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Taxol is one of the most important secondary metabolites that plays an important role in the treatment of various cancers. This valuable substance is produced through a complex pathway. Due to the low production of Taxol and the risk of extinction of yew, increasing demand of Taxol production has become very important. In this research, plant samples were treated with 0, 100, 250 and 500 μM methyl jasmonate and kept in phytotron for 48 and 72 hours. After treatment with methyl jasmonate, the expression of the stem bapt gene was investigated by Real Time PCR method and the amount of the produced Taxol was measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The obtained data were analyzed statistically. The results showed that the expression of bapt gene at a concentration of 100 μM in 48 hours was 5.13 times higher than that of the control. In addition, the highest amount of Taxol was observed in the plant treated with 500 μM methyl jasmonate in 72 hours with 0.315 mg/g dry weight. Pearson's correlation test showed that there was no relationship between gene expression and Taxol production. It seems to be due to the time difference between gene expression and Taxol production under methyl jasmonate. Considering the importance of Taxol in the pharmaceutical industry, it was recommended using methyl jasmonate with concentration of higher than 500 μM with periods longer than three days to examine the possible increasing of Taxol production [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Reinforced concrete (RC) dual systems are composed of RC moment‐resisting frames (MRFs) and RC shear walls, where MRFs are barely designed to handle gravity loads. Investigations have demonstrated that shear walls exert negative effects on the upper part of MRFs. In this paper, the interaction of shear walls and MRFs is inspected using endurance time (ET) method. ET is a dynamic time history‐based pushover procedure in which structures are exposed to a set of predefined intensifying ET acceleration functions. In this method, seismic performance of the considered structure is assessed based on earthquake return periods; during which, required predefined seismic performance objectives are fulfilled. In this study, several buildings with RC dual systems were designed based on the conventional codes. Next, their nonlinear duplicates were generated for the application of the ET analysis. It was revealed that shear wall elements impose considerable rotational demands—exceeding the criteria established by ASCE41‐13—on the beams and columns, especially those located on the upper parts of the buildings. This paper puts forth and reviews certain methods to cushion the negative effects brought about by RC shear walls, along with a detailed discussion on their merits and demerits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]