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Hamas’s 7 October 2023 massacres shook Israelis to the core, profoundly impacting all walks of life and prompting individuals to share content related to the challenging situation on social media platforms. A netnographic examination of the creative images shared by Israelis on Facebook in the three months attending the massacres, which blend visual elements with ironic expressions and often include appeals to the international community, reveals seven distinct yet interconnected themes: dichotomies (contrasts between good and evil), releasing abductees as a game, new cultural heroes, defiance against the international community, and anti-ignorance campaign ‘coming soon’ cautioning the West against similar atrocities to the 7 October massacres. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Amid repressive state violence and an escalating civil war in the Eastern Cape’s Border region, on 7 September 1992 more than 80,000 people marched to Bhisho, capital of the Ciskei Bantustan, to bring an end to the rule of its military ruler, Brigadier Gqozo. Widespread fears of a fatal showdown were realised when the Ciskei Defence Force opened fire, killing 29 and injuring more than 200. This critical event, understood as a most pivotal moment in South Africa’s transition to democracy, has rarely been subjected to historical scrutiny. This article casts new light on the events and politics surrounding the march, the contested meanings of mass action, the consequences of the massacre, and its subsequent narration by politicians in the wake of the tragedy. As the tragic culmination of the mass action campaign by the African National Congress (ANC), the Bhisho march became a theatre of the contested politics of mass action within the Tripartite Alliance. An initiative of local and regional alliance structures in the Border region, the march was exploited by national politicians to serve strategic agendas in the national negotiations, while the ANC’s narrative was carefully curated to legitimate its leaders and their national project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to conduct an assessment of the damage caused by the two year war in Tigray on some of the cultural heritage from Eastern Tigray. Field surveys and interviews with local inhabitants were used to collect relevant data. The gathered data were analyzed and interpreted using a qualitative approach. The survey results showed that churches, monasteries, mosques, towns, and villages were frequently shelled by combatants and that there was significant and deliberate destruction of built heritage sites and looting of sites and treasures. These data suggest that the aims of this destruction were to (1) dominate local historical narratives and identities, (2) suppress communities, and (3) exploit resources for personal gain. The hate speech engraved on the walls indicated that cultural heritage in Eastern Tigray was targeted with intention. This intentional destruction of important cultural heritage was expressed in the horrific massacre of civilians and religious leaders. The current preliminary assessment overall shows that iconic cultural resources were heavily damaged and historic documents and treasures were looted following the two-year war in Tigray. We conclude this study with an urgent call for recovery projects aimed at preventing further loss of cultural heritage in Eastern Tigray. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The modern history of Mount Lebanon has witnessed several civil conflicts during which many lives were lost, and women and children were often not targeted. However, this reality began to change during the context of the major civil war from 1975 to 1990. This article will address the transformations in the political landscape of the civil war, particularly the political function of massacres, including the rape of women. The study illustrates how the Sabra and Shatila massacre (September 1982) had multiple uses and outcomes, whether through the rape of women and children or mass killings of civilians, either as acts of revenge or as an intense representation of racist ideology of Lebanese Forces, all under the pretext of protecting Lebanon by “purifying” Lebanese society of “foreign elements” and restoring racial superiority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the repercussions of social media trends like #FreePalestine following events like the October 7th massacre, 2023 highlighting how they oversimplify complex political issues. It explores the lack of nuanced discussions on platforms like TikTok, criticizing the shallow understanding of geopolitical conflicts and the tendency to reduce them to simplistic narratives.

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This article explores the writings and life of Helen Hunt Jackson, a 19th-century American writer, and her advocacy for Native American rights. It discusses her travels through Kansas, Colorado, and California, as well as her encounters with indigenous peoples. The article highlights Jackson's most famous work, the novel "Ramona," which aimed to bring attention to the mistreatment of Native Americans. It also examines the controversy and attempts to discredit Jackson's advocacy for Native rights. The article suggests that Jackson's vision of the West, which valued nature and defended indigenous peoples, may have contributed to her exclusion from the canon of western American literature. [Extracted from the article]

This article looks at both Miriam Halahmy's historical novel for children, The Emergency Zoo, set during several days of mass pet culling in London prior to World War II and Hilda Kean's published research on the somewhat conveniently forgotten phenomenon, entitled The Great Dog and Cat Massacre. In both these works we observe the strong connection between child and pet, emphasised all the more in a period of uncertainty brought on by impending conflict. The reader is also presented with a detailed exploration of the child's worldview as compared to that of the adults' largely hierarchical humanistic perceptions, a way of thinking which is taken as one of the key contributory causes of the terrible pet cull of 1939. Comparisons are then drawn with the treatment of the child–animal relationship and that of household pets during the current Russo-Ukrainian War (the largest European conflict since World War II) as broadly represented in newspaper articles and photographic reports. These reports not only recognise the importance of the child–animal relationship (especially in terms of alleviating trauma and providing a sense of well-being) but also demonstrate that animals are both perceived as refugees and rightly given refugee status. Through an analysis of the strong contemporary media focus on the child and animal refugee, along with the comparison drawn with both Halahmy's novel and Kean's historical study, the article concludes that there is clear evidence showing that more recent perceptions of the child–animal relationship and the improved status of pets have been specifically shaped by both posthumanist thinking and the various debates concerning the nature and consequences of the Anthropocene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The failure to prevent Hamas’s slaughter of some 1,300 Israelis on 7 October 2023 – the largest massacre of Jews since the Holocaust – is a direct result of an emergency phone consultation three hours before the terror group’s invasion of Israel with the participation of the IDF’s and Shin Bet’s top leaders, who decided to do nothing despite acute warning signals and failed to alert the Gaza division commander and the political echelon to the imminent attack. Had they taken the minimal precautionary measures, the catastrophe would have been averted altogether. To fully understand the mindset underlying this monumental blunder requires tracing its evolution within the context of the 30-years-long Oslo peace delusion in general, and during the turbulent year preceding the 10/7 massacres in particular. That is: the substitution of a grand strategic deception aimed at Israel’s destruction for a true peace process and the attendant emasculation of the IDF’s military capabilities and combative/offensive ethos, on the one hand, and the unravelling of Israel’s sociopolitical fabric that culminated in the 2023 mass civil disobedience that enticed Hamas into action, on the other. Even Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu, who opposed the Oslo process from the outset and managed to neutralise its most catastrophic potential calamity – the establishment of a Palestinian state committed to Israel’s destruction in the West Bank and Gaza – failed to extricate Israel from this disastrous course and was ironically forced to bear its full brunt on 7 October 2023. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This text is a book review discussing the ongoing conflict between Israel and Palestine. The author criticizes Israel's actions and policies, particularly the treatment of Palestinians and the growth of illegal settlements. They also highlight the lack of dissent among Israelis and the increase in Palestinian prisoners in Israeli jails. The review questions the possibility of a peaceful resolution and suggests that change may only come through outside pressure. The author concludes with hope for a better future. [Extracted from the article]

Prime Minister Indira Gandhi's assassination followed the 1984 state-sanctioned massacre of Sikhs. This historical violence haunts survivors, and its mediation in cultural texts reshapes the interplay between history and memory, voicing forgotten narratives. However, the complex historical agency and collective silences on the 1984 Sikh genocide leave its cultural and literary representations undertheorized. Jaspreet Singh's Helium (2013), serving as a cultural archive, delves into the haunting legacies of this genocide, highlighting its role in memorializing historical loss. Applying hauntology and Agamben's homo sacer, this article investigates how spectral wounds reveal dystopic violence, excluding Sikhs from legal protection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores Israel's war on Palestinians in Gaza and examines the historical justifications for punitive war. It discusses the use of force, starvation as a weapon, and the destruction of civilian infrastructure in Gaza. The author argues that Israel's actions violate the principle of proportionality and raises questions about genocide. The text also discusses the views of political theorist Michael Walzer and compares them to early modern thinkers who justified punitive wars. It examines the ethical justifications and language used by Israel in the conflict and questions the effectiveness of the genocide prevention framework. The article was written by Camilla Boisen, a historian of political thought, and any mistakes or inaccuracies are the author's responsibility. [Extracted from the article]

Hamas’s invasion of Israel on 7 October 2023, with the attendant massacre of some 1,200 Israelis and the occupation of population centres and military bases – something that no Arab army has done since the 1948 war – posed unprecedented challenges to Israel’s socio-political and security establishments. Based on Chief-of-Staff Eisenkot’s 2018 doctrinal manifesto ‘The IDF’s Strategy’, this article assesses Israel’s national security principles and the doctrines for the use of force in an attempt to evaluate whether its political and military actions were aligned with these doctrines during the 2023–24 war with Hamas, and to determine the strategy’s value and possible gaps. It concludes that while the political and military responses appear consistent with the outlined principles, unexpected problems like hostage dilemmas and urban warfare complexities present unforeseen challenges not directly addressed by the manifesto. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

7 October 2023, marked a significant shift in Israeli football’s commemoration practices. Previously focused on honouring prominent figures by naming sports facilities, these practices have evolved following the Hamas massacres and the Israeli response in Gaza. Football fans who were killed or kidnapped have become central to memorials, as can be seen in the cases of Maccabi Haifa and Maccabi Netanya, the two clubs discussed in this article. However, these commemorations have also sparked tensions, fuelled by club rivalries and occasional racist outbursts. While expressing genuine grief, clubs use collective mourning to bolster their morale and patriotic image and reinforce a sense of belonging. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article is a review of Rory Cox's book, "Origins of the Just War: Military Ethics and Culture in the Ancient Near East." The book explores the ethical norms and attitudes towards war in ancient martial cultures such as Egyptian, Hittite, and Israelite. The reviewer praises Cox's research for its relevance to contemporary armed conflict and just war theory, as it helps understand the influence of ancient ethical thought on modern intellectual, religious, and political life. The article also discusses the concept of "othering" in international humanitarian law and its historical roots in the laws of war, highlighting the use of degrading language to dehumanize the enemy. It explores the correlation between European identity and compliance with international law, as well as the development of international law outside of Europe. The text, "Laws of Yesterday's Wars," edited by Samuel White, provides historical perspectives on the laws of war, including Indigenous Australian laws of war, the late Middle Ages, and Roman laws of war. It aims to provide a moral argument with historical illustrations, making it a valuable resource for library patrons researching war and its legal and moral implications from diverse cultural and historical perspectives. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the impact of Muslim Brotherhood and jihadist theorists on the making of Hamas’s 7 October 2023, assault. By way of doing so, it discusses Hamas’s historic, ideological, and organisational connections to the Muslim Brotherhood before exploring jihadist warfare doctrine to liberate al-Quds (Jerusalem) from ‘Zionist occupation’, which shaped Hamas’s covenant and may have influenced its military strategy including the 10/7 massacres. The article concludes that Hamas’s ideology is closely aligned with most extremist factions of jihadist and Muslim Brotherhood thought and that efforts to characterise the organisation’s terrorist activities as motivated by national considerations are totally misconceived. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the practice of child removal and colonial subjugation in Australia, Canada, French Indochina, and the United States from 1870 to the 1950s. It discusses specific cases of child removal, such as the separation of mixed-race children from their mothers in Indochina and the removal of Aboriginal children in Australia. The article argues that child removal was a common strategy used by colonial governments to control colonial subjects and maintain social order. It also explores the influence of global social movements and the exchange of ideas between colonial administrations. The article emphasizes the importance of comparative and collaborative research in understanding the global nature of child removal as a tool of colonial rule. [Extracted from the article]

The article focuses on the concept of abolition as a dynamic process of envisioning and creating a future free from oppressive systems. Topics include the transformation of carceral geographies into spaces of care and mutuality, the importance of place-based movements alongside broader movements, and the role of feminist refusal in resisting colonial racial capitalism.

This book review discusses "Gender Politics at Home and Abroad: Protestant Modernity in Colonial-Era Korea" by Hyaeweol Choi. The review focuses on the story of Choe Yeongsuk, a woman intellectual who studied political economy in Sweden and faced financial hardships. It explores the influence of the Christian network in colonial Korea and the impact of elite women on Korean modern womanhood. The book delves into the challenges faced by women intellectuals in expressing their opinions and advocating for women's rights, as well as the activism of Protestant women intellectuals in the rural revitalization movement. The author acknowledges the role of Protestant Christianity in providing education and opportunities for Koreans but suggests a more critical view of American involvement and Protestant modernity in Korean history. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the use of historical commissions in addressing the legacies of the past, particularly in contexts of social and political unrest. It focuses on the Historical Memory Group (GMH) in Colombia, which used a combination of archival research and oral testimonies to investigate the reasons for the emergence and evolution of illegal armed groups in the country. The article emphasizes the importance of considering the functions and objectives of a commission, as well as the social and political context, in shaping its approach. It also cautions against attributing too much to the capacities of historical commissions and highlights the complexities of historical clarification and memory in the context of ongoing conflicts. The article concludes by highlighting the potential of historical commissions to contribute to critical reflection and transformation of public perceptions about the past. [Extracted from the article]

In 1984, Sikhs witnessed mass slaughter and violence in different centers of urban India. Hundreds of male Sikhs were burnt alive; their women were raped and houses were looted and scorched. No appropriate justice has been meted to the victims to date. It stands as the third Ghallughrara (massacre) in the community's history. The essay argues whether there was any contemporary alternative model to Pogrom where Sikhs were not perceived as enemies to be butchered and enslaved, but Sikhi's message of caste equality communicated a message of hope and stimulated Dalit mobilization in a region far away from north India in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Impeaching Nixon for the Vietnam War" by Carolyn Woods Eisenberg explores the connection between President Richard Nixon's impeachment and the Vietnam War. The book argues that the House Judiciary Committee dropped the charge of Nixon lying to Congress about military operations in Indochina in order to focus on the Watergate scandal. Eisenberg criticizes this decision, claiming it allowed Nixon to escape responsibility for his actions and hindered a full reckoning with the Vietnam War. The book also delves into U.S. decision-making during the war, highlighting the failures and misdeeds of Nixon and his foreign affairs advisor, Henry Kissinger. Eisenberg emphasizes the human consequences of these decisions and the impact of antiwar activism on Nixon's choices. While the book has some gaps and lacks consideration of the nature of the United States' adversaries, it contributes to the scholarship on the Vietnam War and provokes debate on important issues. [Extracted from the article]

On 14 August 2013, Egyptian security forces killed hundreds of supporters and sympathizers of the Muslim Brotherhood in two squares of Egypt's capital Cairo: Rab'a al-'Adawiyya and al-Nahda. Those killed had protested against the military coup that ousted President Mohamed Morsi. The state's propaganda machine and the media connected to Egypt's influential business people designated those killed as terrorists. Human rights organizations paint a grim picture of the decade of authoritarian rule. In the regime's rhetoric, the fight against terrorism justifies the continued crackdown on Egyptian civil society movements and opposition. Again this year, the anniversary of the Rab'a al-'Adawiyya and al-Nahda massacres is likely to receive little coverage in the country's mainstream media. While the voices of those opposing the military coup in 2013 in Egypt are long silenced, on the massacre's tenth anniversary, it is time to recall an alternative to the narrative of the Egyptian state. Participants of a women's Quran reading group in one of Cairo's impoverished neighborhoods questioned the military coup in 2013 and anticipated what was to come. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent stabilization work at the Ludlow Massacre Site National Historic Landmark revealed new insights into memorialization activities over time. The site commemorates a battle between striking miners and the Colorado National Guard which culminated in the destruction of a striking miners 'tent colony by fire causing the deaths of two women and eleven children in a cellar. The United Mine Workers of America erected a monument and preserved that cellar in cement sometime after 1918. Unexpected finds encountered during preservation work on the cellar raise issues related to collective memory, memorialization, and scale. These finds offer new understandings of changes made at the site by the strikers and the UMWA since the massacre in 1914. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Libyan and Syrian civil wars, Russia and Turkey emerged as two principal players providing security assistance to opposing warring parties. While interventions on the part of the two foreign powers have introduced new dynamics into intractable and volatile armed conflicts, the underlying intention was to inject extraneous goals into ongoing conflicts and project power in the southern Mediterranean region. This article investigates security assistance theoretically and empirically. Theoretically, we propose a typology that distinguishes between formal, informal and semi-formal processes of wartime security assistance across the state-non-state dimension. Empirically, drawing on rare access to state officials, former and active rebels, as well as mercenary actors in Syria and Libya, we give a unique description of the patterns of security assistance provided by Russia and Turkey to state and non-state armed actors. We examine the ways in which the two foreign powers have created a nexus between the two conflicts by capitalizing on pre-existing security assistance frameworks in Syria to recruit and deploy fighters to Libya. Although security assistance has emerged as a competition site between Russia and Turkey, we demonstrate how mutual recognition of security interests has created margins for negotiation and agreement-reaching in Syria and Libya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The text discusses the October 7 attacks carried out by Hamas, in which over 1,200 Israelis were brutally massacred. The attacks were justified by Hamas's adherence to Islamic fundamentalism and their belief in "redemptive antisemitism," which calls for the elimination of Jews from the Middle East. The text criticizes the international Left for supporting Hamas and glorifying the attacks as an act of resistance, arguing that this aligns them with the ideology of Jihadi apocalypticism. It also highlights the refusal of the Left to acknowledge Jewish suffering and the hypocrisy in their condemnation of Israel as an "apartheid regime." The text concludes by discussing the Western Left's celebration of revolutionary violence and its implications for the political outcome. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the October 7, 2023 assault by Hamas on Israelis, describing it as an act of extreme violence and hatred towards Jews. The author emphasizes that the attack was not a typical act of war, but rather a religiously sanctioned display of unrestrained Jew-hatred. The article highlights the historical context of anti-Semitism and the ongoing threats faced by Israel from Hamas, Hezbollah, Iran, and their allies. It also explores the impact of these events on Jews worldwide, including increased displays of open Jew-hatred and a sense of unease about their place in society. The author concludes by emphasizing the importance of supporting Israel in order to ensure a Jewish future. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a trend among anti-Israel protestors to deny the October 7 attack by Hamas against Israelis and the sexual violence that accompanied it. The author highlights three elements of this trend: the passion of anti-Zionists, the use of pornography by perpetrators, and the involvement of feminist impersonators who deny the atrocities. The article emphasizes the exploitation of the victims' experiences and the denial of their existence, which perpetuates antisemitism and normalizes sexual abuse. The author argues that it is important to expose the disingenuous and antisemitic politics of these individuals in order to counter their messaging effectively. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the author's personal experiences with antisemitism among left-wing and lesbian feminists in the 1970s. The author highlights the lack of feminist support for petitions against the UN's resolution equating Zionism with racism and criticizes feminists for prioritizing the alleged occupation of Palestine over the oppression of women in Gaza and the West Bank. The author also criticizes feminists for their silence and lack of support following the Hamas terrorist attack on October 7, which involved sexual violence against Israeli women and girls. The article concludes by noting that some feminists and Democratic Party officials eventually condemned the attacks, but it took them a significant amount of time to do so. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the Hamas invasion of Israel on October 7, 2023, which resulted in the slaughter and kidnapping of approximately 1,200 Israeli citizens. The invasion was characterized by brutal violence, including sexual assault, which was recorded and broadcasted on social media. The article explores the denial of these crimes by some individuals and the psychological and societal impact of such atrocities. It also raises questions about the failure of Israeli defense and intelligence systems and the implications of the event for Zionism and the state of Israel. The author emphasizes the need for diplomatic solutions and humane leadership to prevent further violence and protect vulnerable populations. [Extracted from the article]

The article explores the concept of Indigenist Standpoint Theory (IST) and its relevance for history teachers. IST acknowledges the unique perspectives of Indigenous peoples and challenges deficit discourse by focusing on their strengths, values, and knowledge. It emphasizes the need for non-Indigenous individuals to engage in self-reflection and examine power dynamics that perpetuate assimilationist principles. The article also discusses the difficulties of decolonizing educational spaces and the importance of educators confronting their own assumptions and biases. It suggests that cultivating transcultural dispositions and practicing reflection are essential for creating inclusive classrooms that celebrate Indigenous voices. The text emphasizes the significance of engaging with Indigenous voices in education and the necessity of cultural competency. It highlights the historical impact of colonialism on pedagogy and the tendency to prioritize European texts over Indigenous ones. The text encourages embracing Indigenism and Indigenist Standpoint Theory as a means of challenging dominant perspectives and addressing inequities in schools. It provides additional resources and reading materials for educators to explore Indigenous standpoints and voices. The conclusion underscores the ongoing journey of cultural competency and the importance of listening to diverse Indigenous voices. [Extracted from the article]

The article explores the book "The Classical Liberal Case for Israel" by Walter Block and Alan Futerman, focusing on the overlooked aspects of justifying a state's existence and the classical liberal perspective. It questions why Israel's existence is constantly debated while other states are not subjected to the same scrutiny. The article also delves into the different positions within the libertarian movement regarding Israel, including anti-Zionist anarchists and pro-Zionist Objectivists. It argues that the Israeli-Palestinian conflict appeals to Libertarians due to its connection to property rights and coercion, and suggests that the book challenges the monolithic discourse on Israel within the Libertarian movement. [Extracted from the article]

"The Liberal Case for Israel" is an article that presents a centrist liberal perspective on Israel, focusing on its early history, economic development, and political challenges. It highlights the left-wing socialist ideals of Israel's founders and the shift from an agrarian to a high-tech economy, driven in part by immigration from the former Soviet Union. The article also addresses the repeated refusal of the Palestinian leadership to accept generous offers for a two-state solution, which has influenced Israel's political landscape. It refutes claims that Israel is a colonial or imperialist state, emphasizing its historical Jewish presence in Palestine and arguing that it is not comparable to colonialist-settler states. The text also counters accusations of genocide, pointing out Israel's efforts to protect civilians and provide medical care and jobs to Gazans. It asserts that Israel is a liberal democracy, highlighting the representation of Arabs in Israeli institutions and criticizing the lack of democracy in Gaza and the West Bank. [Extracted from the article]

The given text provides a list of sources and references related to the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. It includes a variety of materials such as academic articles, news reports, books, and opinion pieces from different perspectives. The sources cover topics such as urban warfare, healthcare in Israel, media coverage of the conflict, and Palestinian perspectives. Library patrons conducting research on specific aspects of the Israeli-Palestinian conflict can use this list to explore different viewpoints and gather information on their chosen topics. [Extracted from the article]

Amitav Ghosh's The Hungry Tide operates in the archipelago of the Sunderbans and explores characters who reside in different quadrants of the socio-political map, navigating the difficult nexus between the survival of humans and conservation of the non-human. The key to this navigation is an important, and often ignored, historical event in his fiction—the Marichjhapi massacre of 1979. The massacre was enabled by West Bengal government's primacy on ecology and disregard for the fundamental rights of the people. This massacre and its impact on subsequent generations of that locality have been brushed aside in Indian mainstream history. Events of Marichjhapi have been deemed problematic for both nationalist sentiment and environmental conservation—two things that were of growing popularity during that time. In his narrative of deltas and dolphins, Ghosh manages to carve out the space for such a difficult event regarding people through a literary device that is often personal—a diary. Ghosh's narrativization of the events in Marichjhapi through Nirmal's diary, along with his characterization of local representatives such as Fokir, gives new understandings of the sufferings faced by the marginalized communities and the narrative challenges of relaying their voices—while showing the interconnectivity of people and their environment at large. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the end of August 1941, the Nazi German Einsatzgruppe , together with German Police Battalion 320 and Ukrainian auxiliaries, killed approximately 23,600 persons (mainly Jews) at Kamianets-Podilskyi. While some researchers assert that Roma were deported from Hungary and Hungarian-occupied Transcarpathia (present-day Ukraine) despite the absence of official reports, other scholars argue that Hungarian leaders may have planned to ethnically "cleanse" the area of Roma, but the plan was never executed, resulting in no deportations or deaths. This article presents new findings that support the former position, and argues that roughly one thousand Roma were expelled from Transcarpathia. New evidence includes a report detailing the ongoing operation to expel Roma, census data indicating a significant reduction in the Roma population near the border, as well as indications that individuals other than Jews were expelled, likely Roma. Only circumstantial evidence—verbal orders to eliminate Roma and reports of Roma killings by the same special commando in different locations—supports the claim that Roma were killed in the August 1941 massacre, though later reports from 1942 explicitly identify Roma victims. After analyzing this new evidence, the author supports the claim that Roma were deported and potentially killed earlier than had previously been known. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a collection of Ukrainian poetry that commemorates the Babyn Yar massacre, which occurred during the Holocaust in 1941. The collection provides a valuable literary addition to the history and memorialization of the Holocaust in Ukraine and Eastern Europe. The poems in the anthology cover a wide range of styles and viewpoints over eight decades, and some of them express Jewish pain and anguish. The article highlights the importance of remembering and memorializing the Babyn Yar massacre, especially in the face of rising antisemitism and ongoing conflicts. [Extracted from the article]