Search

Increasing bacterial resistance to antibiotics has become a serious threat to global public health. In this context, this study aims to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPS) synthesized using the sol-gel method. TiO2 NPS samples were prepared and characterized for morphology via field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis. Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method was used to test the antimicrobial activity of TiO2 NPS against Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus, Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli, and pathogenic fungus Aspergillus penicillioides. The results showed that TiO2 NPS effectively inhibited the growth of microorganisms, with significant inhibition zones especially against fungi. The antimicrobial mechanism of TiO2 NPS involves the formation of hydroxyl radicals and superoxide ions that damage the cell membrane of microorganisms. The implications of this study are the development of potential antimicrobial nanomaterials for biomedical and environmental applications, as well as the importance of considering the physical and chemical properties of TiO2 NPS in designing effective infection treatment strategies.

Abstract Background Early initiation of breastfeeding (EIBF) is a starting point that lays the foundation for breastfeeding and bonding between mother and baby. Meanwhile, working mothers are one of the vulnerable groups for the success of exclusive breastfeeding (EBF). The study analyzed the role of EIBF on EBF among Indonesian working mothers. Methods The cross-sectional study examined secondary data from the 2021 Indonesian National Nutritional Status Survey. The study analyzed 4,003 respondents. We examined EBF practice as an outcome variable and EIBF as an exposure variable. We included nine control variables (residence, maternal age, marital, education, prenatal classes, wealth, infant age, sex, and birth weight). All variables were assessed by questionnaire. The study employed a binary logistic regression test in the last stage. Results The result showed that the proportion of EBF among working mothers in Indonesia in 2021 was 51.9%. Based on EIBF, Indonesian working mothers with EIBF were 2.053 times more likely than those without to perform EBF (p

This service activity aims to increase students' knowledge and skills in preventing and handling sexual violence by the Regulation of the Minister of Religion of the Republic of Indonesia No. 73 of 2022 by optimizing school organizations' empowerment. This service partner was the school organization at MAN 2 Sleman Yogyakarta. The method for implementing this service used Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and training in the form of lectures, case studies and roleplay. The data analysis technique for this service used descriptive analysis. The service results showed that the characteristics of participants based on gender showed that the ratio of male participants was 25% greater than that of female participants. After the training, there was an increase in knowledge and skills related to hard skills and soft skills in preventing sexual violence in the school environment by 18.75% of participants who got a score of 100 and an increase of 12.50% of participants who got a score of 90. It showed that this training program had a positive impact and increases knowledge of hard skills and soft skills in preventing sexual violence in the school environment.

The purpose of this study was to describe the language politeness employed by the major character in The Pride and Prejudice novel. The method used was descriptive qualitative. The researchers found: first, the data of positive politeness strategies and the data of negative politeness strategies were in line with Brown and Levinson's theory, 10 positive types of politeness strategies. The mostly used were: paying attention to the speaker’s interests, wants, requirements and commodities. When the speaker truly means “you” or “me”, he can employ the strategy of inclusiveness form to invoke the cooperative presumptions and rectify FTAs, giving or asking for explanations, insisting on reciprocity, goodness, sympathy, understanding, and cooperation. Out of 8 negative types of politeness strategies, the mostly used were: adopting a customarily indirect stance, not taking compliance for granted, expressing pessimism about one’s capacity or willingness, to reduce the burden, as cited from the FTAs as an illustration of a general principle. Then, three factors influenced the use of polite language, namely: social distance, power, and degree of impositions.

A gold-coated Kretschmann setup has been constructed and explored as a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) platform, specifically tailored for the detection of low-concentration sodium chloride (NaCl) solutions. The setup employs a BK7 prism coated with a 50 nm gold layer, serving as a plasmonic layer, to induce resonance. This resonance arises from the interplay between light waves and free electrons propagating at the interface of two media. The experimental findings reveal a notable resonance angle shift of 10° when the NaCl concentration is varied from 0 to 2.5 %. Furthermore, angle interrogation provides insightful details about the sensor's response to changes in the refractive index, showcasing a commendable sensitivity of 2400°/RIU, a high level of linearity at 0.9771, and an impressive resolution of 0.217 %. The demonstrated capabilities of this sensor underscore its potential for widespread applications, particularly in the monitoring of salt concentration across diverse domains such as seawater analysis, food processing, and fermentation processes. The robust performance and precision of this proposed sensor position it as a valuable tool with promising prospects for addressing the needs of various industries dependent on accurate salt concentration measurements.

Research Background : Watermelon is known to be one of the best fruits for increasing haemoglobin level. It is rich in vitamin C and iron content, which help in better absorption of iron. As per USDA, 100 grams of watermelon contains 0.2 milligrams of iron. In young women, iron is also needed to replace iron during menstruation. Research Objective: to determine the effect of giving watermelon fruit to increasing HB levels in adolescents. Research Methods: Quantitative research uses the quasy-experiment method with a pre-test-post test design. The number of samples in this study were 14 adolescents according to the inclusion criteria using a purposive sampling technique. Intervention in the form of 200 grams of watermelon flesh for 14 days. Analysis using paired t-test. The results of the study: It is known that the average HB level in adolescents before giving watermelon is 12.41 g/dl, while the hemoglobin level in adolescents after giving watermelon is known to be 13.01 g/dl. The data obtained were analyzed by Free T test with a significance level of

Background: Stroke, particularly ischemic stroke, is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. Ischemic stroke causes a failure of oxidative phosphorylation and ATP synthesis, resulting in high levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), neuroinflammatory responses, and apoptosis, all of which result in cell death. Neuroprotective agents are given to prevent the infarct area from expanding. Objective: This study aims to predict an in silico interaction by 7,8-dihydroxyflavone as neuprotective agent through TrkB signaling and inhibiting Glutaminase activity. Methods: In silico simulation with 7,8-dihydroxyflavone (DHF) as neuroprotective agent using PubChem, RCSB, Biovia Discovery Studio, PyRx, and PyMol software. This study analyzes the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and protein-ligand interactions between 7,8-DHF as a ligand with TrkB (4AT5) and Glutaminase (5JYO) as protein target, compared to their native ligand. Results: 7,8 DHF binds to 4AT5 and 5JYO with lower bond energy (-9.4 Kcal/mol and -6.3 Kcal/mol, respectively) than the native ligand (-5 Kcal/mol and -5.9 Kcal/mol, respectively). It means that 7,8-DHF may increase protective mechanism. Conclusion: These findings tend to increase downstream signaling pathways, leading to increased TrkB expression, which induces protective mechanisms, and decreased glutamate expression, which reduces glutamate toxicity.

Background: Parkinson's disease still requires special attention considering that this condition is a progressive disease that leads to a decrease in the quality of life and life expectancy of the patient. Objective: This study aims to determine the level of understanding of general practitioners regarding Parkinson's disease and other movement disorders. Methods: We conducted a one group pretest posttest design study on 124 general practitioners who attended the World Parkinson Day Seminar. . The research instrument was a questionnaire with 20 questions, filled in by the participants independently. Knowledge level categories are good (76-100), sufficient (56-75), and poor (

Circular economy (CE) is an interesting approach by many countries to address global environmental problems while gaining economic benefits. The implementation of CE is expected to minimize the use of resources and materials, thus contributing to sustainable development. Much literature has discussed CE assessment indicators and their evaluation, however to date, no single indicator has been proposed that can comprehensively measure the macro level of CE implementation. This study aims to develop a CE index to measure CE implementation at macro levels. In addition, it provides an overview of the impact of CE implementation on the financial, social, and environmental aspects of the economy. To this end, first, an in-depth literature review and descriptive analysis is conducted to identify existing global CE indicators and classify them into financial, social, and environmental categories based on available primary and secondary data. Then, the CE index is constructed using a mathematical equation by considering the CE framework, a single indicator of each aspect as a variable, and the variable’s weighting. Finally, the CE index is applied to evaluate the level of CE implementation of CE in Indonesia at macro level. This index is expected to be a valuable tool for measuring CE implementation and therefore improving CE performance.

Background: Hypoxia during pregnancy generates oxidative stress that alters the growth and development of the human fetus. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-1) receptors are essential for normal fetal growth. Asiatic acid in Centella asiatica (CA) has antioxidant properties to prevent growth impairment in hypoxia. Aims: This study aimed to investigate the effect of asiatic acid on the morphological development of an intermittent hypoxia zebrafish embryo model and analyse molecular docking prediction in insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF-1R) signalling. Methods: Embryos of zebrafish at 2 hours postfertilization (hpf) were assigned to control negative (C), intermittent hypoxia (IH), and combination IH and CA extract groups consisting of 1.25 (IHCA1), 2.5 (IHCA2), and 5 (IHCA3) µg/ml. Hypoxia treatment (conducted 4 hours/day) and CA extract were administered for 3 days (2 - 72 hpf). The parameters of body length and head length were evaluated at 3, 6, and 9 days postfertilization (dpf). The data were analysed by a two-way ANOVA (P [Open Vet J 2023; 13(5.000): 629-637]

Background: Consumed fructose enters enterocytes of the intestinal epithelial apical membrane mediated by glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5). Aim: To determine the effects of Lombok Island's local Moringa leaf powder on reducing liver fructose levels and GLUT5 expression in the small intestine of albino rats (Rattus novergicus) fed a high-fructose diet. Methods: Moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera) was obtained from Lombok Island, Indonesia. Subsequently, 30 male albino rats (Rattus novergicus) were used, divided into the normal group (NG), treatment group 1 (T1G), treatment group 2 (T2G), Quercetin group (QG), Moringa group (MG). Quercetin and moringa leaf powder (Moringa oleifera) was administered at 50 mg/kgbw and 500 mg/kgbw for 28 days. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) method used to examine liver fructose levels. The observation of GLUT5 expression in the small intestine was performed by the Immunofluorescence method. Results: The Anova test prove that there are significant differences (p < 0.005) in liver fructose levels in all groups. Further post hoc tests show no significant difference (p>0.005) in liver fructose levels in rats fed a high fructose diet in T1G and T2G with QG and MG rats. However, Moringa leaf powder freduces liver fructose levels by 32.1% and 17.2% in T1G and T2G rats. The Anova test showed a significant difference (p < 0.005) in the expression of GLUT5 in all groups. Further post hoc tests showed a significant difference (p < 0.005) in the expression of GLUT5 in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum between the normal group and the T1G rats. Meanwhile, in T2G rats, significant differences were only found in the jejunum. Moringa leaf powder reduces GLUT5 expression in T1G rats by 44.5%, 59.5%, and 57.2% in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, whereas in T2G rats is by 33.5%, 50.2%, and 48.1%, respectively. Conclusion: The administration of local moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaf powder in Lombok Island had an effect on reducing GLUT5 expression in the small intestine, however, did not in liver fructose levels of albino rats (Rattus novergicus) fed a high-fructose diet. [Open Vet J 2023; 13(5.000): 532-540]

Research Background : South Jepara Regency is an industrial area that absorbs a lot of labor around the company's establishment. Over time, the incidence of HIV AIDS has increased. Data from the Jepara health office in Pecangaan District in 2018 reached 48 cases, in Mayong District in 2018 it reached 29 cases and in Kalimatan District in 2018 it reached 21 cases. Research Objective: To analyze the impact of industrial estates on the incidence of HIV AIDS. Research Methods: This type of research is qualitative with in-depth interview data collection techniques. Time of data collection in November 2019. The research location is Pecangaan, Kalinyamatan and Mayong Districts, Jepara Regency, Central Java. The number of research informants is 10 people. Miles and Huberman interactive data analysis The results of the study: the positive impact of increasing economic welfare and reducing the number of unemployed, while the negative impact of water pollution, the proliferation of hangouts and the construction of many boarding houses. Conclusion: Industrial growth in the southern part of Jepara Regency, has positive and negative impacts. Industrial environmental conditions as an indirect cause of the increasing incidence of HIV AIDS.

The thickness and roughness of metal layers substantially affect the performance of surface plasmon resonance (SPR)-based sensors. The deposition methods, control parameters, and substrate characteristics influence the layer thickness and roughness. This study investigates the SPR characteristics of a polished optical fiber surface coated with gold (Au) metal of different thicknesses. The Au layer is deposited via the thermal evaporation method, and its thickness is varied by controlling the deposition time (3–6 min). A proportionality relationship between thickness and deposition time is observed. Island-shaped structures in gold (Au) morphology are formed due to low adhesion to the substrate. The shape of this island creates gaps in the layer, causing scattering. In addition, the roughness on the gold surface triggers the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) phenomenon. As a result, the measured dielectric characteristics differ from the reference. The SPR curve calculation simulation was carried out based on reference optical parameters and measurement results by an ellipsometer, which were then compared with experiments. The obtained results show that the substrate roughness, morphology, and thickness of the Au layer play an essential role in determining the characteristics of the SPR curve in a fiber optic plasmonic sensor. As a result, in basic experiments, the sample with an Au thickness of 27.37 nm (deposition time = 3 min) shows better characteristics (half-maximum full width, minimum transmittance, and resonance wavelength) compared with the sample with an Au thickness of 53.97 nm (deposition time = 4 min), Although 53.97 nm is the optimal thickness from the simulation using reference optical parameters (smooth substrate surface and smooth gold layer).

Character education is an effort to prevent the growth of bad characters for the younger generation, especially through the introduction of local wisdom cultural values. Character values that must be instilled in students in the current era of very rapid technological development is by providing character education which includes knowledge, awareness and action to be implemented in everyday life. The purpose of this community service is to provide strengthening character education through local wisdom of SDN 03 Kabila Bone students in Molotabu Village, Gorontalo. The target of this activity is elementary school students. The method used in this community service activity is student participation. Involve students directly with assistance during activities. The results of the evaluation showed that all educators followed the character education strengthening material with the results that 89% of participants were in the good category and 11% in the sufficient category. Thus strengthening character education through local wisdom can be said to be good by providing socialization and concrete actions that will be remembered by students in preserving and caring for the environment. This activity is expected to have a positive impact as an educational effort for students at SDN 03 Kabila Bone, Molotabu village, Gorontalo.

Pemanfaatan dan pengolahan limbah kotoran menjadi pupuk organik bertujuan untuk menghasilkan suatu produk olahan yang memiliki nilai tambah dibandingkan dengan sebelum dilakukan pengolahan. Pengolahan limbah sapi ini dilatarbelakangi dengan kurangnya kesadaran masyarakat Desa Buwek tentang pengolahan limbah sapi dan manfaatnya bagi tanah kering. Alternatif solusi yang dapat dilakukan untuk mengatasi kendala tersebut dengan pemanfaatan dan pemanfaatan limbah sapi pupuk. Tujuan dari program ini adalah dapat memanfaatkan limbah sapi sehingga dapat digunakan sebagai pupuk organik, sebagai media tanam polybag atau pawon urip karena kondisi tanah Desa Buwek termasuk tanah kering dan dapat meningkatkan pendapatan masyarakat Desa Buwek. Metode yang digunakan adalah proses menjelajahi area sasaran yakni Desa Buwek, kemudian dilanjutkan dengan observasi dan wawancara langsung antara kami dari KKN posko 85 Universitas Islam Negeri Kiai Haji Achmad Siddiq Jember dengan masyarakat. Setelah kami melakukan penyuluhan kepada masyarakat bersama Unit Dinas Pertanian Unit Pelaksana Teknis Balai Penyuluhan Pertanian (UPT-BPP) Kecamatan Randuagung, mengatur jadwal penyuluhan, kemudian melakukan penyuluhan tentang pemanfaatan dan pengolahan limbah sapi menjadi pupuk organik. Hasil dari program pemberdayaan masyarakat ini adalah masyarakat Desa Buwek dapat mengembangkan program pembuatan pupuk organik dari limbah pertanian dan memanfaatkan pupuk organik sebagai media tanam untuk membuat pawon urip atau polybag sebagai upaya berkelanjutan dari program pengembangan.

Background: The development of the metaverse technology of the next generation of the Internet, which consists of a virtual environment, Augmented Reality online which is decentralized and stable and can be widely used in the health field. Due to the growth of Metaverse technology in various fields and the importance of using it in healthcare, this study was conducted to review and identify areas of application of metaverse technology in healthcare. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to analyze the writings that examine the metaverse in health care. Methods: In this scoping review, an electronic search is done through publish or perish to get an overview by combining keywords related to the topic without a time limit. Two authors independently collected data by data extraction tables. Results: The 50 articles found through the initial search, nine studies were eligible for inclusion in the review. Most of the studies (55.55%) were published in 2021, and South Korea was the country with the most research (44.44%). The main services for using Metaverse include educational services, intervention services, and communication services. Also, medical imaging is the most practical aspect of the Metaverse used in healthcare. Conclusion: The use of Metaverse in various health fields is growing rapidly. It is now widely used in other fields, such as medical intervention and health care provision; in medical imaging, it has many applications due to fundamental changes in the nature and quality of imaging.

Background: Insomnia is defined as difficulty falling or staying asleep or a sleep state that cannot restore the body's condition. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a vertebrate model that has been extensively studied to study sleep and neurological disorders. One of the most widely used methods to examine the effect of the light-dark cycle on the circadian system is by exposing animals and humans to pulse wave light. Objective: To see the effect of light exposure on zebrafish larvae by looking at inactive state duration and sleep latency in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae insomnia model. Methods: This study used four groups of zebrafish larvae i.e : (1) normal group (2) minutes of light exposure and 2 minutes off (2/2)), (3) Four minutes of light exposure and 1 minute off (4/1), and (4) 24 hours on (24/0). Observation of larval movement was carried out on 5, 6, and 7 dpf (day post fertilization). Observation time was 30 minutes before and after turned off of light exposure. Results: There were significant differences on days 5, 6, and 7 between the normal group and the three light treatment groups on inactive state duration and sleep latency in dark and light conditions with p-values (p

The rapid advancement of data and correspondence innovation in all areas of life has marked the beginning of the 21st century. the Indonesian government for this situation continues to strive to further develop the parts of teaching at each level economically by changing the world of training improvement. One of them is to implement 21st century inventive learning structures. The type of technique used in this research is library research. This strategy limits its implementation to only using library resources to obtain research information, without directing field research, collecting library information, perusing, recording, and handling disparate data on improving education plans in Indonesia to face the demands of 21st century capabilities through various related sources. The basic standards of 21st century learning include: training must be cooperative (teaching must work together), learning must be organized (learning must have organization), guidance must be student focused (learning focused on students), schools should be included with the community (schools should be coordinated with the local area). There are two things such as two basic methodologies in the discovery of K-13 which are very closely related to the needs of the 21st century, namely demand and logical methodologies that are used as references in creating different 21st century inventive learning models.

The tradition of writing among scholars has deep roots in various Islamic disciplines. Many works of scholars produced from the writing tradition strongly encourage the development of science, and Islam itself is very concerned about the development of science. This study aims to analyze the writing traditions of Indonesian ulama in the 19-21 century, which in this case is focused on KH. Hasyim Asyari and Ramli Abdul Wahid. The research method used in this research is a qualitative method based on literature study. The results of the discussion. First, the tradition of writing is a very important activity in the progress of the ummah and the nation. So it is hoped that every generation has a high ability to make their best writings for the advancement of the next generation. Second, in writing a work, of course, there is a strong belief that fosters noble intentions. And writing also requires strong supporting factors such as socio-political, time and economic. The three prominent and productive scholars, including Kiai Hasyim Asy'ari, are still remembered and proud to this day. Likewise with Prof. Dr. H. Ramli Abdul Wahid, MA who is certainly a prominent scholar, especially in North Sumatra Province, with his works that have provided developments in the world of Islamic education, especially.

Aluminum compounds can be easily found in the environment. Aluminum contamination is the environmental factor as one of the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the animal model, aluminum chloride (AlCl3) induces inflammation and oxidative stress. Inflammation and oxidative stress are important pathogenesis pathways in the AD. This study was conducted to determine whether AlCl3 can impair spatial memory and induce senile plaques formation. A total of 24 young adult Wistar rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into four groups; one control group and three AlCl3 treated groups with doses of 150 mg/kg, 300 mg/kg, and 600 mg/kg, respectively for 8 weeks. The spatial memory test was measured using Morris water maze and the histopathology was done by identification of senile plaques formation in the hippocampal tissue. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's test for multiple comparisons. The level of statistical significance was set at a p value < 0.05. This study showed that there are significant differences (p

PhET Simulation could be an alternative learning media for subject which is need laboratory practices that could not be adapted well in distance learning during pandemic of Covid-19. This study attempts to describe the effectiveness of PhET Simulation as learning media for laboratory practices during pandemic. This research is pre experimental research using pre-test post-test design with 30 students as sample that was taken using saturated sampling technique. The effectiveness of PhET simulation is seen from student’s concept understanding, and student’s response. The instruments used in this study was students’ understanding concept test sheet and responses questionnaire. The effectiveness analysis of PhET Simulation that is integrated in distance learning was done by analyzing students’ pretest and post-test scores by using paired-sample t-test, n-gain score average, and students’ responses. The results showed that there is significant increase of students’ concept understanding at α = 5%, the average N-gain of students concept understanding was 0.63 (medium), and also the implementation of PhET simulation achieved very positive responses. Overall, it can be concluded that the PhET simulation is effective as a learning media for laboratory practices during pandemic to improve students’ concept understanding.

Context: Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is one of the biggest causes of public health problems today, especially in older, where women have a greater risk of developing AD than men. However, the current AD therapy has not been satisfactory. Nigella sativa(NS) has bioactive compounds of flavonoid compounds and estrogenic effects that could be alternative medicine. Aims: To evaluate an extract of N. sativa on improving memory function through reducing GSK3β activation and Aβ42/40 ratio in a model of AD in rats. Methods: This research was an experimental study with the post-test-only group design using 24 Wistar rats divided into eight groups. Conjugated equine estrogen (CEE) 0.018-0.0036 mg/day and NS 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg BW were administered orally two weeks before intraperitoneal AlCl3 induction, then continued for up to 8 weeks. In the last five days of the study, the Morris water maze memory test was performed to analyze the expression of amyloid β (Ab), neurofibrillary tangles (NFT), glycogen synthase kinase 3β (GSK3β), and Aβ42/40 ratio. Results: There were significant differences in the memory test (p = 0.000), the expression Aβ40 (p = 0.000), Aβ42 (p = 0.000), NFT (p = 0.000) and GSK3β levels (p = 0.000). The lowest expression of Aβ40 in the NS100 group, Aβ42 in the NS400, NFT in the CEE group, and GSK3β levels in the NS100 group. Administration of NS increased the plasma ratio of Ab42/40 with the highest mean in the CEE group (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The administration of NS extract affected improving memory function by decreasing the expression of Aβ, NFT, GSK3β in ovariectomized Wistar rats supplemented with AlCl3.

The outbreak of Covid-19 led the government to do some preventive action such as the promotion of health protocol and healthy lifestyle. Unfortunately, some people still ignoring the current importance of this preventive action. We need to educate them about the importance of this preventive action using alternative media such as posters. The purpose of this activity is to find poster’s eligibility as a media to educate people of Dlanggu Village about preventive action to Covid-19. There are three stages done in this activities. They are preparation, implementation, and evaluation stage. The design of poster have been successfully made in this activity with an average score of 3.5. The result showed, in general, this poster was a good media to educate people about health protocol and healthy lifestyle during covid-19 pandemics.

Background: Dysphagia often occurs in post-stroke patients, causing aspiration that can result in disability or death. Nurses have an essential role to play in preventing these complications as they 24/7 care for patients. However, there is no written standard of nursing care regarding specific interventions of post-stroke dysphagia in reality. Objective: The purpose of this article is to conduct a literature review of interventions that can be made in patients with post-stroke dysphagia so that it can be a recommendation for Indonesian nursing standards. Design: Electronic literature searches PubMed, EBSCO (Medline), ProQuest, and ScienceDirect databases from January 2011 to October 2020. There was sixteen studies reviewed included in this systematic study were experimental, randomized controlled trials, or systematic reviews (which are also experimental designs, randomized controlled trials). The study focused on non-invasive interventions performed on post-stroke dysphagia patients. Results: Interventions in dysphagia found, namely: The use of food thickeners against the risk of aspiration resulted in the patient's swallowing ability significantly increased by 71.9% (p

Background: Carpal tunnel syndrome is symptomatic compression neuropathy of median nerve in carpal tunnel on wrist causes functional decreased in that area. CTS is diagnosed from clinical, physical examination, also from ENMG and USG wrist. This research aims to know about CTS characteristics and the relationship between clinical findings of CTS with ENMG and USG wrist results. Objective: This study aims to determine whether there is a relationship between the clinical findings of patients diagnosed with CTS and the results of ENMG and wrist ultrasound at the Neurology Polyclinic of Saiful Anwar Hospital, Malang. Methods: This research was descriptive observational. Data were collected from anamnesis and physical examination at Neurology Polyclinic Saiful Anwar Malang Hospital (RSSA) from April to December 2017, then examined by ENMG and USG wrist at RSSA. There are 27 patients suspected of CTS who meet inclusion and exclusion criteria. Results: From 9 months (April-December 2017) found 27 patients suspected CTS, about 19 patients (70,37%) were female and 7 patients (19,63%) were male. The majority of the age group is 25-65 years old (66,67%). Most of the occupations were housewives (48,15%). Patients most came with chief complaint of tingling (88,89%) with positive tinnel sign (77,78%), and most concomitant diseases were hypertension (48,15%). The ENMG results confirmed CTS about 92,59%, compared to the USG that confirmed CTS about 85,19%. Statistical analysis with Pearson Chi-Square test showed no relationship between clinical findings of CTS (Tinnel, Phalen, Counter Phalen, Flick test) with ENMG and USG wrist results. Conclusion: This research concluded no relationship between clinical findings of CTS with ENMG and USG wrist results.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui dan menganalisa hambatan- hambatan dalam sosialisasi program BOS, implementasi program BOS dan manajemen pengelolaan program BOS di SMK YPK Kesatuan Jakarta, dengan menggunakan model evaluasi kesenjangan (Discrepancy Model Evaluation). Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan menggunakan observasi, wawancara terstruktur, dan dokumentasi. Wawancara dilakukan dengan kepala Sekolah, bendahara BOS, guru, orang tua dan peserta didik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan ada kesenjangan dalam sosialisasi program BOS dan hambatan-hambatanya yaitu komunikasi yang kurang efektif , TIM BOS tidak memahami tugas dan fungsinya. Implementasi program BOS di SMK YPK Kesatuan Jakarta, 10 komponen sesuai juknis, 3 komponen terjadi ketimpangan antara juknis BOS dengan realisasi pembelanjaan yaitu pembelian alat multimedia pembelajaran, pembayaran honor guru, dan kegiatan praktek kerja industri. Manajemen pengelolaan dana BOS di SMK YPK Kesatuan Jakarta terjadi ketimpangan, peneliti tidak mendapatkan dokumen RKAS untuk dianalisis.

Introduction: The contraceptive prevalence rate in Indonesia has not experienced much improvement, which has led to an increase in the number of pregnancies. This study aimed to analyse the barriers to contraception use among women of childbearing age in rural Indonesia. Methods: This study used a cross-sectional design with data from the Indonesian Demographic and Health Survey (IDHS) of 2017. The independent variables were age, employment status, education, marital status, wealth status, health insurance and parity. The dependent variable was the use of contraception. The statistical significance was set at p

This study aims to determine student learning outcomes using Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) learning strategies at vocational school of Bina Taruna Medan city and what are the challenges in implementing contextual teaching and learning strategies in improving student learning outcomes at vocational school of Bina Taruna Kota Medan. This research method is a qualitative research with a case study approach, the results of observations show that the application of contextual teaching and learning (CTL) learning strategies improves student learning outcomes. The improvement of student learning outcomes reflects the enthusiasm of students in taking lessons in class and is carried over to the test results of Islamic religious education subjects. The learning outcomes of Islamic religious education subjects are said to be classically complete.

The performance, sensitivity, and corrosion protection on the QCM sensor requirement be improved to maximize the value. Therefore, the functional material coating was carried out. The addition of the polystyrene and ZnPc deposited using the vacuum evaporation method. This study intends to the morphology structure and effect of the coating, to improve performance through the annealing process based on the impedance value at QCM. The frequency measurement before and after the coating process was carried out with a variation of the deposition time, which is 1 minute 30 seconds, 1 minute 45 second, 2 minutes, 2 minute 20 seconds, and 4 minutes. The coating and annealing resulted from the surface structure of the QCM sensor are smooth, small porous, and homogeneous. In addition, the impedance to frequency graph indicates a low damping effect means the QCM sensor does not respond viscoelasticity.

Background: Friends have the most influence in an individual's life. Friendship contains specific elements, such as trust, openness, sharing of ups and downs, and learning to deal with conflict. Puberty children try to have friends to share their feelings with others. Because with good friendship will reduce minimize the anxiety they experience at puberty (Wulandari, Kustriyani, & Fiyannti, 2018). Objectives: The Purpose of this study to determine the relationship between friendship quality and anxiety facing the physical changes of puberty in female students at SDIT Bakti Insani Sleman Yogyakarta. Methods: This study was a quantitative research with survey method, with a total sampling of 47 respondents. Research instruments with questionnaires, the questionnaire was adopted from Marvienda (2007), researchers used a measuring instrument in the form of a friendship quality scale and anxiety scale of female students during puberty. Data analysis using person product moment. Results: The result showed respondents age 100% at the early adolescent stage, 74.5% respondents had not yet menarche, 25.5% had menarche, the average value of friendship quality was 84.89 and the average anxiety value was 63.91. The results showed that there was no relationship between the quality of friendship with anxiety facing physical changes during puberty in female students at SDIT Bakti Insani Sleman Yogyakarta (r = -.38, p-value = .802). Conclusion: This study found that the majority of respondents were in their early teens and only a small proportion had experienced menarche. The average value of high friendship quality shows that the quality of friendship is also high and the average value of anxiety in the medium shows moderate anxiety. The implications of this study are as input or consideration in preparing adolescent reproductive health starting from the beginning of puberty at school. Keywords: Quality of Friendship, Anxiety, Puberty, Physical Changes

Defensins play roles in innate immunity by exhibiting antimicrobial activity against microbes such as gram-negative and -positive bacteria, viruses, and fungi. This study aimed to identify variants of the Avian β-Defensin 2 (AvBD2) and determine their associations with the concentration of immunoglobulin Y and the titer of Newcastle disease (ND) antibody in IPB-1 chicken. The chicken population used in this study was 21-week-old IPB-D1 chickens (n=90). Variations in AvBD2 were analyzed by direct DNA sequencing. IgY concentration was measured by indirect ELISA, and the titer of ND antibody was measured by the hemagglutination-inhibition test. The AvBD2 association was analyzed by the general linear model procedure and Duncan’s multiple range test. The results revealed 10 SNPs located in intron 1 (3 SNPs), exon 2 (3 SNPs), and intron 2 (4 SNPs). Six of these SNPs were associated with IgY concentration. The CC genotype of g.5002 C>T was associated with IgY concentration and produced the highest mean IgY concentration. This g.5002 C>T mutation results in alanine-to-valine substitutions. The CC genotype of g.5002 C>T could be considered as a criterion for selecting chickens with high IgY concentrations.

Background: Neuro-inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of HIV-associated dementia (HIV). Activation of microglia is essential for triggering inflammatory-mediated neurotoxicity. HIV-1 120 kDa envelope glycoprotein (gp120) induces microglial NF-κB signaling which in turn induce pro-inflammatory and iNOS gene transcription. Continuous or excessive activation of NF-κB signaling lead to persistent production of TNF-α and nitric oxide by microglia and induce neuronal apoptosis. Alpha-pinene is a natural substance found in pine tree and has efficacy on inhibiting NF-κB signaling. Objective: This study was designed as a true experimental study and aimed to investigate the effect of alpha-pinene administration toward inflammatory response represented by the percentage of microglia containing activated NF-κB and iNOS expression. Methods: Neuron-glia primary culture from brain tissue of rat fetus was divided into 5 groups as follows: negative control; positive control (gp120 1nM); treatment I, II, and III (gp120 1 nM + alpha-pinene 0.4 µg/mL, 2 µg/mL, and 10 µg/mL, respectively). Microglial NF-κB and iNOS expression were analyzed using immunohistochemistry method. Neuronal apoptosis was measured by TUNNEL method. Results: Result showed that alpha-pinene administration on gp120-treated neuron-glia at all dosages decrease NF-kB activation, iNOS expression, and apoptotic neuron significantly as compared to the gp120-only treated group (p0.05), but significantly elevate iNOS expression (p

Microwave-assisted synthesis of zinc oxide-silver (ZnO-Ag) nanocomposite using clove (Syzygium aromaticum L.) oil has been investigated. Variation of solvents and irradiation time of microwave was studied. The product characterization was carried out using XRD, FT-IR, and SEM-EDS. The XRD analysis indicates ZnO-Ag nanocomposite has a polycrystalline structure. The ZnO peak was detected at 2θ = 31.99; 34.58 and 68.05, whereas the Ag peak was detected at 2θ = 38.36 and 44.49. The increasing of irradiation time reduces the crystallite size, and generally has size range between 9 and 12 nm. SEM-EDS confirmed the existence of the ZnO-Ag nanocomposite with percentage of Zn (46.89%), O (29.72%) and Ag (23.39%). Moreover, antibacterial evaluation on Staphylococcus aureus give the inhibition zone in 13.3 mm. This result slightly gives better activity than the reference.

Background: Indonesia is one of the ten countries in the world with the highest absolute number of child marriage. It is estimated that one in five girls in Indonesia gets married under 18 years old. Lack of knowledge about reproductive health and strong religious beliefs about marriage law are the reasons for child marriage. Objective: to formulate a model of community empowerment as an effort to prevent child marriage Method: This study used qualitative research with descriptive approach. The study was conducted in August-September 2019 in seven Junior High Schools in Semin Sub-District, Gunungkidul. There were seven homeroom teachers as the main informants, seven principals of Junior High School as the key informants, and seven students' parents as the supporting informants. The informants were selected by using purposive sampling. The data were collected through in-depth interviews and Focus Group Discussion. The data were analyzed using the interactive model of Miles and Huberman. Results: the formulation of the model consisted of the input, processing and output stages. Input Stage: (1) family and community (2) related institutions (3) schools (4) teachers. Processing Stage: (1) school activities, (2) the role of the homeroom teachers, (3) tigo matur setunggal mabrur task force. Output stage: (1) good attitude, (2) independence, (3) decision making. Outcome Stage: preventing child marriage.

Forecasting is the initial part of a decision-making process. In production activities, forecasting is done to determine the amount of demand for a product. Forecasting process requires a certain method and which method is used depends on the data and information to be predicted and the objectives to be achieved. In this study the method used is Trend Moment. In this study using the multimedia instrument rental data CV. Rysma Entertainment Surabaya type of Projector and LED TV from January 2017 to December 2018. Based on the analysis and testing of the system, this system can predict the rental of multimedia equipment in a particular month. The forecasting results of multimedia device rental type Projector 3000 Lumen will be rented as many as 13 units in January 2019 with an error rate of 21%with a total transaction data of 280

Investors and other stakeholders request more comprehensive information about the company’s possibilities for long-term value creation and their broader social impact to comprehend long-term success and future creation opportunities better. This study aims to ascertain the impact of sustainability reporting, which includes economic, environmental, and social disclosures, on corporate performance as measured by the market value dimension using Tobin’s Q. Purposive sampling was used in this study to collect secondary data from each company’s annual reports and sustainability reports. In this study, the Ordinary Least Squares approach is employed. According to the findings, Social Disclosure greatly impacted firm performance, while Environmental Disclosure and Sustainability Reporting had no significant positive impact. Based on the result, it can be concluded that if the activities performed cannot be regarded as firm assets, investment in this disclosure instrument has not significantly increased the company’s worth. However, Economic Disclosure had a considerable favourable impact.

This study synthesized collagen-chitosan/PVA nanofiber composites using the electrospinning method. Characterizations included Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and surface morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Investigations were carried out on tensile strength, degradation rate, and antibacterial test. It was found that the functional groups C–H, –OH, C–O, C–N, and N–H were suitable for PVA, collagen, and chitosan materials. The SEM showed that increasing the PVA composition caused a change in fiber diameter ranging from 34.64 to 71.63 nm. The tensile strength results show that the smallest nanofiber diameter has the highest ultimate strength value of 5.6 ± 0.4 MPa. In addition, it was found that the rate of degradation was directly proportional to the increase in concentration. Antibacterial activity test was carried out using two types of bacteria, namely gram-positive bacteria S. aureus and gram-negative bacteria E. coli . The results showed that the collagen-chitosan/PVA nanofiber composite had a diameter of antibacterial inhibition for E. coli and S. aureus bacteria, respectively.

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the desire for entrepreneurship (entrepreneurial intention) for students who have obtained courses in entrepreneurship or have even chosen specialization courses in entrepreneurship. It is indicated that there are three variables that influence entrepreneurial intention, namely entrepreneur program education, perceived feasibility and perceived desirability. The analysis used in this study is multiple regression. The populations of this study are students in three excellent PTS in the West Jakarta area. The results of this study indicate that of the three independent variables proposed, educational programs and perceived feasibility show a positive but not significant effect on entrepreneurial intention. Meanwhile, there is only one independent variable that influences entrepreneurial intention positively and significantly that is perceived desirability.

Ethanol extract of leaves and petiole of pegagan (Centella asiatica) is potential as antimicrobial and antifertility. This study was to investigate whether ethanol extracts of leaf and petiole of Centella asiatica has potential as an antimicrobial and can decrease sperm quality and spermatogenic cells of mice. This was a randomized controlled study using Centella asiatica plant from which we made ethanol extract. The extract of the leaves and petiole of Centella asiatica was subjected to antimicrobial test using the bacteria S. aureus, S. epidermidis, and A. aerogenes. Then the observation was done after a 24-hour-old bacterial cultures by measuring the diameter of the clear zone in mm. Thereafter, the extract was given to randomly grouped mice that were divided into two groups receiving the leaf extract in one group and the petiole exract in another for 35 days. On day 36 the mice were sacrificed for spermatozoa quality and testicular histology examination. Statistical analyses used in this study were ANOVA and LSD tests. There was inhibition zone difference between leaf and petiole (p=0.000). Inhibition zone between bacteria S. epidermidis, S. aureus and A. aerogenes showed no difference (p=0.198). Inter-dose inhibition zone showed difference (p=0.000). Centella asiatica leaf extract showed inhibition zone better than that of Centella asiatica petiole extract. In spermatozoa quality test, there was effect of Centella asiatica leaf extract on sperm motility (p

Biofilm is a mechanism of bacterial defense against antimicrobials that can cause resistance. Staphylococcus aureus is a biofilm-producing bacteria and the most often cause of skin and soft tissue infections. Therefore, efforts are needed to prevent the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Basil leaves are herbal plants that contain eugenol and tannin compounds, which are thought to inhibit the formation of biofilms. This research is a laboratory experimental study that aims to prove the effect of basil leaves ethanol extract (Ocimum sanctum) on the establishment of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms with in vitro method and determine the minimum inhibitory biofilm concentration needed. In this study, the tube method with 7 different concentrations was used. The results of biofilm ring formation obtained and measured quantitatively using Mean Gray Value in Adobe Photoshop CS6. From the study’s results, is found that the increase in extract concentration is directly proportional to the thinning of the biofilm ring on the tube with a minimum inhibitory concentration of biofilm at a concentration of 30%. The Pearson correlation test showed a very strong and significant correlation (r = 0.898, p = 0,000), and the Oneway ANOVA comparison test known a significant difference among the mean of each group (p = 0,000). From these results it can be known that the ethanol extract Ocimum sanctum can inhibit the formation of Staphylococcus aureus biofilms in vitro.

A functional layer is crucial in a QCM sensor, to immobilize target molecules. The microstructure of the layer determines the sensitivity of the sensor. On the other hand, the microstructure also affects the loading of the sensor. In this study, impedance analysis was used to investigate the relationship between the microstructure and the viscoelastic properties of a petalous stearic acid (SA) functional layer. The SA layer was deposited using a vacuum thermal evaporation technique. Different petalous pillar structures in the elastic layer were generated by varying the deposition time. Analysis showed that the growth of the embedded pillar structures dramatically reduced the conductance and increased the bandwidth. The energy dissipation during the vibration could be related to the interaction between the pillars and the elastic matrix.

Polystyrene (PS) thin film with various concentration of mass (1%, 3%, and 5%) has been deposited onto Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) surface by a spin coating method. The purpose of this research is the improvement of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA) immobilization into the QCM surface. The QCM resonance frequency has been investigated by means of Impedance Analyzer. The film thickness was calculated by the Sauerbrey equation. The surface roughness of the PS layer was observed by noncontact Topography Measuring System (TMS-1200). Calculation result using a Sauerbrey equation shows the thickness of the PS layer increases with the increasing PS concentration. The QCM/PS with 1% and 5% concentration of mass has rougher morphology and more frequency shifts caused by BSA injection compared to 3% concentration of PS.

Background: Hyperglycemia condition will decline cognitive function. No basic therapy has been found for this. Purple potato anthocyanins are useful as anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, neuroprotectant, and antidiabetic. Objective: Evaluate effect of purple potato’s anthocyanins on MDA levels, brain’s caspase-3 expressiom, and spatial memory function in diabetic model of Wistar rats. Methods: This is an experimental study using diabetic model rats. The sample was divided into negative and positive control, anthocyanin dose of 10mg/kg, 20mg/kg, and 80mg/kg groups. MDA levels were measured using spectrophotometer, caspase-3 expression with immunohistochemistry, and spatial memory function using Morris water maze test. Results: Tukey test showed that anthocyanin 10, 20, and 80 mg/kg lowering MDA levels, caspase-3 expression, and Morris water maze’s travel time compared to control positive (p = 0.000). But anthocyanin 80 mg/kg make a significant increase on these three variabels compared to 10 and 20 mg/kg groups (p = 0.010). Pearson test showed that there no correlation between anthocyanin’s dose, MDA levels, caspase-3 expression, and Morris water maze test. Conclusion: Anthocyanin doses 10 and 20mg/kg lowering MDA levels and caspase-3 expression, also improves spatial memory function on diabetic model of Wistar rats.

Background: Serum Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein (GFAP) is a great potential for biomarker that is widely studied as a diagnostic biomarker of acute stroke. Sampling within 6 hours after onset is the best time window, but in Indonesia, stroke patients often arrive late more than 6 hours. Objective: To identify the difference in time of blood sampling with serum GFAP levels within 24 hours onset of ischemic stroke (IS) patients and intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) strokes. Methods: Cross-sectional analysis with purposive sampling, sampling in IS and ICH strokes that arrive at the ER within 24-hour on-site. The serum GFAP examination was performed with ELISA. Results: In this study, 41 acute stroke patients with 24-hour onset of each stroke were grouped into group 1 (

Pb(ZrxTi1-x)O3 has extensive application in electronic components as a thin layer. The densification layer is controlled by some factor such as precursor composition and heating techniques. Therefore, it is necessary to get simply precursor synthesis from zirconium(IV) nitrate stabilized polyol-acetate. In other hand, hydrolysis factor and the heating rate are affected as well as factor control. The PZT synthesis (55:45) was varied in Rw ratio as comparing water mole and the total mole of metal. The result of Rw = 0, 6, 9, and 12 are coated on silicon substrates and annealed with heating rates variate 1, 5, 10, and 30 °C/min for 650°C. The characterization and analysis were performed with FTIR and a microscope. Furthermore, the thermal dynamic behavior and crystal orientation are observed. The results show PZT synthesis from zirconium(IV) nitrate precursor and PEG-acetate was stable and that can reproduce. The effect of rising of heating rate causes the dissipating PZT agglomeration, while the addition of water causes the cracking of crystals to become more massive.

This study was aimed to determine the effect of tin electrode distances and the thickness of a thin layer of ZnPc (Zinc phtyalocyanine) toward changes in resistance with ozone exposure. Tin deposition on the glass surface was conducted using spraying method. The reaction between ozone and ZnPc produces electrical properties that can be read through the resistance value of the multimeter. Based on this study, it was investigated that the smaller a distance between the electrode and the thicker deposition of ZnPc lead to the less resistance. This showed that a thin layer of the conductivity increases along with the longer exposure to ozone gas. The movement of electrons with the hole was free.

The performance of a quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) biosensor can be enhanced by patterning the surface of the SiO2 substrate. In this study, the patterning was realized by a plasma etching process. The etching of the SiO2 was carried out using a tetrafluoroethane (CH2FCF3) plasma. The plasma was generated by applying power from a generator. The generator used in this research was a low frequency 40 kHz plasma generator. The generator was equipped with automatic matching circuits, which ensured the stability of plasma power during the experiments. The specimens were produced with a power ranging from 40 watts to 120 watts for 1 hour. The pressure of the chamber was fixed at 1 Torr. The processing gas for this study was a commercial CH2FCF3 gas. The flow rate of the gas was 20 ml/min. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of plasma power on the etching rate and the anisotropy of the etched SiO¬2 surface. The etching rate and the anisotropy strongly correlate with the quality of patterning. Measurement and observation of the etched SiO2 surface were carried out using an optical microscope and a TMS-1200 (Topography Measurement System). The optical microscope was used to determine the etched area from the unetched one, while the TMS was utilized to obtain the thickness and the surface profile. The results show the highest etching rate, i.e., 17.90 nm/min, was obtained by applying a plasma power of 100 watts. The rate demonstrated a relatively slow etching process due to a complex mixture of fluorine (F) and the CH2FCF2 compound. This slow etching rate is preferable for controlling nano-profiles of the pattern. Furthermore, the applied power also had an effect on the anisotropy of the etched profile, and the results of this research show that the best anisotropic coefficient, i.e., 4.8×10-2, occurred in the process with an optimized 110-watt power. The anisotropy was defined as the ratio of the vertical etching rate and the horizontal etching rate. This ratio is important in determining the quality of the profile of the patterned QCM.

This article examines the government’s response during the Reformation period to smog haze, which often interferes with the visibility of air and sea traffic in Southeast Asia. In the history of forest fires in Indonesia, transboundary haze pollution has strong roots in the New Order regime, namely in 1982-1983 and 1997-1998. The New Order government at that time gave significant oil palm plantation concessions to domestic and foreign investors. This concession allowed the expansion of capitalism to occur on a massive scale, resulting in severe environmental degradation in Kalimantan. The smog haze has become a serious problem that gets considerable attention from international actors because it has the potential to cross national borders. To elaborate on this problem, this study answers the research question of how the reform regime after the New Order responded to forest fires in Kalimantan? In September 2014, the government ratified the ASEAN Agreement on Transboundary Haze Pollution (AATHP) as a political commitment that must be carried out together as ASEAN member countries, as well as the moral responsibility of the Indonesian government as the holder of the most extensive forest in the world.

This paper departs from the problem of the conspiracy between capitalism and imperialism and modern colonialism which has become a powerful force to exploit the environment in order to meet the demands of industrialization and modernization of society in capitalist countries. Some research questions that will be answered in this paper are why the East Sumatra region is a frontier area that is contested by the capitalists to expand their capital in this region? How did the various colonial powers compete for control of this region? How was the expansion of the plantation industry during the late Dutch colonial period? The results of the study show that the East Sumatra region is a potential area for the plantation industry (tobacco, rubber, tea, etc.). It is not surprising that the main colonial powers in Southeast Asia tried to control this region, especially the Netherlands and England. Various approaches were taken to negotiate with local authorities to obtain the right to control this area. Finally, from the second half of the 19th century until the end of the colonial government in Indonesia, the plantation industry in this region developed remarkably.