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Background: Today, entrepreneurship development, as an important engine of economic growth, requires a high spirit of entrepreneurship. In universities, students are the mainstay of entrepreneurship. In this way, the present study has measured the entrepreneurial traits of graduate students in Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in Yazd. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in 2020. Authors selected 235 graduate students based on quota sampling and used Cochran's formula. The research tool was a standardized questionnaire to measure entrepreneurial spirit. Data were entered into SPSS 21 statistical software and analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical tests. This included independent t-test, ANOVA, and regression. Results: The total score of entrepreneurial spirit was evaluated as good with an average of 62.50 %. Among all the dimensions, the achievement seeking dimension got the highest score with an average of 75.50 %, and the independence sought dimension received the lowest score with an average of 50.50 %. There was a significant relationship between the total score of entrepreneurial spirit and marital status (p = 0.046), gender (p = 0.033), father's job (p = 0.020), and mother's job (p = 0.001). The regression model also showed that gender, age, and mother's employment are effective factors regarding the entrepreneurial spirit of students (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Planning with a focus on male and older students can strengthen the entrepreneurial spirit in the university. Of course, considering the increase in the number of female students in universities, it is vital to improve their entrepreneurial characteristics and motivate them for self-employment.

Background: Overweight and obesity are the most serious public health challenges of developed and developing countries. The prevalence of childhood obesity has increased worldwide. This study aims to identify the behavioral determinants of overweight and obesity among adolescents. Methods: This is a qualitative study with directed approach to content analysis of in-depth semi-structured interviews. A total of 27 obese and overweight students (11girls, 16 boys) were recruited in this study based on the PRECEDE model (predisposing factor). The participants were recruited using a purposive sampling method to reach the maximum variation sampling. This sampling took over 6 months in 2018 at the Ghaemshahr middle school. Content analysis approach (directed) was used to analyze the interview. Results: Five main themes and 20 sub-themes of behavioral determinant were emerged from the interview. The main themes included perceived benefit, perceived threaten, self-efficacy, cues to action, and locus of control. The subthemes included self-empowerment, motivation and diligence role, enough information and parent pressure, long term benefits, physical health, doing favorite sports, perceived susceptibility and perceived severity, and internal and external locus of control. Conclusion: Self-efficacy and perceived benefit are the most significant determinants of preventive behavior in obese and overweight students; therefore, considering these variables in students can be applied in designing an interventional program that affect obesity preventive behaviors, increase parents’ awareness and school authorities.

Introduction: Happiness is one of the most effective factors in economic, cultural, social, and political development in a society that reduces family problems, divorce, increased academic achievement, job engagement, and production. This study aimed to determine the relationship between self-efficacy and happiness variables with some demographic variables among a group of students. Method: This cross-sectional study was performed on 371 students from Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences who met the inclusion criteria and selected by simple random sampling method in 2018-2019. The data were collected using Oxford Happiness Inventory (OHI) and General Self-efficacy Scale (GSE). Data analysis was performed by SPSS23 using student t-test, one way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation tests. Result: The mean age of the subjects was 22.23 ±2.95 years, the mean score of happiness was 28.65 ±14.81, and the mean score of self-efficacy was 60.5 ± 9.44. The variables of age, sex, and education were significantly associated with happiness (P

Background: The process of obtaining oral health information, evaluating its concepts and using appropriate prevention and treatment processes in the field of Oral health literacy (OHL) is within the scope of health literacy and is the link between culture and society, health system, education system, and oral health consequences. The purpose of the current study was to investigate OHL in first-grade high school students in Babol. Materials and Methods: The present study was a cross-sectional study on 383 high school students in Babol 2019 using the multi-stage cluster sampling method in the first stage of school selection and in the second stage of class selection. The data were collected using demographic, oral health behaviors assessment, and Oral Health Literacy Questionnaire. OHL questionnaire has 17 questions in four sections of reading comprehension, numeracy, listening, and decision making. Regression analysis, ANOVA, T-test, and chi-square test were used for data analysis (SPSS 23). Findings: The mean score of students' OHL was 8.33 ± 2.004, and 11.7%, 26.1%, and 61.9% of the students were with adequate, borderline, and inadequate levels of OHL, respectively. According to the analysis, OHL had a significant relationship with income, father’s education, tooth brushing, and use of beverage foods. Conclusion: The results showed that OHL was insufficient among students, and more efforts and interventions were required to improve oral health and increase oral health literacy among student.

Introduction: Genetically Modified (GM) food is a point of debate in the world. There have been few relevant studies in Iran, so this study aimed to predict the consumption of genetically modified oil by the staff of health centers based on the planned behavior theory. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 105 staff members of health care centers of Yazd in Iran completed a researcher-made questionnaire in 2012. The questionnaire validity and reliability were verified. The resulting data were analyzed via Pearson correlation coefficient and linear regression model. The data were analyzed using SPSS software and at the number below 0.05 regarded as significant. Results: Attitudes and subjective norms had the strongest positive, significant correlations with consuming genetically modified oil (r=0.619, r=0.526, p

Aims: Considering the prevalence of anemia and iron deficiency and exposure to risk in adolescent girls, the aim of the present study was to determine the predictors of iron supplementation in high school girls using health promotion model. Instruments & Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive-analytical study was carried out on 230 female students from high schools of Meybod city, Yazd province, Iran in 2017. The subjects were selected using classified random sampling method. Data were collected by the researcher-made questionnaire including demographic characteristics and health promotion model structures which was filled by self-administered. Data were analyzed using SPSS 16 software through linear regression analysis and Spearman correlation test. Findings: The mean of iron supplement consumption among 16 distributed supplements was 8.44±5.19. The perceived self-efficacy and positive emotions had the strongest correlation with iron supplement consumption (p

Background Kangaroo Mother Care (KMC) is an easy and emotional care that can reduce the mortality and morbidity in premature infants, but often the relationship between mother and her newborn is delayed due to some barriers. The aim of this study was to investigate perceived benefits and barriers of mothers in this regard. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 121 mothers with premature infants admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi Hospital, Iran, studied using convenience sampling method in 2018. Data gathering accomplished by interviewing mothers using researcher-made questionnaire included baseline characteristics of parents and their infant and items measuring perceived benefits and barriers of mothers to KMC. The data were analyzed using SPSS software version 22.0 Results: Strengthening of the emotional relationship between mother and infant and a greater sense of confidence were the main perceived benefits of mothers. Not being in good physical and mental condition, lack of relevant knowledge and fear of performing KMC were the most important perceived barriers of mothers to KMC. The perceived benefits differed only in mother's ethnicity and father's occupation (P0.05). Conclusion According to the results though the high perceived benefits of mothers in performing KMC, it seems that planning for improving mothers mental condition, providing mothers with necessary knowledge and reducing fear of caring can effectively promote doing KMC by mothers.

The article's abstract is not available.

Introduction: Social and organizational supports are effective factors closely related to job burnout and Due to the limited studies in this area on Iranian workers, this study aims to determine the predictability of social support and organizational support in job burnout for workers in Yazd. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out among 200 textile workers in Yazd through stratified random sampling. The data were collected by the tools including demographic characteristics, questionnaires of social support, organizational support, and Maslach's job burnout. The data were analyzed by SPSS using the Pearson correlation coefficient and the multiple linear regression. The Significance level of tests was considered as p

Background: Obesity is considered as the greatest cause of chronic diseases worldwide. The prevalence rate of obesity and overweight should be recognized in the community for planning and prioritizing health problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of obesity and overweight and its related factors among residents of Yazd city, Iran. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 790 participants aged 20-70 years. Participants were selected through multi-stage systematic sampling in 2018. The individuals' demographic data, and anthropometric measurements such as height and weight were measured. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics, chi-square, and correlation coefficients. Results: The mean age of participants was 45.10 ± 14.56 years. According to the results, 170 (21.51%) and 280 (35.44%) participants were obese and overweight, respectively. Overweight was also associated with demographic variables of mobility, age, and income. Furthermore, a significant relationship was found between weight status and demographic variables of mobility, age, and income. Based on the results, a significant and positive correlation was observed between body mass index and age (R = 0.75, P = 0.03). Conclusion: Obesity and overweight is a major public health problem in Yazd, especially among women, older age, and low-income groups in Yazd. Therefore, appropriate plans should be designed to reduce this health problem.

Introduction: Students are predisposed to loss of general health due to the special circumstances of the education period. Considering that they constitute a significant proportion of the population, their general health status can be considered as a good basis to plan for their general health. Therefore, the present study was conducted to investigate the general health status in students of Yazd University of Medical Sciences. Methods: In this descriptive study, 272 students of Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences in 2016 were selected by stratified random sampling method. Data collection instrument was a three-section questionnaire including demographic characteristics, lifestyle-related habits, a standard health questionnaire, and a general health questionnaire (GHQ)-28. After data collection was done, the data were analyzed using SPSS software version 16, descriptive and Independent T-test and one-way ANOVAs. Results: Findings of the study showed that 54.4% of students had a non-favorable general health status. The general health status of the students was not significantly associated with gender, education level, parents’ education level and residence status (p > 0.05). However, there was a significant difference in the variable of smoking. (p = 0.03), and this difference was more pronounced in the areas related to depression. Conclusion:Regarding the negative effects of the students' depression and smoking on their general health status, it seems that the general health of the students can be improved by providing consulting services and designing and implementing preventive action.

Background Dental and oral diseases can have negative impacts on children’s quality of life. The aim of this study was to determine the predictors of oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in the children aged 2–5 years old. Materials and methods A total number of 288 children aged between 2 and 5 years were selected and stratified by gender from three community health centres located in the city of Jahrom, south of Fars Province, Iran. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity and reliability was confirmed. The questionnaire was completed by parents/caregivers of the children. A multiple linear regression analysis was performed with quality of life as the dependent variable and, based on covariance structural analysis, evaluated the goodness of fit of the resulting structural equations models. Results The results showed that predisposing factors with a coefficient of 0.0457 (p = 0.015) and reinforcing factors ones with a coefficient of 0.2748 (p p p Conclusion The predictors of the children’s OHRQoL included predisposing, strengthening, oral health behaviours and oral health status. Therefore, planning to enhance supportive family behaviours and to boost predisposing factors including knowledge, attitudes, perceived benefits, and self-efficacy in parents and their oral health behaviours is recommended.

According to a report by world health organization (WHO) in 2018, the population of the elderly over 60 years will double from 2015 to 2050, and will increase between12% to 22%. Also, in 2050, 80 % of the elderly will be from low and middle-income countries. Though population changes toward aging has begun from developed countries such as Japan, but in the middle of the 20th century, the elderly population of Iran has reached a notable level. WHO considered hearing loss, cataract and refractive errors, back and neck pain and osteoarthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, depression and dementia as common public health problems of elderly population .It also noted environmental, social and physical conditions of individuals including homes, neighborhoods, and communities as factors of healthy aging due to their significant influence on the development and maintenance of health behaviors

Aim: Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women worldwide. This comparative study was designed to investigate the knowledge, attitude, and practice of medical and non-medical female students concerning breast self-examination (BSE) in two different universities in Shiraz, Iran. It also examined the relationship between the students' knowledge, attitude, practice and type of academic education. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Shiraz, Iran. 394 female students were selected using proportionate stratified random sampling (292 non-medical and 102 medical). A self-administered questionnaire was used for data collection, and the obtained data were analyzed descriptively. Findings: Medical students were more aware of BSE timing, stages of BSE performance and initiation age of BSE. Medical female students were also more likely to consider BSE as efficient, not difficult and time consuming, and to acknowledge that as a method for decreasing the probability of cancer. Regular BSE performance rate for both groups was very low and unsatisfactory (non-medical 2.1% and medical 2.9%). The results of t-test and Chi-square revealed significant differences across BSE knowledge, attitude and practice with type of academic education (medical or non-medical) (P=001). Conclusion: Based on the findings, the medical students were more knowledgeable and showed a better attitude and responded more positively than the non-medical student, but both groups showed low level of BSE practicing that is of a concern. The supportive role of universities in providing students with necessary information about breast cancer is suggested, and its prevention methods should be highlighted. Additionally, there is a need to a supportive environment which facilitates students’ access to qualified health care services.

Introduction and purpose: Assessment of quality of life (QOL) in rheumatoidarthritis (RA) patients is of great importance for health researchers, health planners, and clinical specialists. Therefore, we aimed to evaluate QOL and thefactors affecting it in patients with RA.Methods: This descriptive-analytical study was performed in 185 RA patients(2014) at Shariati Hospital. The participants were chosen through conveniencesampling. The data collection tools included a form on demographic and clinicalfactors, health status (arthritis impact measurement scale2 [AIMS2]), and SF20QOL questionnaire. Data was analyzed in SPSS 16 using descriptive, univariate,and multivariate regression analysis.Results: The patients had a mean age of 46.97±11.47 years, and most of thepatients were female (80.5%), 67.6% of whom were housewives. In general,90% of the patients had diploma or lower education. Mean of physical dimensionof QOL was lower and social and role dimensions were higher than otherdimensions. Univariate analysis regression showed that QOL have significantnegative relationship with age, disease duration, disease activity score (DAS) andsignificant positive relationship with education and health status. In multivariateregression analysis, health status, DAS, and education explained 71.7% of QOL.Conclusion: Our results highlighted the influence of demographic and diseaserelatedfactors on QOL. Thus, they should be implemented in designingeducational programs to increase QOL in RA patients.