, N., Barbe, A., Benner, D. Chris, Boudon, V., Brown, L. R., Buldyreva, J., Campargue, A., Coudert, L. H., Devi, V. M., Down, M. J., Drouin, B. J., Fayt, A., Fittschen, C., Flaud, J. -M., Gamache, R. R., Harrison, J. J., Hill, C., Hodnebrog, O., Hu, S. -M., Jacquemart, D., Jolly, A., Jimenez, E., Lavrentieva, N. N., Liu, A. -W., Lodi, L., Lyulin, O. M., Massie, S. T., Mikhailenko, S., Mueller, H. S. P., Naumenko, O. V., Nikitin, A., Nielsen, C. J., Orphal, J., Perevalov, V. I., Perrin, A., Polovtseva, E., Predoi-Cross, A., Rotger, M., Ruth, A. A., Yu, S. S., Sung, K., Tashkun, S. A., Tennyson, J., Tyuterev, V. I. G., Auwera, J. Vander, Voronin, B. A., Makie, A., Jacquinet-Husson, N., Armante, R., Scott, N. A., Chedin, A., Crepeau, L., Boutammine, C., Bouhdaoui, A., Crevoisier, C., Capelle, V., Boonne, C., Poulet-Crovisier, N., Barbe, A., Benner, D. Chris, Boudon, V., Brown, L. R., Buldyreva, J., Campargue, A., Coudert, L. H., Devi, V. M., Down, M. J., Drouin, B. J., Fayt, A., Fittschen, C., Flaud, J. -M., Gamache, R. R., Harrison, J. J., Hill, C., Hodnebrog, O., Hu, S. -M., Jacquemart, D., Jolly, A., Jimenez, E., Lavrentieva, N. N., Liu, A. -W., Lodi, L., Lyulin, O. M., Massie, S. T., Mikhailenko, S., Mueller, H. S. P., Naumenko, O. V., Nikitin, A., Nielsen, C. J., Orphal, J., Perevalov, V. I., Perrin, A., Polovtseva, E., Predoi-Cross, A., Rotger, M., Ruth, A. A., Yu, S. S., Sung, K., Tashkun, S. A., Tennyson, J., Tyuterev, V. I. G., Auwera, J. Vander, Voronin, B. A., and Makie, A.

Abstract

The GEISA database (Gestion et Etude des Informations Spectroscopiques Atmospheriques: Management and Study of Atmospheric Spectroscopic Information) has been developed and maintained by the ARA/ABC(t) group at LMD since 1974. GEISA is constantly evolving, taking into account the best available spectroscopic data. This paper presents the 2015 release of GEISA (GEISA-2015), which updates the last edition of 2011 and celebrates the 40th anniversary of the database. Significant updates and additions have been implemented in the three following independent databases of GEISA. The line parameters database contains 52 molecular species (118 isotopologues) and transitions in the spectral range from 10(-6) to 35,877.031 cm(-1), representing 5,067,351 entries, against 3,794,297 in GEISA-2011. Among the previously existing molecules, 20 molecular species have been updated. A new molecule (SO3) has been added. HDO, isotopologue of H2O, is now identified as an independent molecular species. Seven new isotopologues have been added to the GEISA-2015 database. The cross section sub-database has been enriched by the addition of 43 new molecular species in its infrared part, 4 molecules (ethane, propane, acetone, acetonitrile) are also updated; they represent 3% of the update. A new section is added, in the near-infrared spectral region, involving 7 molecular species: CH3CN, CH3I, CH3O2, H2CO, HO2, HONO, NH3. The microphysical and optical properties of atmospheric aerosols sub-database has been updated for the first time since 2003. It contains more than 40 species originating from NCAR and 20 from the ARIA archive of Oxford University. As for the previous versions, this new release of GEISA and associated management software facilities are implemented and freely accessible on the AERIS/ESPRI atmospheric chemistry data center website. (C) 2016 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

Published
2016

15. The HITRAN2012 molecular spectroscopic database

Author

Rothman, L. S., Gordon, I. E., Babikov, Y., Barbe, A., Chris Benner, D., Bernath, P. F., Birk, M., Bizzocchi, L., Boudon, V., Brown, L. R., Campargue, A., Chance, K., Cohen, E. A., Coudert, L. H., Devi, V. M., Drouin, B. J., Fayt, A., Flaud, J.-M., Gamache, R. R., Harrison, J. J., Hartmann, J.-M., Hill, C., Hodges, J. T., Jacquemart, D., Jolly, A., Lamouroux, J., Le Roy, R. J., Li, G., Long, D. A., Lyulin, O. M., Mackie, C. J., Massie, S. T., Mikhailenko, S., Müller, H. S. P., Naumenko, O. V., Nikitin, A. V., Orphal, J., Perevalov, V., Perrin, A., Polovtseva, E. R., Richard, C., Smith, M. A. H., Starikova, E., Sung, K., Tashkun, S., Tennyson, J., Toon, G. C., Tyuterev, Vl. G., Wagner, G., Atomic and Molecular Physics Division [Cambridge] (AMP), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge], Department of Physics, College of William and Mary [Williamsburg] (WM), Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry [Norfolk], Old Dominion University [Norfolk] (ODU), LAsers, Molécules et Environnement (LAME-LIPhy), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire de Physique [Saint Martin d’Hères] (LIPhy), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA (UMR_7583)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Department of Environmental, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences [Lowell], University of Massachusetts [Lowell] (UMass Lowell), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Laboratoire de Dynamique Interactions et Réactivité (LADIR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GNS Science, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), V.E. Zuev Institute of Atmospheric Optics (IAO), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge], Rothman, L.S., Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, LIPhy-LAME, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité Commune d'Expérimentation Animale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, and Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution

Subjects
Aerosols, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-OPTICS]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Optics [physics.optics], Radiation, Spectroscopic database, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Spectroscopic line parameters, 01 natural sciences, Molecular spectroscopy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, 010309 optics, HITRAN, Molecular absorption, 0103 physical sciences, Experimentelle Verfahren, Absorption cross-sections, Spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

International audience; This paper describes the status of the 2012 edition of the HITRAN molecular spectroscopic compilation. The new edition replaces the previous HITRAN edition of 2008 and its updates during the intervening years. The HITRAN molecular absorption compilation is comprised of six major components structured into folders that are freely accessible on the internet. These folders consist of the traditional line-by-line spectroscopic parameters required for high-resolution radiative-transfer codes, infrared absorption cross-sections for molecules not yet amenable to representation in a line-by-line form, ultraviolet spectroscopic parameters, aerosol indices of refraction, collision-induced absorption data, and general tables such as partition sums that apply globally to the data. The new HITRAN is greatly extended in terms of accuracy, spectral coverage, additional absorption phenomena, and validity. Molecules and isotopologues have been added that address the issues of atmospheres beyond the Earth. Also discussed is a new initiative that casts HITRAN into a relational database format that offers many advantages over the long-standing sequential text-based structure that has existed since the initial release of HITRAN in the early 1970s.

Published
2013
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16. The HITRAN 2004 molecular spectroscopic database

Author

Rothman, L. S., Jacquemart, D., Barbe, A., Benner, D. C., Birk, M., Brown, L. R., Carleer, M. R., Chackerian, C., Chance, K., Coudert, L. H., Dana, V., Devi, V. M., Flaud, J. M., Gamache, R. R., Goldman, A., Hartmann, J. M., Jucks, K. W., Maki, A. G., Mandin, J. Y., Massie, S. T., Orphal, J., Perrin, A., Rinsland, C. P., Smith, M. A. H., Tennyson, J., Tolchenov, R. N., Toth, R. A., Vander Auwera, J., Varanasi, P., Wagner, G., Atomic and Molecular Physics Division [Cambridge] (AMP), Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge], Groupe de spectrométrie moléculaire et atmosphérique (GSMA), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics, The College of William and Mary, College of William and Mary [Williamsburg] (WM), DLR Institut für Methodik der Fernerkundung / DLR Remote Sensing Technology Institute (IMF), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Oberpfaffenhofen-Wessling] (DLR), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Service de Chimie Quantique et Photophysique, Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Laboratoire de Photophysique Moléculaire (PPM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11), Laboratoire de Physique Moleculaire pour l'Atmosphere et l'Astrophysique (LPMAA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Environmental, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences [Lowell], University of Massachusetts [Lowell] (UMass Lowell), University of Massachusetts System (UMASS)-University of Massachusetts System (UMASS), Department of Physics [Denver], University of Colorado [Denver], Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge], Laboratoire de Physique moléculaire et applications (LPMA), National Center for Atmospheric Research [Boulder] (NCAR), Center for Atmospheric Sciences [Hampton] (CAS), Hampton University, Department of Physics and Astronomy [UCL London], University College of London [London] (UCL), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution

Subjects
Aerosols, Radiation, Spectroscopic database, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP], HITRAN, spectroscopic database, molecular spectroscopy, molecular absorption, line parameters, absorption cross-sections, aerosols, SELF-BROADENING COEFFICIENTS, ABSOLUTE LINE-INTENSITIES, FOURIER-TRANSFORM SPECTROSCOPY, ABSORPTION CROSS-SECTIONS, DIODE-LASER SPECTROSCOPY, FAR-INFRARED SPECTRUM, MULTISPECTRUM FITTING PROCEDURE, PRESSURE-SHIFT COEFFICIENTS, EFFECTIVE DIPOLE-MOMENT, MU-M REGION, 01 natural sciences, Molecular spectroscopy, Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics, Fernerkundung, 010309 optics, Line parameters, Molecular absorption, HITRAN, 0103 physical sciences, spektroskopische Datenbasis, Absorption cross-sections, Spectroscopy, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract

This paper describes the status of the 2004 edition of the HITRAN molecular spectroscopic database. The HITRAN compilation consists of several components that serve as input for radiative transfer calculation codes: individual line parameters for the microwave through visible spectra of molecules in the gas phase; absorption cross-sections for molecules having dense spectral features, i.e., spectra in which the individual lines are unresolvable; individual line parameters and absorption cross-sections for bands in the ultra-violet; refractive indices of aerosols; tables and files of general properties associated with the database; and database management software. The line-by-line portion of the database contains spectroscopic parameters for 39 molecules including many of their isotopologues.The format of the section of the database on individual line parameters of HITRAN has undergone the most extensive enhancement in almost two decades. It now lists the Einstein A-coefficients, statistical weights of the upper and lower levels of the transitions, a better system for the representation of quantum identifications, and enhanced referencing and uncertainty codes. In addition, there is a provision for making corrections to the broadening of line transitions due to line mixing. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

Published
2005
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17. Stratospheric impact of the Chisholm pyrocumulonimbus eruption: 2. Vertical profile perspective

Author

Fromm, M., Shettle, E. P., Fricke, K. H., Ritter, Christoph, Trickl, T., Giehl, H., Gerding, M., Barnes, J. E., O'Neill, M., Massie, S. T., Blum, U., McDermid, I. S., Leblanc, T., Deshler, T., Fromm, M., Shettle, E. P., Fricke, K. H., Ritter, Christoph, Trickl, T., Giehl, H., Gerding, M., Barnes, J. E., O'Neill, M., Massie, S. T., Blum, U., McDermid, I. S., Leblanc, T., and Deshler, T.

Published
2008

22. Measurement of nighttime stratospheric N2O5 from infrared emission spectra

Author

Kunde, V. G, Brasunas, J. C, Maguire, W. C, Herman, J. R, Massie, S. T, and Abbas, M. M

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

The mixing ratio profile of N2O5 has been inferred from high-resolution emission spectra obtained with a balloon-borne Fourier spectrometer. The observations were taken for the period from midnight to predawn on September 16, 1986 at 32 deg N latitude. The inferred volume mixing ratio from nighttime average spectra has a peak of about 1.8 x 10 to the -9th in the 32-35 altitude range. The inferred mixing ratio is generally less than the theoretical predictions from a one-dimensional model.

Published
1988

23. Atmospheric infrared emission of ClONO2 observed by a balloon-borne Fourier spectrometer

Author

Massie, S. T, Davidson, J. A, Cantrell, C. A, Mcdaniel, A. H, Gille, J. C, Kunde, V. G, Brasunas, J. C, Conrath, B. J, and Maguire, W. C

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

ClONO2 was observed in high-resolution infrared emission spectra obtained on Nov. 6, 1984, by a balloon-borne Fourier spectrometer. The observations took place near 0300 LT at a latitude of 35 N. Spectral simulations are used to determine the mixing ratios of ClONO2. This analysis incorporates line by line calculations and new ClONO2 cross sections measured in the laboratory at 223 K. The inferred mixing ratios of ClONO2 are 1.3 + or - 0.45 ppb and 0.98 + or - 0.35 ppb at 14 and 34 mbar. One-dimensional photochemical model predictions are compared to the observations. The ClONO2 mixing ratio at 34 mbar appears to be larger than theory, while there is agreement at 14 mbar.

Published
1987

24. Studies of extended planetary atmospheres

Author

Hunten, D. M, Massie, S. T, and Hood, L. L

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

There was a theoretical study of physical and chemical processes in the stratosphere, later broadened to include the mesosphere. Particular emphasis was laid on testing of proposed height profiles of the eddy diffusion coefficient against observed tracer data. Eventually the effort shifted to study of ozone time series in satellite data, and interpretation in terms of aeronomical processes. Since all this work is computer-intensive, the first year of funding also contributed to the acquisition of a powerful minicomputer system, in collaboration with several other faculty members. This proved to be highly successful and cost effective.

Published
1986

25. Transport of trace species deduced from LIMS observations

Author

Gille, J. C, Lyjak, L. V, Smith, A. K, Bailey, P. L, Massie, S. T, and Smythe, C. M

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

One of the critical problems in the middle atmosphere at this time is understanding the interaction between atmospheric motions and photochemistry, and the way in which these two processes maintain the distributions of photochemically active species such as ozone. Recent work has shown that a great deal can be learned by considering the zonally averaged distributions and transports, i.e., working in the latitude-altitude plane. This 2-dimensional approach has been used in the past in Eulerian formation. Recent work (DUNKERTON, 1978) has shown that formulating the transport problems in terms of the residual mean circulation, which has similarity to the Lagrangian mean motion, results in a more physical picture of the way in which the transport takes place. Here, data from the Limb Infrared Monitor of the Stratosphere (LIMB) experiment are used to investigate how well the residual mean formulation works with real data, in the sense of asking how well the predicted ozone changes match those in regions of the lower stratosphere in which chemical changes may be neglected. This allows a test of the approximations that are made, and of the strengths and weaknesses of this approach to transport calculation.

Published
1985

27. Models of the millimeter-centimeter spectra of the giant planets

Author

De Pater, I and Massie, S. T

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Exploration
Abstract

In the present comparison of various model atmosphere calculations with data for all four giant planets, the absorption profile of ammonia at centimeter wavelengths was assumed to be represented by a Ben Reuven (1966) line profile; this permitted the derivation of information on the vertical distribution of ammonia in these planets' atmospheres. It appeared that ammonia must be depleted in the upper atmospheres of all four planets by a factor of 4-5 with respect to the solar abundance for Jupiter and Saturn, and by a factor of 100-200 for Uranus and Neptune. Given the vertical ammonia distribution in the atmospheres, as derived from the cm-data, a best fit to mm-data on all four planets was found by changing the high frequency tail of the ammonium lineshape profile.

Published
1985
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28. Day and night models of the Venus thermosphere

Author

Massie, S. T, Hunten, D. M, and Sowell, D. R

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Exploration
Abstract

A model atmosphere of Venus for altitudes between 100 and 178 km is presented for the dayside and nightside. Densities of CO2, CO, O, N2, He, and O2 on the dayside, for 0800 and 1600 hours local time, are obtained by simultaneous solution of continuity equations. These equations couple ionospheric and neutral chemistry and the transport processes of molecular and eddy diffusion. Photodissociation and photoionization J coefficients are presented to facilitate the incorporation of chemistry into circulation models of the Venus atmosphere. Midnight densities of CO2 CO, O, N2, He, and N are derived from integration of the continuity equations, subject to specified fluxes. The nightside densities and fluxes are consistent with the observed airglow of NO and O2(1 Delta). The homopause of Venus is located near 133 km on both the dayside and nightside.

Published
1983

29. Conversion of para and ortho hydrogen in the Jovian planets

Author

Massie, S. T and Hunten, D. M

Subjects
Lunar And Planetary Exploration
Abstract

A mechanism is proposed which partially equilibrates the para and ortho rotational levels of molecular hydrogen in the atmospheres of Jupiter, Saturn, and Uranus. Catalytic reactions between the free-radical surface sites of aerosol particles and hydrogen modecules yield significant equilibration near 1 bar pressure, if the efficiency of conversion per collision is between 10 to the -8th and 10 to the -10th and the effective eddy mixing coefficient is 10,000 sq cm/sec. At lower pressures the ortho-para ratio retains the value at the top of the cloud layer, except for a very small effect from conversion in the thermosphere. The influence of conversion on the specific heat and adiabatic lapse rate is also investigated. The effect is found to be generally small, though is can rise to 10% inside the aerosol layer.

Published
1982
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30. Stratospheric eddy diffusion coefficients from tracer data

Author

Massie, S. T and Hunten, D. M

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

Global distributions of nitrous oxide, methane, ozone, and carbon 14 are used to estimate four sets of stratospheric eddy diffusion coefficients. A photochemical equilibrium model calculates O(3P), O(1D), H, HO2, OH, H2O2, NO, and NO2 densities, as a function of altitude, latitude, and time. The calculated O(1D), OH, and observed Cl densities are used to obtain the eddy profiles associated with the methane and nitrous oxide distributions, for altitudes between 10 and 40 km. Application of a constant flux condition to the seasonally averaged ozone data yields eddy values below 20 km. Time-dependent carbon 14 calculations produce eddy coefficients between 13 and 27 km. A composite profile is obtained by comparing the four sets of coefficients. Further, carbon 14 computations are used to test these profiles as well as those recommended in reports issued by the National Academy of Sciences in 1976 and 1979. The composite eddy profile produces the best agreement.

Published
1981

31. Nitric oxide delta band absorption measurements in the lower thermosphere

Author

Massie, S. T

Subjects
Geophysics
Abstract

The first successful measurements of nitric oxide band absorption in the earth's atmosphere have been made by using the high-resolution ultraviolet spectrometers on OSO 8. These measurements were conducted between January and August 1977 and between 30 deg north and south latitudes. The nitric oxide absorption data, at the (1,0) delta band wavelength of 1829.41 A, are numerically inverted to produce nitric oxide density profiles between 85 and 145 km. The major finding of the observations is that for altitudes below 95 km there is more nitric oxide at sunrise than at sunset. A numerical model, incorporating time-dependent ionospheric chemistry and vertical diffusive transport (both eddy and molecular), is used to simulate the OSO 8 nitric oxide profiles. The peak of the model sunset profile lies at 95-km altitude, in agreement with observation, if the vertical component of the eddy diffusion coefficient is 10 million sq cm/s near 100 km.

Published
1980

32. Stratospheric impact of the Chisholm pyrocumulonimbus eruption: 2. Vertical profile perspective

Author

Fromm, M., primary, Shettle, E. P., additional, Fricke, K. H., additional, Ritter, C., additional, Trickl, T., additional, Giehl, H., additional, Gerding, M., additional, Barnes, J. E., additional, O'Neill, M., additional, Massie, S. T., additional, Blum, U., additional, McDermid, I. S., additional, Leblanc, T., additional, and Deshler, T., additional

Published
2008
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35. Satellite-observed pollution from Southern Hemisphere biomass burning

Author

Edwards, D. P., primary, Emmons, L. K., additional, Gille, J. C., additional, Chu, A., additional, Attié, J.-L., additional, Giglio, L., additional, Wood, S. W., additional, Haywood, J., additional, Deeter, M. N., additional, Massie, S. T., additional, Ziskin, D. C., additional, and Drummond, J. R., additional

Published
2006
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44. Global CF2Cl2measurements by UARS cryogenic limb array etalon spectrometer: Validation by correlative data and a model

Author

Nightingale, R. W., primary, Roche, A. E., additional, Kumer, J. B., additional, Mergenthaler, J. L., additional, Gille, J. C., additional, Massie, S. T., additional, Bailey, P. L., additional, Edwards, D. P., additional, Gunson, M. R., additional, Toon, G. C., additional, Sen, B., additional, Blavier, J.-F., additional, and Connell, P. S., additional

Published
1996
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45. Comparison of correlative data with HNO3version 7 from the CLAES instrument deployed on the NASA Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite

Author

Kumer, J. B., primary, Mergenthaler, J. L., additional, Roche, A. E., additional, Nightingale, R. W., additional, Ely, G. A., additional, Uplinger, W. G., additional, Gille, J. C., additional, Massie, S. T., additional, Bailey, P. L., additional, Gunson, M. R., additional, Abrams, M. C., additional, Toon, G. C., additional, Sen, B., additional, Blavier, J.-F., additional, Stachnik, R. A., additional, Webster, C. R., additional, May, R. D., additional, Murcray, D. G., additional, Murcray, F. J., additional, Goldman, A., additional, Traub, W. A., additional, Jucks, K. W., additional, and Johnson, D. G., additional

Published
1996
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46. Validation of CLAES ClONO2measurements

Author

Mergenthaler, J. L., primary, Kumer, J. B., additional, Roche, A. E., additional, Nightingale, R. W., additional, Potter, J. F., additional, Gille, J. C., additional, Massie, S. T., additional, Bailey, P. L., additional, Edwards, D., additional, Connell, P. S., additional, Kinnison, D. E., additional, Gunson, M. R., additional, Abrams, M. C., additional, Toon, G. C., additional, Sen, B., additional, Blavier, J.-F., additional, Murcray, D. G., additional, Murcray, F. J., additional, and Goldman, A., additional

Published
1996
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47. Comparison of CLAES preliminary N2O5data with correlative data and a model

Author

Kumer, J. B., primary, Mergenthaler, J. L., additional, Roche, A. E., additional, Nightingale, R. W., additional, Zele, F., additional, Gille, J. C., additional, Massie, S. T., additional, Bailey, P. L., additional, Connell, P. S., additional, Gunson, M. R., additional, Abrams, M. C., additional, Toon, G. C., additional, Sen, B., additional, Blavier, J.-F., additional, Smith, S. E., additional, and Taylor, F. W., additional

Published
1996
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48. Validation of CH4and N2O measurements by the cryogenic limb array etalon spectrometer instrument on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite

Author

Roche, A. E., primary, Kumer, J. B., additional, Nightingale, R. W., additional, Mergenthaler, J. L., additional, Ely, G. A., additional, Bailey, P. L., additional, Massie, S. T., additional, Gille, J. C., additional, Edwards, D. P., additional, Gunson, M. R., additional, Abrams, M. C., additional, Toon, G. C., additional, Webster, C. R., additional, Traub, W. A., additional, Jucks, K. W., additional, Johnson, D. G., additional, Murcray, D. G., additional, Murcray, F. H., additional, Goldman, A., additional, and Zipf, E. C., additional

Published
1996
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49. Comparison of cryogenic limb array etalon spectrometer (CLAES) ozone observations with correlative measurements

Author

Bailey, P. L., primary, Edwards, D. P., additional, Gille, J. C., additional, Lyjak, L. V., additional, Massie, S. T., additional, Roche, A. E., additional, Kumer, J. B., additional, Mergenthaler, J. L., additional, Connor, B. J., additional, Gunson, M. R., additional, Margitan, J. J., additional, McDermid, I. S., additional, and McGee, T. J., additional

Published
1996
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