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Background: Dental age estimation plays a vital role in today's medical world. There are various methods for determining the approximate age of a person. Dental age estimation seen from the growth of the teeth can be measured by looking at the clinical condition of the individual's oral cavity or through panoramic photos. There are many studies related to the estimation of individual age through the teeth but not yet in children with Down Syndrome.Purpose:The purpose of this study was to analyze the differences in the dental estimated ages of Down syndrome children using the Schour-Massler and the Blenkin-Taylor method in Jember Region. Material andMethods: The research was cross-sectional. The research subjects were people with Down Syndrome 10-17 years old and taking panoramic photos. Calculating dental age using the method of Schour- Massler and Blenkin-Taylor by 3 observers. Data analysis using Kolmogorov Smirnov and Paired T-Test. Results:The mean difference between the age of the sample and the age of the teeth in the Schour -Massler method is 2.0-3.1 years and the difference between the age of the sample and the age of the teeth in the Blenkin-Taylor method is 1.6-3.2 years. Conclusion:There was a delay in the teeth age, especially in Down Syndrome children using both the Schour-Massler measurement method and the Blenkin-Taylor method.

The ovaries represent the female reproductive organs that determine the women's fertility status and their systemic and oral health, correlating to sex steroid hormone alteration. This study aimed to investigate the effect of cassava leaves extract treatment to SOD expression in the animal model-ovaries after Porphyromonas gingivalis injection. 15 female Sprague Dawley rats were used and divided into five groups: (1) control without cassava leaves extract treatment (C); (2) P. gingivalis without cassava leaves extract treatment (T1); (3) P. gingivalis and cassava leaves extract (T2); (4) P. gingivalis and vitamin C (T3); and (5) P. gingivalis and metronidazole (T4). Animal were euthanised at day seven after the initial treatment to collect ovaries. The ovaries sections were immunohistochemically stained to quantify SOD expression using light microscope while the Image J software was used to quantify the SOD expression. The results showed that all of the follicle types had the same intensity of SOD expression. Most of the follicles exhibited low intensity of SOD expression, except for atretic follicles. In conclusion, P. gingivalis and cassava leaves extract influenced SOD expression in the ovaries of animal models, which increased the SOD expression.

Accurate personal identification is important in investigations because an error in the identification process may bring fatal consequences during trial. The most common identification process is the Deoxyribonucleic acid [DNA] analysis. Degraded DNA sample due to extremely high-temperature exposure may limit DNA analysis. This study aimed to analyze DNA damage patterns caused by an extremely high temperature using STR (short tandem repeat) CODIS marker. This study was conducted at the Forensic and Medicolegal Department, Laboratorium Balai Besar Kesehatan Surabaya, Ministry of Health of the Republic of Indonesia, Human Genetic Study Group of Universitas Airlangga, and Faculty of Science and Technology of Universitas Brawijaya Malang from July until October 2009. Results of PCR visualization using STR CODIS for costae demonstrated that the THO1 detection (+) in 1,250 0 C - 40’: 25% and the TPOX detection (+) in 1,000 0 C - 30’: 50% whereas the results from molar teeth showed that the THOI locus detection (+) in 1,250 0 C - 30’: 25% and TPOX in 1,000 0 C - 40’: 50%. Results for PCR visualization using mini-STR CODIS for the costae presented that the mini-THOI in 1,250 0 C - 20’: 50% (+) while for the molar tooth the mini-THOI in 1,250 0 C - 30’ : 25% (+) and mini-TPOX in 1,000 0 C - 40’ : 50% (+). All loci were detected on costae and second molar teeth samples of the control group. Thus, extreme high-temperature exposure significantly decreased the DNA level of second costae and second molar tooth. Sequence patterns of STR loci successfully detected were TPOX, THO1, and CSF1PO. Kerusakan DNA Inti Karena Paparan Suhu Tinggi Selama Proses Identifikasi Forensik Identifikasi melalui DNA secara tepat penting dalam penyelidikan karena kesalahan akan berakibat fatal selama proses persidangan. Salah satu keterbatasan adalah DNA yang terdegradasi karena paparan suhu yang sangat tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis pola kerusakan DNA akibat suhu sangat tinggi menggunakan penanda CODIS STR (s hort tandem repeat ). Penelitian dilakukan di Instalasi Kedokteran Forensik, Laboratorium Kemenkes, Human Genetic Study Group, dan Universitas Brawijaya Malang pada periode Juli sampai Oktober 2009. Visualisasi PCR menggunakan STR CODIS untuk costae adalah sebagai berikut: deteksi THO1 (+) pada 1250 0 C - 40’: 25%, deteksi TPOX (+) pada 1000 0 C - 30’: 50%, sedangkan hasil dari gigi molar adalah sebagai berikut: THOI locus detection (+) di 1250 0 C - 30’: 25% dan TPOX di 1000 0 C - 40’: 50%. Hasil visualisasi PCR menggunakan mini-STR CODIS untuk costae adalah sebagai berikut: mini-THOI pada 1250 0 C - 20’: 50% (+) dan untuk gigi molar: mini-THOI pada 12500C-30': 25% (+ ) dan mini-TPOX di 1000 0 C - 40’ : 50% (+). Semua lokus terdeteksi pada kelompok kontrol pada sampel costae dan gigi molar kedua. Kesimpulannya, paparan suhu tinggi yang ekstrim secara signifikan menurunkan tingkat DNA kosta dan gigi molar kedua.

There are several methods of analizing tooth size discrepancy in orthodontics include prediction methods for mixed dentition. Prediction method of Moyers and Sitepu most commonly used although both were obtained from 2 different races, Caucasian and Deutromelayu. Yemeni ethnic is one of the ethnic groups settled in Indonesia which descendants of the Caucasian race. The aim of the study was to observed the suitable prediction table for Yemeni ethnic. It was an observasional analitics study consist of 40 samples with cross sectional design. The results showed that slight difference for prediction of Moyers on the maxilla (1.02) and prediction of Sitepu on the mandibula (0.11). As conclusion, the most suitable predicition method for Yemeni ethnic is Moyers’s method for maxila and sitepu’s method for mandibula. Key words: mesiodistal width permanen teeth, Moyers method, Sitepu method, Yemeni Etnic

Background: Down Syndrome is a genetic disorder that occurs because of chromosome 21 has three chromosome (trisomy 21). The extra chromosome changes the genetic balance, physical characteristic, intellectual abilities, and physiological body function. Tooth eruption in Down Syndrome children typically delayed in both the timing and sequence of eruption up to two or three years. Objective: To observe the permanent teeth eruption in Down syndrome children at age 10-16 years old, boys and girls in Special Needs School in Jember. Materials and Methods: This research was a descriptive study with 7 subjects. Each subject was examined then calculated teeth that had emerged or functionally eruption with articualting paper. Result and Conclusion: Both permanent teeth that is still partially erupted tooth (emerged/ EM) and had erupted perfectly (functionally eruption/ FE) delayed in eruption in Down Syndrome boys and girls at age 10-16 years old.

Mass disaster often happened in Indonesia. Sex identification is one of the important things for determining the identity of the victims. Sex can be identified based on the size of the teeth. The study determine the differences of maxillary first molar and mandibular caninus tooth size between male and female student in Faculty of Dentistry University of Jember. The sample of this study consisted of 34 tooth models of female and 6 tooth models of male that measured in mesiodistal and bucolingual width of maxillary first molar and mandibular caninus with a digital caliper. Data were analyzed using Independent T-test. There were significant differences (p ≤ 0,05) of maxillary first molar and mandibular caninus size between male and female. Mesiodistal and bucolingual width of maxillary first molar respectively are 10.64 mm, 11.90 mm in males, and 10.16 mm, 11.16 mm in females. The mesiodistal and bucolingual width of mandibular caninus are 7.13 mm, 7.85 mm in males, and 6.66 mm, 7.08 mm in females. It can be concluded that there was a difference in size of maxillary first molar and mandibular caninus between male and female. Keywords: sex identification, masiodistal width, bucolingual width, maxillary first molar, mandibular caninus