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Background Postsurgical bleeding is a major complication of mastectomy in patients with breast cancer. However, the risk factors for postsurgical bleeding have not been well studied. Although obesity or reduced skeletal muscle mass is an indicator of cancer surgery complications, its impact on postsurgical bleeding after mastectomy remains unknown.Methods In total, 563 patients with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy were included in this study. We evaluated the preoperative body mass index (BMI), skeletal muscle index (SMI), and SMI-to-BMI ratio and analyzed the association between these values and the incidence of postsurgical bleeding.Results Postsurgical bleeding occurred in 33 (5.6%) patients. Mean BMI was significantly higher in the bleeding group (26.3 ± 4.7) than in the no bleeding group (23.0 ± 4.1) (p p = 0.08). The bleeding group had significantly lower SMI-to-BMI ratio (1.71 ± 0.16) than the no bleeding group (2.10 ± 0.23) (p p Conclusions SMI-to-BMI ratio is a superior predictive factor of postsurgical bleeding after mastectomy to either BMI or SMI alone.

Fibroadenomas are the most common benign breast tumors in women, but rarely occur in men. Herein, we present a case of fibroadenoma occurring in a young, healthy male without hormonal alterations. This indicates that fibroadenoma should be regarded as differential diagnosis for tumors in the male breast., Fibroadenomas are the most common benign breast tumors in women, but rarely occur in men. We present a case of fibroadenoma occurring in a young, healthy male without hormonal alterations.

Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a highly aggressive tumor that invades surrounding tissues and rapidly metastasizes throughout the body. Growth of the primary tumor in the neck often causes serious conditions that decrease the quality of life (QOL) of patients. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of surgical resection in improving the QOL of patients with ATC.This was a retrospective review of 62 patients with ATC treated at Shinshu University Hospital between January 2001 and June 2019.Fourteen patients underwent R0/R1 resection. Thirteen of the 14 patients received postoperative radiation, and 4 received chemotherapy. The mean survival period was 15.4 ± 18.2 (range, 2-75) months. Distant metastases appeared within 3.2 ± 2.3 months postoperatively in 12 patients. A permanent tracheostomy was required in six patients; however, eight patients did not show airway obstruction until death. Daily treatment for exudate or bleeding from tumors that eroded in the neck, which deteriorated the QOL, was unnecessary in 12 patients.As surgical resection can improve the QOL in patients with ATC, thyroid surgeons should promptly and carefully evaluate the resectability of the tumor and favor resection as much as possible.

Background: The skeletal muscle index (SMI), which is calculated as the ratio of skeletal muscle area at the third lumbar vertebral level divided by height squared, has been considered a prognostic factor in patients with breast cancer. However, the prognostic impact of changes in SMI during treatment remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of SMI changes in patients with breast cancer undergoing neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).Methods: We reviewed patients with breast cancer who underwent NAC and subsequent surgery for breast cancer between 2010 and 2017. The rate of SMI change during NAC was calculated, and the association between SMI changes and prognosis was retrospectively analyzed.Results: In total, 144 patients were evaluated. 48 (33.3%), 56 (38.9%), and 40 (27.8%) patients exhibited increased (≥ 3%), maintained (−3% p < 0.001 for the decreased vs. increased SMI groups; HR 3.72, p < 0.001 for the decreased vs. maintained SMI groups). Moreover, decreased SMI was an independent risk factor for disease-free survival in multivariate analysis (HR 4.20, p < 0.01).Conclusions: Skeletal muscle loss during NAC predicts poor prognosis. Our results underscore the importance of monitoring and maintaining skeletal muscle mass during NAC.

Poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC) is a distinct but rare type of thyroid cancer with intermediate biological behavior between differentiated and anaplastic thyroid cancers. PDTC was first defined in 2005 in Japan, but the diagnostic criteria changed in 2015, requiring the tumor to have more than 50% of poorly differentiated components for diagnosis. Because only six years have passed since the PDTC definition change, prognostic factors for long-term survival who meet the latest criteria have not been determined. Neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a prognostic marker in various solid malignancies. However, its impact on PDTC remains unclear. This study aimed to evaluate the significance of NLR as a prognostic factor for patients with PDTC diagnosed based on the latest criteria. In total, 28 PDTC cases (4.4%) of 637 thyroid cancer patients who underwent surgery between 2002 and 2012 were retrospectively analyzed. The median follow-up period was 120 months (range, 7-216 months). Of the 13 deaths (46.4%), 9 patients (32.1%) died from PDTC. The median preoperative NLR was 2.7 (0.67-8.62), and the NLR cut-off value determined by the receiver operating characteristic curve was 2.88. Patients with a high NLR (>2.88) showed significantly worse disease-specific survival (hazard ratio [HR] 4.67, p = 0.036) and overall survival (HR 4.94, p = 0.007) than those with a low NLR (≤2.88). Multivariate analysis revealed that a high NLR independently predicted a worse prognosis (HR 6.06, p = 0.0087). In conclusion, NLR is a useful prognostic marker for patients with PDTC.