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In the last decades organ transplantation has become a standard and successful medical procedure. Increasing requests and improved medical and technical skills are in contrast with the global lack of organs. The imbalance between supply and demand of organs has created a profitable black market that promotes illicit organ trafficking, with a big loss of human lives. Actually, forensic genetics allows the use of tools capable of bringing this trade to light. For patients whose clinical history is unclear, it is relatively easy and inexpensive, during the post-operative period, genetically typing an urine sample comparing it to the database of missing persons in order to verify if the transplanted organ can be ascribable to a missing person. We postulate to use ancestry-informative genetic marker analysis as a useful tool to identify the geographical origin of transplanted organ and to contribute to the fight against illegal kidneys trafficking. This practice produces important ethical issues: in Italy, according to Article 365 of the Criminal Code, there is an obligation to report for physicians who have worked in cases that integrate offences prosecuted ex officio. This rule does not apply when the patient could be exposed to criminal prosecution. The Italian law 675/1996 provide specific rules for sensitive data, which include genetic data. Thus, the genetic analysis of urine samples can be problematic. A possible solution would be make anonymous samples prior to the genetic investigation, with the exclusive purpose of verifying whether the transplanted organ is from a missing person.