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Elements are the shared result of the erosion of rocks in the catchment area and human activities. Nutritional habits, ecological needs, heavy metal concentrations in water and sediment, duration of fishing in the aquatic environment, fishing season, and physicochemical properties of water (salinity, pH, hardness, and temperature) are among the effective factors in the accumulation of heavy metals in various fish organs. In this study, 150 specimens of Rutilus kutum were collected from the southern shores of the Caspian Sea including Astara, Anzali, and Kiashahr in Guilan Province, Farahabad in Mazandaran Province, and Bandar Torkaman in Golestan Province from December 2018 through October 2019. It is possible to predict the metal concentrations using the variables such as fish tissue, sampling region, and season. Akaike information criterion (AIC) was used to select the best regression model. We used fish muscle tissue and Anzali sampling site which were considered reference variables in the regression model. For some elements, a better model is obtained by considering all variables (AIC criterion is its lowest value). The best model obtained for Cu, Mn, and Si was only with region (as a variable). The best model obtained for Sn and Sr only concerns the region and tissue variables. The best model obtained for Sb only related to tissue variable. Using these models, environmental monitoring becomes easier and cheaper. We suggest further studies to be carried out in the shortest possible time along with the least laboratory cost.

In this paper, the amount of 19 elements in three species of algae and associated sediment in the northern margin of the Persian Gulf was investigated. A sampling of algae was performed on the coast with a length of 5 km in each station and surface sediment was sampled at the same time in low and middle intertidal zones. The values of elements in the samples were measured by using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) device. Then, the amount of bioaccumulation factor in algae tissue relative to sediment (biota-sediment accumulation factor, BSAF) was determined. The value of BSAF was compared with the empirical cumulative entropy (ECE). ECE is based on comparing the element information in algae with those in sediments. The results showed that BSAF was very closely related to the ECE factor so that significant correlations were obtained for algae species of P. gymnospora (ECE = 0.477 BSAF, R2: 0.967), H. hamulosa (ECE = 0.542 BSAF, R2: 0.979), and C. membranacea (ECE = 0.356 BSAF, R2: 0.976). The ECE values > 0.4 were similar to those obtained for BSAF > 1, exhibiting that the element accumulation in algae was higher than in sediments. Based on ECE, to determine the vanadium accumulation in the environment, the C. membranacea algae are more appropriate than H. hamulosa. Overall, the data showed that ECE is a good alternative to BSAF in estimating marine pollution.

The present study was conducted to determine the toxicity induced by pesticide, malathion in Persian sturgeon, Acipenser persicus through assaying the plasma biochemical characteristics and histopa...

Caspian kutum, Rutilus kutum Kamensky 1901, is a commercially important fish species in the southern basins of the Caspian Sea. In spite of the popularity and consumption of the gonads, muscles, and viscera of kutum as edible parts in the region, there is no report on concentrations of trace elements (TE) in its gonads. In this study, some 51 specimens of R. kutum caught from five different fishing regions (Astara, Anzali, Kiashahr, Sari, and Gorgan) in the southern shoreline of the Caspian Sea from September 2017 to January 2018. An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to assay 36 element concentrations in fish gonads, but only 26 elements were detected and statistically analyzed. The concentration of elements in gonads (except for Ca, Sn, and Sr) did not exhibit significant differences between the eastern and western parts (p

This study investigates the effects of Coriander (C. sativum) on the growth, antioxidant, and immune‐associated genes and serum and mucosal immune parameters in zebrafish (D. rerio). The experimental fish were treated with 0 [control], 5, 10 and 20 g/kg coriander supplemented diets for 8 weeks. The results revealed that coriander remarkably increased mucosal immune parameters (the total Immunoglobulin, protease and lysozyme activity). The highest levels of the measured parameters were noticed in 20 g/kg CP treatment. Also, the zebrafish fed 20 g/kg coriander powder showed significantly higher expression gene for lysozyme and TNF‐alpha. The same results were noticed in case of IL‐1B gene expression. In case of sod gene expression there was no significant difference between treatments. However, regarding cat gene expression, significant difference was noticed between 20 g/kg CP treatment and other groups. In addition, no significant changes were observed between coriander fed zebrafish and control treatments regarding GH gene expression level, although IGF‐I remarkable up‐regulate in 20 g/kg coriander powder treatment compared other groups. In conclusion, it can be proposed that dietary Coriander powder can improve mucosal immune parameters and immune and antioxidant genes expression.

The aim of this study was to investigate the occurrence of microplastics (MPs) in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract, muscle and gonads of 193 individuals of nine commercially-important fish species from Anzali Wetland between May and July 2018. Tissues were removed, digested by 10% KOH for 24 h at 60 °C, filtered on cellulose nitrate filter and then dried. MPs were found in all tissues. There were significant differences between the numbers of isolated particles from GI tract and control groups (procedural blank containing Milli Q water without tissue), while their abundance in the muscle and gonads did not display significant differences with control groups. Higher abundances of MPs were recorded in omnivorous fish (2.26 ± 2.93 items/individual) than carnivorous species (1.10 ± 1.10 items/individual) (P 0.05). MPs were ranged from 20 to 4800 μm in size and were dominated by fiber-like in shape, polyethylene in polymer and black in color.

The concentration of 19 metal and non-metal elements in two fishes (Liza subviridis and Sphyraena jello) and associated sediment–seawater from the northern part of the Persian Gulf was measured. The samples were gathered from two industrial ports, one commercial port, and one residential port. The metal accumulation in the muscle and liver of fishes was evaluated. Nickel (mean 362.07–712.83 μg/g) and chromium (mean 470.00–691.47 μg/g) in sediment and zinc (mean 9.01–31.15 μg/L) and arsenic (mean 18.22–22.14 μg/L) in seawater had the most abundancy among studied elements. The accumulation of elements in S. jello (a pelagic species) was higher than L. subviridis (a demersal species). For both species, major elements of S and Mg and trace elements of Fe, Al, Si, Zn, and Cu showed highest accumulation. Also, fish samples from Emam Hassan Port were more contaminated than other stations. Ecological indexes values have revealed a low to moderate elemental pollution of sediment and fish samples in the north part of the Persian Gulf.

Background: Land and water pollution by heavy metals is a universal issue. Although the pollution affects all countries, but its range and severity vary hugely. The pollution of the marine environment by heavy metals is a worldwide problem. Marine sediments can be sensitive indicators for monitoring contaminants in aquatic environments. Methods: The concentration of 10 elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Al, Fe, Ni, Pb, Sb, and Zn) was determined in the sediments of four shoreline stations including Imam Hassan port, Ameri port, Bushehr port, and Nayband Bay at the west Persian Gulf from March to December 2017. The elements were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Data were analyzed using SPSS version 16. Results: The contamination of the sediments was assessed based on the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and enrichment factor (EF). Spearman correlation matrix was calculated between all the trace metals and major elements as well as corresponding sampling regions. Statistically significant inter-elemental correlations (e.g., Cr-Fe, Cr-Al, Cr-Ni, Cr-Zn, and Cr-Cu) were found between some metals. High EF levels for Fe, Al, and Pb suggest that metals in the sediments of the northern Persian Gulf could have originated from anthropogenic sources. Conclusion: The contamination pattern of sediments is affected by factors such as sedimentation patterns, physical and chemical properties of the sediments. For example, sediments with fine-grained and high surface area-to-volume ratio can act as good absorbents for many pollutants. Keywords: Heavy metals, Geologic sediment, Persian Gulf, Bushehr

The electric yellow cichlid Labidochromis caeruleus is a mouth-brooding haplochromine cichlid from Lake Malawi and one of the most popular cichlids in the ornamental fish industry. To investigate the early development of L. caeruleus from hatching until the juvenile stage, we studied its morphological development and allometric growth patterns. In newly-hatched larvae, most organs and body parts were not yet differentiated and continued to develop until 15 days post hatching (dph). The yolk sac was depleted at 13 dph. There was allometric growth, primarily in the anterior and posterior regions of the body, and inflection points when trajectories of allometric growth changed. Head and tail growth was prioritized, suggesting that body parts linked to feeding and swimming behaviour mature earlier than the rest of the body. Additionally, growth patterns revealed that development of organs related to vital functions such as branchial respiration, sensation, exogenous feeding and swimming was prioritized. Comparisons with other African and Neotropical cichlids revealed differences in ontogenetic processes and allometric growth along the anterior-posterior axis as well as variation in developmental timing. These results indicate how early morphological development and ontogenic processes might respond to the distinctive parental care observed in mouth-brooding cichlids.

Background: Herbicides are usually used to control weeds and some of them like glyphosate are nonselective herbicides. Aquatic environments are usually the last destinations of agricultural pesticides, which disrupt the metabolic processes of organisms. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate acute toxicity of glyphosate on the survival rate of common carp, Cyprinus carpio. Methods: A total of 135 common carp averaged 7 ± 0.8 g in weight were exposed to 0, 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150, 175 and 200 mL.L-1 glyphosate (15 fish in each treatment, with triplicates) for 96 hours. The aquariums capacity was 98 L in volume (80 × 35 × 35 cm) and physicochemical parameters were the same for all groups (pH 7.4-8, temperature = 26 ± 1oC, DO = 7 mg.L-1 and total hardness of 190 mg CaCO3). LC10, LC20, LC30, LC40, LC50, LC60, LC70, LC80, LC90 and LC95 of glyphosate were calculated at 24, 48, 72 and 96 hours after adding glyphosate using probit test. Results: Mortality was observed in all treatments which exposed to higher than 50 mL.L-1 after 96 hours. The results showed that 96-hour LC50 of glyphosate for common carp was 92.71 mL.L-1. The fish exposed to different concentrations of glyphosate showed clinical signs such as increased mucus secretion, skin darkening and death with mouth open. Conclusion: Glyphosate disrupts the synthesis of amino acids in plants by inhibiting enzymatic activity of 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase (EPSP). This enzyme is absent in animals. However, glyphosate is toxic for common carp. Keywords: Animals, Herbicides, Glyphosate, Carps, Excitatory postsynaptic potentials

The purpose of the present study was to evaluate acute and chronic effects of CuO-NPs on survival rate and reproductive success of mature guppy (Poecilia reticulata) and their larvae. During the acute toxicity test, mature fish and their larvae were exposed to series of different concentrations of (0, 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40 and 45 mg L−1) CuO-NPs for 96 h and during the chronic phase we exposed mature individuals to 0, 5, 10 mg L−1 of CuO-NPs for 8 weeks. Results showed a significant correlation between mortality rate and CuO-NPs concentrations. Furthermore, the LC50 96 h of CuO-NP for mature and larvae of P. reticulata were 28.354 and 5.649 mg L−1, respectively. Finally, the fish exposed to series of CuO-NP concentrations exhibited various clinical signs such as darkening of skin, anxiety and death with open mouth. Chronic exposure affected reproductive traits of fish, with greatest effects reported in treatment with 10 mg L−1 of CuO-NPs. Those individuals had lowest reproductive success, prolonged parturition time and highest mortality rate. Results highlight toxic potential of CuO-NPs on mature and larvae fish, both increased mortality rate and lower reproductive success, by increasing parturition time and reducing number of larvae.

Background. Temporal variability in fish reproductive features is influenced by environmental and spatial variations. Given the wide distribution of northern pike, Esox lucius Linnaeus, 1758, in the northern hemisphere, important reproductive features such as the initiation of the spawning activity are likely to vary with latitudinal gradients. The overall goal of the presently reported study was to answer basic questions regarding the reproductive biology of the pike and to discuss changes in the timing of the onset of spawning activity in relation to geographical locations and the water temperature in the Anzali Wetland compared to higher latitudes. Materials and methods. Monthly samples (537 specimens in total) were collected from the Anzali Wetland (southwest of the Caspian Sea) from July 2012 through July 2013. Samples were macro- and microscopically examined, and their maturity stages were identified, so that spawning season, monthly distribution of maturity stages, oocytes development, spawning strategy, length at 50% maturity, and fecundity were estimated. Results. The gonadosomatic index, oocyte size-frequency distribution, and histological examination suggested a relatively short spawning season, from February through March. The short annual spawning period and the oocyte size-frequency distribution demonstrated that pike is a total spawner with group synchronous oocyte development. The length at 50% maturity was 28.5 and 33.9 cm FL for males and females, respectively. Absolute fecundity values ranged from 4423 to 48471 oocytes, with mean (± standard error) of 16481 ± 2705 oocytes and the relative fecundity was estimated as 26.9 ± 1.6 oocytes per gram of mature female. Conclusion. The most important findings of this study are: the earlier initiation and relatively shorter duration of the reproductive activities of pike in the south Caspian region compared to northern geographical regions. The results emphasize the need for specific management strategies based on seasonal measures for pike such as: fish size limits, limitation of catches during the spawning season, limitation of the boat number, and closure of the spawning area during spawning months.

The occurrence, abundance and distribution of microplastics (MPs) were studied in sediments and surface waters of the Anzali coastal wetland, southwest of the Caspian Sea. Sediment and surface water samples were taken at 11 and 6 stations in June 2018 and January 2019 respectively. The abundances of MPs in sediment samples were 140–2820 and 113–3690 items/kg dry weight while in surface waters were 0.40–4.41 and 0.19–2.85 items/m3 in June and January respectively. Fiber was the most common shape, followed by fragment and film. Red, black and blue were the most frequent colors. Particles 1–2 mm were the dominant size. SEM/EDS and ATR-FTIR analyses were used to identify MPs. Polypropylene, polyethylene and polyester were the most frequently found polymers. Our results highlighted the widespread dispersion of MPs in Anzali Wetland which in turn might be a pathway of MPs pollution transporter to the adjacent and connected Caspian Sea.

Introduced species may cause harm to native fish populations, which to design any conservative program to control the exotics an identification key is necessary. To find the morphological differences among the exotic Rhinogobius lindbergi and its sympatric congeners including the endemic Ponticla iranicus and the native Ponticla gorlap, a 15-landmark morphometric system was used to examine 90 specimens in Sefid River, in the Southern Caspian Sea basin. Univariate analysis of variance showed significant differences among the means of the three groups for 79 out of 105 standardized morphometric measurements. Principal component analysis (PCA) and canonical variates analysis (CVA) confirmed the statistically significant difference among these species. The CVA scatter plot showed that the 90 studied specimens grouped into three distinct areas with a degree of overlap between P. iranicus and P. gorlap. Clustering based on Euclidean distances among the groups of centroids using an UPGMA indicated segregation of the three species into two distinct clusters: P. iranicus and P. gorlap in one group and R. lindbergi in the other group. The exotic Rhinogobius can be distinguished from the sympatric gobies in Sefid River by short snout (vs. longer), deep body (vs. shallow), deeper head, stout body, and smaller ventral disc.

The Anzali wetland is located in the southwest of the Caspian Sea. A total of 86 European catfish, Silurus glanis L., 1758 , were collected between April and July 2012 in this wetland. After recording biometric characteristics, common necropsy and parasitology methods were used. In the present study, a total of 17,214 individuals of 14 parasite species were recovered from European catfish. Parasitofauna consisted of two protozoans: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Trichodina sp.; two nematodes: Raphidascaris acus and Eustrongylides excisus larvae; one acanthocephalan: Acanthocephalus lucii ; three cestodes: Silurotaenia siluri , Proteocephalus osculatus and Bothriocephalus sp. larvae; two digenean trematodes: Orientocreadium siluri and Diplostomum spathaceum ; two monogenean trematodes: Silurodiscoides vistulensis and Silurodiscoides siluri ; and two crustaceans: copepodid stage of Lernaea cyprinacea and Argulus foliaceus . The occurrence of R. acus, I. multifiliis , Trichodina sp., Silurotaenia siluri , A. lucii , A. foliaceus in S. glanis has been reported for the first time in Iran.

Although there exists a large body of knowledge on the ecology, physiology, and nutrition of great sturgeon, time–place learning has thus far not been examined in this species and other sturgeons. The aim of the present study is to evaluate whether individual or grouped juvenile great sturgeons are able to associate time and place of food delivery when examined under light and dark conditions. During a 30-day period, food was made available to the sturgeons twice a day or twice a night, in the first time in one side of the tank and in the second time in the opposite side of the tank. Food was withheld on test days to assess time–place learning by the fish. The results of the present study indicate that, at both the group and individual levels, great sturgeons are not able to clearly demonstrate time–place learning under the conditions examined.

Danube bleak Alburnus chalcoides (Guldenstadt, 1772) is a commercially important fish species in the southern part of the Caspian Sea. However, little is known about the concentrations of trace element (TE) in its muscles. To address the issue, we caught 77 A. chalcoides specimens at three different fishing regions (including Astara, Anzali, Kiashahr) of the southern shoreline of the Caspian Sea from September 2017 through June 2018. An inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) was used to measure element concentrations in fish muscle and liver tissues. In the case of liver, 27 elements were detected. So that, 9 elements including Ag, Ba, Be, Ce, Co, Sc, U, V and Y which were not detected in liver. In the case of muscle tissue, 22 elements were detected and 14 elements including Ag, Ba, Be, Bi, Cd, Ce, Co, La, Li, Sc, U, V, W and Y. The element values in the muscle of A. chalcoides were significantly lower (p

With the increasing availability of location-based services, location-based social networks and smart phones, standard rating schema of recommender systems that involve user and item dimensions is extended to three-dimensional (3-D) schema involving context information. Although there are models proposed for dealing with data in this form, the problem of combining it with additional features and constructing a general model suitable for different forms of recommendation system techniques has not been fully explored. This work proposes a technique to reduce 3-D rating data into 2-D for two reasons: employing already developed efficient methods for 2-D on a 3-D data and expanding it with additional features, which are usually 2-D also, if it is necessary. Our experiments show that this reduction is effective. The proposed 2-D model supports content-based, collaborative filtering and hybrid recommendation approaches effectively, whereas we have achieved the best accuracy results for pure collaborative filtering recommendation model. Since our method was built on efficient singular value decomposition-based dimension reduction idea, it also works very efficiently, and in our experiments, we have obtained better run-time results than standard methods developed for 3-D data using higher-order singular value decomposition.

Amirkelayeh international wetland with a surface area of 1,230 hectares and fifteen fish species is an important water resource in the southern part of the Caspian Sea. There is few reports on fish parasites of this area. In the present study, a total of 80 Wels catfish, Silurus glanis, were collected from April through July 2011. After recording biometric characteristics, common necropsy and parasitology methods were used. In the present study, a total of 441 individuals of seven parasite species consisting of one nematode: Raphidascaroides sp., one cestode: Triaenophorus crassus, two digenean trematodes: Aphanurus stossichi and Diplostomum spathaceum, two monogenean trematodes: Silurodiscoides vistulensis and Silurodiscoides siluri, and one crustacean: copepodid stage of Lernaea cyprinacea was found in the catfish. The occurrence of copepodid stage of L. cyprinacea, Raphidascaroides sp. and T. crassus are reported for the first time from S. glanis in Iran.

The Anzali wetland is located in the southwest of the Caspian Sea. A total of 86 European catfish, Silurus glanis L., 1758, were collected between April and July 2012 in this wetland. After recording biometric characteristics, common necropsy and parasitology methods were used. In the presentstudy, a total of 17,214 individuals of 14 parasite species were recovered from European catfish. Parasitofauna consisted of two protozoans: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis and Trichodina sp.; two nematodes: Raphidascarisacus and Eustrongylides excisus larvae; one acanthocephalan: Acanthocephalus lucii; three cestodes: Silurotaenia siluri, Proteocephalus osculatus and Bothriocephalus sp. larvae; two digenean trematodes: Orientocreadiumsiluri and Diplostomum spathaceum; two monogenean trematodes: Silurodiscoides vistulensis and Silurodiscoides siluri; and two crustaceans: copepodid stage of Lernaea cyprinacea and Argulus foliaceus. The occurrence of R. acus, I. multifiliis, Trichodina sp., Silurotaenia siluri, A. lucii, A. foliaceus in S. glanis has been reported for the first time in Iran., Močvara Anzali nalazi se u jugozapadnom dijelu Kaspijskog jezera. U razdoblju od travnja do srpnja 2012. godine u tom je području sakupljeno ukupno 86 europskih somova Silurusglanis L., 1758. Nakon snimanja biometrijskih karakteristika, korištene su uobičajene metode nekropsije i parazitologije. Kod europskog soma ukupno je otkriveno 17 214 jedinki iz 14 vrsta parazita. Parazitofauna se sastojala od dvije protozoe: Ichthyophthirius multifiliis i Trichodina sp.; dvije nematode: Raphidascaris acus i ličinke Eustrongylides excisus; jednog akantocefala: Acanthocephalus lucii; tri cestode: Silurotaenia siluri, Proteocephalus osculatus i ličinke Bothriocephalus sp.; dva dvorodna metilja (trematoda): Orientocreadium siluri iDiplostomum spathaceum; dva jednorodna metilja (trematoda): Silurodiscoides vistulensis i Silurodiscoides siluri; i dva račića: kopepodni račić Lernaea cyprinacea i Argulus foliaceus. Pojava R. acus, I. multifiliis, Trichodina sp., Silurotaenia siluri, A. lucii, A. foliaceus u S. Glanis prvi je put zabilježena u Iranu.

The demographic variables of pike (Esox lucius ) were studied at the southern edge of the species' distribution in the Anzali Wetland, south-western Caspian Sea. The main aim was to provide data for the assessment of the stock and to explore possible fisheries management measures such as setting minimum landing size based on length-at-maturity. Pike collected from commercial landings ranged from 15.4 to 75.4 cm in fork length (FL), from 52.9 to 3462.5 g in weight and were between 0 and 8 years old. Von Bertalanffy growth function parameters were L∞ = 90.6 cm FL, k = 0.12 yr−1 and t 0 = −1.74 yr−1 . Male pike matured at 1–2 years with L 50 of 28.6 cm FL, whereas females matured at 2–3 years with a L 50 of 33.9 cm FL. Instantaneous total mortality (Z ) was estimated as 0.93 yr−1 , while fishing mortality (F ) was estimated to be 0.66 yr−1 . Yield-per-recruit analysis indicated that pike in the Anzali Wetland seems to be growth-overfished under the current fishing regime with no management measures, and substantial increases in yield could be achieved by increasing the length at first harvest. The results indicated that management actions such as enforced legislation are required to obtain a better stock status and higher yield. Management could be more effective if the number of fishers and their catch could be controlled, e.g., through the allocation of fishing licenses.

Members of the Cobitidae family are not economically important, thus few studies have been made on their parasitology and there is not a single report on their parasites in Iran. In the present study, a total of 225 individuals of Cobitis faridpaki were collected from the Babolrud River around the southeast of the Caspian Sea basin (Mazandaran province, north of Iran) on 12 separate occasions between May 2009 and April 2010. After recording biometric characteristics, common necropsy and parasitology methods were used. In this study, a total of 193 individuals of an acanthocephalan parasite, Neoechinorhynchus rutili were found in C. faridpaki. The prevalence, mean intensity of infection ± standard deviation (SD), range and mean abundance ± SD of the parasite are as follows, respectively: 63.11, 1.36±0.61, 1-4 and 0.86±0.82. The prevalence, mean intensity of infection and abundance of N. rutili were significantly different in various age classes, but it was not the case for different seasons and the sexes. The occurrence of N. rutili is reported for the first time from C. faridpaki in Iran., Vrste iz porodice Cobitidae nisu gospodarski važne, o čemu svjedoči tek nekolicina studija o njihovoj parazitologiji i nedostatak bilo kakvog izvješća o njihovim parazitima u Iranu. U ovom je istraživanju prikupljeno ukupno 225 jedinki Cobitis faridpaki iz rijeke Babolrud u jugoistočnom dijelu Kaspijskog jezera (pokrajina Mazandaran u sjevernom Iranu) tijekom 12 navrata od svibnja 2009. do travnja 2010. godine. Nakon bilježenja biometrijskih karakteristika, primijenjene su uobičajene metode autopsije i parazitologije. U ovom je istraživanju pronađeno ukupno 193 primjeraka parazita akantocefala (Neoechinorhynchus rutili) kod vrste C. faridpaki. Učestalost, srednji intenzitet zaraze ± standardno odstupanje (SD), raspon i srednja brojnost ± SD su iznosili 63,11, 1,36±0,61, 1-4, odnosno 0,86±0,82. Učestalost, srednji intenzitet zaraze i brojnost N. rutili bili su znatno drugačiji u različitim dobnim skupinama, ali ne i za različita doba godine i spolove. Pojava N. rutili prvi put je zabilježena kod vrste C. faridpaki u Iranu.

This study was designed to determine the effect of dietary vitamin E on growth, some hematological and immunological parameters and muscle proximate analysis of beluga Huso huso . Experimental fish were fed practical diets supplemented with 0, 25, 50, 100, 200 and 400 mg Dl-all-rac-α-tocopherol acetate kg diet −1 for 8 weeks. 360 fish (mean initial weight 49.7 ± 0.1 g) were distributed into eighteen 785 L circular concrete tanks and each diet was fed to triplicate groups of fish. At the end of experiment (8 weeks), growth parameters such as final weight (FW), weight gain (WG), total length (TL), feed conversion ratio (FCR), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), condition factor (CF), hepatosomatic index (HSI), muscle composition, and some physiological indicators, including hematological and immunological parameters, such as hematocrit (Hct), total leukocyte count (WBC), lymphocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil and monocyte, cortisol, glucose, erythrocyte fragility, lysozyme and complement activity were determined. FW, WG, SGR, PER and CF in fish fed unsupplemented vitamin E were significantly lower than those fish fed the other five diets. However FW and PER in fish fed control diet had not significant differences with fish fed at 400 mg kg −1 . FCR were significantly higher in fish fed control diet than other groups. TL and survival rate had no significant differences among fish groups. HSI in fish fed 0 and 25 mg vitamin E kg diet −1 were significantly lower than the other treatments. Muscle composition analysis showed no significant differences among the treatments. Erythrocyte fragility, Hct, WBC, lymphocyte, neutrophil, eosinophil and monocyte, lysozyme and complement activities were not significant. Also cortisol and glucose concentrations had not significant differences between treatments. Results indicated that vitamin E had no significantly effect on muscle proximate analysis, hematological and immunological parameters of sub-yearling beluga but has a direct effect on growth performance of beluga sturgeon and this vitamin is an essential nutrient required for normal growth in this species.

In this paper, we propose a new model to integrate additional data, which is obtained from geospatial resources other than original data set in order to improve Location/Activity recommendations. The data set that is used in this work is a GPS trajectory of some users, which is gathered over 2 years. In order to have more accurate predictions and recommendations, we present a model that injects additional information to the main data set and we aim to apply a mathematical method on the merged data. On the merged data set, singular value decomposition technique is applied to extract latent relations. Several tests have been conducted, and the results of our proposed method are compared with a similar work for the same data set.