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Background Recent studies have introduced Pleurotus ostreatus (Pleurotaceae) as a herbal medicine for treating different types of cancer. This survey utilizes P. ostreatus and doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) alone and then with hyperthermia to investigate the erythroleukemia cell line. This study evaluates and compares the apoptotic and necrotic effects of various treatments on the KG-1 cell line. Methods The proliferation of KG-1 cells was measured by using a tetrazolium salt (MTT)-based colorimetric assay during 96 h after treatment by gradient dilutions of 100 ng/mL to 100 mg/mL of P. ostreatus methanol extract and then the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined and was applied in additional experiments. Afterward, the cells were treated using P. ostreatus extract, DOX (6.95 mg/L), and hyperthermia (42 and 44 °C), separately and then applying hyperthermia. Finally, the ratios of apoptosis and necrosis after 24 h incubation were evaluated by using flow cytometry. Results The MIC of the extract was determined (1 mg/mL), which significantly increased the ratio of apoptosis rather than necrosis, whereas the DOX treatment primarily induced necrosis on the KG-1 cells. The anticancer effects of the mushroom extract were significantly increased when it was combined with thermotherapy, which exhibited apoptotic effects at 42 °C but induced necrosis at 44 °C. Conclusions The results suggest that P. ostreatus extract induces apoptosis on KG-1 cells and its anticancer effects are significantly increased in combination with thermotherapy. Therefore, P. ostreatus could be considered as an alternative with anticancer effect for further studies in erythroleukemia patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Currently, mushrooms have been used in traditional and folk medicines for their therapeutic activities, such as antibiotic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antileukemic and immunomodulatory actions. This investigation evaluates the anti-invasive, antiproliferative and cytotoxic effects of Pleurotus ostreatus (Pleurotaceae) on leukemia cell lines. Methods: The proliferation of KG-1 cells was measured by using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide assay after treatment with gradient dilutions of P. ostreatus extract. Then, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract was determined. Moreover, the proliferation of Jurkat cells and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), a cancerous cell line and normal body cells, respectively, was considered. The apoptotic morphology of treated KG-1 cells was evaluated with Giemsa staining. The invasion and migration of cells were evaluated using transwell invasion assay. Thereafter, the rates of apoptosis and necrosis were measured by using flow cytometry, and BAX and MMP-9 gene expression were evaluated using quantitative reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction as apoptotic and metastatic genes, respectively. Results: The MIC of the extract was determined to be 1 mg/mL after 48 h. According to the results, the extract decreased the proliferation of leukemia cell lines (KG-1 and Jurkat cells) but had no antiproliferative effects on BMSCs. Moreover, KG-1 cell migration and MMP-9 gene expression decreased after the treatment, and the rate of apoptosis and BAX gene expression increased significantly. Conclusions: According to the efficient therapeutic properties of P. ostreatus on leukemia cell lines, this mushroom could be introduced as a natural medicine to cure leukemic patients who suffer from the harmful [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel design of gold-coated iron oxide nanoparticles was fabricated as a potential delivery system to improve the efficiency and stability of d, l-sulforaphane as an anticancer drug. To this purpose, the surface of gold-coated iron oxide nanoparticles was modified for sulforaphane delivery via furnishing its surface with thiolated polyethylene glycol-folic acid and thiolated polyethylene glycol-FITC. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by different techniques such as FTIR, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, UV-visible spectroscopy, scanning and transmission electron microscopy. The average diameters of the synthesized nanoparticles before and after sulforaphane loading were obtained ∼ 33 nm and ∼ 38 nm, respectively, when ∼ 2.8 mmol/g of sulforaphane was loaded. The result of cell viability assay which was confirmed by apoptosis assay on the human breast cancer cells (MCF-7 line) as a model of in vitro-cancerous cells, proved that the bare nanoparticles showed little inherent cytotoxicity, whereas the sulforaphane-loaded nanoparticles were cytotoxic. The expression rate of the anti-apoptotic genes (bcl-2 and bcl-xL), and the pro-apoptotic genes (bax and bak) were quantified, and it was found that the expression rate of bcl-2 and bcl-xL genes significantly were decreased when MCF-7 cells were incubated by sulforaphane-loaded nanoparticles. The sulforaphane-loaded into the designed gold-coated iron oxide nanoparticles, acceptably induced apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skeletal muscle is a highly differentiated tissue with very specific functions which has low potential of regeneration. Skeletal muscle injuries especially in athletes almost have lead to muscular dysfunctions and healing may be prolonged for several years. Therefore, working on skeletal muscle differentiation remained an importance in biomedical researches. Adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) are novel source of mesenchymal stem cells which are an excellent alternative for satellite cells in in-vitro skeletal muscle differentiation. Differentiation potential of ADSCs on both tissue culture plate (TCP) and also on Poly l-lactide acid (PLLA) electrospun fibrous nano-scaffold which now is widely used at tissue engineering investigations has studied in this research. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Tensile test were performed for evaluating scaffold properties. Hydrocortisone has considered a critical factors for skeletal muscle differentiation while, the recommended concentrations of it for inducing myogenesis in stem cells is yet discussing. Statistical analysis of our results from colorimetric MTT assay for various concentrations of hydrocortisone showed that the concentration of 10-7 mol/L is the optimum dose for myogenic differentiation of murine ADSCs which was used on both TCP and PLLA scaffolds and skeletal myosin fiber formations was confirmed with immunocytochemistry. DAPI staining proved myocytes nuclei and syncytium formations. Our results also showed that ADSCs and PLLA nano-scaffolds are the suitable biomaterials for engineering skeletal muscle tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Development of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has led to designing scaffolds and their modification to provide a better microenvironment which mimics the natural niche of the cells. Gelatin surface modification was applied to improve scaffold flexibility and cytocompatibility. Methods: PLLA/PCL aligned fibrous scaffold was fabricated using electrospinning method. ADSCs were seeded after O2 plasma treatment and gelatin coating of the scaffolds. The morphological and mechanical properties of blends were assessed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), tensile test and ATR-FTIR. The cells proliferation was evaluated by MTT assay. Results: Based on the results, it is supposed that gelatin coating is a brilliant method of surface modification which significantly increases the mechanical properties of scaffold without any changes on the construction or on the direction of nanofibers which conducts cell's elongation. MTT analysis exhibited that ADSCs attachment, viability and proliferation significantly (p<0.05) increased after gelatin treatment. Conclusion: Gelatin surface modification is a highly beneficial method to improve cytocompatibility, flexibility and mechanical features of the scaffolds which doesn't affect the nanofibers construction. Proliferation of Adipose Derived Stem Cells (ADSCs) as a remarkable source of stem cells was investigated for the first time on PLLA/PCL hybrid scaffold. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, iron-gold core shell magnetic nanoparticles Fe@Au NPs was investigated as contrasting agent in radiation therapy in the breast cancer. Assessment of cytotoxic and radio sensitizing potential was done by MTT method and Flow cytometry. Radiation was done using Co 60 source. The response of cells to treatment with radiation alone and radiation with nanoparticles was assessed. The study demonstrates that Fe@Au nanoparticles do not have considerable cytotoxic effects, but they increase the effectiveness of radiation that means the survival of the group without nanoparticles exposed to 5 Gy radiations is 75%while the group with nanoparticles is 33%. With 2 Gy radiations the survival of the two groups are 87% and 80% respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analysed morphological variation among 17 forewing characters within five populations of the paper wasp, Polistes dominulus, in Iran. The raw planar coordinate data were aligned using geometric and mathematical calculations in kendall's shape space. After transfer of the data to a linear euclidean space, i.e., tangent space, multivariate analysis of 135 images of forewings were made using their geometric morphometric characters (30 in the forewings). We observed a direct correlation between morphological characters and the geographically easiest travel distance along river valleys and mountain ranges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]