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The changing dynamics of masculinity in a post-feminist world entails an analysis of the representations of boyhood and masculinity in varied temporalities and cultures. Primarily through the theories of Judith Butler, Raewyn Connell, and David Buchbinder, this article explores the problem of men and their social roles. It discusses the issue of double vulnerability faced by gay men in a patriarchal social dynamic that affects their identity construction. Through the spectacle of textual analysis, we examine Nemat Sadat's, The Carpet Weaver (2019), the tale of Kanishka, a gay boy living in a war-torn Afghanistan, and his migration to America, which aids in shaping his identity. We also examine the intersections of the masculine image within a political war zone, exploring the subject of gendered violence against men. Keywords: boyhood, cultural studies, hegemony, homophobia, identity politics, masculinity, The body acts as a stage for several social signifiers, which are then culturally divided into the binary categories of sexes based on the dichotomous social reality. Susan Bordo (1999: [...]

Emerging adult military members face occupational stressors that can lead to mental health issues including anxiety, depression, substance use, and PTSD. Serious mental health issues, including depression, and suicidality are increasing among young veterans. More than half of those experiencing a mental health problem do not seek help and could benefit from therapy. This qualitative study (1) revealed barriers to accessing mental health treatment and (2) provided ways to decrease stigma and encourage help seeking. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 26 emerging adult military members and asked about (1) barriers to mental health treatment and (2) ways to decrease these obstacles. Following a thematic analysis approach, two coders employed rigorous coding procedures using reflexive meetings and debriefings to find patterns using Excel and NVivo. Barriers to accessing mental health treatment exist at the systems, peers and leadership, and self-stigma (i.e., internalized) levels due to hegemonic masculinity tenants in the military. Suggestions to improve and encourage mental health treatment include implementing changes at the structural level in the military, increasing knowledge among the public sector, and improving education and training among helping professionals who are serving emerging adult military populations. Destigmatizing mental health treatment is no easy task but working collaboratively with emerging adult military members to understand their perceptions and attitudes can move us in a positive direction., Author(s): Kelly Lynn Clary [sup.1] , Stephany Pena [sup.2] , Douglas C. Smith [sup.3] Author Affiliations: (1) grid.264772.2, 0000 0001 0682 245X, School of Social Work, Texas State University, , [...]

INTRODUCTION 998 I. BACKGROUND 1001 A. The [section] 1983 Lawsuit and Fourth Amendment Jurisprudence 1001 1. The [section] 1983 Lawsuit 1002 2. The Fourth Amendment and Excessive Force Claims 1003 [...], In the 1980s, the Supreme Court held that courts must consider the "totality of the circumstances" when deciding the reasonableness of a police officer's conduct in an excessive force suit. To this day, the precise meaning of "reasonableness" remains elusive. For years, courts around the country have struggled to articulate what police conduct should and--equally as saliently--should not be considered during reasonableness determinations. Thus far, the Supreme Court has been unwilling to substantively clarify its reasonableness doctrine. This lack of clarity has led to an untenable patchwork of differing legal frameworks throughout the United States. This issue exists in a cultural milieu of exacerbated police tensions and intersects issues of race, class, and gender. This Note focuses on the latter, centering the discussion on how gender increases the potential for police violence. In doing so, it considers how the Supreme Court's Fourth Amendment jurisprudence has historically turned a blind eye to some of the predominant social forces that shape police culture in America, thereby insulating dangerous forms of police conduct from judicial scrutiny. This Note attempts to wed policy considerations with legal reasoning and argues that the Supreme Court should broaden its reasonableness inquiry for two key reasons: first, to resolve the current circuit split, and second, to acknowledge--and dismantle--the problematic policing culture that its own jurisprudence helped shape.

This article examines the construction of respectability politics and ethnic identity in the visual archives of Frank Mancao, a Filipino labor contractor and photographer in California. By investigating Mancao's relationship with the male Filipino farmworkers he managed and photographed, it argues that ethnic photographers and migrant workers as photographic subjects turned to the camera as a means of constructing a respectability politics to refashion a denigrated masculine Filipino identity in the American West. It begins with an investigation of Mancao's photographic practice and moves into how his work as a studio photographer provided Filipino men-including Mancao himself--opportunities to represent themselves against the popular image of the Filipino vagrant and criminal. However, this study also suggests that the 'Pinoy image' crafted around the camera was not a revolutionary one; instead, the photographs reified industriousness and participation in capitalist production as the merits of good citizenship., Before I came, the Pinoy image was very, very poor. They were discriminated by several ethnic groups, [who saw Filipinos] as very unwelcome in the group of citizenship. Because, mostly, [...]

Revisions to Health and Physical Education (HPE) curriculums across Canada have prompted a conservative response denouncing the explicit and robust language used to address sexualities and young bodies. In this paper, we question the (in)visibility of male bodies and a prevailing discourse of denial, while situating the discussion alongside an evolving Canadian curriculum. Drawing on a national study, we examine narratives of adolescent boys to demonstrate how they make sense of locker-room interactions and bodily negotiations among their male peers. We introduce a discourse of denial to illustrate the ways in which adolescent male bodies and body image issues specifically have been misunderstood as a 'girl problem' in schools. We argue that a limiting narrative of male bodies ignores the marginalization of boys facing shaming and homophobia in schools. We conclude by calling for a (re)consideration of male bodily practices while proposing changes that would more fully acknowledge adolescent male bodies in schools. Keywords: body image, curriculum, masculinities, physical health education, qualitative, sexualities, I was uncomfortable with my body and I was afraid of what other kids would say to me. I know in the change room I got made fun of a [...]

INTRODUCTION In the 2019-20 academic year, Washington University School of Law celebrates 150 years of admitting women. Phoebe Couzins and Lemma Barkeloo enrolled in 1869, (1) four years before Bradwell [...]

Dr. Samuel Nujoma's autobiography, Where Others Wavered: My Life in SWAPO and My Participation in the Liberation Struggle, documents his life as a pivotal figure in the Namibian war for independence leading to his tenure as the first president of Namibia (1990-2005). Nujoma, known as the 'Founding Father' of Namibia, occupies a larger-than-life sphere within the public imagination through monuments, public photographs, placards, and street names. Nujoma's autobiography prescribes a certain type of national citizenship that entails a specific construction of masculinity for Namibian men. This paper analyzes his autobiography, arguing that Nujoma constructs a hegemonic masculinity based on four key features: 1) leadership, 2) initiation to manhood, 3) the use of physical strength, and 4) strictly defined gender roles. This literary analysis will enter a broader discussion as to how, in the face of global economic shifts and the introduction of neoliberal structural adjustment policies, Nujoma's masculinity remains unattainable for many male youths today who struggle with a lack of employment opportunities and rapid urbanization. The shifting of hegemonies from a white Afrikaner masculinity to a nationalistic black masculinity points to the changing nature of expectations for masculinity and further highlights intergenerational discontent that arises in light of changing global economic planes., Former Namibian President Hifikepunye Pohamba declared February 21, 2014 as a National Day of Prayer dedicated to the extensive spate of 'passion-killings,' or domestic murders, that seemed to multiply in [...]

Purpose: The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to identify a set of communication-based predictors (including both acoustic and gestural variables) of masculinity-femininity ratings and (b) to explore differences in ratings between audio and audiovisual presentation modes for transgender and cisgender communicators. Method: The voices and gestures of a group of cisgender men and women (n = 10 of each) and transgender women (n = 20) communicators were recorded while they recounted the story of a cartoon using acoustic and motion capture recording systems. A total of 17 acoustic and gestural variables were measured from these recordings. A group of observers (n = 20) rated each communicator's masculinity-femininity based on 30- to 45-s samples of the cartoon description presented in three modes: audio, visual, and audio visual. Visual and audiovisual stimuli contained point light displays standardized for size. Ratings were made using a direct magnitude estimation scale without modulus. Communication-based predictors of masculinity-femininity ratings were identified using multiple regression, and analysis of variance was used to determine the effect of presentation mode on perceptual ratings. Results: Fundamental frequency, average vowel formant, and sound pressure level were identified as significant predictors of masculinity-femininity ratings for these communicators. Communicators were rated significantly more feminine in the audio than the audiovisual mode and unreliably in the visual-only mode. Conclusions: Both study purposes were met. Results support continued emphasis on fundamental frequency and vocal tract resonance in voice and communication modification training with transgender individuals and provide evidence for the potential benefit of modifying sound pressure level, especially when a masculine presentation is desired., Voice and communication training is an important part of the gender affirmation process for many transgender or gender-diverse individuals (i.e., individuals whose gender positioning, or self-categorization of gender, is different [...]

Critical boyhood scholars have consistently problematized the moral panic directed at boys' educational achievements, for instance, by illustrating how the issue is intersected by power hierarchies such class and race, but have not been as attentive to the spatialized dimensions of this discourse. In the Swedish debate, boys in (post)industrial towns in rural regions--affected by decades of deindustrialization--are often pointed out as at risk of becoming unemployed societal liabilities. Documenting the lives, aspirations, and future trajectories of young and rural working-class boys, the television series The School Boys (Skolpojkarna) analyzed in this article reproduces this trope and connects anxieties regarding 'redundant' masculinities with rural spaces. Using feminist and post-structural approaches to gender and space, I show how this media production, supplied for educational purposes, mediates normative understandings of young rural masculinity. Keywords: deindustrialization, mill town, mobility, rurality, spatial imaginaries, youth transitions, In many Western societies, including Sweden, the educational achievements of boys have in recent decades gained political, media, and academic attention and are often discussed with reference to what has [...]

Masculinity, as an identity signifier along gender lines, varies from one society to another. The nature, definition, and expression of masculinity (dominance, oppression, violence, and aggression) through social interactions may breed bullying, as found in the Agbowo community of Ibadan, Nigeria. The data for the study were collected through mixed methods and revealed that patriarchal constructed masculinity allows for hegemonic dominance, aggression, oppression, and violent acts that foster bullying among adolescent males in Agbowo. Hence, to address bullying-related problems among adolescents, an understanding of the societal context in which it is carried out is required. Keywords: adolescents, Agbowo, cultural context, masculinity, neighborhood bullying, patriarchy, Masculinity as a concept denotes a socioculturally constructed gender identity. Its form varies across cultures and spaces and is defined by social, economic, religious, and geographic contexts per time and [...]

What We Do in the Shadows, a 2014 mockumentary that focuses on four vampires living together and having difficulties in adapting to the challenges of the 21st century indicates a new turn in vampire movies: not only does it make fun of the horrific or romantic vampires of cinematic productions and literature of our present and our past, but it also mocks people's fascination with the recent vampire renaissance. Reading the vampire as a cultural signifier in Jeffrey Jerome Cohen's concept of the monster, the paper argues that the film is a reflection on the paradigm change in the vampire culture and expresses the fear that the dominance of the vampire narratives rooted in the Masculine Gothic tradition has been challenged by the Feminine Gothic vampire narratives. The choice of genre contributes to communicating this fear: firstly, the mockumentary hides the underlying anxiety with laughter; secondly, it highlights the issue of visibility-non-visibility, which allows us to connect the vampire text to current discourses on white male power; and thirdly, it links this vampire text to its predecessors via the themes of interview and technology. All these functions support the conclusive argument that the mockumentary should be read as a story of communal survival, which directly links the interpretation of the film's vampires to the ontological fears that they express in their cultural context., WHAT WE DO IN THE SHADOWS (2014), A HORROR COMEDY ABOUT A GROUP of vampires sharing a house in Wellington, New Zealand, is a peculiar example of the vampire movie, [...]

Taken for granted, normalized as a non-category, and thus invisible, masculinity is a topic that largely escaped public and much academic attention until the birth of men and masculinity studies. It is my belief that this discipline will play an important part in the future of gender studies, which is why my paper doubles as an appeal for more scholars to join me and learn more about this lesser known side of gender theory. In my analysis of Hunter's Run (2007), an American sci-fi novel for mature audiences authored by George R. R. Martin, Gardner Dozois, and Daniel Abraham, I use Connell's hierarchy of four masculinities and other research. I quickly reveal that the novel is filled to the brim with commentary on men and 'mankind,' so much so that the greatest plot point is when the protagonist confronts his harmful ideal of hegemonic masculinity and admits that he despises the toxic person it has made him. The message is a rather loud criticism of hegemonic standards that make men emotionally stunted, prone to violence, afraid of admitting any kind of weakness or dependency, and desperate to one-up and dominate women as well as other men (as observed by Brittan in 1989 and many others). As if that was not enough, the language of the novel overuses the word man in such striking ways it demanded a section of its own in this paper. Considering all my findings, it is shocking that neither the three authors, nor the publishers, or the reviewers seem to have noticed this major theme. Instead, they claim that Hunter's Run is a story about humanity and identity, even though only the male side of these concepts is ever discussed. This leads me to further explain invisible masculinity as it was conceptualized by Kimmel in 1993, and to announce the need for more masculinity research in the stories we consume. Keywords: Masculinity studies, Invisible masculinity, Hegemonic masculinity, Marginalized masculinity, Toxic masculinity, Introduction Masculinity is everywhere: it is the expected performance in business and politics, it is the mainstream tone in comedy, sci-fi and in fact most entertainment genres, and as I [...]

Male Voices in Weimar BerlinIn the 2017 television series Babylon Berlin, contemporary viewers see not only the well-known cabaret scene and communist workers' movement of the 1920s, but also the [...]

As a magistrate who dealt with the problem of crime in Europe's largest metropolis, Henry Fielding was keenly aware that violence and its destructive effects pervaded life in eighteenth-century Britain, [...]

Discussions of Eliot's 'The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock' have focused on alienation and anxiety or the poem's formal elements. However, there seems to be a gap in explaining how these two aspects relate to each other. Throughout the monologue, Prufrock's attempts to assert his (idea of) masculinity seem to be related to how the poem uses and frustrates the sonnet form. If the sonnet is understood as an inherently masculine form and if its appearance (fully or partially) within the poem points toward an attempt to fulfil the social constraints of masculinity, then the poem will allow gender and structure to enter in dialogue, which suggests that Prufrock's inability to perform as masculine is related to his inability to both create and manipulate the sonnet structure.Keywords: gender performance / 'The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock' / T.S. Eliot / sonnet / masculinity, 'The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock' could be considered a poem that fixates on performance. It explores anxieties regarding a failed masculine performance as revelatory of a larger crisis [...]

During the last three decades of Elizabeth I's reign and the death of James I (1570s-1625), a tendency towards the adoption of masculine attire emerged. This was fierily criticized by satire and critical literature and condemned by law. This study aims to explore and analyse the existing material related to early modern female transvestism that has seldom been the subject of detailed academic scrutiny. KEYWORDS cross-dressing early modern England women's fashion historical dress disguise gender roles, INTRODUCTION This article originated from my fortunate encounter with a number of tiny, black-and-white engravings from the early seventeenth century, stored at the British Library and the National Portrait Gallery--Heinz [...]

The cowboy has long been an icon of the American West, and in many ways, the cowboy has become the symbol of the American man. This understanding of the cowboy as the ideal of masculinity has held true even in alternate competitions, such as the gay rodeo. From its origins, the gay rodeo promoted itself as a space for gay men to be 'real' men. It was a place where the masculine cowboy was embraced. Yet, the gay rodeo is a complex space because within it there exists an interplay between the normative masculine cowboy and the subversively homosexual one. KEYWORDS American West queer rodeo sport sexuality homophobia, The cowboy has long been an icon of the American West, and in many ways, the cowboy has become the symbol of the American man. He is rugged, he is [...]

En fevrier 2014, unscandale a ebranle l'universite d'Ottawa (Canada) quand des joueurs d'un club de hockey ont agresse une jeune femme durant une joute. On a du annuler la saison 2014-15. Les quatre journaux locaux en ont beaucoup parle donnant la parole aux joueurs de hockey eux-memes. Ce papier base sur 55 articles sur le sujet decele et analyse les trois cultures de la masculinite decrite par Michael Kimmel (2008) dans la dynamique du club:celle qui donne le droit, la culture du silence et la culture de protection. En creusant la comprehension des cultures masculines du jeu, ce papier met en evidence l'envahissante regle patriarcale des clubs universitaires presents sur les campus. La presse locale en leur donnant la parole a mis l'accent sur leurs droits et s'est rangee de leur cote au detriment de la survivante et de son experience de l'assaut. Elle ajoute une discussion autour de l'implication du campus, des athletes males et les medias., In recent years, a number of Canadian and American campuses made national headlines in connection with sexual assault perpetrated by male athletes. In Canada, two cases have been particularly high-profile [...]

IN 1906 a South African newspaper, The Prince, published a picture of a Chinese man's scalp, which it had bought from an ex-prisoner. According to the original newspaper account and [...]

Opening the pages of some of Hanoi's French language newspapers in the mid-1890s, one would find caricatures, cartoons, and poems about life in the colonial city. The work of bored [...]

Abstract This article offers a new perspective on contemporary 'whiteness' in Africa by looking at the ambiguous ways in which it affects everyday life in and around the labour compounds [...]

THE CRITIQUE OF NEOLIBERALISM that has been taken up in the 2000s, at least by prominent scholars in academia, highlights the impact of changing socioeconomic structures on people and communities. [...]

ABSTRACT Fashion has often served as a signifier of masculinity, from baroque flamboyance to neoclassical simplicity. Gay men have used fashion to create a recognizable image, sometimes in imitation or [...]

KEYWORDS: Gertrude Stem, Modernism, experimental writing, queer theory, transgender studies ABSTRACT: Gertrude Stem's 1933 The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas and experimental writings from the 1910s and the 1920s are [...]

Much of the early feminist scholarship on Shakespeare encouraged readers and audiences to (re)consider whether the heroic conventions and ideals in the drama were to be admired or repudiated. (1) [...]

On 20 April, 1597, Robert Sidney wrote a letter to his wife, Barbara, expressing his excitement and joy about her upcoming visit to his abode in Flushing in the Netherlands. [...]

The nineteenth-century dime novel was a significant component of adolescent culture. Dime novel Westerns prefigured emerging ideas of adolescence to inform cultural constructions of American boyhood. These texts articulated and responded to prevailing notions of proper and improper boyhood by imagining the frontier as a space of and for youth. Scholars have addressed many subversive elements of the dime novel, while largely ignoring how this literature interrogated hierarchies and categories of age. The present analysis explores that gap, highlighting the Western dime novel as a critical site for negotiating ideas of American boyhood in the late nineteenth century. KEYWORDS America, childhood, dime novel, frontier, masculinity, popular culture, On 28 September 1890, two young men were found shot to death in a Wyoming boxcar. Their killer was Charley Miller, a 15-year-old orphan from New York City. The victims, [...]

The second half of the nineteenth century was a transformative period in Swedish society, not least from a gender perspective. Reforms concerning education, employment, and legal status had improved the [...]

ABSTRACT This essay examines Ernest Hemingway's recollections of the airplane crashes and rescues during his second African safari in articles for Look magazine. These articles present a man in denial [...]

HISTORIANS HAVE ANALYZED WORKING-CLASS masculinities from multiple perspectives, but few have examined how these masculinities were viewed and experienced by working-class women. Ida Martin (nee Friars), a workingclass diarist from [...]

Padgett Powell has a habit of saying provocative things, and one such line that struck me was, 'I am gay in every way except the sex.' While an undergraduate at [...]

ABSTRACT This article examines how identities are negotiated and performed through costuming within the furry fandom community. Using ethnographic research methods, including participant observation augmented by demographic surveys and in-depth [...]

ABSTRACT This article examines how, in the latter aughts, men from the United States thought about their style, favourite clothing, masculine style(s) and the ways they imagined masculinity as articulated [...]

ABSTRACT Modern discussions of nineteenth-century-male fashion claim that this was the period when male dress was standardized into a uniform of acceptable respectability. Indeed, to twenty-first-century eyes, the prevailing image [...]