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The aim of this study was to compare the digestion of milk proteins from deer and cow milk using in vitro digestion and to quantify the production of peptides using the O-phthaldialdehyde assay. Deer milk contained on average 8.8 ± 0.13% protein which is twice the levels found in cow milk (4.1 ± 0.02%). Deer and cow milk were digested in two steps; imitating both the human stomach (Pepsin, pH 2.5, 30 min) and the duodenum (Corolase PP, pH 7.5, 30 min). The degradation patterns of the milk proteins were visualized by SDS-PAGE and quantified using ImageJ software. Peptide production was significantly higher in deer milk than cow milk (P< 0.05). The commercial proteolytic enzymes degraded milk protein from deer more rapidly than those from cow. Deer casein was completely digested at 40 min of digestion (10 min into duodenum digestion) where as 14% of the casein was still present in cow milk. The digestibility of α-lactalbumin and immunoglobulin were also higher in deer milk than cow milk. However, β-lactoglobulin from both species appeared to be resistant to both gastric and duodenal digestion. This study shows that deer milk proteins were more digestible and produced more peptides than protein from cow milk. The bioactive functions of deer peptides are currently under investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three UK bred Border collie puppies were presented for investigation of pyrexia and severe lameness with associated joint swelling. Investigations revealed neutropenia, radiographic findings suggesting metaphyseal osteopathy, and polyarthritis and all dogs were subsequently confirmed with trapped neutrophil syndrome. Clinical improvement was seen after treatment with prednisolone and antibiotics and the dogs all survived to adulthood with a good short- to medium-term outcome. Trapped neutrophil syndrome is an important differential diagnosis for young Border collie dogs in the UK presenting with pyrexia, neutropenia and musculoskeletal signs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The objective of this retrospective study was to evaluate the outcome of dogs when grade II mast cell tumour (MCT) with low mitotic index (MI) and high Ki67 were treated with adjuvant lomustine., Animals: Client owned dogs with spontaneously occurring disease treated with adjuvant chemotherapy for grade II mast cell tumour with low MI (≤5/10HPF) and high Ki67 (>1.8%) with no evidence of metastatic disease at presentation., Procedures: Lomustine was administered every 3 weeks with three or four planned cycles. Response to treatment was assessed by regular re-staging ultrasound with or without cytopathological examination of liver and spleen or through medical records from the referring veterinarian. Disease-free interval (DFI) and median survival time (MST) were calculated using Kaplan-Meier method., Results: Twenty-one dogs were included. All dogs underwent surgical excision and two dogs received adjuvant radiotherapy. None of the patients developed local recurrence. Three dogs (14.3%) developed metastatic disease. The DFI of these dogs was 141, 186 and 223 days. Median follow-up period of the whole study population was 1112 days (358-2619). MST for patients with metastatic disease was 417 days. MST of the whole group was not reached. One-year and 2-year survivals were 95.2% and 90.5%, respectively., Conclusions and Clinical Relevance: This study population had low rates of tumour recurrence and improved survival compared to previously published data of similar population of dogs with low MI/high Ki67 MCT without adjuvant chemotherapy., (© 2021 Australian Veterinary Association.)

Background: The unique and complex vascular and endovascular theatre environment is associated with significant risks of patient harm and procedural inefficiency. Accurate evaluation is crucial to improve quality. This pilot study attempted to design a valid, reproducible tool for observers and teams to identify and categorise errors., Methods: Relevant published literature and previously collected ethnographic field notes from over 250 h of arterial surgery were analysed. A comprehensive log of vascular procedural errors was compiled and twelve vascular experts graded each error for the potential to disrupt procedural flow and cause harm. Using this multimodal approach, the Imperial College Error CAPture (ICECAP) tool was developed. The tool was validated during 21 consecutive arterial cases (52 h operating-time) as an observer-led error capture record and as a prompt for surgical teams to determine the feasibility of error self-reporting., Results: Six primary categories (communication, equipment, procedure independent pressures, technical, safety awareness and patient related) and 20 error sub-categories were determined as the most frequent and important vascular procedural errors. Using the ICECAP, the number of errors detected correlated well between two observers (Spearman rho = 0.984, p < 0.001). Both observers identified all moderate or severe errors similarly and categorised all but 4/139 (2.9%) of the total errors in an identical fashion. Self-reporting of errors without prompting identified a mean of 24.4% (range 0-50%) of all recorded errors, whereas surgical teams reported a mean of 69.7% (range 50-100%) of errors when ICECAP error-category prompts were used., Conclusion: The ICECAP tool may be useful for capturing and categorising errors that occur during vascular/endovascular procedures. ICECAP may also have a role as an error recall prompt for self-reporting purposes by vascular surgical teams., (Copyright © 2012 European Society for Vascular Surgery. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)