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The genus Aleyroctonus Masner & Huggert is revised. Aleyroctonus pilatus Masner & Huggert is redescribed, and two species are described as new: A. miasmus Lahey & Polaszek, sp. nov. (Australia) and A. stanslyi Lahey & Polaszek, sp. nov. (Australia). We consider Aleyroctonus to be most closely related to a complex of three morphologically similar genera: Aphanomerus Perkins, Austromerus Masner & Huggert, and Helava Masner & Huggert. Aleyroctonus is diagnosed from other genera of Sceliotrachelinae and a key is provided to the platygastrid genera of the Aphanomerus-cluster.

Mikó, István, Trietsch, Carolyn, Kamp, Thomas van de, Masner, Lubomír, Ulmer, Jonah M., Yoder, Matthew Jon, Zuber, Marcus, Sandall, Emily L., Baumbach, Tilo, Deans, Andrew R. (2018): Revision of Trassedia (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae), an Evolutionary Relict With an Unusual Distribution. Insect Systematics and Diversity (AIFB) 2 (6), No. 4: 1-29, DOI: 10.1093/isd/ixy015, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/isd/ixy015

Trassedia Cancemi 1996 Figs. 3–15, Supp. 3D pdf, and Supp. 3D video. Diagnosis Trassedia differs from all other Ceraphronoidea in the following traits: first valvifer is subdivided into two, articulating sclerites. Hind tarsus is enlarged relative to the middle and fore tarsi (hind tarsal claw more than 2× as long as lengths of middle and fore claws). Dorsal margin of S7 tapers medially, locking tip of terebra. Presence of two ovoid, concave areas on each side of the posterior 13 of S7, resembling a chisel. Presence of medially-continuous dorsal carina of occipital depression. Description Foveolate sculpture on body count: absent. Head: Dorsal carina of occipital depression count: present. Dorsal carina of occipital depression medial continuity: continuous medially. Occipital carina sculpture: crenulate. Median flange of occipital carina count: absent. Submedial flange of occipital carina count: absent. Preoccipital lunula count: absent. Preoccipital ridge count: present. Preoccipital furrow count: present. Preoccipital carina count: absent. Postocellar carina count: absent. Randomly sized areolae around setal pits on upper face count: absent. Antennal scrobe count: present. Ocular impression and postocular orbital carina count: present. Transverse scutes on upper face count: present. Region on upper face width transverse scutes lateral limit: extending entire with of frons. Transverse frontal carina count: absent. Frontal ledge count: absent. Rugose region on upper face count: absent. Facial pit count: no external corresponding structure present. White, thick setae on upper face count: absent. Ventromedian setiferous patch and ventrolateral setiferous patch count: absent. Intertorular carina count: present. Median process on intertorular carina count: absent. Intertorular ridge versus epistomal ridge: separated. Intertorular area count: absent. Torulus position relative to anterior ocellus and distal margin of clypeus: torulus reaching epistomal sulcus. Torulo-clypeal carina count: absent. Subtorular carina count: absent. Subantennal groove structure: absent. Posterolateral process of gena count: absent. Median conjunctiva of cardines count (median fusion of left and right cardines): absent (cardines are fused). Maxillary palpomeres count: 4. Mandibular tooth count: 2. Mandibular lancea count: absent. Antenna: Male flagellomere branches count: none. Male flagellomeres shape: cylindric. Multiporous plates on male flagellomeres count: absent. Female flagellomere number: 9. Mesosoma: Transverse pronotal sulcus (anterodorsal branch of pronotal Y) count: present. Epomial carina count: present. Posterodorsal branch of pronotal Y count: present. Occlusor muscle apodeme for the occlusor muscle of the anterior thoracic spiracle count: present. Occlusor muscle apodeme for the anterior thoracic spiracle structure: reduced, knob-like. Atrium of anterior mesothoracic spiracle count: present. Atrium of the anterior thoracic spiracle size: as wide as distal trachea. Ventrolateral invagination of the pronotum count: present. Lateroventral invagination of the propleuron count: absent. Mesonotum anterolateral margin shape: square. Median mesoscutal sulcus count: present. Notaulus posterior end location: anterior to transverse midline of mesoscutum. Transscutal articulation completeness: complete.Lateral carina on the mesoscutellum count: absent. Axillular carina count: absent. Axillular setae count: present. Posterolateral margin of mesoscutellum shape: blunt. Posteromedian process of the mesoscutellum count: absent. Anteromedian projection of the metanoto-propodeo-metapecto-mesopectal complex count: absent. Sternaulus length: short, not reaching 1/2 of mesopleuron length at level of sternaulus. Speculum ventral limit: extending ventrally of pleural pit line. Mesometapleural sulcus count: present. Ventral invagination of mesometapleural sulcus count: absent. Epicnemial pit count: absent. Mesodiscrimen count: present. Metapleural carina count: present. Metapleural carina versus propodeal spiracle: metapleural carina extending ventrally of propodeal spiracle. Ventral projection of the metapleural carina count: absent. Ventral invagination of the metapleural carina count: absent. Lateral propodeal carina count: present. Lateral propodeal carina shape: inverted ‘Y’ (left and right lateral propodeal are adjacent medially posterior to antecostal sulcus of the first abdominal tergum, and connected to the antecostal sulcus by a median carina representing the median branch of the inverted ‘Y’). Median propodeal carina count: present. Posterior propodeal projection count: absent. Propodeal and metacoxal verricules count: absent. Posterior line of the posterodorsal metapectal area count: present. Mesofurca versus metadiscrimenal lamella continuity: fused. Transverse line of the metanotum-propodeum versus antecostal sulcus of the first abdominal tergum: adjacent sublaterally. Metapecto-propodeal conjunctiva count: present. Posterior margin of nucha in dorsal view shape: straight. Mesosomal muscles: Anterior mesothoracic spiracle occlusor muscle site of origin: from oma. Pronoto-mesobasalar muscle site origin: from the wall of the pronotum. Pronoto-procoxal muscle origin: site of origin extends posteroventrally of the anterior thoracic spiracle along the posterior pronotal inflection. Prophragmo-postoccipital muscle site of origin: partly from the posterior surface of the prophragma, partly from the lateral mesoscutal area. Mesonoto-mesotrochanteral muscle count: present. Posterior mesonoto-metanotal muscle site of origin anterior limit: anterior limit not exceed midline of mesoscutellum. Second and third mesopleuro-third axillary sclerite of forewing muscle site of origin: reaching the lateral margin of the metacoxa. Mesopleuromesocoxal muscle site of origin: exclusively from the mesopleural apodeme. Mesofurco-mesotrochanteral muscle count: present. Mesofurco-mesotrochanteral muscle relative position: medial to mesonoto-mesotrochanteral muscles. Mesofurco-mesotrochanteral muscle site of insertion: muscle inserts ventrally of the site of origin of the mesonoto-mesotrochanteral muscles. Wings: Stigmal vein of forewing count: present. Pterostigma of forewing count: present. Hind wing reduction: well developed. Legs: Hind tarsus length versus fore and mid tarsi length: hind tarsus two times as long as fore and mid tarsi. Calcar shape: simple. Comb on the ventral surface of calcar count: present. Mesotibial spur count: 1. Mesobasicoxa width versus metabasicoxa width: metabasicoxa distinctly wider than mesobasicoxa. Posterior mesosomal comb count: absent. Metasoma: Transverse carina of petiole count: present. Transverse carina on petiole shape: straight. Basal, longitudinal carinae on syntergum count: more than 5. S1 length versus shortest width: S1 wider than long. Transverse sulcus of first metasomal sternum count (S1 count): absent. Waterston’s evaporatorium count: present. Waterstons evaporatorium shape medially female: median unsculptured area present. Acrotergal calyx of Waterston’s evaporatorium count: acrotergal calyx absent. Male genitalia: Median conjunctiva of male T9 count: absent. Row of short setae delimiting apical, cercus bearing area of male T9: present. Male T10 shape: not folded medially along median weakly sclerotized line. Median part of male S8 structure: not constricted medially, distal margin concave. Proximal margin part of male S9 shape: concave. Distodorsal margin of cupula shape: straight. Cupula length versus gonostyle-volsella complex length: cupula less than 1/2 the length of gonostyle-volsella complex in lateral view. Proximodorsal inflection of cupulal margin count: absent. Proximodorsal notch of cupula count: present. Proximodorsal notch of cupula width versus length: wider than long. Ventral part of cupula shape: Cupula ventromedially is extended more proximally than dorsomedially. Dorsal submedian impression of cupula count: absent. Distoventral submedian corner of the cupula count: absent. Proximodorsal notch of cupula shape: arched; notched. Proximodorsal apodeme of cupula count: absent. Proximoventral margin of gonostyle/volsella complex shape: convex, pointed proximally. Dorsomedian conjunctiva of the gonostyle/volsella complex count: absent. Gonostyle-volsella complex proximoventrally continuity: discontinuous, ventromedian conjunctiva of gonostyle-volsella complex complete, reaching proximal margin of gonostyle-volsella complex. Gonostyle/volsella complex dorsally continuity: continuous, dorsomedian conjunctiva of gonostyle incomplete, not reaching proximal or distal margins of gonostyle. Medioventral area of gonostyle/volsella complex orientation: horizontal. Distodorsal submedian notch of gonostyle/volsella complex count: absent. Medioventral conjunctiva of the gonostyle-volsella complex count (fusion of parossiculi): medioventral conjunctiva present (parossiculi independent or fused proximally). Parossiculus count (parossiculus and gonostipes fusion): absent (fused with the gonostipes). Apical parossiculal seta number: one. Distal projection of the parossiculus count: absent. Digital teeth orientation: dorsally. Penisvalva proximal region curvature: curved ventrally; curved dorsally. Dorsal apodeme of penisvalva count: absent. Distal projection of the penisvalva count: absent. Ventromedian apodeme of aedeagus count: absent. Distal part of aedeagus and gonostyle continuity: not continuous. Sensillar plate of the aedeagus shape: distinctly less than half as wide as the male genitalia. Harpe: count: present. Harpe length: harpe shorter than gonostipes in lateral view. Proximomedial brush of the harpe count: absent. Distoventral seta bearing projection of the harpe count: absent. Proximodorsal projection of harpe accommodating the gonossiculus count: absent. Proximomedial apodeme of harpe count: present; absent. Mediolateral S9-cupulal muscle site of origin: laterally from anterolateral corner of S9. Lateral S9-cupulal muscle subdivision: subdivided, lateral band inserts on the lateral margin of the cupula, distinctly separated from the site of origin of the median band.Dorsolateral cupulo-gonostipal muscle count: present. Ventrolateral cupulo-gonostipal muscle count: present. Ventromedial cupulo-gonostyle muscle count: absent. Lateral gonostyle-penisvalva muscle count: absent. Penisvalvo-gonossiculal muscle count: present. Gonostipo-parossiculal muscle count: absent. Gonostyle/volsella complex-volsella muscle site of insertion:gonossiculus. Medial intrinsic muscle of the volsella count: absent. Parossiculo-penisvalval muscle count: absent. Proximal gonostipo-harpal muscle count: present. Distal gonostipo-harpal muscle count: present. Proximal gonostipo-harpal muscle site of origin: distodorsally from the gonostyle volsella complex. Distal gonostipo-harpal muscle site of origin: at least partly from proximolateral margin part of harpe. Ovipositor: Posterior margin of first valvifer shape: concave. Transvalvifer conjunctiva count: present (first valvifer is subdivided into two sclerites). Anterior flange of the first valvifer count: absent. Basal line of the second valvifer sharpness: sharp. Length of dorsal projection of second valvifer in lateral view versus length of anterior area of second valvifer in lateral view: dorsal projection longer than anterior area. Anterior section of dorsal flange of the second valvifer sharpness: sharp. Venom gland reservoir of the second valvifer count: present. Distal region of first valvula shape: tapered. Annuli on dorsal valve count: absent. Site of attachment of ventral T9-second valvifer muscle on interarticular ridge count: absent. First valvifer-genital membrane muscle site of origin: medial surface of the dorsal sclerite of the first valvifer. Posterior second valvifer-second valvula muscle site of insertion on second valvifer: on the medial side of the posterior area of the second valvifer and the anterior area of the second valvifer., Published as part of Mikó, István, Trietsch, Carolyn, Kamp, Thomas van de, Masner, Lubomír, Ulmer, Jonah M., Yoder, Matthew Jon, Zuber, Marcus, Sandall, Emily L., Baumbach, Tilo & Deans, Andrew R., 2018, Revision of Trassedia (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae), an Evolutionary Relict With an Unusual Distribution, pp. 1-29 in Insect Systematics and Diversity (AIFB) (AIFB) 2 (6) on pages 3-4, DOI: 10.1093/isd/ixy015, http://zenodo.org/record/7168382

Trassedia yanegai Mikó and Trietsch sp. nov. (Zoobank LSID: urn:lsid:zoobank. org:act: 53D5E575-4ED3-4146-A7F2-19ECF032846E) Diagnosis Trassedia yanegai shares the short setae on the dorsal region of the cranium (shorter than the diameter of the median ocellus; Fig. 3C and D), the reduced anterior ocellar fovea that does not extend to the antennal scrobe (Fig. 3C and D), the punctate ocular impression along the inner orbit (io: Fig. 3C and D) and a wide Waterston’s evaporatorium that reaches the lateral 13 of the tergite (wop: Fig. 4A and B) with T. luapi and T. australiensis. Trassedia yanegai differs from these species in the lack of the notaulus, the lack of scutes on the vertex, the anteriorly gradually widening preoccipital sulcus (pof: Fig. 3C), the foveolate sternaulus (ster: Fig. 5C) and the large eyes (HW/IOS = 3.7, Fig. 3C). The female pedicel and F1 are brown and F2–F4 are whitish in T. yanegai, while the female pedicel and F1–F3 are yellow and F4–F9 are dark brown in T. luapi. Description Body length: 3.95 mm. Color hue pattern female: cranium, mesosomablack, F5–F9 black, F2–F4 white, scape, legs, pedicel, F1 ochre. Color intensity pattern female: pedicel, F1, fore leg, mesocoxa darker than rest of middle leg, hind leg, scape. Structure of scutes on head and mesosoma: scute surface on head and mesosoma flat, scutes indistinct. Head: HW:HH = 1.1. HW/IOS Female: 3.8. Maximum eye diameter versus minimum eye diameter: 1.2. Interommatidial seta length: interommatidial seta length less than facet diameter. Occipital carina medially: continuous medially. Seta length on dorsal region of cranium versus diameter of median ocellus: shorter. Scutes on vertex count: absent. Preoccipital furrow anterior extension: adjacent anteriorly to the posterior margin of the median ocellus. Preoccipital furrow anterior region versus posterior region sculpture: posterior region crenulate, anterior region smooth or finely reticulate. Preoccipital furrow anterior region width versus posterior region width: wider anteriorly than posteriorly. Female OOL: POL: LOL: 0.1:0.5:1.0. Preocellar pit count: absent. Carina delimiting antennal scrobe count: absent. Transverse striation on upper face count: present. Anterior ocellar fovea shape: fovea not extended ventrally into facial sulcus. Supraclypeal depression count: present. Ocular impression sculpture: punctate (fovea of ocellar impression are well separated from each other). Antenna: Female scape length versus pedicel length: 2.4. Female F1 length versus pedicel length: 1.1. Female ninth flagellomere length: F9 less than F7+F8. Mesosoma: Mesosoma shape: not compressed laterally, as wide as high or wider than high. Pronope count: absent. Anterior slope of mesonotum shape: Anterior slope of mesonotum at obtuse angle to dorsal surface of mesonotum in lateral view. Antero-admedian line count: present. Notaulus count: absent. Notaulus anterior origin versus anterolateral angle of mesoscutum (ball-and-socket articulation between pronotum and mesoscutum): Notaulus arises medially of anterolateral angle of the mesoscutum. Scutes on posterior region of mesoscutum and dorsal region of mesoscutellum count: present. Epicnemial carina count: complete. Sternaulus count: present. Sternaulus sculpture: scalloped. Anterior metapleural carina count: present. Carina limiting posteriorly antecosta count: present. Lateral propodeal carina count: present. Wings: Stigmal vein length versus pterostigma marginal length: stigmal vein longer than the pterostigma marginal length. Etymology The species epithet refers to Douglas Yanega (Senior Museum Scientist of the Entomology Research Museum, University of California, Riverside), who drew our attention to the holotype of the new species., Published as part of Mikó, István, Trietsch, Carolyn, Kamp, Thomas van de, Masner, Lubomír, Ulmer, Jonah M., Yoder, Matthew Jon, Zuber, Marcus, Sandall, Emily L., Baumbach, Tilo & Deans, Andrew R., 2018, Revision of Trassedia (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae), an Evolutionary Relict With an Unusual Distribution, pp. 1-29 in Insect Systematics and Diversity (AIFB) (AIFB) 2 (6) on pages 23-24, DOI: 10.1093/isd/ixy015, http://zenodo.org/record/7168382

Trassedia luapi Cancemi 1996 Diagnosis Trassedia luapi shares the following characters with T. yanegai and T. australiensis: short setae on the dorsal region of the cranium (shorter than the diameter of the median ocellus; Fig. 3C and D); reduced anterior ocellar fovea that do not extend to the antennal scrobe (Fig. 3C and D); a punctate ocular impression along the inner orbit (io: Fig. 3C and D); and a wide Waterston’s evaporatorium that reaches the lateral 1/3 of the tergite (wop: Fig. 4A and B). Trassedia luapi differs from T. yanegai by the preoccipital sulcus not widening gradually anteriorly (pof: Fig. 3C) and by the presence of the notaulus, scutes on the vertex, a foveolate sternaulus (ster: Fig. 5C) and large eyes (HW/IOS = 3.7, Fig. 3C). The female pedicel and F1 are brown and F2–F4 are whitish in T. yanegai, while the female pedicel and F1–F3 are yellow and F4–F9 are dark brown in T. luapi. Trassedia luapi differs from T. australiensis in cranium shape (cranium as long as wide in dorsal view in T. australiensis and 1.4× as wide as long in T. luapi), POL:OOL ratio (POL 2× as long as OOL in T. australiensis and equal to OOL in T. luapi), the length of the harpe (harpe 2× as long as the gonossiculus in T. australiensis and 1.5× as long as the gonossiculus in T. luapi) and the position of the distal sensilla of the gonossiculus (sensilla closer to the distal margin than to the proximal margin of the gonossiculus in T. luapi and equidistant from both margins in T. australiensis). Description Body length: 1.80–2.90 mm. Color hue pattern female: brown, F1–F3, legs yellow. Color intensity pattern female: F4–F9 darker than cranium, scape, pedicel, mesosoma and metasoma. Color hue pattern male: ochre, legs, scape, pedicel, F1 yellow. Structure of scutes on head and mesosoma: Scute surface on head and mesosoma flat, scutes indistinct. HW:HH = 0.9–1.3. Head: HW/IOS Female: 2.5–2.7. HW/IOS Male: 2.2. Maximum eye diameter versus minimum eye diameter: 1.1–1.3. Interommatidial seta length: Interommatidial seta length less than facet diameter. Occipital carina medially: continuous medially. Seta length on dorsal region of cranium versus diameter of median ocellus: shorter. Setal pit on vertex size: smaller than diameter of scutes. Scutes on vertex count: present. Preoccipital furrow anterior extension: adjacent anteriorly to the posterior margin of the median ocellus. Preoccipital furrow anterior region versus posterior region sculpture: crenulate in its entire length. Preoccipital furrow anterior region width versus posterior region width: as wide anteriorly as posteriorly. Female OOL: POL: LOL: 0.2–0.6:0.5–0.7:1.0. Male OOL: POL: LOL: 0.6:0.7:1.0. Preocellar pit count: absent. Carina delimiting antennal scrobe count: absent. Transverse striation on upper face count: present. Anterior ocellar fovea shape: fovea not extended ventrally into facial sulcus. Supraclypeal depression count: present. Ocular impression sculpture: punctate (fovea of ocellar impression are well separated from each other). Antenna: Length of setae on male flagellomere versus male flagellomere width: setae shorter than width of flagellomeres. Male scape length versus pedicel length: 2.6. Male F1 length versus pedicel length: 1.8. Male scape length versus combined length of F1+F2: shorter. Male F6 length versus combined length of F7+F8: Shorter than length of flagellomere 7 + 8. Number of flagellomeres with male-specific ventral sensilla: F4–F9. Female scape length versus pedicel length: 2.4–2.8. Female F1 length versus pedicel length: 1.2–1.4. Female ninth flagellomere length: F9 less than F7+F8. Mesosoma: Mesosoma shape: not compressed laterally, as wide as high or wider than high. Pronope count: present. Anterior slope of mesonotum shape: Anterior slope of mesonotum at obtuse angle to dorsal surface of mesonotum in lateral view. Antero-admedian line count: present. Notaulus count: present. Notaulus anterior origin versus anterolateral angle of mesoscutum (ball-and-socket articulation between pronotum and mesoscutum): notaulus arises medially of anterolateral angle of the mesoscutum. Posterior end of notaulus versus posterior end of antero-admedian line location: antero-admedian line extends more posteriorly than notaulus. Scutes on posterior region of mesoscutum and dorsal region of mesoscutellum count: present. Epicnemial carina count: complete. Sternaulus count: present. Sternaulus sculpture: smooth. Anterior metapleural carina count: present. Carina limiting posteriorly antecosta count: present. Propodeal spiracle dilator muscle apodeme pit location: On metapleural carina. Longitudinal carina between plica and median propodeal carina count: absent. Lateral propodeal carina count: present. Wings: Stigmal vein length versus pterostigma marginal length: stigmal vein longer than the pterostigma marginal length. Metasoma: Waterston’s evaporatorium shape medially male: paired, left and right evaporatoria are not continuous medially; not paired, single median evaporatorium present. Male genitalia: Anterior margin shape of male S9: concave. Male S9 distal setal line/setal patch count: distal setae composing setiferous patch(es). Distomedian, hairless area (interrupting transverse row of setae or patch) on male S9 count: absent (distal setiferous patch/line continuous medially). Distal margin of male S9 shape: straight. Proximolateral corner of male S9 shape: acute. Gonostyle/volsella complex length: wider than long. Gonostyle/ volsella complex proximodorsal margin shape: with deep concavity medially. Distal sensilla on gonossiculus versus proximal margin of gonossiculus location: closer to distal margin than to proximal margin of gonossiculus. Distal margin of harpe in lateral view: shape: straight. Lateral setae of harpe count: absent. Harpe length versus gonossiculus length: harpe 2× as long as gonossiculus. Lateral margin of harpe shape: widest point of harpe is in its proximal one-third. Dorsomedial cupulo-gonostipal muscles orientation: diverging proximally. Ventral gonostipo-penisvalval muscles site of origin-proximal extension: not extends distally on parossiculus., Published as part of Mikó, István, Trietsch, Carolyn, Kamp, Thomas van de, Masner, Lubomír, Ulmer, Jonah M., Yoder, Matthew Jon, Zuber, Marcus, Sandall, Emily L., Baumbach, Tilo & Deans, Andrew R., 2018, Revision of Trassedia (Hymenoptera: Ceraphronidae), an Evolutionary Relict With an Unusual Distribution, pp. 1-29 in Insect Systematics and Diversity (AIFB) (AIFB) 2 (6) on pages 20-21, DOI: 10.1093/isd/ixy015, http://zenodo.org/record/7168382

Aphanomerus rufescens Perkins http://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/12319 Figures 25–45, 48 Aphanomerus rufescens PERKINS, 1905: 202 (ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION); DODD 1914: 60 (DESCRIPTION); KIEFFER 1926: 136, 137 (DESCRIPTION, KEYED); VLUG 1995: 19 (CATALOGED, TYPE INFORMATION). Material examined. NORTH AMERICA: USA, California, Los Angeles: 3♀ & 1♂, Los Feliz, 34.118°N, 118.284°W, alt. 220 m, 3–7.ix.2013, leg. Mark & Jane Pisano (MT; OPPC); 4♀ & 1♂, Silverlake, 34.093°N, 118.274°W, 31.viii–7.ix.2013, leg. W. Renwick (MT; OPPC); 1♀, University Park, 34.034°N, 118.281°W, alt. 63 m, 28.viii–4.ix.2013, leg. P. Hentschke (MT; OPPC); 2♀, University Park, 34.034°N, 118.281°W, alt. 63 m, 3– 10.xii.2014, leg. P. Hentschke (MT; OPPC); 3♀, University Park, 34.034°N, 118.281°W, alt. 63 m, 29.x–5.xi.2014, leg. P. Hentschke (MT; OPPC); 1♀, Glendale, 4–9.viii.2014, 34.149°N, 118.218°W, leg. Hoffman (MT; OPPC); 2♀, University Park, 34.034°N, 118.281°W, alt. 63 m, 3–10.ix.2014, leg. P. Hentschke (MT; OPPC); 1♀, Mid- Wilshire, 27.ix–4.x.2014, 34.058°N, 118.328°W, leg. P. Lombard (MT; OPPC); 1♀, Mid-Wilshire, 30.viii– 6.ix.2014, 34.058°N, 118.328°W, leg. P. Lombard (MT; OPPC); 1♂, Silverlake, 34.102°N, 118.257°W, 30.viii– 6.ix.2014, leg. J. Hogg (MT; OPPC); 1♂, Silverlake, 34.102°N, 118.257°W, 2–9.viii.2014, leg. J. Hogg (MT; OPPC); 1♀, Los Feliz, 34.116°N, 118.279°W, 29.vi–6.vii.2014, leg. J. Aaron & J. Koch (MT; OPPC); 1♀, Los Feliz, 34.112°N, 118.293°W, 1–8.viii.2014, leg. P. Louie (MT; OPPC); 3♀, Los Feliz, 34.116°N, 118.279°W, 2– 9.viii.2014, leg. J. Aaron & J. Koch (MT; OPPC); 1♀, Larchmont, 34.077°N, 118.32°W, 27.ix–4.x.2014, leg. K.T. Wiegman (MT; OPPC); 1♀, Mid-Wilshire, 34.058°N, 118.328°W, 1–9.xi.2014, leg. P. Lombard (MT; OPPC); 1♀, Mid-City, 34.047°N, 118.334°W, 27.ix–4.x.2014, leg. S. Oxborough (MT; OPPC); 1♀, Gardena, 33.876°N, 118.288°W, 29.xi–6.xii.2014, leg. B. Defibaugh (MT; OPPC); 1♀, Highland Park, 34.125°N, 118.189°W, 29.xi– 6.xii.2014, leg. C. Franco (MT; OPPC); 3♀ & 2♂, Silverlake, 34.093°N, 118.274°W, 27.ix–4.x.2014, leg. W. Renwick (MT; OPPC); 1♀, Silverlake, 34.093°N, 118.274°W, 30.viii–6.ix.2014, leg. W. Renwick (MT; OPPC); 2♀ & 1♂, University Park, 34.034°N, 118.281°W, alt. 63 m, 1–8.x.2014, leg. P. Hentschke (MT; OPPC). 1♀, San Pedro, 3171 N. Gaffey Dr., Defense Fuel Support Point, coastal sage scrub, 24.iv–26.v.2002, leg. J. George (MT; CNCI); 1♂, Rancho Palos Verdes, 5.vii–2.viii.2003, leg. J. George (MT; CNCI); 1♀, Hawai’i, Kohala Forest Reserve, 20.0577°N, - 155.6339°W, 11–18.vii.2005, leg. Luc Leblanc (MT, CNCI). AUSTRALIAN: AUSTRALIA: 1♀, Australian Capital Territory, Canberra, Nature Park, Black Mountain, Aranda Bushland, - 35.2648°S, 149.0846°E, 27–28.xi.2002, Eucalyptus forest, leg. George-Munro & Owen (MT; CNCI); 6♀ & ♂, Queensland, Brisbane Forest Park, - 27.4177°S, 152.8300°E, 30.xii.1997, leg. N. Power (MT; CNCI); 1♀, South Australia, N. Renmark, 263m, - 32.8833°S, 140.7166°E, leg. D.C. Darling (MT; CNCI); 2♀, Victoria, Mitcham,?. ii.1983, leg. C. Lai & D. Yu (MT; CNCI); 1♀, Western Australia CSIRO Perth, - 32.333°S, 115.8166°E, 11–23.xi.2002, leg. J. Pinto (CNCI). NEW ZEALAND: 11♀ & ♂, Nelson, 11.ii.1960, leg. E.W. Valentine (reared from eggs of Siphanta acuta; CNCI); 1♀, Auckland, Symonds Str. Cemetery, 36.858 ° S, 74.765°E, 24–25.iii.2010, leg. L. Masner (YPT; CNCI) 1♀, Pohara, 23.ii.1993, leg. L. LeSage (sweep coastal vegetation— Macropiper sp.; CNCI). Comments. There are few data on the distribution of Aphanomerus. Perkins (1905), Brues (1908), Dodd (1914) and Kieffer (1926) found Aphanomerus only in Australia; Masner & Huggert (1989) confirmed the presence of Aphanomerus in Australia and recorded it also from New Zealand, New Guinea and Sulawesi; Vlug (1995) considered Aphanomerus to be an Australian and Oriental genus. Aphanomerus rufescens was described from Australia by Perkins (1905), and A. pusillus, Perkins was introduced from Australia into Hawai’i in 1904 as a biocontrol agent of Siphanta acuta (Walker) (Flatidae) (Fouts 1936; Lai 1988; Denoth et al. 2002; Gruner 2004). Aphanomerus pusillus was found in New Zealand (Gourlay 1930; Jamieson et al. 2009), where it was probably also introduced. We consider that Aphanomerus rufescens is not native, but introduced to the USA. The use of Aphanomerus (especially A. pusillus) in classical biological control of leafhoppers from the early twentieth century has likely contributed to its spread, though we have found no documentation that it was intentionally introduced into the United States of America. The descriptions of Aphanomerus rufescens (Perkins 1905; Dodd 1914; Kieffer 1926) were insufficient for reliable identification at species level, and consequently our determination was made only after examining photographs of the type specimen of A. rufescens Perkins (BPBM). Because of this, and because Aphanomerus contains parasitoids of some important pests (Siphanta) we consider it necessary to redescribe this species. Description. Female. Colour: head and mesosoma black; metasoma brown with T2 darker than the rest of tergites; head and mesosoma covered with silvery short hairs; legs including coxae, yellow with a reddish tint in some specimens; antenna with the same colour as the legs, but clava brown as in T2. Head in dorsal view wider that long, subellipsoidal with a coriaceous-imbricate sculpture and sparse long hairs; frons, above toruli, with an alutaceous sculpture; frons in the middle smooth almost without sculpture; occipital and hyperoccipital carina absent; postgenal sulcus and median sulcus of the postgenal bridge absent; postgenal pit present; eyes appearing glabrous, but under high magnification with minute, fine scattered hairs; malar sulcus absent, gena not striate; interantennal process not prominent; clypeus very narrow and short, not wider than the inter-mandibular space, with a row of strong and long setae; mandible bidentate; maxillary palp 2- segmented; labial palp 1-segmented; antenna 7-segmented, with abrupt, massive, compact 4-segmented clava, sensillar formula 1:2:2:1. Mesosoma with pronotal shoulders clearly visible in dorsal view, but not angular; mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with a clearly visible coriaceous-imbricate sculpture; skaphion and skaphion carina present, clearly visible; antero-admedian line and parapsidal line absent; notauli present, percurrent, rather superficial, not crenulate and convergent posteriorly; terminal, any notaulus with a conspicuous pit; transaxillar carina short but visible; axillular carina not visible; posterior scutellar sulcus deep and wide laterally, not visible medio-posteriorly; metanotum narrow, smooth, not foveolate; metascutellum not visible, overlapped by posteromedial margin of mesoscutellum; propodeum with no foamy structure, with some sparse hairs at sides, glabrous in middle, with clearly visible parallel lateral propodeal carinae; metasomal depression small, with some short hairs and a median carina; clearly visible propodeal spiracle; propodeum with a strong transverse carina posteriorly; along the posterior transverse propodeal carina there is a strong crenulate sulcus, interrupted by lateral propodeal carinae; transverse pronotal sulcus shallow and glabrous; lateral propleural area smooth and lustrous with some sparse hairs, without depression; netrion absent; transaxillar carina in lateral view with one or two striae; mesopleuron smooth, almost glabrous, with a shallow, rather absent mesopleural depression; pleural pit not visible; transpleural sulcus almost transverse, deep and sharply incised; speculum smooth, lustrous and glabrous; femoral depression small; mesopleural carina, present, clearly visible; metapleuron not sculptured, lustrous, rather glabrous, only ventrally near the posterior coxa with some sparse hairs; metapleural pit continuous with a clearly visible, deeply incised metapleural sulcus; metapleural carina, well developed; fore wing with a straight tubular submarginal vein, truncate knob and with nebulous Rs+M (but this is barely visible even on a microscopic slide at 400x); costal and submedian cells glabrous; submarginal vein without setae; hind wing with short stem of tubular submarginal vein; tibial spur formula 1-2-2 and with fore spur bifid. Metasoma no longer than head and mesosoma combined, hardly convex dorsally, with 6 visible tergites, terminally pointed; T1 trapezoidal, without horn; anterior pits of T1 clearly visible, the space between these pits with strong costae, the length of these costae not surpassing the posterior border of anterior pits of T1; laterally, in the area of the anterior pits, T1 is covered with sparse long setae, but in middle, in the area with sculpture it is glabrous; T2, the largest tergite almost rectangular, smooth, with anterior pits clearly visible; T3–T5 without sculpture, almost glabrous, with only a few sparse hairs; T6 well developed, triangular with sparse hairs; length of T6 the same as the combined lengths of T3–T5; laterotergites present, relatively narrow, almost 1/10 maximum width of S2; ventrally metasoma almost glabrous, with few sparse hairs on S1 and S6; anterior pits of S2 clearly visible without hairs; the felt field of S2 almost absent, indicated only by a hardly visible microsculpture. Male: with the same colour as female, but the head and mesosoma dark brown or brown. Differs from female in the antenna (8-segmented) and the shape and length of metasoma. Metasoma shorter than head and mesosoma together (length of head + length of mesosoma = 1.4–1.5× length of metasoma). T2 distinctly trapezoidal and apex of metasoma obtuse. Laterotergites 1/6 maximum width of S2 and wider than those of the female. Morphological variability. Usually intraspecific variability is shown in the colour of the metasoma, from dark to light brown. Usually the darkest tergite is T2, T1 being sometimes yellowish. Pilosity of T2 also varies, in some specimens the anterior pits of T2 being covered with a dense pilosity. In this case some sparse hairs can be seen on the lateral sides of T2, in contrast to specimens where the anterior pits of T2 have a few hairs and the rest of T2 is glabrous. The shape and size of T2 are also variable. In some cases T2 is long, with sides almost parallel so this tergite is almost rectangular. There are also specimens with T2 a shorter, with sides divergent and in this case the shape of T2 is almost trapezoidal (in these females, the shape of T2 is like the shape of T 2 in males). Although we did not make a rigorous statistical analysis, there was not a clear correlation between the variability of colour, size/ shape of T2 and overall size, and no suggestion of allometry. Our specimens are a new record of this genus for the continental Nearctic Region., Published as part of Popovici, Ovidiu Alin, Masner, Lubomír, Viciriuc, Mădălina, Pintilioaie, Alexandru, Notton, David G. & Talamas, Elijah, 2018, New distribution data for some charismatic tramp species of Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera), pp. 1-22 in Zootaxa 4370 (1) on pages 10-16, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1138484

Tetrabaeus americanus (Brues) http://bioguid.osu.edu/xbiod_concepts/23277 Figures 7–24, 47 Aphanomerus americanus BRUES, 1909: 156 (ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION); NOONAN 1984: 6 (TYPE INFORMATION). Tetrabaeus americanus (BRUES): KIEFFER 1912: 87 (GENERIC TRANSFER); KIEFFER 1926: 138 (DESCRIPTION); MASNER 1964: 149 (SYNONYMY, TYPE INFORMATION); VLUG 1995: 83 (CATALOGED, TYPE INFORMATION). Crabroborus krombeini MUESEBECK, 1963: 392 (ORIGINAL DESCRIPTION); MASNER 1964: 149 (JUNIOR SYNONYM OF Tetrabaeus americanus (BRUES)); NOONAN 1984: 6 (TYPE INFORMATION). Tetrabaeus krombeini (MUESEBECK): MASNER & MUESEBECK 1968: 79 (TYPE INFORMATION); VLUG 1995: 83 (TYPE INFORMATION). Material Examined. NORTH AMERICA: CANADA: 1♀, Ontario, Woodlawn, 45.49361°N, 76.11083°W, 19– 26.vi.2015, leg. J.D. Read (MT; OPPC); 1♂, Ontario, Petrie Island, 45.50141°N, 75.49648°W, 19–24.vi.2015, leg. H. Goulet & L. Masner (YPT; OPPC); 1♀, Quebec, Parc Gatineau, Ridge Road, 3.vi.1980, leg. L. Masner (screen sweeping: CNCI); 1♀, New Brunswick, Kouchibouguac N.P., 30.viii.1977, leg. S.J. Miller (CNCI). USA: 1♀, Hawai’i Island, Waimea Parker Ranch Forest, 20.01095°N, 155.3452°W, 22–29 vi.2005 leg. Luc Leblanc (CNCI); 1♀, Indiana, Porter Co., Dune Acres, 16.x.1948, leg. H.S. Dybas (MT: CNCI); 1♀, Kentucky, Scott Co. 234 Finnell Pike, 38.284°N, - 84.451°W, leg. Lindsay & Edden (MT: CNCI); 1♀, Maryland, Prince George Co., 39.050°N, - 76.783W, 1–8.VI.1992, leg. J. Pickering (MT: CNCI); 1♀, Michigan, Ann Arbor, 23.viii.1982, leg. M. Sharkey (CNCI); 1♀, North Carolina, Swain Co. Andrews Bald, 35.536°N, - 83.494°W, leg. I.C. Stocks (MT: CNCI). MEXICO: 1♀, Puente Nacional, Veracruz, 12.vii.1960, leg. H. Howden (CNCI). EUROPE: UKRAINE: 6♀, Transcarpathia, Tyachiv district, 6.5 km n. of Mala Ugolka, 22.v– 8.vi.2015, 48.260994°N, 23.6169°E, leg. O. Varga (MT; OPPC); 2♀, Transcarpathia, Svydovets, 2–3 km n. w. of Kvasy, 22.v–8.vi.2015, 48.152469°N, 24.266208°E, leg. O. Varga (MT; OPPC); 1♀, Transcarpathia, Svydovets, 2–3 km n. w. of Kvasy, 7.v–5.vi.2014, 48.152469°N, 24.266208°E, leg. O. Varga (TT; OPPC); 2♀, Transcarpathia, Svydovets, 2–3 km n. w. of Kvasy, 5–29.vi.2014, 48.152469°N, 24.266208°E, leg. O. Varga (TT; OPPC); 1♀, Transcarpathia, Mochary, 5 km n. e. of Bogorodchany, 16.vi–4.vii.2014, 48.847547°N, 24.590808°E, leg. O. Varga (MT; OPPC). GEORGIA: 5♀, Lagodekhi Reserve, Mt. Kudigora, 41.90619°N, 46.33344°E, 26.vii–3.viii.2014, alt. 2230 m, G. Japoshvili & G. Krikitadze (CNCI). ASIA: JAPAN: 1♀, Hokkaido, Sapporo Jozankei, 20–31.vii. 1989, M. J. Sharkey (MT; CNCI); 1♀, Kyushu, Fukuoka, Mt. Hiko alt. 700 m, 26.ix.–2.x.1989, K. Takano & M. Sharkey (MT; CNCI). SOUTH KOREA: 1♂, Kangwondo, Cuncheon Nam-myeon, Hudong-li, 17.viii–5.ix.2003, leg. P. Tripotin (MT; OPPC); 1♀, Kangwondo, Cuncheon Nam-myeon, Hudong-li, 25.v–14.vi.2003, leg. P. Tripotin (MT; OPPC); 4♀, Kangwondo Chuncheon Nam-myeon Hudong-li, vi–ix. 2003, leg. P. Tripotin, (MT; CNCI); 2♀, Chungbuk Yeondong-gun, Sangchonmyon, Mulhan Valley, Gojadong, 4.vi–24.ix.2002, P. Tripotin (MT; CNCI). Comments. The monotypic Tetrabaeus was previously only recorded from North America (Brues 1909; Kieffer 1912, 1926; Muesebeck 1963; Masner 1964; Vlug 1995). It is difficult to determine if T. americanus is a recently introduced species in the Palaearctic region or a native one that has been unrecorded until now. Masner (unpublished data), examined some specimens of this species in HNHM, collected from Hungary and labeled as Aphanomerus (as noted in the Results section, striae on T2 are usually present but difficult to see without good optics and are only rarely absent). These specimens are seemingly lost because OAP was not able to locate them in the HNHM during his recent visit. Because this species was also found in samples from Georgia, South Korea and Japan, we consider the possibility that Tetrabaeus is a Holarctic genus. Although the descriptions of Muesebeck (1963) and Masner & Huggert (1989) provide clear limits of this species, we here augment these descriptions with the addition of new data on variability and clear images of the morphology. Description. Female. Colour: Most specimens are black or dark brown, but also there are specimens with black head and mesosoma and dark brownish metasoma. Antenna light brown, in many specimens with yellow A3–A5 and brown clava, but in some specimens the entire antenna is light brown with a darker clava. Legs with coxae brown and tibiae and tarsi yellow; femora lighter than coxae and darker than tibiae and tarsi. Head in dorsal view wider than long, subellipsoidal with a coriaceous-imbricate sculpture and sparse long hairs; frons dorsal to toruli with alutaceous sculpture; frons medially smooth, almost without sculpture; hyperoccipital carina absent; occipital carina present, complete medially; postgenal sulcus and median sulcus of the postgenal bridge absent; postgenal pit present; eyes appear glabrous, but under high magnification with short, fine scattered hairs; interantennal process not prominent, deeply concave; clypeus very narrow, with a row of strong and long setae; maxillary palp 2-segmented; labial palp 1-segmented; antenna 7-segmented, with abrupt, massive, compact 4-segmented clava, sensillar formula 1:2:2:2. Mesosoma with pronotal shoulders strongly developed, clearly visible in dorsal view; mesoscutum and mesoscutellum with fine coriaceous sculpture; parapsidal line absent; notauli percurrent, deeply incised, broadened and convergent posteriorly; transaxillar carina and axillular carina not fused, both clearly visible; posterior mesoscutellar sulcus deep and wide, clearly visible on lateral sides of mesoscutellum, but superficial or absent on medio-posterior part of mesoscutellum; metanotum narrow, smooth, not foveolate; metascutellum hardly visible, with no sculpture or pilosity; propodeum with no foamy structure, hairy at sides, glabrous in middle, with two clearly visible, parallel lateral propodeal carinae; metasomal depression large, glabrous; propodeal spiracle clearly visible; transverse pronotal sulcus shallow and glabrous only in the median part, on ventral and dorsal third covered with short hairs; lateral propleural area with a large, deep and glabrous depression; netrion rudimentary, hardly visible; transaxillar carina in lateral view with numerous longitudinal striae; mesopleuron smooth, almost glabrous, with a clearly visible, rather deep mesopleural depression; pleural pit well visible; transpleural sulcus almost transverse, deep and sharply incised, interrupted in the median part; speculum with some transverse costae; metapleuron not sculptured, covered with sparse long hairs; clearly visible metapleural pit; metapleural sulcus weak; metapleural carina well developed; fore wing with a straight tubular submarginal vein and truncate knob and with nebulous RS+M, M and Cu (hardly visible); costal and submedian cells glabrous; submarginal vein without setae; hind wing with short stem of tubular submarginal vein, apically with some setae; legs relatively short with femora thickened; tibial spur formula 1-2-2 and fore spur bifid. Metasoma not longer than head and mesosoma combined, convex dorsally, with 6 visible tergites; T1 trapezoidal, without horn; anterior pits of T1 clearly visible, the space between these pits with strong costae, the length of these costae not surpassing the posterior border of anterior pits of T1; laterally, in the area of the anterior pits, T1 is covered with sparse long setae, but in middle, in the area with sculpture it is glabrous; T2, the largest tergite, smooth, with anterior pits clearly visible with some hairs; the space between the anterior pits of T2 with strong costae, protruding over T1; T3–T6 without sculpture, with few hairs, usually in a single transverse row; laterotergites present, well developed, almost ¼ maximum width of T2; ventrally metasoma with numerous hairs, especially on S1 and S2; anterior pits of S2 converging in a single transverse depression covered with dense hairs; the felt field of S2 indicated only by distinct microsculpture, not with dense pilosity. Male: similar to female, differing in the structure of antenna, clava less abrupt, limits between clavomeres more clearly marked than in female, A4 longer than A3 and metasoma consisting of 8 visible tergites with a rounded apex (apex rather obtuse in female). Our specimens represent a new record for the Palaearctic (Ukraine, Georgia and South Korea) and Sino- Japanese regions (Japan). Also, Tetrabaeus is a new record for Canada and Mexico (in the last case being found very close to the Panamanian region). Morphological variability. We consider that all of the examined specimens belong to the same species, T. americanus. We concluded this from a comparison of our specimens with specimens from the Nearctic. Regarding colour variability, we consider that the collecting method and preservation conditions (e.g. ethanol concentration, temperature, duration of time in trap) have an influence. The influence of the preservation conditions on the colour of insects was also emphasized by Noyes (1982), Masner (1994) and King & Porter (2004). Specimens in which the metasoma is paler also have this part of the body inflated, suggesting that these specimens have been bleached and distorted by prolonged storage in ethanol (O. Popovici, pers. obs.). We did not find a correlation between geographical distribution and colour. Another variable character we observed is the length of the costae on T2. The longest costae are in specimens from Canada and the costae are absent from a male specimen from South Korea. Masner & Huggert (1989) considered the sculpture of T2 important in the delimitation of the genera with 7 or 8 antennomeres, and with compact clava. The presence of the longitudinal costae/striae on T2 divide this group of genera into two subgroups: Pseudaphanomerus Szelényi, Calomerella Masner & Huggert, Aphanomerella Dodd and Tetrabaeus Kieffer, (costae present) and Aleyroctonus Masner & Huggert, Helava Masner & Huggert, Alfredella Masner & Huggert, and Aphanomerus Perkins (costae absent)., Published as part of Popovici, Ovidiu Alin, Masner, Lubomír, Viciriuc, Mădălina, Pintilioaie, Alexandru, Notton, David G. & Talamas, Elijah, 2018, New distribution data for some charismatic tramp species of Platygastroidea (Hymenoptera), pp. 1-22 in Zootaxa 4370 (1) on pages 6-10, DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4370.1.1, http://zenodo.org/record/1138484