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1. Risk factors for COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality in a high HIV and tuberculosis prevalence setting in South Africa: a cohort study

Author: Abdullah, Shaina, Abrahams, Fiona, Adams, Vincentius, Adnane, Fhima, Adoni, Sonia, Adoons, Dieketso Melitta, Africa, Veronique, Aguinaga, D, Akach, Susan, Alakram Khelawon, Prisha, Aldrich, George, Alesinloye, Olatunde, Aletta, Mathale Biniki, Alice, Mametja, Aphane, Tebogo, Archary, Moherndran, Arends, Felicity, Arends, Shireen, Aser, Munonde, Asmal, T, Asvat, Mohammed, Avenant, Theunis, Avhazwivhoni, Muvhali, Azuike, Magnolia, Baartman, Johanna, Babalwa, Dlava, Badenhorst, Johan, Badenhorst, Miranda, Badripersad, Bianca, Badul, Lalihla, Bagananeng, M, Bahle, Mncedisi, Balfour, Liezl, Baloyi, T C, Baloyi, S, Baloyi, Tinyiko, Baloyi, Tshepo Mpho, Banda, Thokozani, Barit, Shimon, Bartsch, Nicole, Bayat, Junaid, Bazana, Siyabulela, Beetge, Marlene, Bekapezulu, Nosindiso, Belebele, Rammala, Bella, Phala, Belot, Zanenkululeko, Bembe, Lindi Gladys, Bensch, Sonja, Beukes, Gishma, Bezuidenhout, Karla, Bhembe, Themba, Bikisha, N A, Bilenge, Ben, Bishop, Leesa, Biyela, Baphamandla, Blaauw, Cyntheola, Blaylock, Mark, Bodley, Nicola, Bogale, Power, Bokolo, Sibongile, Bolon, Stefan, Booysen, Mary, Booysen, Eldereze, Boretti, Lia, Borges, Paula, Boshoga, Millicent, Bosman, Natasha, Bosvark, Lucinda, Botes, Nicky, Botha, Adele, Botha, Chantall, Botha, Jana, botha, Chantall, Botha, Mandlakayise Irvin, Botha, Alet, Bradbury, Janet, Breakfast, Zandisile, Breed, Maria, Brenda, Molele, Brice, Moshito, Britz, Jolene, Brown, Amanda, Buchanan, T, Bucwa, Thozama, Burger, Crystelle, Busakwe, Ziyanda, Bushula, Nosiviwe, Buthelezi, Zinhle, Buthelezi, Dumsile, Buthelezi, Thubelihle, Buthelezi, Mpumelelo Basil, Buthelezi, Fundiswa Lidwina, Bux, Nadia, Buys, Christoff, Buys, Anneline, Caka, Ernestina, Canal, Armando Sanchez, Caroline, Sithole, Casper, Monrick, Cawood, Shannon, Cebisa, Oratile, Cele, Nothando, Cele, Sboniso, Cele, Sthembile Goodness, Chauke, Mkhacani, Chauke, Pinkie, Chelin, Nevil, Chen, Xiaohui, Chetty, Venmalla, Chetty, Kerisse, Cheu, Christinah, Chibabhai, Vindana, Chirima, Takudzwa, ChisaleMabotja, Mantwa, Chivenge, Charity, Choene, Ngoasheng, Choko, Mbali Nosisa, Choshi, Martin, Chowdhury, Sabbir, Christoforou, Anastacia, Chuene, S L S, Chueu, T S, Cilliers, Dale, Cilliers, Vanessa, Claassen, Marcel, Cloete, Jeané, Coelho, Chantelle, Coetzee, Carol, Coetzee, Hans Jurgens, Coetzee, Christine, Coetzee, Marelize, Coetzer, Dane, Coka, Sizwe, Colane, M, Combrink, Herkulaas, Conjwa, Songezo, Contrad, Colleen, Cornelissen, Faith, Cronje, Leezelle, Crouse, Christine, Dabi, Tshidi, Dandala, Ziyanda, Dangor, Ziyaad, Daniel, Gildenhuys, Daniel, Ngwana, Daumas, Alfred, Dauth, Madelein, David, Mongalo, Davids, Wayne, Daweti, Nozuko, Dawood, Halima, Dayile, Wandisa, De Bruin, B, De Klerk, Karin, De la Rosa, Tanya, de Nysschen, Marice, De vos, Marie, De Wet, Darien, Debising, Mohith, Deenadayalu, Darshan, Dekeda, Babalwa, Desiree, Mofokeng, Deysel, Annelise, Dhlamini, Abram, Diala, Makgethwa Dhlala, Diale, Mathapelo, Diketane, Bella, Dingani, Nosisa, Diniso, Siyabonga, Diphatse, Lesego, Diya, Anele, Dladla, Zihloniphile, Dladla, Nompumelelo, Dladla, Mlungisi, Dladla, Patience, Dlamini, Baphilie, Dlamini, Nonhlanhla, Dlamini, Linda, Dlamini, Nonzwakazi, Dlamini, Wendy, Dlamini, Ncomeka, Dlamini, Siyabonga, Dlamini, Nicodemus, Dlamini, Lebohang, Dlamini, Motshedise, Dlava, Babalwa Christine, Dlova, Phikiwe, Dlozi, Lindiwe, Doreen, Maenetja, Doyi, Vumile, Doyi, Athini, Du Plessis, Belinda, du Plessis, Johanna Aletta, du Plessis, Eddie, du Plessis, Nicolette, du Plessis, Karin, du Toit, Briette, du Toit, Narissa, Dube, Jabulile, Dubula, Athayanda, Duduzile, Msomi, Duiker, Sechaba, Duma, Unati Bongile, Duma, Kholiwe, Dunne, Kella, Dyantyi, Kholeka, Dyantyi, Avile, Dyasi, Simphiwe, Dyondzo, Chauke, Dyubhele, Phelisa, Dywili, B J, Edwards, Letitia, Eksteen, Madie, Ellis, Tersia, Ellis, Tia, Emmerson, Glenda, Enslin, Theusia, Epule, Odimula, Erasmus, Lana, Erick, Mathonsi, Etsane, Lerato, Eunice, Shimange, Fani, Zanele, Ferreira, Mariette, Finger-Motsepe, K L, Floris, Fabion, Fobo, Tseko, Fokotsane, Keresemetse, Fokwana, Duduzile Emmelda, Fords, Genevieve Marion, Fortein, Juanita, Fouche, Christine, Fourie, Rulandi, Frean, Andrew, Fredericks, Ludwig, Funda, Wandile, funjwa, kabelo, Futhane, Martha, Futuse, Amanda, Gabaediwe, Dora, Gabuza, Nonhlanhla, Galant, Janycke, Gama, Zanele, Gano, Thobile, Gardiner, Emma Cora, Gastrow, Henri, Gate, Kelly, Gaunt, Ben, Gavaza, Rikhotso, Gayi, Thapelo, Gcakasi, Nkosinathi, Gcobo, Nomusa, Geffen, Leon, Geldenhuys, S, George, Jenny, Gerber, Martha, Getyengana, Zolisa, Gigi, Nkululo, Gihwala, Radha, Gilliland, Mitchell, Gloria, Zandile, Glover, Elitia, Gokailemang, Ellen, Goosen, Suseth, Gopane, Maria, Gosa-Lufuta, Thandazile, Gosnell, Bernadett, Gouws, Sharleen, Govender, Christina, Govender, Raksha, Govender, Pearl, Govender, Sally, Govender, Roxanne, Govender, K, Govender, Savie, Govinden, Rashika, Gqabuza, Luphumlo, Gqaji, Nomthandazo, Gqetywa, Maneo, Green, Caroline, Green, Nathan, Green, Neera, Grobler, Hendrik, Groenwald, Pamela, Grootboom, Daniel, Gumede, Beatrice, Gumede, Nomonde, Gumede, Simphiwe, Gumede, Slindile, Gumede, Ntombikayise, Gumede, Zenande, Gxotiwe, Thandiswa, H L, Makhubela, Hadebe, Nonhlanhla, Hadebe, Skhumbuzo, Halkas, Christos, Hamer, Ansie, Hamida, Ebrahim, Hammond, Juan, Haniff, Sumayia, Hare, Annelise, Hattingh, lorinda, Hendricks, Thenjiwe, Henecke, Philip-George, Henly-Smith, Brends, Herselman, Glynis, Heymans, Ansie, Heyns, Chantel, Hlabahlaba, Golekane, Hlabangwane, Lucky, Hlamarisa, Simango, Hlanzi, Ntokozo, Hlela, Hlengiwe, Hlokwe, Katlego, Hlongwa, Thembinkosi, Hlongwana, Anele, Hlubi, Themba, Hobo, Tozama, Hopane, Nare Nathaniel, House, Mariska, Hudson, Catharina, Huysamen, Marinda, Indheren, Jezreen, Ingle, Samantha, Isaacs, Gavin, Isaacs, T S Thekiso, Itumeleng, Maringa, J van Rensburg, Karien, Jackson, Saloshni, Jacob, Neziswa, Jacobs, Burton, Jacobs, Tshireletso, Jacobs, Gugulethu, Jaftha, Mesadi, Jaji, Zimkhitha, Jali, Sibusiso, James, Gcobisa, January, Gillian, Jeke, Andiswa, Jeremiah, Laurent, Jeremiah, L S, Jhetam, Mubeen, John, Maureen, John, Chuene, Jola, Thandiwe, Jonas, Yolande, Jonas, Anovick, Juggernath, Amilcar, Kaba, Eileen, Kabo, Venetia, Kadi, Disebo, Kaizer, Karabo, Kambule, Moshaya Peter, Kapp, Lorraine, Kau, Tshepo, Keneth, Nchabeleng, Kgabi, O, Kgafela, Tebogo Audrey, Kgakgadi, Vincent, Kgaswe, Isabella, Kgathlane, Tsholofelo, Kgetha, Vuyelwa Julia, Kgomojoo, Mmaselloane, Kgoro, B, Kgosiemang, Christinah, Kgosiencho, Gloria, Khambula, Stephen, Khan, Ariffa, Khanare, Refemetswe, Khanyase, Ncamsile, Khanyile, Nokwethemba, Kharatsi, Fillip, Khawula, Simangele, Khohlakala, Themba, Khomo, Letitia, Khoza, Isabel, Khoza, Sinethemba, Khukule, Nombulelo, Khumalo, Busisiwe, Khumalo, Tracy, khumalo, Zinhle, Khumalo, Vuyelwa, Khumalo, Delisile, Khumalo, Lebohang, Khumalo, Boitumelo, Khumalo, Thuli, Khumalo, Gugu, Khuzwayo, Bongiwe, Khuzwayo, Thembhelihle, Kidson, Hennie, Kistan, Jesne, Klaas, Gugu, Klassen, Marilyn, Koeberg, Josehine, Koen, Marizel, Koena, Simphiwe, Kok, Ina, Kola, Imraan, Kolokoto, Karabo, Konar, Ramachandra, Kotsedi, Dr, Kotze, Jaline, Koupis, Martins, Kritzinger, Helen, Kruger, Marlize, Kruger, Henk, Kubayi, Tlangelani, Kubeka, Thabisile, Kubheka, Nonjabulo, Kubheka, Melusi, Kubheka, Sibusiso Clifford, Kubheka, Erol, Kumalo, Monica, Kunene, Thulani, Kunene, Siphilile Candy, Kunneke, Yvette, Kupa, R P, Kutama, Rachel, Kwakwazi, Nompumelelo, Kweyama, Lwanele, Labuschagne, Maureen, Labuschagne, Marina, Lakshman, Prabha, Lamani, Lungelo, Lamani, Thembela, Langa, Naomi, Langeni, Khangelani, Langeni, Aphelele, Langeni, Nwabisa Hazel, Langeveldt, Gena, Laubscher, Anchen, Le Roux, Laetitia, Leah, Magagane, Lebea, Collen, Lebea, Sello, Lebenya, Viyella Phumla Cynthia, Lebogang, Lorraine, Leboho, P K, Lee, Chantel, Lefakane, Kelebogile Rejoice, Legoabe, Zandile, Lekala, Patrick, Lekhoaba, Motsitsi, Lekunutu, Tanki Shadrack, Lerefolo, Galaletsang, Letebele, N, Lethoba, Tsepo Patric, Letlalo, Emission, Letlhage, Ofentse, Letshufi, D S V, Letsoalo, Dineo Fiona, Letsoalo, Seleka Jones, Letsoalo, Pennelope, Letwaba, Getrude, Linda, Sobekwa, Lipholo, Katleho, Litabe, Sabata, Lochan, Harsha, Lomax, Linda, Lombaard, Francina, Loots, Elmarie, Lourens, Ariana, Louw, Celeste, Louw, Rianna, Lubambo, Zikhona, Lubambo, Msebenzi Moises, Ludada, Gregory, Lukas, Michael, Lungu, Thembela, Lupindo, Nomvume, Lusenga, Emmah, Luthuli, Happiness, Luvuno, Zoleka Sylvia, M H, Gwangwa, Maarman, Mustafa, Mabaso, Buyisiwe, Mabaso, Cynthia, Mabitle, Morena, Mabogoane, Grace, Mabone, Kgakgamatso, Mabuza, Rueben, Mabuza, Velaphi, Madiseng, Mogantla, Madlala, Thobile, Madolo, Mashooase, Madonsela, Thabiso, Madubanya, Lesetsa, Maepa, Amukelani, Mafumana, Namhla, Mafumo, Caroline, Magadla, Pumeza, Magale, Viscah, Magaqa, Nompumelelo, Magda, Oberholzer, Magdeline, Rakgoale, Maggie, Tswai, Maginxa, Bongeka, Magoba, Cathrine Maite, Magongwa, Caroline, Magubane, Agretia, Magubane, Agretia Ntombizodwa, Magwai, R, Mahabane, D I, Mahabeer, Padmini, Mahadulula, Elsie, Mahanjana, Lungiswa, Maharaj, Amy, Mahlambi, Qedusiza, Mahlangu, Yvonne, Mahlangu, Lerato, Mahlangu, Ntombifikile, Mahlangu, Makhosazana, Mahlangu, Mahlatsi, Mahlasela, Penelope, Mahlatse, Thosago, Mahlobo, Regina, Mahole, Dikhing, Mahomed, Adam, Mahubane, Mapeu Debora, Mahume, Peter, Maifo, Lehlogonolo, Maimane, Vincent, Maimele, Petunia, Maine, Phakoe, Mainongwane, Patricia Senyanyathi, Majamani, Nomalungisa, Majozini, Amahle, Makalima, Noluthando, Makam, Nomfundo, Makamba, Khanyisa, Makan, R, Makarapa, Mashiane, Makgahlela, Malesela, Makgisa, Mogoiwa David, Makgomo, Makgoba, Makgopa, M A, Makhalema, Mabone, Makhanya, Lindokuhle Lizo, Makhanya, Philile Valentia, Makharaedzha, Tolerance, Makhathini, Nathi, Makhesi, Elizabeth, Makhubela, Cinile, Makhunga, Nkululeko Freedom, Makhupula, Nomalinge, Makhura, R R, Makola, Rangwato, Makuba, Zingisa, Makubalo, Asanda, Makumsha, Lonwabo, Makuya, George, Malaka, Levy Mmachuene, Malangeni, Themba, Malatji, M L, Malebana-Metsing, Pelonomi, Malek, Malek, Malevu, Luthando, Malgas, Juanita, Malgas, Dimakatso, Malope, Paul Makgasane, Malose, Monyeki, Maluleke, Katekani, Mambane, Kato, Mamorobela, Nthabiseng, Manamela, Kukami, Manana, Tshepo, Maneto, Sathiel, Manganye, Aron Kabelo, Mangena, Pheto, Mangoale, Anna, Mangozho, Tinotenda Florence, Manickchund, Pariva, Mankayi, Zandisile, Manning, Arthur, Manyaapelo, Kelebogile Manyaapelo, Manyane, Tabea, Manzana, Zoliswa, Manzini, Milton, Mapasa-Dube, Busisiwe, Maphumulo, Siboniso, Maphumulo, Ntombifuthi, Maponya, Sindy, Maponya, Khomotso Mumsy, Maponya, Napjadi, Maqubela, Lami, Maqubela, Lizeka, Maqungo, Vuyo, Marais, Marisa, Marais, Chantal, Maramba, Nondumiso, Mare, Annelize, Maredi, Madumetsa, Martins, Afikile, Marule, Johanna, Marumo, Refilwe, Masakona, N N, Masehla, Kedibone Vincentia, Maseko, Eric, Maselesele, Tshilidzi, Maselo, Mojalefa, Maseloa, M, Masemola, M E, Masemola, Thembi, Mashaba, Bella, Mashangwane, James, Mashao, Mantebele, Mashego, Shalom, Mashele, Lerato, Mashiane, Ester, Mashibini, Joyce, Mashilo, J, Mashiloane, Tumi, Mashishi, Charity, Mashiyi, Ngazibini, Mashudu, Khomola, Masindi, Aluwani, Maslo, Caroline, Masondo, Nduduzo, Masuku, Dumisile, Matamela, Cry, Matandela, Mirriam, Mathabela, Nontokozo, Mathabi, T, Mathe, Keitumetse, Mathebula, Mathabo, Mathebula, Catherine, Mathebula, Mdungazi Andres, Mathenjwa, Nqobizwe, Mathibe, Jane, Mathibela, Lebohang, Mathilda, Makwela, Mathiva, Khakhu, Mathobela, Mokgadi Alinah, Mathonsi, Fikile Pearl, Mathonsi, K P, Mathosa, Katlego, Matiwane, Noluvo, Matjeke, Emma, Matjiane, Bella, Matjila, Thabang, Matlala, Chidi, Matome, Petlo, Matoti, Nolusindiso, Matseliso, C, Matsemela, Dineo, Matsha, Phumeza, Matshediso, Gaalebale Prudence, Matshediso, Motsumi, Matshela, Esther, Mavuma, Bongeka, Mavundla, Pearl, Mavuso, Nomthandazo, Mawasha, Lovender, Mawelela, Rebecca, Mazibuko, Nelisiwe, Mazibuko, Phumlani, Mazubane, Lindiwe, Mbanjwa, Bavumile, Mbasa, Ayanda, Mbatha, Nosimilo, Mbatha, Zanele, Mbatha, Rudolph Zenzele, Mbedzi, Gift, Mbizi, Tatenda Trevor, Mbonambi, Khumbulani, Mboniswa, Nondumiso, Mbonisweni, Nomfanelo, Mbuilu, Jody, Mbulawa, Siyabonga, Mbutho, Zama, Mbuzi, Natasha, Mchunu, Nonkululeko, Mchunu, Cyprian, Mchunu, Nokuzola, Mchunu, Masesi Thandeka, Mciteka, Vuyokazi, Mdaka, Solly, Mdakane, Neho, Mdediswa, Siyabonga, Mdima, Melusi, Mdima Masondo, Nozipho, Mdindana, Siviwe, Mdleleni, Ntombizikhona, Mdletshe, Sibusiso, Mdoda, Gcobisa Precious, Mdolo, Ntombi, Mdontsane, Anele, Mehta, Ruchikas, Memela, Philile Rittah, Methuse, Masande, Metshile, Keatlaretse, Metuse, Pheliswa, Meyer, Anton, Meyer, Gavin, Meyer, Cameron, Mfazwe, Sisonke, Mfecane, Andiswa, Mfecane, Bongeka, Mfeka, Nelisiwe, Mgaga, Busisiwe, Mgauli, Thandiwe Portia, Mgedezi, Thembekile, Mgedezi, Vuyokazi, Mgevane, Kalipile, Mgiba, Bongni, Mgoduka, Babalwa, Mhlaba, Patrick, Mhlaba, Zeldah, Mhlanga, Ntombizodwa, Mhlinza, Vangile, Mhlongo, Nokuthula, Mhlongo, sibongiseni, Mhlotshana, Unamandla, Mikateko, Mabaso, Minnie, Helena, Mintoor, Karen, Miyeni, Bongi, M J, Mabelane, Mjethu, Rosy, Mkhize, Gloria, Mkhize, Mvuselelo, Mkhize, Ntokozo Siyabonga, Mkhize, Victoria, Mkhize, Nomkhosi, Mkhize, Nokuthula, Mkhwanazi, Mathini, Mkile, Nolwandle, Mkise, Kholofelo, Mkiya, Nokwandiso, Mkongi, Pearl, Mkungeka, Mnonopheli, Mlahleki, Hlomile, Mlibali, Nolukholo, Mlungwana, Sakhumzi, Mmachele, Jonas, Mmateka, Mashatole, Mmokwa, Molebatsi, Mmutlane, Thembisa, Mndebele, Zanele Olive, Mngomezulu, Nonhlanhla, Mnguni, Noluthando Millicent, Mngunyana, Pumza, Mngunyana, Nomxolisi, Mngxekeza, Ntombebongo, Mnisi, Zenzele, Mnqayi, Hlengiwe Precious, Mnqayi, Phumzile, Mntungwa, Thabiso, Mnyaka, Siya, Mnyakeni, Ntombikayise, Mnyamana, Vuyani, Mnyipika, Nomzingisi, Moabelo, Koena, Moatshe, Mmakgoshi Alseria, Mochaki-Senoge, Jennifer, Moche, Sharon, Mocwagae, Tebello, Modibane, Koeikantse, Modimoeng, Tebogo godfrey, Modisa, Obakeng, Modisane, Itumeleng, Modise, Olebogeng, Modjadji, Makaepeaa Flovia, Modupe, Sharon, Moeketsi, Maja, Moeketsi, Ntswaki, Moeng, Kereditse Kingsley, Mofamere, Naledi Nthabiseng, Mofokeng, Samuel, Mofokeng, Thabo, Mofomme, Jonas, Mogakane, Vicky, Mogale, Lehlohonolo, Mogapi, Audrey, Mogashoa, Thomas, Mogatla, Mphaka James, Mogoale, Kgaladi, Mohajane, Dikeledi Maggie, Mohapi, Nkuba, Mohatsela, Mthoamihla, Mohlala, Irene, Mohlala, Daphney, Mohlamonyane, Mpho, Mohutsiwa, Bonolo Millord, Moipone, Selemela, Moisi, Tshepang, Mojalefa, Nelly, Moji, Vuyo, Mokangwana, Buhle, Mokgabo, Matloa, Mokgaetji, Manaka, Mokgaotsi, Jane, Mokgoro, Neo Theodore, Mokhatla, Thalitha, Mokhele, Lerato Lovedalia, Mokhema, Sheila, Mokoena, Mamoya, Mokoena, Mojalefa, Mokome, Lleka, Mokone, Cynthia, Mokono, Ipeleng, Mokonyama, Thabiso, Mokori, Josiah, Mokuena, Dolores, Mokumo, Danny, Mokwena, Oddy, Mokwena, Kgaogelo, Mokwena, Kgantshi Sam, Mokwene, Lebogang, Molate, Thato Elliott, Molebalwa, Ditoche, Molefe, Boingotlo, Molehe, Kgopa Stanley, Moleme, Kgomotso, Moliane, Sarah, Moloi, Fanyana, Molorane, Retshepile Joseph, Molotsi, Glenda Tsholanang, Molukanele, Lerato, Monareng, Joy, Moncho, Thapelo, Monica, Modiadie, Monnane, Refilwe, Monqo, Andile, Montewa, Neo, Montsioa, Kgalalelo, Monyaki, Reitumetse, Monyane, Masekhobe Jeanett, Monyela, Lipson, Moodley, Yudeshan, Moodley, Kriesen, Moodley, Kaira, Mooka, Boitumelo Donald, Moonsamy, Prea, Moopanar, Simmi, Moore, David, Mophethe, Lineo, Moremedi, Tshegohatso, Moremong, Kealeboga, Morgan, Nthangeni, Moripa, Egma, Morris, Lulamile, Mosala, Me. A.M., Mosana, Thabo, Mosase, Alice, Mose, Yolanda, Mosehlo, Maponya, Moseki, Mothusi, Moshabe, Mojalefa David, Moshai, D A, Moshani, Mbulelo, Moshani, Pelisa, Mosima, Ledwaba, Mosima, Ezrom, Mosoma, M P, Motaung, Lebohang, Motaung, Mokete, Motaung Xhama, Thozama Charmain, Motha, Purine Khethiwe, Motimele, Lerato, Motimeng, Boitumelo, Motladiile, Shirley, Motlhabane, Otsile, Motlhamme, Joshua, Motloba, Mandla, Motse, Kagiso, Motshegoa, Sophia, Moutlana, Edward, Mouton, Irma, Moya, Zanele, Moyake, Nomonde, M P, Maja, Mpete, Jenny, Mpfuni, Luamba Meltha, Mphahlele, Seputule Mphahlele, Mphake, Mashadi, Mphanya, Ephraim Letlhogonolo, Mphaphuli, Mashudu, Mphela, Tebogo Chwene, Mpontshane, MS, Mqotyana, Thabile, Mqungquthu, Babalwa, Msane, Noluthando Busane, Mseleku, Malusi, Msibi, Sibusiso, Msibi, Mancele, Msibi, Thulisile, Msibi, Siyabonga Linda, Msiza, Clement Nhlanhla, Msomi, Lungelo, Mtatambi, Mandlenkosi, Mthathambi, Thembisa, Mthembu, December, Mthembu, Nhlahla, Mthembu, Fezile Mbali, Mthembu, Lungiswa, Mthethwa, Nompumelelo Petunia, Mthimkhulu, Khulekani, Mthuli, Lungani Percival, Mthunzi, Ashley, Mtolo, Xolani Sydney, Mtolo, Nomonde Precious, Mtshali, Linda, Mtwa, Neliswa, Mtyobile, Fezeka, Mtyobile, Kanyisa, Mudau, Mpfariseni, Muemeleli, Magwabeni, Mulaudzi, Isaac, Mulaudzi, Rebecca, Mulaudzi, Mhlelekedzeni, Muligwe, Dakalo Rejoyce, Muponda, Blessing, Mushadi, Mmbangiseni Stella, Mushid, M, Muthaphuli, Konanani, Muthavhine, J, Muthika, Mpho, Mvelase, Samkelisiwe, Mvelase, Vusi, Mwehu, Laurent Kayumba, Myaka, Thabile, myburgh, Magriet, Mzamo, Zimkhitha, Mzawuziwa, Fezeka, Mzini, Mfundo Lunga, Mzizana, Oscar, Mzobe, Ntokozo, Mzobe, Thokozile, Mzobe, Zamaswazi, Mzwandile, Mtimkulu, Naby, Fathima, Naicker, Keshnee, Naicker, Pregashnie, Naicker, Saroja, Naicker, Pershen, Naicker, Saiyen Virgil, Naidoo, Ria, Naidoo, Sam, Naidoo, Mergan, Naidoo, Kamalambal, Naidoo, Aroomugam, Naku, Sivuyile, Nakwa, Firdose, Nancy, Masoga, Nathan, Rita, Naude, Maritsa, Ncaza, Gcobisa, Ncaza, Aviwe, Ncha, Relebohile, Ncoyini, Yanelisa, Ncube, Snothile, Ndaba, Mrs, Ndaba, Vusumuzi, Ndaba, Mmapula, Ndawonde, Siziwe, Ndevu, Ziphozihle, Ndhlovu, Nonhlanhla Faith, Ndima, Simphiwe, Ndlela, Sindisiwe, Ndlela, Thobsile P, Ndlovu, Nobuhle, Ndlovu, Nwabisa, Ndlovu, Virginia Dipuo, Ndlumbini, Sombekhaya, Nduli, Khululiwe, Nduli, Priscilla Nontokozo, Ndwambi, Michael, Nel, Jeremy, Nel, Rina, Nel, Lizelle, Nemanashi, Ntsundeni florah, Nemudivhiso, Usinkhangwe Nyaphophi, Nemutavhanani, Joyce Nemutavhanani, Nene, Jabu, Nene, Xolani, Netshilonga, David, Netsianda, Rendani, Newton, Charmaine, Ngalo, Vuyo Leroy, Ngani, Ncumisa, Ngcakaza, Thabisa Monica, Ngcobo, Thamela, Ngcobo, Trulove Nonhlanhla, Ngcobo, Richards, Ngcobo, Gcinile, Ngcobo, Guguletu, Ngetu, Thozama, Ngewu, Pinkie, Ngobeni, Tshepo, Ngobeni, Providence, Ngobeni, Khanyisile, Ngobeni, Prudence, Ngobese, Thembisile, Ngomane, Tracy, Ngondo, Nolusindiso, Ngubane, Nokukhanya, Ngubane, Sithembiso, Nguse, Ntombizodwa Praxedise, 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Strydom, Riaan, Adelekan, Tsholofelo, Mdlovu, Bhekizizwe, Moodley, Nirvasha, Namavhandu, Eunice L, Venturas, Jacqueline, Magula, Nombulelo, and Blumberg, Lucille
Published: 2021
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2. DNA METHYLATION PROFILES OF THE IGF2/H19 IMPRINTING CONTROL REGION (ICR) IN SUBJECTS WITH FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME (FAS): P043

Author: Masemola, M. L., Lombard, Z., Viljoen, D. L., and Ramsay, M.
Published: 2010

3. ALCOHOL INDUCED EPIGENETIC EFFECTS ON IMPRINTED GENES IN HUMAN SPERM DNA: IMPLICATIONS FOR FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDERS: S134

Author: Ramsay, M., Masemola, M. L., Pitamber, P., Patel, S., Lombard, Z., and Viljoen, D. L.
Published: 2010

4. Risk factors for COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality in a high HIV and tuberculosis prevalence setting in South Africa: a cohort study

Author: Jassat, Waasila, Cohen, Cheryl, Tempia, Stefano, Masha, Maureen, Goldstein, Susan, Kufa, Tendesayi, Murangandi, Pelagia, Savulescu, Dana, Walaza, Sibongile, Bam, Jamy-Lee, Davies, Mary-Ann, Prozesky, Hans W, Naude, Jonathan, Mnguni, Ayanda T, Lawrence, Charlene A, Mathema, Hlengani T, Zamparini, Jarrod, Black, John, Mehta, Ruchika, Parker, Arifa, Chikobvu, Perpetual, Dawood, Halima, Muvhango, Ntshengedzeni, Strydom, Riaan, Adelekan, Tsholofelo, Mdlovu, Bhekizizwe, Moodley, Nirvasha, Namavhandu, Eunice L, Rheeder, Paul, Venturas, Jacqueline, Magula, Nombulelo, Blumberg, Lucille, Abdullah, Shaina, Abrahams, Fiona, Adams, Vincentius, Adnane, Fhima, Adoni, Sonia, Adoons, Dieketso Melitta, Africa, Veronique, Aguinaga, D, Akach, Susan, Alakram Khelawon, Prisha, Aldrich, George, Alesinloye, Olatunde, Aletta, Mathale Biniki, Alice, Mametja, Aphane, Tebogo, Archary, Moherndran, Arends, Felicity, Arends, Shireen, Aser, Munonde, Asmal, T, Asvat, Mohammed, Avenant, Theunis, Avhazwivhoni, 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Haniff, Sumayia, Hare, Annelise, Hattingh, lorinda, Hendricks, Thenjiwe, Henecke, Philip-George, Henly-Smith, Brends, Herselman, Glynis, Heymans, Ansie, Heyns, Chantel, Hlabahlaba, Golekane, Hlabangwane, Lucky, Hlamarisa, Simango, Hlanzi, Ntokozo, Hlela, Hlengiwe, Hlokwe, Katlego, Hlongwa, Thembinkosi, Hlongwana, Anele, Hlubi, Themba, Hobo, Tozama, Hopane, Nare Nathaniel, House, Mariska, Hudson, Catharina, Huysamen, Marinda, Indheren, Jezreen, Ingle, Samantha, Isaacs, Gavin, Isaacs, T S Thekiso, Itumeleng, Maringa, J van Rensburg, Karien, Jackson, Saloshni, Jacob, Neziswa, Jacobs, Burton, Jacobs, Tshireletso, Jacobs, Gugulethu, Jaftha, Mesadi, Jaji, Zimkhitha, Jali, Sibusiso, James, Gcobisa, January, Gillian, Jeke, Andiswa, Jeremiah, Laurent, Jeremiah, L S, Jhetam, Mubeen, John, Maureen, John, Chuene, Jola, Thandiwe, Jonas, Yolande, Jonas, Anovick, Juggernath, Amilcar, Kaba, Eileen, Kabo, Venetia, Kadi, Disebo, Kaizer, Karabo, Kambule, Moshaya Peter, Kapp, Lorraine, Kau, Tshepo, Keneth, Nchabeleng, Kgabi, O, Kgafela, Tebogo Audrey, Kgakgadi, Vincent, Kgaswe, Isabella, Kgathlane, Tsholofelo, Kgetha, Vuyelwa Julia, Kgomojoo, Mmaselloane, Kgoro, B, Kgosiemang, Christinah, Kgosiencho, Gloria, Khambula, Stephen, Khan, Ariffa, Khanare, Refemetswe, Khanyase, Ncamsile, Khanyile, Nokwethemba, Kharatsi, Fillip, Khawula, Simangele, Khohlakala, Themba, Khomo, Letitia, Khoza, Isabel, Khoza, Sinethemba, Khukule, Nombulelo, Khumalo, Busisiwe, Khumalo, Tracy, khumalo, Zinhle, Khumalo, Vuyelwa, Khumalo, Delisile, Khumalo, Lebohang, Khumalo, Boitumelo, Khumalo, Thuli, Khumalo, Gugu, Khuzwayo, Bongiwe, Khuzwayo, Thembhelihle, Kidson, Hennie, Kistan, Jesne, Klaas, Gugu, Klassen, Marilyn, Koeberg, Josehine, Koen, Marizel, Koena, Simphiwe, Kok, Ina, Kola, Imraan, Kolokoto, Karabo, Konar, Ramachandra, Kotsedi, Dr, Kotze, Jaline, Koupis, Martins, Kritzinger, Helen, Kruger, Marlize, Kruger, Henk, Kubayi, Tlangelani, Kubeka, Thabisile, Kubheka, Nonjabulo, Kubheka, Melusi, Kubheka, Sibusiso Clifford, Kubheka, Erol, Kumalo, Monica, Kunene, Thulani, Kunene, Siphilile Candy, Kunneke, Yvette, Kupa, R P, Kutama, Rachel, Kwakwazi, Nompumelelo, Kweyama, Lwanele, Labuschagne, Maureen, Labuschagne, Marina, Lakshman, Prabha, Lakshman, Prabha, Lamani, Lungelo, Lamani, Thembela, Langa, Naomi, Langeni, Khangelani, Langeni, Aphelele, Langeni, Nwabisa Hazel, Langeveldt, Gena, Laubscher, Anchen, Le Roux, Laetitia, Leah, Magagane, Lebea, Collen, Lebea, Sello, Lebenya, Viyella Phumla Cynthia, Lebogang, Lorraine, Leboho, P K, Lee, Chantel, Lefakane, Kelebogile Rejoice, Legoabe, Zandile, Lekala, Patrick, Lekhoaba, Motsitsi, Lekunutu, Tanki Shadrack, Lerefolo, Galaletsang, Letebele, N, Lethoba, Tsepo Patric, Letlalo, Emission, Letlhage, Ofentse, Letshufi, D S V, Letsoalo, Dineo Fiona, Letsoalo, Seleka Jones, Letsoalo, Pennelope, Letwaba, Getrude, Linda, Sobekwa, Lipholo, Katleho, Litabe, Sabata, Lochan, Harsha, Lomax, Linda, Lombaard, Francina, Loots, Elmarie, Lourens, Ariana, Lourens, Ariana, Louw, Celeste, Louw, Rianna, Lubambo, Zikhona, Lubambo, Msebenzi Moises, Ludada, Gregory, Lukas, Michael, Lungu, Thembela, Lupindo, Nomvume, Lusenga, Emmah, Luthuli, Happiness, Luvuno, Zoleka Sylvia, M H, Gwangwa, Maarman, Mustafa, Mabaso, Buyisiwe, Mabaso, Cynthia, Mabitle, Morena, Mabogoane, Grace, Mabone, Kgakgamatso, Mabuza, Rueben, Mabuza, Velaphi, Madiseng, Mogantla, Madlala, Thobile, Madolo, Mashooase, Madonsela, Thabiso, Madubanya, Lesetsa, Maepa, Amukelani, Mafumana, Namhla, Mafumo, Caroline, Magadla, Pumeza, Magale, Viscah, Magaqa, Nompumelelo, Magda, Oberholzer, Magdeline, Rakgoale, Maggie, Tswai, Maginxa, Bongeka, Magoba, Cathrine Maite, Magongwa, Caroline, Magubane, Agretia, Magubane, Agretia Ntombizodwa, Magwai, R, Mahabane, D I, Mahabeer, Padmini, Mahadulula, Elsie, Mahanjana, Lungiswa, Maharaj, Amy, Mahlambi, Qedusiza, Mahlangu, Yvonne, Mahlangu, Lerato, Mahlangu, Ntombifikile, Mahlangu, Makhosazana, Mahlangu, Mahlatsi, Mahlasela, Penelope, Mahlatse, Thosago, Mahlobo, Regina, Mahole, Dikhing, Mahomed, Adam, Mahubane, Mapeu Debora, Mahume, Peter, Maifo, Lehlogonolo, Maimane, Vincent, Maimele, Petunia, Maine, Phakoe, Mainongwane, Patricia Senyanyathi, Majamani, Nomalungisa, Majozini, Amahle, Makalima, Noluthando, Makam, Nomfundo, Makamba, Khanyisa, Makan, R, Makarapa, Mashiane, Makgahlela, Malesela, Makgisa, Mogoiwa David, Makgomo, Makgoba, Makgopa, M A, Makhalema, Mabone, Makhanya, Lindokuhle Lizo, Makhanya, Philile Valentia, Makharaedzha, Tolerance, Makhathini, Nathi, Makhesi, Elizabeth, Makhubela, Cinile, Makhunga, Nkululeko Freedom, Makhupula, Nomalinge, Makhura, R R, Makola, Rangwato, Makuba, Zingisa, Makubalo, Asanda, Makumsha, Lonwabo, Makuya, George, Malaka, Levy Mmachuene, Malangeni, Themba, Malatji, M L, Malebana-Metsing, Pelonomi, Malek, Malek, Malevu, Luthando, Malevu, Luthando, Malgas, Juanita, Malgas, Dimakatso, Malope, Paul Makgasane, Malose, Monyeki, Maluleke, Katekani, Mambane, Kato, Mamorobela, Nthabiseng, Manamela, Kukami, Manana, Tshepo, Maneto, Sathiel, Manganye, Aron Kabelo, Mangena, Pheto, Mangoale, Anna, Mangozho, Tinotenda Florence, Manickchund, Pariva, Mankayi, Zandisile, Manning, Arthur, Manyaapelo, Kelebogile Manyaapelo, Manyane, Tabea, Manzana, Zoliswa, Manzini, Milton, Mapasa-Dube, Busisiwe, Maphumulo, Siboniso, Maphumulo, Ntombifuthi, Maponya, Sindy, Maponya, Khomotso Mumsy, Maponya, Napjadi, Maqubela, Lami, Maqubela, Lizeka, Maqungo, Vuyo, Marais, Marisa, Marais, Chantal, Maramba, Nondumiso, Mare, Annelize, Maredi, Madumetsa, Martins, Afikile, Marule, Johanna, Marumo, Refilwe, Masakona, N N, Masehla, Kedibone Vincentia, Maseko, Eric, Maselesele, Tshilidzi, Maselo, Mojalefa, Maseloa, M, Masemola, M E, Masemola, Thembi, Mashaba, Bella, Mashangwane, James, Mashao, Mantebele, Mashego, Shalom, Mashele, Lerato, Mashiane, Ester, Mashibini, Joyce, Mashilo, J, Mashiloane, Tumi, Mashishi, Charity, Mashiyi, Ngazibini, Mashudu, Khomola, Masindi, Aluwani, Maslo, Caroline, Masondo, Nduduzo, Masuku, Dumisile, Matamela, Cry, Matandela, Mirriam, Mathabela, Nontokozo, Mathabi, T, Mathe, Keitumetse, Mathebula, Mathabo, Mathebula, Catherine, Mathebula, Mdungazi Andres, Mathenjwa, Nqobizwe, Mathibe, Jane, Mathibela, Lebohang, Mathilda, Makwela, Mathiva, Khakhu, Mathobela, Mokgadi Alinah, Mathonsi, Fikile Pearl, Mathonsi, K P, Mathosa, Katlego, Matiwane, Noluvo, Matjeke, Emma, Matjiane, Bella, Matjila, Thabang, Matlala, Chidi, Matome, Petlo, Matoti, Nolusindiso, Matseliso, C, Matsemela, Dineo, Matsha, Phumeza, Matshediso, Gaalebale Prudence, Matshediso, Motsumi, Matshela, Esther, Mavuma, Bongeka, Mavundla, Pearl, Mavuso, Nomthandazo, Mawasha, Lovender, Mawelela, Rebecca, Mazibuko, Nelisiwe, Mazibuko, Phumlani, Mazubane, Lindiwe, Mbanjwa, Bavumile, Mbasa, Ayanda, Mbatha, Nosimilo, Mbatha, Zanele, Mbatha, Rudolph Zenzele, Mbedzi, Gift, Mbizi, Tatenda Trevor, Mbonambi, Khumbulani, Mboniswa, Nondumiso, Mbonisweni, Nomfanelo, Mbuilu, Jody, Mbulawa, Siyabonga, Mbutho, Zama, Mbuzi, Natasha, Mchunu, Nonkululeko, Mchunu, Cyprian, Mchunu, Nokuzola, Mchunu, Masesi Thandeka, Mciteka, Vuyokazi, Mdaka, Solly, Mdakane, Neho, Mdediswa, Siyabonga, Mdima, Melusi, Mdima Masondo, Nozipho, Mdindana, Siviwe, Mdleleni, Ntombizikhona, Mdletshe, Sibusiso, Mdoda, Gcobisa Precious, Mdolo, Ntombi, Mdontsane, Anele, Mehta, Ruchikas, Memela, Philile Rittah, Methuse, Masande, Metshile, Keatlaretse, Metuse, Pheliswa, Meyer, Anton, Meyer, Gavin, Meyer, Cameron, Mfazwe, Sisonke, Mfecane, Andiswa, Mfecane, Bongeka, Mfeka, Nelisiwe, Mgaga, Busisiwe, Mgauli, Thandiwe Portia, Mgedezi, Thembekile, Mgedezi, Vuyokazi, Mgevane, Kalipile, Mgiba, Bongni, Mgoduka, Babalwa, Mhlaba, Patrick, Mhlaba, Zeldah, Mhlanga, Ntombizodwa, Mhlinza, Vangile, Mhlongo, Nokuthula, Mhlongo, sibongiseni, Mhlotshana, Unamandla, Mikateko, Mabaso, Minnie, Helena, Mintoor, Karen, Miyeni, Bongi, M J, Mabelane, Mjethu, Rosy, Mkhize, Gloria, Mkhize, Mvuselelo, Mkhize, Ntokozo Siyabonga, Mkhize, Victoria, Mkhize, Nomkhosi, Mkhize, Nokuthula, Mkhwanazi, Mathini, Mkile, Nolwandle, Mkise, Kholofelo, Mkiya, Nokwandiso, Mkongi, Pearl, Mkongi, Pearl, Mkungeka, Mnonopheli, Mlahleki, Hlomile, Mlibali, Nolukholo, Mlungwana, Sakhumzi, Mmachele, Jonas, Mmateka, Mashatole, Mmokwa, Molebatsi, Mmutlane, Thembisa, Mndebele, Zanele Olive, Mngomezulu, Nonhlanhla, Mnguni, Noluthando Millicent, Mngunyana, Pumza, Mngunyana, Nomxolisi, Mngxekeza, Ntombebongo, Mnisi, Zenzele, Mnqayi, Hlengiwe Precious, Mnqayi, Phumzile, Mntungwa, Thabiso, Mnyaka, Siya, Mnyakeni, Ntombikayise, Mnyamana, Vuyani, Mnyipika, Nomzingisi, Moabelo, Koena, Moatshe, Mmakgoshi Alseria, Mochaki-Senoge, Jennifer, Moche, Sharon, Mocwagae, Tebello, Modibane, Koeikantse, Modimoeng, Tebogo godfrey, Modisa, Obakeng, Modisane, Itumeleng, Modise, Olebogeng, Modjadji, Makaepeaa Flovia, Modupe, Sharon, Moeketsi, Maja, Moeketsi, Ntswaki, Moeng, Kereditse Kingsley, Mofamere, Naledi Nthabiseng, Mofokeng, Samuel, Mofokeng, Thabo, Mofomme, Jonas, Mogakane, Vicky, Mogale, Lehlohonolo, Mogapi, Audrey, Mogashoa, Thomas, Mogatla, Mphaka James, Mogoale, Kgaladi, Mohajane, Dikeledi Maggie, Mohapi, Nkuba, Mohatsela, Mthoamihla, Mohlala, Irene, Mohlala, Daphney, Mohlamonyane, Mpho, Mohutsiwa, Bonolo Millord, Moipone, Selemela, Moisi, Tshepang, Mojalefa, Nelly, Moji, Vuyo, Mokangwana, Buhle, Mokgabo, Matloa, Mokgaetji, Manaka, Mokgaotsi, Jane, Mokgoro, Neo Theodore, Mokhatla, Thalitha, Mokhele, Lerato Lovedalia, Mokhema, Sheila, Mokoena, Mamoya, Mokoena, Mojalefa, Mokome, Lleka, Mokone, Cynthia, Mokono, Ipeleng, Mokonyama, Thabiso, Mokori, Josiah, Mokuena, Dolores, Mokumo, Danny, Mokwena, Oddy, Mokwena, Kgaogelo, Mokwena, Kgantshi Sam, Mokwene, Lebogang, Molate, Thato Elliott, Molebalwa, Ditoche, Molefe, Boingotlo, Molehe, Kgopa Stanley, Moleme, Kgomotso, Moliane, Sarah, Moloi, Fanyana, Molorane, Retshepile Joseph, Molotsi, Glenda Tsholanang, Molukanele, Lerato, Monareng, Joy, Moncho, Thapelo, Monica, Modiadie, Monnane, Refilwe, Monqo, Andile, Montewa, Neo, Montsioa, Kgalalelo, Monyaki, Reitumetse, Monyane, Masekhobe Jeanett, Monyela, Lipson, Moodley, Yudeshan, Moodley, Kriesen, Moodley, Kaira, Mooka, Boitumelo Donald, Moonsamy, Prea, Moopanar, Simmi, Moore, David, Mophethe, Lineo, Moremedi, Tshegohatso, Moremong, Kealeboga, Morgan, Nthangeni, Moripa, Egma, Morris, Lulamile, Mosala, Me. A.M., Mosana, Thabo, Mosase, Alice, Mose, Yolanda, Mosehlo, Maponya, Moseki, Mothusi, Moshabe, Mojalefa David, Moshai, D A, Moshani, Mbulelo, Moshani, Pelisa, Mosima, Ledwaba, Mosima, Ezrom, Mosoma, M P, Motaung, Lebohang, Motaung, Mokete, Motaung Xhama, Thozama Charmain, Motha, Purine Khethiwe, Motimele, Lerato, Motimeng, Boitumelo, Motladiile, Shirley, Motlhabane, Otsile, Motlhamme, Joshua, Motloba, Mandla, Motse, Kagiso, Motshegoa, Sophia, Moutlana, Edward, Mouton, Irma, Moya, Zanele, Moyake, Nomonde, M P, Maja, Mpete, Jenny, Mpfuni, Luamba Meltha, Mphahlele, Seputule Mphahlele, Mphake, Mashadi, Mphanya, Ephraim Letlhogonolo, Mphaphuli, Mashudu, Mphela, Tebogo Chwene, Mpontshane, MS, Mqotyana, Thabile, Mqungquthu, Babalwa, Msane, Noluthando Busane, Mseleku, Malusi, Msibi, Sibusiso, Msibi, Mancele, Msibi, Thulisile, Msibi, Siyabonga Linda, Msiza, Clement Nhlanhla, Msomi, Lungelo, Mtatambi, Mandlenkosi, Mthathambi, Thembisa, Mthembu, December, Mthembu, Nhlahla, Mthembu, Fezile Mbali, Mthembu, Lungiswa, Mthethwa, Nompumelelo Petunia, Mthimkhulu, Khulekani, Mthuli, Lungani Percival, Mthunzi, Ashley, Mtolo, Xolani Sydney, Mtolo, Nomonde Precious, Mtshali, Linda, Mtwa, Neliswa, Mtyobile, Fezeka, Mtyobile, Kanyisa, Mudau, Mpfariseni, Muemeleli, Magwabeni, Mulaudzi, Isaac, Mulaudzi, Rebecca, Mulaudzi, Mhlelekedzeni, Muligwe, Dakalo Rejoyce, Muponda, Blessing, Mushadi, Mmbangiseni Stella, Mushid, M, Muthaphuli, Konanani, Muthavhine, J, Muthika, Mpho, Mvelase, Samkelisiwe, Mvelase, Vusi, Mwehu, Laurent Kayumba, Myaka, Thabile, myburgh, Magriet, Mzamo, Zimkhitha, Mzawuziwa, Fezeka, Mzini, Mfundo Lunga, Mzizana, Oscar, Mzobe, Ntokozo, Mzobe, Thokozile, Mzobe, Zamaswazi, Mzwandile, Mtimkulu, Naby, Fathima, Naicker, Keshnee, Naicker, Pregashnie, Naicker, Saroja, Naicker, Pershen, Naicker, Saiyen Virgil, Naidoo, Ria, Naidoo, Sam, Naidoo, Mergan, Naidoo, Kamalambal, Naidoo, Aroomugam, Naku, Sivuyile, Nakwa, Firdose, Nancy, Masoga, Nathan, Rita, Naude, Maritsa, Ncaza, Gcobisa, Ncaza, Aviwe, Ncha, Relebohile, Ncoyini, Yanelisa, Ncube, Snothile, Ndaba, Mrs, Ndaba, Vusumuzi, Ndaba, Mmapula, Ndawonde, Siziwe, Ndevu, Ziphozihle, Ndhlovu, Nonhlanhla Faith, Ndima, Simphiwe, Ndlela, Sindisiwe, Ndlela, Thobsile P, Ndlovu, Nobuhle, Ndlovu, Nwabisa, Ndlovu, Virginia Dipuo, Ndlumbini, Sombekhaya, Nduli, Khululiwe, Nduli, Priscilla Nontokozo, Ndwambi, Michael, Nel, Jeremy, Nel, Rina, Nel, Lizelle, Nemanashi, Ntsundeni florah, Nemudivhiso, Usinkhangwe Nyaphophi, Nemutavhanani, Joyce Nemutavhanani, Nene, Jabu, Nene, Xolani, Netshilonga, David, Netsianda, Rendani, Newton, Charmaine, Ngalo, Vuyo Leroy, Ngani, Ncumisa, Ngcakaza, Thabisa Monica, Ngcobo, Thamela, Ngcobo, Trulove Nonhlanhla, Ngcobo, Richards, Ngcobo, Gcinile, Ngcobo, Guguletu, Ngetu, Thozama, Ngewu, Pinkie, Ngobeni, Tshepo, Ngobeni, Providence, Ngobeni, Khanyisile, Ngobeni, Prudence, Ngobese, Thembisile, Ngomane, Tracy, Ngondo, Nolusindiso, Ngubane, Nokukhanya, Ngubane, Sithembiso, Nguse, Ntombizodwa Praxedise, Ngwane, Tholakele, Ngwasheng, Elizabeth, Ngwenya, Siphamandla, Ngwenya, Gugu, Ngwenya, Nomthandazo, Ngwenya, Themba, Ngwenya, Eva, Ngxola, Zintlanu, Nhabe, Tshegofatso, Nhlabathi, Jabulile, Nhlangwana, Ishmael, Nhlapo, Sithembile, Nick, Matlala, Niemand, Vicky, Nienaber, Carina, Nix, Louise, Njikelana, Chumisa, Njomi, Masiza, Nkabinde, Lucia, NKABINDE, M, Nkabiti, Boitumelo, Nkabule, Gugu, Nkadimeng, Mankopodi, Nkanjeni, Nonkanyiso, Nkatlo, Palesa Portia, Nkewana, Bongani, Nkhwashu, Audrey, Nkoana, Ngokoana, Nkoane, Mmathapelo, Nkogatse, M, Nkomo, Fezile, Nkomo, Ntando, Nkonyane, Nontobeko, Nkosi, Sydney, Nkosi, Ntombikayise, Nkosi, Phumzile, Nkosi, Ntombifuthi, NKOSI, TINTSWALO, Nkosi, ML, Nkosi, Godfrey, Nkosi, Amukelani, Nkosi, Fikile Vinoliah, Nkosi, Mbali, Nkosi, Nomcebo Lucia, Nkosi, Siphokazi, Nkuhlu, Amanda, Nkumane, Phumzile, Nkuna, Malebo, Nkwakwha, Wendy, Noge, Sesi, Nolte, Elizabeth, Nomawabo, Peko, Nombita, Malibongwe, Nophale, Nandipha, Nothnagel, Jeanetta, Novokoza, Bongiwe, Nqaphi, Zanele, Nqondo, Thobekile, Nqwelo, Siphokazi, N S, Nkoana, Ntabeni, Sindiswa, Ntabeni, Mr, Ntampula, mawethu, Ntebe, Mthutuzeli, Ntela, Mokwabo, Ntimbane, Hezekiah, Ntintsilana, Xolisa, Ntleki, Patrick, Ntobela, Zanele, Ntombela, Bandile, Ntombela, Bandile, Ntombela, Zamaswazi, Ntombela, Khonelihle Zandile, Ntombela, Praisegod Samkelo Thobani, Ntonintshi, Lindiwe, Ntseane, Dipuo, Ntseane, Thobeka, Ntsham, Xolelwa, Ntshele, Mbalenhle, Ntshewula, Amanda, Ntsoko, Zinzi, Ntsoto, Athini, Ntuli, Nomsa, Ntuli, Nokwazi, Ntuli, Nomvula, Ntuli, Andrew Diffar, Ntuli, Faith, Nurnberger, Margrit, Nxala, Ntsikelelo, Nxasane, Sithandiwe, Nxumalo, Thanda, Nyathi, Xolani, Nyawula, Nontobeko, Nzama, Nhlakanipho, Obed, Maila Nkuneng, Ogwal, Florence, Olifant, Maureen, Oliphant, B, Olive, Monota, Olyn, Kagisho, Omoighe, Raymond, One, Phumeza, Oscar, Ratombo, Owen, Nkuna, P, Mailula, Padayachee, Nalini, Padayachy, Vasaily, Pakade, Ntombizakhe, Palime, Mosiuoa, Palisa, Jane, Parker, Arifa, Parkies, Lesenyeho, Parrish, Andy, Patel, Nilesh, Pather, Anastasia, Patience, Mkhombo Tsakani, Patzke, Marisa, Pawuli, Akhumzi, Pelako, Ntandokazi, Penrose, Phaswana Sibasa, Peppeta, Litha, Pershad, Santosh, Pertunia, Makheda, Pertunia, Nkuna, Perumal, Dane, Peter, Mongameli, Peters, Justin, Petlane, Vatiswa, Petrus, Harideen, Phahladira, Kgomotso, Phakisa, Matebesi John, Phale, R, Phathela, Livhuwani, Phillip, Sekate Daniel, Phiri, Beverly, Phiri, Mapule Precious, Phokane, Thapelo, Phokoane, Frank, Pholosho, Moele, Phooko, Sekoro, Phooko, Sekodi Geoffrey, Phutiane, Maponya, Pillay, Faiza, Pillay, Melanie, Pillay, Sayuri, Pillay, C R, Plaatjie, Zikhona, Pootona, James, Potgieter, Samantha, Potgieter, Marius, Precious, Mulaudzi Mulatedzi, Pretorius, Paul Janus, Prozesky, Hans, Pule, Mokhethi, Punwasi, Jayshina, Putzier, Dot, Qankqiso, Lutho, Qebedu, Siphokazi, Qhola, Phozisa, Qotoyi, Ntombesithathu, Qotso, Sipho Victor, Qwabe, Zanele, Rabie, Helena, Rabothata, Phoebe, Rachoene, Christina, Radana, Mteteleli, Radebe, Maria, Radebe, Dr. Valentino, Radebe, Nonkululeko, Radinne, Ella, Raduvha, Sherly, Raghunath, Shamintha, Rajagopaul, Claudine, Rakgwale, Mary, Ralethe, Malumbete Michael, Ralimo, Kenneth, Ramafoko, Motlalepule, Ramagoma, Maduvhahafani, Raman, Charlotte, Ramavhuya, Dr, Rambally, Molly, Ramdeen, Nivasha, Ramdin, Tanusha, Rameshwarnath, Sharita, Ramkillawan, Yeishna, Ramotlou, Rampedi, Faith, Rampersad, Vijayluxmi, Ramuima, Avhashoni, Ranone, Noluthando, Rapasa, Mabohlale Portia, rapelang, Mpharoane, Raphaely, Nika, Rashokeng, Lesiba, Rashopola, Caroline, Ratau, Tebogo, Ratau, M, Ratshili, Mpfariseni David, Rautenbach, Elmari, Ravele, Rofhiwa, Reachable, Johannes, Rebecca, Peta Mmalahla, Reddy, Kessendri, Redfern, Andrew, Reed, Robertha, Rees, Mumsy, Reji, Dr, Reubenson, Gary, Rewthinarain, Veena, Rheeder, Paul, Rhulani, Nkonayani, Richard, Mufamadi, Rikhotso, J S, Rikhotso, Shatimone Beverley, Robert, Lavhelani Ndivhaleni, Roto, Noncedo, Ruder, Gideon, Rugnath, Kapil, Ruiters, Lizette, Ruiters, Mina, Russell, Sue, Ruwiza, Lynn, R Y, Molokoane, Saaiman, Mandy, Sabela, Emmanuel, Sadiq, Lerato, Saki, Litha, Salambwa, Hyppolite, Samjowan, Menitha, Samodien, Nazlee, Samuel, Rakgolele, Sandile, Fakudze, Sanelisiwe, Cekuse, Sani, Mandlankosi, Sawuka, Simangele, Schoeman, Lelani, Scholts, Magriet, Schroder, Ronel, Sebalabala, Mamotetekoane, Sebati, Selwalenkwe Collet, Seboko, Jacoline, Sebuthoma, Wilheminah, Segami, Annah, Segokotlo, Ruth, Sehloho, MR, Seisa, Khutjo, Sekgobela, Antony, Sekhosana, Monica, Sekonyela, John, Sekoto, Mpho, Sekulisa, Naledi, Sekwadi, Mokgadi Vanessa, Selaelo, Lebogo, Selatlha, Johannes, Selekolo, Kgomotso, Selfridge, William, Semenya, Lucy, Sengakane, Ivy, Sengata, Masabata, Sentle, Petronella, Seoketsa, Malebo, Seonandan, Pratheesha, Serumula, Thomas Mambushi, Setheni, Nkululeko, Setlale, Refiloe, Setlhodi, Tumediso, Setlhodi, Barbara, Setloghele, Robert, Sewpersad, Aarthi, Sewpersadh, Ryan, Shabalala, Phumlile, Shabangu, Owen, Shabangu, Kungesihe, Shabangu, Harriet Sbonangaye, Shabangu, Thokozani, Shadi, Clifford, Shaik, Hasifa, Shale, Tseliso, Shandu, Qedani, Shandu, Nomvelo, Shange, Ntswaki Marcia, Shenxane, Abongile, Sherriff, A, Shezi, Sebenzile, Shezi, Thenjiwe, Shihangule, Scally, Shikwambana, Cheyeza, Shoba, Lungisani, shokane, Kamogelo, Sibande, Nora, Sibeko, Lydia, Sibeko, Xolani, Sibiya, Zanele, Sibiya, Mncedisi, Sibuta, Sphamandla, Sifumba, Thembakazi, Sigcau, Sipho, Sigila, Lutho, Sihentshe, Kayakazi, Sihlangu, Bongani, Sikhakhane, Daisy, Sikhakhane, Shaun Nhlanhla, Siko, Mbali, Sikonje, Sipho, Simanga, Khumbulekile, Simango, Nomsa, Simela, Thulisile, Simelane, Ntombikayise, Singh, Sashah, Singh, Marjorie, Singh, Ragani, Singh, Shash, Singh, Anita, Sithole, Hitekani, Sithole, Senzekile, Sithole, Ntokozo Danielle, Sithole, Koketso Maxwell, Situma, Jonnie, Sivraman, Annie, Siwela, Katekani, Siyewuyewu, Nonqubela, Sizeka, Maweya, Siziba, Nonceba, Skhosana, Andrew, Skhosana, Khanyisile, Skhosana, Rorisang, Skoko, Tandiwe, Slabbert, Sunet, Smangaliso, Ntombela, Smedley, Christine, Smit, Lydia, Smit, Natassia, Smit, Lizelle, Smit, Michelle, Smith, Fasie, Smith, Lizzie, Smith, Sunell, Smith, Cassius, Smuts, Stefan, Sofe, Ayanda, Solomon, Khobane, Solomon, L J, Sombani, chauke, Songca, Richard, Sontamo, Anga, Soorju, Supriya, Sopazi, Zubenathi, Soqasha, Brian, Sosibo, Bongiwe, Sotsaka, Ntsika, Soula, Mandy, Spoor, Simon, Stacey, Sarah, Stali, Asanda, Stephina, Mutele Mmboniseni, Steup, Myra, Steven, Sinoxolo, Stevens, AW, Stevens, Vincent, Steyn, Dewald, Steyn, Bianca, Stocks, Pat, Stolk, Henk, Stoltz, Alida, Strehlau, Renate, Stroebel, Anneke, Strydom, Loraine, Strydom, Jean-Marie, Strydom, Anton, Strydom, Ursula, Sunnyraj, Midhu, Swana, Nwabisa, Swanepoel, Winnie, Swanepoel, Suzan, Swartbooi, Elsie, Swartz, Estley Swartz, Syce, Casandra, T E, Shihambi, Tabane, Joyce, Tabane, N E, Tawana, Mrs, Tebello, Ntene, Tembe, Siphosetu Wiseman, Terblanche, Samantha, 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der Spuy, Elmarie, Van Der Westhuizen, Linda, Van Der Westhuizen, Adele, van der Westhuizen, Talana, van der Westhuyzen, Mene, Van Dyk, Thea, van Heerden, Ingrid, van Jaarsveld, Ryno, van Jaarsveld, Ryno, Van Lill, M, van Niekerk, Heidi, van Niekerk, Ben, van Rensburg, Amanda, van Schallwyk, Judy, Van Sensie, Zeitschke Yarnrich, van Vuuren, Magda, van Vuuren, Cloete, Vandu, Olga Funiswa, Vane, Mandisa, VanZyl, Lucia, Variava, Ebrahim, Veerus, Mariam, Velapi, Nokhwezi, Veleko, Sebina, Velezantsi, Z, Venter, Retha, Vergottini, Corlia, Vergottini, Corlia, Vermeulen, Inga, Vidah, Liabara Lufuluvhi, Vilakazi, Bongani, Vilakazi, Treasure N, Vilakazi, Mbalenhle Precious, Viljoen, Karen, Viljoen, Werner, Viljoen, Karen, Volschenk, Zuretha, Vos, Angelo, V V, Matlala, Walters, Jacques, Webb, Kate, Welsh, John, Wessels, D, Wheller, Judy, White, Fundile, White, Priscilla, Whyte, Carmen, Willemse, Ansie, William, Sape, Williams, Daniel, Williams, Kamielah, Williams, Mercia, Williamson, Anne, Wilson, Cherade, Wolff, Boipelo, Wray, Michelle, Xaba, Ntombizonke B, Xaba, Thabang Jabulani, Xiniwe, Thanks, Xoliswa, Mtshali, Xulu, Funokwakhe, Xulu, Gibson, Yam, Sandlakazi, Zakhura, NM, Zareloa, Mashela, Zinto, Sive, Zinziswa, Dyibeni, Ziselo, Lulamile, Zitha, Zakhele, Zitha, Emmanuel, Zokufa, Anele, Zondi, Innocent, Zondi, Sikhumbuzo Bernard, Zondi, Sbuyi, Zondi, Thulani, Zongola, Wandiswa, Zühlke, Liesl, Zulu, Zandile, Zulu, Lungelo, Zulu, Thandeka, Zulu, Slindili, Zulu, Nkosinathi, Zuma, Angel, Zungu, Precious, Zungu, Pamela, Zungu, Melusi, Zungu, Priscilla, Zwakala, Bongo Lihle, Zwane, Antonia, Zwane, Promise, Zwane, Muziwendoda, Zwane, Hlengiwe Priscila, and Zwane, Nomgcobo
Abstract: The interaction between COVID-19, non-communicable diseases, and chronic infectious diseases such as HIV and tuberculosis is unclear, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries in Africa. South Africa has a national HIV prevalence of 19% among people aged 15–49 years and a tuberculosis prevalence of 0·7% in people of all ages. Using a nationally representative hospital surveillance system in South Africa, we aimed to investigate the factors associated with in-hospital mortality among patients with COVID-19.
Published: 2021
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5. Regional Adiposity and Insulin Sensitivity-Interactions With Menopause and HIV in Middle-Aged Black African Women.

Author: Masemola M, Mendham AE, Micklesfield LK, Pheiffer C, Hawley J, Kengne AP, Chikowore T, Kufe CN, Crowther NJ, Norris S, Storbeck KH, Olsson T, Karpe F, and Goedecke JH
Subjects: Humans, Female, Middle Aged, Adult, Black People, South Africa epidemiology, Body Composition, Cohort Studies, HIV Infections metabolism, Insulin Resistance, Menopause metabolism, Adiposity
Abstract: Objective: To explore depot-specific functional aspects of adipose tissue, examining the putative role for menopause and HIV status on insulin sensitivity (SI) and beta-cell function in Black South African women., Methods: Women (n = 92) from the Middle-Aged Soweto Cohort, including premenopausal HIV-negative women (n = 21); premenopausal women living with HIV (LWH; n = 11); postmenopausal HIV-negative women (n = 42); and postmenopausal women LWH (n = 18) underwent the following tests: body composition (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry); fasting bloods for sex hormones, inflammation, and adipokines; frequently sampled intravenous glucose tolerance test for SI and beta-cell function (disposition index, DI); abdominal (aSAT) and gluteal subcutaneous adipose tissue (gSAT) biopsies for cell size, and mRNA expression of adipokines, inflammation, and estrogen receptors (ER)., Results: Depot-specific associations between gene expression and insulin parameters did not differ by HIV or menopause status. Pooled analysis showed significant models for SI (P = .002) and DI (P = .003). Higher SI was associated with lower leptin and CD11c expression in aSAT and higher adiponectin in gSAT. Higher DI was associated with higher aSAT and gSAT expression of adiponectin, lipoprotein lipase, ERα, and PPARγ, and lower leptin in aSAT. Women LWH had higher expression of adiponectin and lower expression of leptin in both aSAT (P = .002 and P = .005) and gSAT (P = .004 and P = .002), respectively, and a larger proportion of smaller cells in aSAT (P < .001)., Conclusion: Insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function were distinctively associated with aSAT and gSAT. While menopause did not influence these relationships, HIV had a significant effect on adipose tissue, characterized by variations in cell size distribution and transcript levels within the depots., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society. All rights reserved. For commercial re-use, please contact reprints@oup.com for reprints and translation rights for reprints. All other permissions can be obtained through our RightsLink service via the Permissions link on the article page on our site—for further information please contact journals.permissions@oup.com. See the journal About page for additional terms.)
Published: 2024
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6. SHBG, Free Testosterone, and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Middle-aged African Men: A Longitudinal Study.

Author: Seipone ID, Mendham AE, Storbeck KH, Oestlund I, Kufe CN, Chikowore T, Masemola M, Crowther NJ, Kengne AP, Norris S, Olsson T, Brown T, Micklesfield LK, and Goedecke JH
Abstract: Objectives: To investigate longitudinal changes in SHBG and free testosterone (free T) levels among Black middle-aged African men, with and without coexistent HIV, and explore associations with incident dysglycaemia and measures of glucose metabolism., Design: This longitudinal study enrolled 407 Black South African middle-aged men, comprising primarily 322 men living without HIV (MLWOH) and 85 men living with HIV (MLWH), with normal fasting glucose at enrollment. Follow-up assessments were conducted after 3.1 ± 1.5 years., Methods: At baseline and follow-up, SHBG, albumin, and total testosterone were measured and free T was calculated. An oral glucose tolerance test at follow-up determined dysglycaemia (impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, type 2 diabetes) and glucose metabolism parameters including insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index), insulin resistance (homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance), and beta(β)-cell function (disposition index). The primary analysis focussed on MLWOH, with a subanalysis on MLWH to explore whether associations in MLWOH differed from MLWH., Results: The prevalence of dysglycaemia at follow-up was 17% (n = 55) in MLWOH. Higher baseline SHBG was associated with a lower risk of incident dysglycaemia (odds ratio 0.966; 95% confidence interval 0.945-0.987) and positively associated with insulin sensitivity (β = 0.124, P < .001) and β-cell function (β = 0.194, P = .001) at follow-up. Free T did not predict dysglycaemia. In MLWH, dysglycaemia prevalence at follow-up was 12% (n = 10). Neither baseline SHBG nor free T were associated with incident dysglycaemia and glucose metabolism parameters in MLWH., Conclusion: SHBG levels predict the development of dysglycaemia in middle-aged African men but do not exhibit the same predictive value in MLWH., (© The Author(s) 2024. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Endocrine Society.)
Published: 2024
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7. Targeted proteomics identifies potential biomarkers of dysglycaemia, beta cell function and insulin sensitivity in Black African men and women.

Author: Mendham AE, Micklesfield LK, Karpe F, Kengne AP, Chikowore T, Kufe CN, Masemola M, Crowther NJ, Norris SA, Olsson T, Elmståhl S, Fall T, Lind L, and Goedecke JH
Subjects: Female, Humans, Middle Aged, Proteomics, C-Peptide, Cross-Sectional Studies, South Africa, Insulin, Glucose, Insulin Resistance, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2
Abstract: Aims/hypothesis: Using a targeted proteomics approach, we aimed to identify and validate circulating proteins associated with impaired glucose metabolism (IGM) and type 2 diabetes in a Black South African cohort. In addition, we assessed sex-specific associations between the validated proteins and pathophysiological pathways of type 2 diabetes., Methods: This cross-sectional study included Black South African men (n=380) and women (n=375) who were part of the Middle-Aged Soweto Cohort (MASC). Dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry was used to determine fat mass and visceral adipose tissue, and fasting venous blood samples were collected for analysis of glucose, insulin and C-peptide and for targeted proteomics, measuring a total of 184 pre-selected protein biomarkers. An OGTT was performed on participants without diabetes, and peripheral insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index), HOMA-IR, basal insulin clearance, insulin secretion (C-peptide index) and beta cell function (disposition index) were estimated. Participants were classified as having normal glucose tolerance (NGT; n=546), IGM (n=116) or type 2 diabetes (n=93). Proteins associated with dysglycaemia (IGM or type 2 diabetes) in the MASC were validated in the Swedish EpiHealth cohort (NGT, n=1706; impaired fasting glucose, n=550; type 2 diabetes, n=210)., Results: We identified 73 proteins associated with dysglycaemia in the MASC, of which 34 were validated in the EpiHealth cohort. Among these validated proteins, 11 were associated with various measures of insulin dynamics, with the largest number of proteins being associated with HOMA-IR. In sex-specific analyses, IGF-binding protein 2 (IGFBP2) was associated with lower HOMA-IR in women (coefficient -0.35; 95% CI -0.44, -0.25) and men (coefficient -0.09; 95% CI -0.15, -0.03). Metalloproteinase inhibitor 4 (TIMP4) was associated with higher insulin secretion (coefficient 0.05; 95% CI 0.001, 0.11; p for interaction=0.025) and beta cell function (coefficient 0.06; 95% CI 0.02, 0.09; p for interaction=0.013) in women only. In contrast, a stronger positive association between IGFBP2 and insulin sensitivity determined using an OGTT (coefficient 0.38; 95% CI 0.27, 0.49) was observed in men (p for interaction=0.004). A posteriori analysis showed that the associations between TIMP4 and insulin dynamics were not mediated by adiposity. In contrast, most of the associations between IGFBP2 and insulin dynamics, except for insulin secretion, were mediated by either fat mass index or visceral adipose tissue in men and women. Fat mass index was the strongest mediator between IGFBP2 and insulin sensitivity (total effect mediated 40.7%; 95% CI 37.0, 43.6) and IGFBP2 and HOMA-IR (total effect mediated 39.1%; 95% CI 31.1, 43.5) in men., Conclusions/interpretation: We validated 34 proteins that were associated with type 2 diabetes, of which 11 were associated with measures of type 2 diabetes pathophysiology such as peripheral insulin sensitivity and beta cell function. This study highlights biomarkers that are similar between cohorts of different ancestry, with different lifestyles and sociodemographic profiles. The African-specific biomarkers identified require validation in African cohorts to identify risk markers and increase our understanding of the pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes in African populations., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
Published: 2023
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8. Physical behaviors and their association with type 2 diabetes mellitus risk markers in urban South African middle-aged adults: an isotemporal substitutionapproach.

Author: Kufe CN, Goedecke JH, Masemola M, Chikowore T, Soboyisi M, Smith A, Westgate K, Brage S, and Micklesfield LK
Subjects: Adult, Biomarkers, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Glucose, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Sedentary Behavior, South Africa epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Insulin Resistance physiology, Insulins
Abstract: Introduction: To examine the associations between physical behaviors and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) risk markers in middle-aged South African men and women., Research Design and Methods: This cross-sectional study included middle-aged men (n=403; age: median (IQR), 53.0 (47.8-58.8) years) and women (n=324; 53.4 (49.1-58.1) years) from Soweto, South Africa. Total movement volume (average movement in milli-g) and time (minutes/day) spent in different physical behaviors, including awake sitting/lying, standing, light intensity physical activity (LPA) and moderate-to-vigorous intensity physical activity (MVPA), were determined by combining the signals from two triaxial accelerometers worn simultaneously on the hip and thigh. All participants completed an oral glucose tolerance test, from which indicators of diabetes risk were derived. Associations between physical behaviors and T2DM risk were adjusted for sociodemographic factors and body composition., Results: Total movement volume was inversely associated with measures of fasting and 2-hour glucose and directly associated with insulin sensitivity, basal insulin clearance, and beta-cell function, but these associations were not independent of fat mass, except for basal insulin clearance in women. In men, replacing 30 min of sitting/lying, standing or LPA with the same amount of MVPA time was associated with 1.2-1.4 mmol/L lower fasting glucose and 12.3-13.4 mgl 2 /mUmin higher insulin sensitivity. In women, substituting sitting/lying with the same amount of standing time or LPA was associated with 0.5-0.8 mmol/L lower fasting glucose. Substituting 30 min sitting/lying with the same amount of standing time was also associated with 3.2 mgl 2 /mUmin higher insulin sensitivity, and substituting 30 min of sitting/lying, standing or LPA with the same amount of MVPA time was associated with 0.25-0.29 ng/mIU higher basal insulin clearance in women., Conclusion: MVPA is important in reducing T2DM risk in men and women, but LPA appears to be important in women only. Longitudinal and intervention studies warranted to provide more specific PA recommendations., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2022. Re-use permitted under CC BY. Published by BMJ.)
Published: 2022
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9. Waist circumference thresholds predicting incident dysglycaemia and type 2 diabetes in Black African men and women.

Author: Goedecke JH, Nguyen KA, Kufe C, Masemola M, Chikowore T, Mendham AE, Norris SA, Crowther NJ, Karpe F, Olsson T, Kengne AP, and Micklesfield LK
Subjects: Body Mass Index, Cohort Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Prospective Studies, Risk Factors, Waist Circumference physiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 diagnosis, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Metabolic Syndrome epidemiology
Abstract: Aims: To determine the waist circumference (WC) thresholds for the prediction of incident dysglycaemia and type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Black South African (SA) men and women and to compare these to the advocated International Diabetes Federation (IDF) Europid thresholds., Materials and Methods: In this prospective study, Black SA men (n = 502) and women (n = 527) from the Middle-aged Sowetan Cohort study who had normal or impaired fasting glucose at baseline (2011-2015) were followed up until 2017 to 2018. Baseline measurements included anthropometry, blood pressure and fasting glucose, HDL cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations. At follow-up, glucose tolerance was assessed using an oral glucose tolerance test. The Youden index was used to determine the optimal threshold of WC to predict incident dysglycaemia and T2D., Results: In men, the optimal WC threshold was 96.8 cm for both dysglycaemia and T2D (sensitivity: 56% and 70%; specificity: 74% and 70%, respectively), and had higher specificity (P < 0.001) than the IDF threshold of 94 cm. In women, the optimal WC threshold for incident dysglycaemia was 91.8 cm (sensitivity 86%, specificity 37%) and for T2D it was 95.8 cm (sensitivity 85%, specificity 45%), which had lower sensitivity, but higher specificity to predict incident dysglycaemia and T2D than the IDF threshold of 80 cm (sensitivity: 97% and 100%; specificity: 12% and 11%, respectively))., Conclusions: We show for the first time using prospective cohort data from Africa that the IDF Europid WC thresholds are not appropriate for an African population, and show that African-specific WC thresholds perform better than the IDF Europid thresholds to predict incident dysglycaemia and T2D., (© 2022 The Authors. Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.)
Published: 2022
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10. Increased risk for type 2 diabetes in relation to adiposity in middle-aged Black South African men compared to women.

Author: Kufe CN, Micklesfield LK, Masemola M, Chikowore T, Kengne AP, Karpe F, Norris SA, Crowther NJ, Olsson T, and Goedecke JH
Subjects: Adiposity, Body Mass Index, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Obesity epidemiology, South Africa epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Insulin Resistance
Abstract: Aims: Despite a higher prevalence of overweight/obesity in Black South African women compared to men, the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) does not differ. We explored if this could be due to sex differences in insulin sensitivity, clearance and/or beta-cell function and also sex-specific associations with total and regional adiposity., Methods: This cross-sectional study included 804 Black South African men (n = 388) and women (n = 416). Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure total and regional adiposity. Insulin sensitivity (Matsuda index), secretion (C-peptide index) and clearance (C-peptide/insulin ratio) were estimated from an oral glucose tolerance test., Results: After adjusting for sex differences in the fat mass index, men were less insulin sensitive and had lower beta-cell function than women (P < 0.001), with the strength of the associations with measures of total and central adiposity being greater in men than women (P < 0.001 for interactions). Further, the association between total adiposity and T2D risk was also greater in men than women (relative risk ratio (95% CI): 2.05 (1.42-2.96), P < 0.001 vs 1.38 (1.03-1.85), P = 0.031)., Conclusion: With increasing adiposity, particularly increased centralisation of body fat linked to decreased insulin sensitivity and beta-cell function, Black African men are at greater risk for T2D than their female counterparts.
Published: 2022
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11. Sex Differences in the Associations of Nutrient Patterns with Total and Regional Adiposity: A Study of Middle-Aged Black South African Men and Women.

Author: Ratshikombo T, Goedecke JH, Soboyisi M, Kufe C, Makura-Kankwende CBT, Masemola M, Micklesfield LK, and Chikowore T
Subjects: Absorptiometry, Photon methods, Animals, Body Mass Index, Cross-Sectional Studies, Diet statistics & numerical data, Energy Intake, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nutritional Status, Obesity epidemiology, Sex Characteristics, Sex Factors, South Africa epidemiology, Subcutaneous Fat, Abdominal metabolism, Adipose Tissue metabolism, Adiposity, Black People, Feeding Behavior, Nutrients administration & dosage
Abstract: The study evaluated the association between nutrient patterns with body fat and regional adiposity in middle-aged black South African (SA) men and women and determined if this differed by sex. Body fat and regional adiposity (dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry), and dietary intake (7-day quantified food frequency questionnaire) were measured in black SA men ( n = 414) and women ( n = 346). Using principal component analysis, nutrient patterns were computed from 25 nutrients in the combined sample. Four nutrient patterns were extracted, explaining 67% of the variance in nutrient intake. Animal and fat, as well as the vitamin C, sugar, and potassium driven patterns, were positively associated with total adiposity. In contrast, the retinol and vitamin B12 pattern was associated with the centralisation of fat. Notably, the strength of the association between the animal-driven nutrient pattern and BMI was greater in men (1.14 kg/m 2 , 95% CI (0.63-1.66)) than in women (0.81 kg/m 2 , 95% CI (0.25-1.36)) (P int = 0.017). In contrast, the plant-driven pattern was associated with higher abdominal subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT) in women (44 cm 2 , 95% CI (22-67)) but not men (P int = 1.54 × 10 -4 ). These differences suggest that although men and women have similar nutrient patterns, their associations with the whole body and regional body fat are different.
Published: 2021
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12. Farmers' preference and willingness to pay for a multivalent lumpy skin disease and Rift Valley fever novel vaccine: A discrete choice experiment in the Free State province, South Africa.

Author: Masemola M, Owusu-Sekyere E, Ogundeji AA, van Niekerk HN, and Chaminuka P
Subjects: Animals, Cattle, Consumer Behavior, Farmers, Female, Humans, Male, Rift Valley fever virus, South Africa, Vaccination economics, Cattle Diseases economics, Cattle Diseases prevention & control, Lumpy Skin Disease economics, Lumpy Skin Disease prevention & control, Rift Valley Fever economics, Rift Valley Fever prevention & control, Vaccination veterinary, Viral Vaccines economics
Abstract: Rift Valley fever and lumpy skin disease are infectious ruminant diseases that are endemic in most African countries. The most cost-effective method of prevention and control is through annual vaccination. However, unlike lumpy skin disease, annual vaccination against Rift Valley fever is not practiced by many farmers due to its sporadic occurrences and shortcoming of the existing vaccines. This necessitates development of novel vaccines that would provide dual protection against a Rift Valley fever and a more prevalent disease. In this study, a discrete choice experiment was undertaken to guide vaccine development by examining the value smallholder livestock farmers place on different vaccine attributes and related attribute levels. The attributes considered are target-species, thermotolerance, nature of the vaccine, efficacy and price. The study was carried out with 164 smallholder livestock farmers in the Free State province. Results indicate that thermostaility is not a major deciding attribute to smallholder farmer's choice of vaccine. Farmers prefer multivalent vaccines, which are highly efficacious with about 90-100 % efficacy levels. Farmers were found to be heterogeneous in preference. The heterogeneity is explained by socio-economic factors such as type of livestock owned, income level, gender and perceived disease risk. Farmers were also willing to pay for preferred attribute levels. However, for less favourable levels such as multispecies, female farmers were willing to accept a lower compensation than males. These findings present a favourable potential for development of a novel multivalent vaccine and also provide vaccine research and development scientists with evidence based knowledge for development of vaccines that cater for the needs of smallholder farmers., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
Published: 2021
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13. Protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of sex hormones and diabetes risk in ageing men and women of African ancestry.

Author: Kufe NC, Masemola M, Chikowore T, Kengne AP, Olsson T, Goedecke JH, and Micklesfield LK
Subjects: Female, Humans, Male, Estradiol metabolism, Follicle Stimulating Hormone metabolism, Luteinizing Hormone metabolism, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin metabolism, Testosterone metabolism, Meta-Analysis as Topic, Systematic Reviews as Topic, Aging, Black People, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 epidemiology, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 metabolism, Gonadal Steroid Hormones metabolism
Abstract: Aim: To present the protocol of a systematic review and meta-analysis of the available evidence examining the association between sex hormones and type 2 diabetes risk in ageing men and women of African descent., Methods: We shall conduct a comprehensive search of published studies that examined the association between sex hormones and type 2 diabetes risk in men and women aged ≥40 years from 01/01/1980 to 31/03/2018 with no language restriction. Databases to be searched include: PubMed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health, ISI Web of Science, Clinical Trial registries, Google Scholar and institutional websites such as the WHO, American Diabetes Association, International Diabetes Federation, World Diabetes Foundation, European Association for the Study of Diabetes, African Journal Online and ProQuest databases. This protocol is developed in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses Protocols guidelines. Independent screening for eligible studies using defined criteria and data extraction, will be completed in duplicate. Discrepancies will be resolved by consensus or consultation with a third researcher. Risk of bias of included studies will be assessed by the appropriate Cochrane risk of bias tool. The overall association estimates will be pooled using appropriate meta-analytic techniques. Heterogeneity will be assessed using Cochrane Q statistic and the inconsistency index (I 2 ). The random effects model will be used to calculate a pooled estimate., Ethics and Dissemination: No ethics clearance is required as no primary data will be collected. The systematic review and meta-analysis are part of a PhD project at WITS University (Johannesburg, South Africa) and results will be presented at conferences and published in a peer-review journal. The results will guide future population specific interventions., Prospero Registration Number: CRD42017074581., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2019. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.)
Published: 2019
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13 results on '"Masemola M"'

1. Risk factors for COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality in a high HIV and tuberculosis prevalence setting in South Africa: a cohort study

2. DNA METHYLATION PROFILES OF THE IGF2/H19 IMPRINTING CONTROL REGION (ICR) IN SUBJECTS WITH FETAL ALCOHOL SYNDROME (FAS): P043

3. ALCOHOL INDUCED EPIGENETIC EFFECTS ON IMPRINTED GENES IN HUMAN SPERM DNA: IMPLICATIONS FOR FETAL ALCOHOL SPECTRUM DISORDERS: S134

4. Risk factors for COVID-19-related in-hospital mortality in a high HIV and tuberculosis prevalence setting in South Africa: a cohort study

5. Regional Adiposity and Insulin Sensitivity-Interactions With Menopause and HIV in Middle-Aged Black African Women.

6. SHBG, Free Testosterone, and Type 2 Diabetes Risk in Middle-aged African Men: A Longitudinal Study.

7. Targeted proteomics identifies potential biomarkers of dysglycaemia, beta cell function and insulin sensitivity in Black African men and women.

8. Physical behaviors and their association with type 2 diabetes mellitus risk markers in urban South African middle-aged adults: an isotemporal substitutionapproach.

9. Waist circumference thresholds predicting incident dysglycaemia and type 2 diabetes in Black African men and women.

10. Increased risk for type 2 diabetes in relation to adiposity in middle-aged Black South African men compared to women.

11. Sex Differences in the Associations of Nutrient Patterns with Total and Regional Adiposity: A Study of Middle-Aged Black South African Men and Women.

12. Farmers' preference and willingness to pay for a multivalent lumpy skin disease and Rift Valley fever novel vaccine: A discrete choice experiment in the Free State province, South Africa.

13. Protocol for systematic review and meta-analysis of sex hormones and diabetes risk in ageing men and women of African ancestry.

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